Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
7~
rrhe presellt invcntion relat(s to thc manu:Factul.e of
buildillg materi.als and Inol:e particulally relates -to a rnel;hod
of preparing a batcil of clay for the manufactllre of clay bricks.
A me-thod oE preparing.a charge of clay for the manu-
facture of bricks is known whlch comprises mixing clay wi.th
various admixtures that reduce plasticity oE clays, such as
sand, chamotte~ granulated slag, saw-dust, anthracite, coke
and coals that burn out in the process of brick firing. Bento-
nites and sulphite-alcohol liquor are used as pl.asticizing
additives. The disadvantage of this method is that the pre-
paration and utilization of numerous additives complicate the
process of manufacture of bricks. Moreover, t.he batch prepared ~ .
by this method is not homogeneous and lacks the plasticity
required for moulding.
The present invention removes thcse di.sadvantayes and
simplifies the process of preparing a batch of clay for the
manufacture of clay bricks and improves the properties of the
batch.
According to the present invention there is provided
a method of preparing a batch of clay for the manufacture of
clay bricks, which comprises mixing the clay with an aqueous
solution of chloride wastes of non-ferrous metallurgy in the
quantity of 5-20 per cent based on the weight oE clay, the
aqueous solution being prepared by dissolving said chloride
wastes in water and adjusti.ng the pH of the solution to 1-5
and the density of the solution to 1.03-1.1 g/cc, depending
on the mineralogical composition of the clay.
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In the method of the present invelltion for prep~ring a
batch of clay -the fol~owing steps are usually taken.
Finely dispersed chloride wastes of non-ferrous
metallurgy are dissolved in water to obtain a concen-trated
- solution. The vapour given off is condcnsed ancl returned
to the concentrated solution. The solution obtained is then
diluted to adjust -thc pH to 1-5 and the density -to 1.1 g/cc
and added to the clay in an amount of 5-20 per cent with
respect to the weight of clay, depending on the mineralogical
composition of the clay.
The chloride wastes are a finely dispersed material,
with particles sizing 10-100 microns and having the following
composition, in per cent by weight:
TiO2 6.0-16 A123 4.2-9.4 TeO 0.6-22.0
SiO2 4.64-10.5 Mc~O lo 24-4.6 Mn 0.3-2.8
Cr23 1.3-26 Nb25 0.02-0.4 Cu 0.3-1.0
Cao 0.4-0.6 ~25 0.6-0.5 Ta25 0.064-0.018
C 7.75--56.0 Cl 4.2-47.1
.. . .
~`'":' '
- 3 -
.
,, ,~ . , .
...
~7~7~ .
'l'}lC ~rcscnt invcnt :iOIl CllablCS wasl:cs of non-fc?rrous
mctallurgy to be used ;n ~hc nlanu~acture oE clay bri,cks and
solvcs the prob],em oE ~ltili~,aLion of industrial wastcs and
environmcntal control. Utilization of chloride was-tes of non-
ferrous me~allurgy makes it unnecessary -to use nurnerous addi-
tives, and, the proccss'steps at which these additives are
additional],y processed is obviated.
The chloride wastes give -the bat:ch tlle required
plasticity and workability. Tllis in turn decreases -the load
on the equipment. The load on the press is e.g., decreased by
30-40%.
The utilization of the chloride wastes, according to
the invention, increases the compressive streng-th of bricks
1.2-1.5 times, as compared with conventional me-thods, and the
bricks ob-tained from the batch prepared by the method can be
used as walling material that undergoes high stresses, e.g.
in multi-storey buildings, chimneys, etc~
~he present invention will be further illustrated
by way of the following Examples:
Example 1
Chloride wastes con-taining the following chemical
constituents (in per cent by weight)
'
4 --
10707~8
'~i2 6.0 ~b25 0.02 :
A1203 4,2 ~u 0.3
TeO 006 CaO Oc4
2 4'~5 V25 ~ 0-06
~gO 1024 ~a25 0~018 . .
0,~ . . C 7~75
Cr20~ 1.3 al 2~. .
are dissolved in water to prepare a concentrated solution9 .
The vapour that is evolved during the dissolutio~ pro- .
cess is conde~sed and retur~ed to the concentrated solution. ~' :
The pE o~ the concentrated solution is adjusted with ~ater to
1.5, and the donsit~ to 1.03 g/cc. r~he obtai~ed svlutio~ is
delivered into a mixer în the quantit~ of 5 per ce~t of
the ~eight of cla~
'l'he cla~ has the followi~g compositio~9 in per cent b~
-
weight:
Si~2 67.18 A:L2~3 10.59 CaO 6-10
MgO 1"63 1~20 3 Fe2~i 3~4
~i2 0-55
loss on i~nitiorL0 7.05
plasticity, 7.9
- sintering point, 1020C ~ .
~he obtained batch ha~ improved plastic and mouldirLg
properties that e~sure ~fective preparatio~ o~ cla~ bricks
'
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:
; - having the compression strength o~ 150 ~60 kg~/sq~cm,
Ilexural strength of 29 - 31 k~:E/sq.cm~ ~7ater absorptive
power 13 - 14 per cent, frost resis~anoe, 25 cycles.
~:xampl~ 2
Chloride wastes co~tainir~ the ~ollowirg constituent~ ,,
i~ per cent by ~eight:
;:
~i2 10 Cr203 0.1
2 3 7.5 ~b205 0.8
~eO 12 au 0.4
2 6 : CaO 0.5
MgO ~.2 V25 0.2
h~n 1.0 . ~a25 -3
C 20 Cl 25
are dissol~red in water to E~repare a conce~trated solution.
: . ~he vapour that rises in the dissolu~ion process is oondensed~
a~ld retu:rned irLto the solutio~. ~he co:ncentrated solutio~l is
diluted with water to adjus~ the EiH to 3.0 an~l the densit~
to 1~06 g/cc. ~he obtained solution is then delivered to
the mixer i~ the guantit~ OI 13 ~er cen~ of the weight o~
cla,;y~
~he c~ay has the ~ollowi~; chemical cQmpo~ition, in
per ce:tlt by wei~ht: .
. ' ' , ' ' .
.
~ ' -
. '~
... .
. . .
;- ' ; ~
~L~7~
SiO2 75-4 AL20~ 8003 ~e~o3 3,23
~i2 ~5 Ca23 5~54 1!~0 1~19
I~20 1.~8 S~ 0.107
loss o~ ig~itio~, 7.~6
plasticit~t 5,6
s intering point, 980C .
~he resultant batch possèsses improved pla~ticity and
mouldi~g properties, that ensure prep~ration v~ clay brick
havi~g the comprPssive streng~h o~ 112 to 116 kgf'/sq.cm,
flexural strength of ~2 ~o 24 kg~/sq.Gm~ and wa-ter absorpti~e
power of 15 16%; the ~rost re~istance ,, 25 cycles .
Example 3
Chloride wastes" ha~ g the composition, in per cent
by weight: .
~i2 16 Ca2 3 0 ,4 G 5~ -
A1203 9-4 Nb~05 1.0 Cl 47,Q
~eO 22 Cu 0.4
2 10 .5 CaO 0 ,~ 6
MgO 40~ V25 005
M~ 2.3 ~a2o5 0.06
are dissolved irL~water to prepare a concentrated solution~,
~I!he vapour that rises during the dissolution process i~.
condensed and returned to the solution, The co~centrated
solutio:~ is diluted with water to adjust the pH to 5,0 and
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the densit~ to 1.1 g/ccO ~he obta~ne~ solutio~ is added to
clay in A m~xer in the g~uantity of 20 per `cent~ calculati~g
with referenc~ to tho weight o~ cla~.
~he analg~si~ Oæ bhe cl~ as ~ollows, ~:L per ce~t by
wei~ht:
~i2 60~3~64ol~
2 3 8 o 7--11 ~ 5
Fe23 2,8-4.8
CaO . 6049-1~o25
MgO 1~0~ - 2007
. loss on }~nition, 7~96 - 12.36 per cen~ .
plasticity, 12.1
sintering poi~t, 1050a.
~ he resulta~t batch possesses lmproved plastic and
moulding properties that ensure pxeparation of clay brick
having the compressive stre~gth of 210 ~ 250 kgf/sq.cm~
~lexural strength o~ 3~ - 41 kg~/s~.cm.~ water a~sorbi~g
po~er o~ 12 - 13 per cent7 and ~rost re~istance~ 35 cycles.
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