PLASTIQUE DEGAGEANT PEU DE FUMEE SOUS UNE FLAMME

LOW-SMOKE PLASTIC

Abrégé anglais

Abstract of the Disclosure
A plastic composition which emits a reduced
amount of smoke when heated to flame temperature is made by
blending chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, a mixture of
chlorinated polyethylenes, an alkyl acrylate polyvinyl
chloride copolymer, and a mixture of a tin process aid
and heat stabilizer. The plastic has application in trim
parts in aircraft and mass transit vehicles. The reduced
amount of smoke emitted when the plastic reaches high tem-
perature, aids occupants of a plane or mass transit
vehicle to visually find the high temperature source and/
or to find their way to an exit when a fire, electrical
short circuit or other high temperature condition occurs.

Revendications

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. In a high impact resistant plastic which is fire re-
sistant when heated to flame temperature, comprising a blend of
100 parts by weight of a chlorinated polyvinyl chloride resin
having an average molecular weight of from about 50,000 to
140,000; and from about 5 to 30 parts by weight of chlorinated
polyethylene, the improvement comprising the chlorinated poly-
ethylene comprising a heterogeneous mixture of from 50% to 95%
of a chlorinated polyethylene having a molecular weight of at
least 100,000 and a chlorine content of 30% to 45% and from 5%
to 50% of the mixture being a low molecular weight chlorinated
polyethylene of from 20,000 to 100,000 and having a chlorine con-
tent of from 25% to 45%; from about 10 to 20 parts by weight
of a cross-linked alkyl acrylate polyvinyl chloride graft co-
polymer and from about 1 to 10 parts of an organo tin process
aid and heat stabilizer, the combination of the graft copolymer,
the process aid, and the chlorinated polyethylenes rendering
sheets of the plastic thermoformable.
2. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the
chlorinated polyvinyl chloride has an average molecular weight
of from about 80,000 to 120,000 and wherein the low molecular
weight chlorinated polyethylene has an average chlorine content
of from about 30% to 40%.
22

Description

lO~V;~
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Inventlon
This inventlon relates to a blend of chlorlnated
polyvinyl chloride with a mixture of chlorlnated poly-
ethylenes, a graft polyvln~l chloride alkyl acrylatecopolymer and a mixture of a tln mercaptlde with a tin
carboxylate.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
Polyvlnyl chlorlde and polyvinyl chloride
blended with other materlals such as chlorlnated poly-
ethylenes are known and have been used for a variety of
products. For examples of such blends see U.S. Patent
No. 3,oo6,889 Frey (1961). The problem which was over-
come by the ~rey invention was the difficulty of softening
of the hard polyvinyl chloride. This was accomplished by
blendlng the hard polyvinyl chloride wlth a so~ter
chlorinated polyethylene. One of the problems of the
softer material was that lts heat distortion temperature
waE too low. The heat distortlon problem was in part
solved by the inventlon set forth in U.S. Patent No.
3,299,182 Jennings~ et al (1967). Jennlngs employed a
mixture of a chlorinated polyvlnyl chlorlde having a hlgh
heat softenlng temperature wlth a small amount of a homo-
geneously chlorlnated polyethylene. Whlle the prlor art
compo~itlons had acceptable nonflammable characteristics
and heat softening ~haracteristlcs, they lacked several
important propertles which are important in interior trlm
:.

108(338~
parts for aircraft and mass transit vehicles. The prior art
fails to teach compositions which would meet low smoke require-
ments which are processable into sheets or thermoforming such
sheets into trim parts. Aircraft and mass transit trim parts
must be aesthetically pleasing and generate low amounts of
smoke when heated to high ~emperatures. The problems of smoke
generation include: .
(1) service personnel not being able to find the
source of the problem visually, and
(2) occupants of the smoke-filled plane or vehicle
being unable to visually find an exit.
According to the present invention, there is provided
in a high impact resistant plastic which is fire resistant when
heated to flame temperature, comprising a blend of 100 parts by
weight of a chlorinated polyvinyl chloride resin having an aver-
age molecular weight of from about 50,000 to 140,000; and from
about 5 to 30 parts by weight of chlorinated polyethylene, the
improvement-comprising the chlorinated polyethylene comprising .
a heterogeneous mixture of from 50% to 95% of a chlorinated
polyethylene having a molecular weight of at least 100,000 and a .:
chlorine content of 30% to 45% and from 5% to 50% of the mixture
being a low molecular weight chlorinated polyethylene of from
~ oc~ ,
20,000 to 40,000 and having a chlorine content of from 25% to
45%; from about lO to 20 parts by weight of a cross-linked
alkyl acrylate polyvinyl chloride graft copolymer and from about
1 to 10 parts of an organo tin process aid and heat stabilizer,
the combination of the graft copolymer, the process aid, and
the chlorinated polyethylenes rendering sheets of the plastic
thermoformable.
~1 :
~-

Thus, the present invention is directed to a blend of
chlorinated polyvinyl chloride with chlorinated polyethylene,
an alkyl acrylate polyvinyl chloride graft copolymer, and a mix-
ture of organo sulfur tin compound with a tin carboxylate. The
blend of the present invention can be readily extruded into
sheets and then thermoformed into aesthetically pleasing trim
parts for aircraft and mass transit vehicles. In addition,
when subjected to flame or high temperature conditions, the trim
parts of the present invention emit a relatively low volume of
smoke, thus, allowing for a visual location of the problem
and/or the occupants of a burning vehicle or aircraft visually
finding their way to safety.
The chlorinated polyvinyl chloride preferably has
a chlorine content of from 60 to 70 and is present at a level of
` 100 parts by weight. The chlorinated polyvinyl chloride used
in the practice of the present invention has a molecular weight
of from 50,000 to 140,000 and preferably 80,000 to 120,000.
Methods of making the chlorinated polyvinyl chloride are set
forth in United States Patents Nos. 3,334,078, Gateff (1967),
3,100,762 Shockney (1963), 3,621,080 DecOnene, 2,996,489 Dannis
(1961), 2,230,000 Hauffe (1941), 2,586,363 McAlevry (1952),
3,334,077 Gateff (1964), 3,167,535 Gateff (1962) and British
Patent 481,515 (1938).
The material is generally hard and brittle and it is
necessary, in order to soften it and to improve its impact resist-
ance. One of the materials which is added to improve the pro-
cessability and the impact resistance of
~ 4 ~
r~

~V3~
the chlorlnated polyvlnyl chlorlde is a mlxture of hlgh
and low molecular welght chlorlnated polyethylenes. The
chlorlnated polyethylenes are present at a level of from
5 to 30 parts and preferably from 5 to 15 parts.
The high molecular weight chlorlnated poly-
ethylene ls preferably present at a level of from 65% to
85% of the mlxture. The chlorlne content of the preferred
low and hlgh molecular weight polyethylenes can vary from
AB 3o% to 42% and the molecular welght of the ~eforred low
molecular welght chlorlnated polyethylene is from 20,000
to 40,000.
The chlorlnated polyethylenes used ln the practlce
of the present invention are known in the art and details
relating to thelr preparatlon wlll not be fully set forth
15 here. The preparatlon of the chlorinated polyethylene is -
adequately set forth ln the prlor art, see for example
U.S. Patent Nos. 2,405,971 McAlevry, 2,592,763 Taylor (1952)
and 3,940,456 Frey (1976).
The use of the low molecular welght chlorlnated
20 polyethylenes to plasticlze polyvlnyl chlorlde is dis-
closed ln U.S. Patent No. 3,467,732 Schuebelen (1969).
"As lndlcated, polyoleflns having a -:
molecular welght of from about 20,000 ~ :
to less than about 1,000,000 may be
used. It has been found, however,
, ~ that the molecular welght of the poly-
olefin has some lnfluence on the effec-
tlveness of the chlorlnated product
obtalned as an lmpact modlfler for
vlnyl chloride polymers. More par-
ticularly, it has been found that the
: : ' -

~0~3~i~
polyoleflns descrlbed hereln
havlng molecular welghts between about
20~000 to 40,000 are most effectlve
when chlorlnated to an extent of from
about 20 to 28 percent by welght of
chemically comblned chlorine, poly-
olefins havlng a molecular weight of from
about 40,000 to 100,000 are most
effective when chlorlnated to an ex-
tent of from about 25 and 35 percent
by weight of chemically combined
chlorine; and polyolefins having
molecular weights of about 100,000
or more are mo~t effective when
chlorinated to an extent of from about
30 to 38 percent by weight of chemically
combined chlorine".
The chlorinated polyethylene mixture is a
process aid in addition to improving the impact resistance
of the hard, brittle chlorinated polyvinyl chlorlde.
Materials withln the ranges set forth above can be
homogeneous materials or heterogeneous mixtures of mater-
ials.
To further improve the processability of the
blend of the chlorinated polyvlnyl chloride wlth the
chlorinated polyethylene, a graft copolymer of vlnyl
chlorlde onto rubbery cross-linked alkyl ~crylate back-
r~ ,S
bone is also added. The graft copolymer ~-preferably
present at a level of 10 to 20 parts by weight. The
graft copolymer is also well known in khe art having been
described in U.S. Patent No. 3,334,156 Calenkine, et al
(1967),
.
-

1~3~1~
The preferred monoethylenlcally unsaturated
monomer materials for use in formlng the backbone copoly-
mers are acrylic-type esters of the formula:
CH 2 = f -COOR'
R
wherein
R is a monovalent radical selected from the group con-
siæting of hydrogen and 1 to 4 carbon atom alkyl, and -
R' is a monovalent radical selected from the group con-
sistlng of 2 to 15 carbon atom alkyl where R is
hydrogen and 5 to 18 carbon atom alkyl when R is alkyl.
The inltial flexible polymer formatlon can be
accompllshed using indivldual esters of the specified
- type or mixtures thereof, e.g., mixtures Or various
alcohol esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid obtained
as commercial products or deslred combinations of the
esters.
In addition, various combination of these
acrylic-type esters with other monoethylenically un-
saturated copolymerizable materials may be employed,
e.g., mixtures of the alkyl esters Or the specl~led
formula with styrene, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate,
acrylonitrile and comparable copolymerizable materials.
Advantageously, such mixtures will comprise 80 to 95%
by weight of the acrylic-type esters of the speclfied
formula and up to 20%, e.g., 5-20%, of the other copoly-
merizable material although up to 50% of the latter
material may be employed if such monomer is capable of
_ 7 _
~ ' ~
.
,
. : :

3~3~
glving a flexible homopolymer having about a 100% mlnimum
elongation, e.g., vinyl stearate and the C~_C1R alkanol
esters of maleic, furamlc and itaconlc acids; e.g., di-
butyl maleate. Such percentages are based on the back-
bone monomer charge.
Advantageously the cross-linking copolymerizable
materials for use ln preparing the initial "backbone"
flexible polymers of the invention are the acryllc-type
polyesters having the formula:
o o
11
CH2 f-C-0-R"-X-C-I=CH2
R R
wherein
R is hydrogen or l to 4 carbon atom alkyl,
R" is an alkylene radical contalning l to 5 carbon atoms,
and
X i~ either the radical -0- or a radical
-O(CH~R"-O)n~
whereln n is a posltlve integer from l to lO.
In additlon, acrylate e~ter monomers havlng a
polymerlzatlon functlonallty greater than two are en- -
compasRed by the inventlon as crosR-llnklng agents, e.g.,
acrylic acid and methacrylic acid esters of glycerol,
hexanetriol, trlmethylol propane and pentaerythritol.
Mixtures Or these esters may be used, e.g., ~ -
commercial products contalnlng mlxtures of alkylene
glycol dlacrylates.
'
: . .
;.. , .. . . .~ - . ~ . , -
. . .. .

~Ot~V3~4
Other cross-llnking agents may be used in
forming the backbone polymers although the acrylic-type
polyesters ~ust mentloned have been found generally to
provlde the best combination of strength, stability and
fabrication properties in the final internally plasti-
cized vinyl chloride polymer. Addltional cross-linking
agents broadly encompassed by the invention include
1) divinyl monocyclic arylenes, e.g.~ divinyl benzene
~ and divinyl toluene; 2) vlnyl esters of acrylic type
j 10 acids, e.g., vlnyl acrylate and vinyl alphapropyl
acrylate; 3) allyl and methallyl alphaethylene monocar-
boxylates, e.g., allyl acrylate, methallyl acrylate and ~ -
allyl methacrylatej 4) diallyl polycarboxylates, e.g.,
diallyl phthalate, diallyl terephthalate, diallyl lta-
conate, dlallyl fumarate, diallyl oxalate, dlallyl
sebacate, 2,4,6-tri(allylamino)-1,3,5-triazine and diallyl
1,2-naphitaconate, diallyl fumarate, diallyl oxalate,
diallyl sebacate, materlals and mixtures wlth the pre-
ferred acryllc-type polyesters.
The cross-linklng copolymerizable monomer
materlal used wlth the monoethylenlcally unsaturated mono-
mer in formlng the backbone flexlble copolymer should be
controlled wlthin a relatively narrow limit. Thus, lt
has been dlscovered that the monomer mlxture used in form-
ing the flexible backbone polymer should contain for each
100 parts of the mlxture between about 95 to 99.75 parts
o~ the polymerizable monoethylenlcally unsaturated ~-
materlal and between about 0.25 to 5 parts of the cross-
llnklng polyunsaturated monomer materlal. In addltion to-
_g _
' ' ' - : , " ' ," ' - .

these two essentlal components, the monomer mixture wlll
comprise about 0.1 to 5 parts per 100 parts of mixture of
a polymer modifylng agent such as the alkyl mercaptans
containlng 4 to 30 carbon atoms.
The ~irst stage polymerizatlon is preferably
carried out to hlgh conversions, l.e., converslons of 95%
or hlgher of monomers to polymer, though converslons as
low as 85-50% may be employed. The conversion o~ monomer
in the grafting step is carried out to the extent neces-
- lO sary to give the desired ratio of graft polymer to back-
bone polymer. Such ratlo can be 50 to 200 part3 of vinyl
chloride or other graft monomer mixture to each lO0 parts
of the backbone copolymer. It is advantageous to employ
70 to lO0 parts of vlnyl chloride or vinyl chloride
mixture as graft monomer to each lO0 parts of backbone
copolymer. It is preferred to conduct the polymeriza-
tions with the monomers lnitlally dispersed as discrete
particles ln aqueous polymerization systems. Such disper-
sions may be stable emulsions, i.e., dispersions of such
small disperse phase particle size that no phase separa-
tion occurs even over long storage perlods of the disper-
sion or aqueous suspensions in which the particle slze of
the dlsperse phase ls so large that the suspenslons must
be kept ln substantlal state of constant agitation to
prevent phase separatlon. The emulsion type polymeriza-
tlon ls most advantageously employed.
It ls advantageous to conduct both the poly-
merlzations with an aqueous dlsperslon system and without -~
separatlon of the inltlally formed backbone flexible polymer
.
--10
- - . .
. : ' : : - .: :

33~
from its aqueous dlsperslon. In carrying out the methods
of the invention uslng thls preferred type operatlon, the
vinyl chloride material ls added to the emulslon or sus-
pension of the preformed flexible copolymer all at once
and/or in increments, the resulting mixture is stirred
or agitated sufficiently to ensure homogeneous distri-
bution of the vinyl chloride material throughout the
aqueous dispersion substantially uniformly contacting the
individual disperse particles of preformed polymer with
monomerlc vinyl chlorlde material. The monomeric vinyl
chlorlde has a certaln solvent actlon upon the preformed
flexlble copolymer creatlng a unlque polymer-structure
as the graft polymerlzatlon of the vinyl chloride monomer
proceeds.
Various catalysts known to the art as useful ln
catalyzing addltlon polymerlzatlons, i.e., polymerlza-
tlons of the vinyl-type may be employed. These include
water-soluble free-radical precursor catalysts such as
hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen peroxide-urea complexes,
potassium persulfate, sodium peroxlde or the like. The
water-soluble catalyst which accordlng dlssolves or con-
centrates in the aqueous pha~e when the emulsion or
aqueous suspenælon polymerlzatlon~ are employed, has been
found to produce the most desirable combinatlon of proper-
tles ln the final internal plastlclzed polyvlnyl chloridepolymers. However, organlc-soluble peroxldes and other
organlc-soluble free-radical catalysts may be employed
whlch wlll concentrate or appear prlmarily as a component
of the dlsperse phase ln the emulslon or suspenslon
-- 1 1 _
.

polymerizations. Such oil-soluble catalysts include the
organlc peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide, t-butyl hydro-
peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxlde and lauroyl peroxide
and azo compounds such as azo-bis-isobutyronltrile.
The second stage polymerization ln which vinyl
chloride material is grafted onto the preformed flexible
copolymer is advantageously carried out using vinyl chloride
per se as the monomeric material. However, mixtures of
vinyl chloride with other copolymerizable vinyl and
vinylidene esters, acrylic-type esters or the like may
be employed. Examples of mlxtures contemplated for use
include vinyl chloride with up to 20% of other copoly-
meriable material, e.g., vinylidene chloride, vinyl
acetate, 1 to 4 carbon alkyl acrylates or metharcylates,
vinyl stearate, and comparable monoethylenically unsat-
urated copolymerizable materials.
The graft copolymer contains from 24 to 74 parts
by welght of butyl acrylate. From 24 to 74 parts by
weight polyvlnyl chloride and from 1 to 3 parts of a
dlacrylate cross-linking compound. It is contemplated
that the total of components in the graft polymer will,
in all cases, equal 100%. There is no intention of com-
templating an impossible composition. The preferred
cross-linklng agent is ethylene glycol dimethacrylate. A
small amount such as about-5% of a general transfer agent
such as dodecyl mercaptan can also be present in the
polymerization stage and ln the ~lnal graft copolymer
product.
Tln process aid and heat stabilizers are also pre- ~ -
sent in the low smoke plastic. From 2 to 6 parts of a
_ 12 _
. ~ ~

:lO~V3~
mixture of a process aid and heat stabilizer such as a
mixture tin carboxylates and tin organo-sulfur compounds
~, pr~fer~bly
are~present.
The mix can range from 25% to 75% of either th
tin organo-sulfur compound or the tin carboxylate. Ex-
amples o~ tin carboxylates and tin mercaptides which can
be employed include those described in U.S. Patent Nos.
2,888435, Wallace (1959), 3,085,082 Longmeadow, et al
;(1963), 3,208,969 Quattlebaum, Jr., et al (1965),
3,398,114 Pollock, (1968~, 3,435,og8 Watanabe et al (1969),
and 3,475,361 Garner (1969).
The term mlxture also includes tln compounds
containing both mercaptide and carboxylate groups. Ex-
amples of tin carboxylates and tin organo-sul~ur compounds
15 useful in light and heat stablllzer mixtures lnclude: ~-
dibutyltln p-xylene a,a ' -dimercaptide, dioctyltin p-xylene
a,a'-dlmercaptlde, dimercaptomethyl m-xylene, dlbutyltin
dlmercaptide o~ dimercaptomethyl m-xylene, dimercaptomethyl
pseudocumene, dlbutyltln thiomaleate laurate, dlbutyltin
bls(lsooctyl thloglycolate), dl-n-octyltln bis(isooctyl
maleate), tetra p-methyl phenyl tin mercaptlde, tetra ethyl
tln mercaptide, mixtures of butyl tln lauryl mercaptldes,
tetra cetyl tln mercaptide, tetra lauryl tin meracptide,
organotin dibutyl tln dloctyl mercaptlde, 2,2-dloctyl or
dibutyl-1-oxa-2-stanna-3-thlocyclopentane-5-one, dibutyl
tin bis butylmercapto acetate, dioctyl tln bls lsooctyl-
mercaptoacetate, dioctyl tln Yulflde, dibutyl tin ~ul-
~ide, dimethyl tin dlcoconut mercaptlde, dlbutyl tin dis-
tearyl mercaptide, butyl tln tridodecyl mercaptlde,
dlethyl tin decresyl mercaptlde,
- 13 -

~8(3~
octyl tln triphenyl mercaptide, phenyl tin tributyl mer-
captide, methyl tin tricoconut mercaptide, dibutyltin
dithioglycolic acid cyclohexyl ester, monobutyltin
trithiopropionic acid hexyl ester, triphenyl tln thioglycolic
acid benzyl ester, dilauryl tin dlthiobutyric acid amyl
ester, dipropyl tin dithiovaleric acid tetrahydrofurfuryl
ester, dibutyl tin S,S' bis(dibutyl thiomaleate), dibutyl
tin S,S' (bis) thiomalic acid).
The tin compound mixture also imparts process-
ability to the composition of the present invention.
The preferred mix contains dibutyl tin dilaurylmercaptide and dibutyl tin maleatè.
Preferably a lubricant such as oxidized low
molecular weight polyethylene ls present at a level of
from 0.1 to 3 parts. The lubricant blooms to the surface
when the compositlon of the present lnvention is extruded
or calendered into sheets.
Pigments are present at a level of from 0.5 to
5 parts. For aesthetic purposes the plastic can be pig-
mented. Pigments include rutlle grade titanium dioxide
or any of the prior art organic or inorganic plgments.
Internal lubrlcants such as calclum stearate can
also be used to ald ln gettlng the mlx through the ex- ~ -
truder wlthout degradlng.
After-glow of the low smoke plastic can often be
prevented by the incorporation of materials such as alumlnum
oxlde trlhydrate. The after-glow preventable composltion
- is present at a level of from about 0.5 to 10 parts and
preferably ~rom l to 7 parts.
_ 14 -
. . - , ' . : .

:1~8V31~'~
The following are specific examples of the practice
of the present invention. In the examples, as elsewhere
in the specirication and claims, all parts and percentages are
by weight, and all molecular welghts are weight average mole-
cular weights unless otherwise specified.
EXAMPLE I
A blend was made of the following materials:
..
Materials Parts
: IA chlorinated polyvinyl chloride having 100
an inherent viscosity of 0.91 to 0.9
and a chlorine content of 66%
2A graft copolymer of polyvinyl chloride 15
(48%) onto butyl acrylate (48%) and :
cross-linked with ethylene glycol
; 15 dimethacrylate (2%) containing 0.05%
dodecyl mercaptan chain stopper
aChlorinated polyethylene having a 7.5
molecular weight of over 1,000,000
and a chlorine content of 36%.
', 20 3bChlorinated polyethylene having a 2.5
D molecular we~ht of less than
D loo, ooo and ~ estimated chlorlne
content of ~ 36~
4Tln carboxylate stabil.izer believed
to be dilauryl tin dimaleate
' ~ . .
Lucalor 1~76 avallable from Rhodia Chemical Co. - ~-
2 See U.S. Patent No. 3,334,156 Calentine et al (1967)
3aAvallable from the Dow Chemical Co. as CLPE 3614
`, 3bAvailable from the Dow Chemical Co. as CLPE 2243.45
3 4 Advastab T-290 available from Cincinnati Milllcon
~T~ k . ~ -
,: ,
.
~ 15 -
.
.
:

108(;~3~
EXAMPLE I (Cont'd)
Materlal Parts
sTln organo-sulfur compoUnds believed to 2.5
be dimethyl tin octyl thioglycollate
dissolved in 25%of solvent
sMicrocrystalline paraffin wax 0.5
Hoechst wax PA 190
70xidized low molecular weight poly-1.5
ethylene
Rutile grade tltanium dioxlde plgment14
Alumlnum oxide trihydrate 3
Alz03XH20
The above ingredients were mixed in a high shear mixer
; (a Henchel mixer) for 10 minutes. The mlxed ingredients
15 were fed into a low shear mlxer and cooled to room tem-
perature while mlxing. The cooled mlx ls then fed into
a sheet extruder and extruded at stock temperature of
r 190C to 210C lnto sheets of dlf~erent thlcknesses. The -~
tests set forth below were run on the product with the
20 followlng results.
-,';
':
Advastab TM-181 avallable ~rom Clncinnatl Milllcon
B 6Hoechst wax PA 190 available ~rom American Hoechst Corp
7Allied AC 629A available from the Allled Chemical Company
T~<ade~k
..
... . ..
- 16 -
- .
:
., . .- .. - . : : .. . .... : . ~ ... : : - . - -

(33~
The ~STM and UL tests which were run,were run ln
accordance with the test procedures ln force January 1,
1976. The flammablllty and smoke tests were run as accor-
ding to the procedures set forth ln National Bureau of
Standards tNBS) Technlcal Note 708. The abbrevlatlons
used ln the flammabllity and smoke tests are also set
forth in NBS Technical Note 708.
ASTMTypical
Physical Property TestTest Value
Speclfic Gravity D 792 1.57
Thermal Distortion at 264 psi D 648
10 Mil Deflection 186F
60 Mil Deflection 208F
Tensile Strength D 6385,800 psl
% Elgonation D 63840
Izod Impact Strength-Notched D 256
; at 73F 6.6 ft lb/in
Izod Impact Strength-Un-Notched D 256
at 73F 20.0 ft. lbs
at -20F 7.5 ft. lbs
Gardner Impact Strength
at 73F 160.0 in. lbs
at -20F 20.0 in. lbs
Flexural Strength D 79010,000 psi
Flexural Modulus D 790330,000 psi
Rockwell Hardness D 785107 R
Taber Abrasion Resistance D 1044
Weight loss/l,000 cycles
1 Kg load 0.7 gms

Flammabllity
60 Second Vertlcal Flame Test - 5903 T
Thickness .040" .062"
Afterburn O Seconds O Second3
5Afterglow O Seconds O Seconds
Char Length 3.7 Inches 3.3 Inches
Radiant Panel
ASTM E 162 4
UL 94 Test Method 94V-O
Oxygen Index
ASTM D 2863 45 . -
Smoke Contrlbution
NBS Smoke Chamber
Thickness .040" .062" -
15Ds 90 Seconds 43 37
Ds 4 Minutes 116 137
:::
- ; .,
.
Material Ds 4 Minutes --
B Boltaron~8000 95
: Self-Extinguishing Polycarbonate 60
20 Self-Extinguishing ABS/PVC 400
PVC/Acrylic 300
Modified Phenylene Oxlde 700
~T~de~
- 18 -
. .
'
.. - -~ : . - - . . . .

~V~ L~
Sheet ThicknessAfter Burn After Glow Char Length
Inches SecondsSecondsInches
.030 0 2 3.07
.040 o o 3.74
.062 o o 3.32
.090 0 0 2.15
.125 0 1.5 2.15
Speclflc Optlcal Denslty
Sheet Thlckness Ds Ds
Inches 90 Seconds 4 Mlnutes
.030 34 73
o40 43 116
.062 37 137
.090 23 125
.125 16 95
Reagent Effect
Dlstilled Water No change
10% Sodlum Chlorlde No change
10% Sodium Hydroxide No change
20 Ammonium Persulfate No change
B Chloro ~ leach No change
30% Hydrochloric Acid No change
10% Hydrochlorlc Acid No change
' Ethanol No change
25 Ethylene Glycol No change
Methylene Chloride Attacked
Acetone Attacked
Gasollne Attacked
T;~ J err~<
. ' '
.. - :
-- 19 --
. ~ . . ~ . .- ... - : - .
- ., .. . - . -
- .
- . .
. . .

10803~^~
Substance Stalnlng Effect
Coffee ............................... None
Beer ................................. None
Milk ................................. None
Tea .................................. Slight
B Pepsi Cola~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None
Tomato Julce . . . . . . . . . . . . .~. . None
Orange Julce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None
Hi-C ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None
Bourbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .~. . None
Scotch ............................... None
Vodka ................................ None
Cover Glrl~ ake-up . . . . . . . . . . . . None
Nall Pollsh .......................... Medlum
Llpstlck ............................. None
Halr Spray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None
Vlnegar .............................. None
Corn 011 ............................. None - --
Butter ............................... None
Mustard .............................. Slight
Sweet Rellsh ......................... None
Catsup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None
Joy~ lquld Soap . . . . . . . . . . . . . None
Chlorox .............................. None
Gillette~ lght Guard~ . . . . . . . . . . None
Sanl-flush~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None
3 ln 1 011 ........................... None
Methanol ............................. None
Ammonla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None
Chlorothane .......................... None
~ 10% Sulfuric Acld . . . . . . . . . . . . None
;j The effect of varylng the amount of ingredlents ls
~et forth below. The same ingredlents are used as ln
Example 1, only the proportlons are varled.
~ T~der~L~k~ : -
, - - :
-20 -
'~
- . , . . : -

3~ ~
EXAMPLES
2 3 4 5 6
Lucalor 1176 100 100 100100 100
CLPE - 3614 7.5 10 25
CLPE 2243.45 2.5
B Esklor~Hl Impact 15 ~ ~ 15 25
Advastab~-290 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Advastab TM-181 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
Il02RA-101 14 14 14 14 14
AC 629A 1.5 1.5 1.51.5 1.5
Hoescht Wax PF-190 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5
Al Hydrate 704 3.0 3.0 3.03.0 3.0
(Al20~3H20)
~ Tr~le r~Q~ks
Smoke Contribution NBS Smoke Chamber Flamlng Condltion~ -
EXAMPLES
2 ~ 1 4 5
Thickness 1.55 1.57 1.551.57 1.60
in mm 1.55 1.57 1.551.60 1.60
Dm Corrected 199 99 292105 122
219 103 279123 132
t.Ds = 16 sec. 1.15 1.15 1.031.12 1.07
.97 1.97 1.07l.o8 1.13
t.gDm Min. 5.0 3.2 3.84.2 3.9
4.2 3.3 4.24.4 4.2
Ds 90 Sec. 34 28 45 27 36
46 34 39 32 31
Ds 4 mlnutes 154 98 272 93 111
190 102 249111 111
', '
_ 21 -
.
. . .