Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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This application is a division of application 257,100, filed
July 16, 1976.
This invention has particular use in the mining, road planing and
earth digging fields. More specifically, the invention relates to means for
affixing removable members such as cutter bit lugs to a base member such as
the driven element of a mining machine or the like. It has particular appli-
cation to cutter bit lugs and base members whereby the lugs may be easily and
quickly installed or removed and replaced, all without damage to the driven
element or base member. In like manner the invention may be utilized for
removably securing the working element of a road working machine to the driven
element thereof or for removably securing the digging tooth Jo the driven
element of an earth digging or dipping machine.
The prior art has disclosed the provis~on of means for quickly and
easily removing and replacing worn bits from the lugs provided to oarry them.
United ~tates of America Patent No. 2,965,365 discloses quite satisfactory
arrangements for accomplishing this. Means for retaining a rotatable bit
within a lug of a mining machine in such manner that the bit may be readily
replaced are shown in United ~tates of America Patent No. 3,397,012. Other
such me~ns are disclosed in United States of America Patent No. 3,114~537.
In United States Patent No. 3,622,206 similar means are shown for enabling
quick and easy remo~al of a non-rotatable bit from a bit carrying lug.
In addition to various arrangements for permitting the ready removal
of worn bits, some of which are alluded to above, the prior art recognized the
importance of also providing arrangements by means of which the bit carrying
lug itself could be easily and readily removed from the base member on which
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it was mo~mted. United States Patent No. 3,338,634, for example5 discloses a
pin arrangement by means of which a bit carrying lug or block may be removed
from the base member or driven element of a mining machine and the like. This
particular arrangement, however, placed a great deal o~ strain on the pin used
to connect the block to the base member. United States Patent No Re. 28,310
described a pin-on-block arrangment for removably securing a block to the
driven element of a mining machine or the like in which pins were used to effectthe connection, the arrangement being such, however, that most of the stress
resulting from the cutting forces arising during the mining or digging func-
tions were taken off the pin. This latter arrangement~ ~hile quite satisfactory
in many respects, required a certain amount of room for manipulation of the
pins in securing the removable blocks to the base members; it was not possible
to place such blocks in flush side-by-side relationship on a driven member.
There are other patents which disclose various ways of not only re-
movably affixing bits, teeth and the like to suitable lugs or blocks provided
therefor, but also for removably affixing the lugs or blocks to the driven
elements of a mining or digging machine and the like Some of these~ for ~
example, were applicable to 'tplumb-bob" bits~ These prior known arrangements, ~;
while generally satisfactory in many respects~ did require a relatively large
amount of space to accommodate the various means for affixing the removable
lug or block to the driven element of the working machine whatever it was.
According to parent application 257~100 there is provided a wedging
arrangement ~or removably a~fixing a work tool holder to a base member in
mining, road working and earth moving machinery~ said arrangement comprising:
one of said base member and said work tool holder having a slot therein, the
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other of said base melllber and said work tool holder being received in said
slot; a wedge element in said slot; and holding means to hold said wedge
elemcnt in said slot in wedging engagement with both of said work tool holder
and said base member.
According to the present invention there is provided a work tool
holder of the type to be removably affixed to a base member of a mining, road
working or earth moving machine by means of a wedging arrangement, said work
tool holder comprising: a body having top and bottom walls, and a pair of
side walls; and a first formation on the body that is adapted to engage and
be retained by a second formation on said base member, said second formation
being at least partially under cut, said first formation engaging a portion
at least of said wedging arrangement.
The term "removable member" will be used in the following to indicate
the work tool holder.
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In the accompanying drawings which illustrate exemplary embodiments
of the present invention:
FIGURE 1 is a perspective view i].lustrating a removable member
secured within a dovetailed slot of a base member by means of a wedge element
and bolt, the particular removable member there depicted being a lug designed
to accommodate a knock-in, pry-out mining bit and the like.
FIGURE 2 is a side elevation, partly in section, o~ the arrangement
depicted in FIGURE 1.
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Fi~lre 3 is an explocled view illustrating how the removable
member, wedge eleme~t and bolt may be placed within the dove-tailed slot
provided in the base member.
Figure 4 is a perspective view similar to Figure 1 but showing
the parts as they would preferably be arranged if the direction of machine
movement is reversed, the chief difference being the use of two bolts instead
of one in this case.
Figure 5 is a perspective view of the drum of a mi~ing or road
planing machine and the like in which the dove-tailed slot to receive the
cooperating removable member and wedge element is provided directly therein
as distinguished from the slot being provided in a base member or other
integral part of the machine.
Figure 6 is a perspective view generally similar to that of
Figure 4 but showing the arrangement as including side walls closing what
would otherwise be the open ends of the dove-tailed slot; a cross section,
for example, through the center of this Figure along that axis thereof which
is in the direction of movement indicated, would be the same as a similar
cross section through Flgure 4.
Figure 7 is a semidiagrammatic perspective view showing a
plurality of base members such as depicted in Figure 6 permanently affixed
to the drum of a road planing or mining machine and the like.
Figure 8 is an exploded perspective view, with certain parts
ommitted, showing a removable member and base member provided ~ith a
keyway and slot for preventing lateral movement between such members.
Figure 9 is a fragmentary side elevation of a portion of the
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base member of Figure 8.
Figure 10 is a side eilevation, partly in section, similar to
Figure 2 but sho~ing che use of a wedge element having tWQ tapered surfaces
rather than one.
Figure 11 is a side elevation~ partly in section, depicting an
arrangement generally similar to that of Figure 4 but disclosing a key
connection between the removable member and the base member at the rear
thereof along the path of travel indicated.
Figure 12 is a side elevation, partly in section, showing the
general arrangement of parts depicted in Figure 4 but with one of the
dove-tailed portions of the slot omitted
~ Figure 13 is a side elevation~ partly in section, generally
similar to that of Figure 1 but showing the removable member as designed
to accommodate a specific, non-rotatable bit.
Figure 14 is a side elevation of an arrangement generally
similar to that of Figure 4 but disclosing a different kind of removable
member and a different relationship between such member and the base
member to the rear thereof along the indicated path of travel of these
members.
Figure 15 is a side elevation of an arrangement generally like
that of Figure 1 but depicting the use of a specifically different removable
member.
Figure 16 is a-side elevation illustrating an arrangement
generally similar to that depicted in ~igure 14 but showing a different
relationship between the removable member and the base member at the
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rear of the dovc-t~ d slot as considcred in the direction o~ movement
indicatcd.
Figur~ 17 is a side elevation illustrating an arrangement like
that sho~n in Figure 1 but depicting a ~ifferent style of removable member.
Figure 18 is a side elevation of an arrangement wherein a
mining machine bit and the like is directly secured within the dove-tailed
slot of the base member, such bit responding to the removable member
disclosed in the Fig~res previously described.
Figure 19 is a front elevation of the arrangement shown in
Figure 183 a variation being illustrated in dotted lines.
Figure 20 is a side elevation illustrating an arrangement wherein
the removable member is provided with a dove-tailed slot designed to
accom~odate both a male element provided on the base member and a wedge
element.
Figure 21 is a side elevation illustrating an arrange~ent
in which a different type of wedge is employed and in which the bolt is
not in direct contact with the wedge.
Figure 22 is a side elevation of a further arrangement showing
a specifically different utilization of the bolt and wedge element.
2~ Figure 23 is a side elevation depicting what in effect is the
reverse of the arrangement shown in Figure 22.
Figure 24 is a side elevation of an arrangement employing an
adjustable shim in place of the wedge element.
Figure 25 is an exploded perspective view of the adjustable shim
shown in Figure 24.
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Fi~lrc 26 is a side elevation of an arrangement generalLy
simil~r to that depicted in Figure 24 but disclosing a variation ~herein a
portion of the wedge-shim means is built into the removable member itself.
Figure 27 is a side elevation showing an arrangement wherein the
bolts are eliminated and the wedge element is of a knock-in va~iety~
Figure 28 is a side elevation of a modification of the arrangement
depicted in Figure 27 wherein the wedge element is further held in locking
position by means of the bit carried by the removable member.
Figure 29 is a fragmentary side elevation disclosing an
arrangement whereby a plurality of removable members may be secured to a
machine element by providing the machine element with dove-tailed slots
to receive nut-Like members and shims to cooperate with wedge elements
and bolts.
Figure 30 is a fragmentary side elevation genera~Ly similar to
that of Figure 29 but showing an arrangement in which the shims are omitted.
Figure 31 is a side elevation depicting an embodiment of the
invention as applied to a mining chain wherein the base member comprises -
a chain block.
Figure 32 is a side elevation of an arrangement wherein the wedge
element is provided with a non-threaded hole to receive a bo:Lt which is
threaded into the removable member.
Figure 33 is a side elevation of an arrangement wherein the
wedge element is provided with an integral threaded stud which passes through
a non-threaded opening in the removable member~ the parts being held together
by a nut on said threaded stud. -~
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Figurc 34 is a perspective view of a modific~tion of the
arrangement of Figure ~ and shows thc cutting tool and cutting direction
oriented at 90 to that of Figure 4.
Referring first to Figures 1, 2 and 3, the arrangement there
depicted is that of a base member for a mining machine, the removable member
comprising a bit carrying lug or block such as that generally shown in
United ~tates Patent No. 2,965,365.
In Figures 1 through 3 the base member 50 is provided with a
dove-tailed slot 51 adapted to accommodate a removable member 52 and a
wedge element 53. A bolt 54 has a threaded engagement with the member 53.
As shown in Figure 3 the wedge element 53 may be placed in the dove-tailed
slot 51 from above ~it is not necessary to insert any of these elements
into the slot 51 from the sides thereof) and the removable member 52 may
then be placed within this slot, also from above. It will be understood
that when the member 52 is completely down in the slot 51, and the portion
52a is in contact with the portion 50a, there will be a slight space
between the removable member portion 52b and the wedge element portion
53b. I~hen, howeverJ the bolt 54 is passed through the shouldered orifice
55 into threaded engagement with the wedge element 53 and tightened, the
wedge element is thereby moved from the floor of the slot 51 to the position
indicated in Figure 2. In this manner the member 52 is wedged into
position within the slot 51 of the base member 50. There is good
frictional engagement between the members 50 and 53 and between the members
50 and 52 in the region 50a, 52a~ Considering the line of movement imparted
to the assembly by the driven element of the mining machine (not shown)
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of which base member 50 is an in-tegral part or to which base member 50
is aff~Yed (i.e., the cutting direction) ~s indicated by arrows A in
Figures 1 and 2, th~re is thus good ~`llctional engagement among these
parts both fore and aft.
As the members are moved in the direction of arrow A the forces
resulting from contact of the bit 52c ~Figure 2) carried by lug 52 with
the material being acted upon will tend to rock the member 52 in a counter
clock-wise direction, thus further insuring good engagement within the
slot 51. In this arrangement~ therefore, o~e bolt 54 is sufficient.
Respecting Figures 1 through 3, the orifice 56 in lug 52 is
intended to receive the shank of a cutter bit 52c of the type shown in
United ~tates Patent No. 2,965,365, the orifice 57 will receive an
appropriate bit retainer 52d of the type shown in the same Patent, and
the orifice 58, communicating with shank receiving perforation 56~ may
serve as a bleed hole for mine fines, foreign materials and the like.
To remove lug 52 from dove tail slot 51 it is only necessary
to remove bolt 54. With bolt 54 removedg it is only necessary to reverse
the steps described with respect to ~igure 3. If, under particularly
adverse mining conditions, the bolt 54 should become frozen in lug 52
or wedge element 53 through the action of corrosive mine waters, fines
and foreign materials, it will be apparent from Figure 2 that a portion 5~a
of the bolt is exposed and can be cut, burned or broken with an
appropriate drift. In this manner lug 52 and wedge element 53 ~ay be
removed and base member 50 and its transverse slot 51 remain undamaged.
It will be evident that similar emergency measures may be taken with a
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majority of the o-th~r embodim~nts of the inv~ntion, to be described
hcreillafter .
Figure 4 illustrates a base member having a transverse slot
substantially identical to that illustrated in Figures 1 through 3 and like
parts have been given like index numerals. In Figure 4, a removable lug
59 is shown. For purposes of an exemplary illustration lug 59 is adapted
to receive the same type of cutter bit as lug 52 of Figures 1 through 3
and to this end has a shank receiving perforation 60, a transverse retaining
means perforation 61 and a bleed hsle 62.
Again~ the direction of motion imparted to the assembly by the
driven element ~not shown) of the mining machine or the like (i.e., the
cutting direction) is illustrated by arrow A. The embodiments of Figure 4
differs from that of Figures 1 through 3 primarily in that the wedge
element 63~ equivalent to wedge element 53 of Figures 1 through 3~ is
located at the forward end of lug 59.
Lug element 59 may be mounted in dove tail slot 51 of base
member 50 in substantially the same manner described with respect to lug
52.- Wedge element 63 is first located in slot 51 and then lug 59 may be
rocked into position. In this embodiment a pair of bolts 64, equivalent
to bolt 54 of Figures 1 through 3, pass through per~orations 65 and 66 in
lug 59 and into engagement with threaded perforations 67 and 68 in wedge
member 63. When bolts 6~ arc tightcned, the wedge element 63~ lug 59 and
dove tailed slot 51 will cooperate in much the same manner described with
respect to the embodiment of Figures l through 3 to firn~y maintain lug
59 in slot 51 and to permit substantially no relative movement therebetween.
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Since the wedge elemcnt 63 is at the fo~ard end of lug 59 in the
embodiment of Fig~re 4, the resultant cutting forces during the mining
action ~ill tend to rock lug 59 rearwardly placing bolts 64 in tension. For
this reason, it is preferred to use two bolts in this embodiment.
~ i~ure 5 is a perspective view of a cutting drum 69 of a
mining machine or the like. The cutting drum is provided with a plurality
of longitudinally extending dove tail slots 70 about its periphery. Slots
70 are equivalent to the slot 51 of Figures 1 through 3 or the slot 51
of Figure 4~ It will be immediately evident that the lug-wedge-bolt assembly
of Figures 1 through 3, or the lug-wedge-bolt assembly of Figure 4, could
be utilized directly in the slots 70. While these lug-wedge-bolt assemblies
could be slid into slots 70 from the side, this is not necessary as
described with respect to Figure 3 ~ince the assemblies may be placed
in the slots from above, it will be apparent that the assemblies may be
located in any appropriate pattern about the cutting drum. The
assemblies may be individually afficed to the drum, or removed from the
drum for replacement, both rapidly and efficiently. When the pattern
of bit carrying lugs requires it, lug-wedge-bolt assemblies may be
located in side-by-side abutting relationship within the same slot 70.
In Figure 6 a lug-wedge-bolt assembly identical to that of
Figure 4 is shown and like parts have been give lilce index numerals.
The difference between the embodiment of Figure 6 and that of ~igure 4
lies in base member 71. 8ase member 71 has a central depression 72
equivalent in configuration to slot 51 of base member 50 of ~i~lre 4. In
this instance, however, the slot does not pass through the sides of base
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mcnlber 7l Since the lug 59 and l~edgc 63 may be located in place from
abovc th~ d~pression 7~, it is not necessary that the depression 72 extend
through the sidcs of base member 7t.
~ igure S described above is an example of an instance where the
driven element of the mining machine or the lilce, itself, constitutes the
base member for a plurality of bit holding lug-wedge-bol~ assemblies. In
contrast, Figure 7 is a semi-diagramatic representation of a cutting drum
73 of a mining machine or the like Yherein a plurality of base members
71 ~Figure 6) are affixed to the drum 73 in an appropriate cutting
pattern about its periphery. Base members 71 may be attached to cutting
drums 73 in any appropriate manner, as by welding or the like. The
bottom surfaces of base members 71 may be configured as shown in ~igure
15 of United States Letters Patent Re 28,310 so that they may be readily
attached to a cutting drum of any appropriate diameter. It ~ill be
understood that the lug-wedge-bolt assemblies of Figures 1 through 3 or
Figures 4 and 6 can be located in base members 71 as described above.
Figure 8 is an exploded view of a structure substantially
identical to that of Figure 4 with like parts having been given lilce
index numerals. In Figure 8 the wedge 63 and bolts 64 have been omitted
for purposes of clarity. ~he embodiment of Figure 8 differs from that of
Figure 4 only in that a notch 74 is provided in the rcarward most cnd
of lug 59 and a corresponding pin 75 is provided in a perforation 76 in
base member 50, the perforation 76 intersecting the dove tailed slot 51,
as is most clearly seen in the fragmentary side elevational view of
Fi~lre 9.
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Pin 75 in base member 50 constitutos a key and notch 74 in the
rearward end of lug 59constitutcs a key-way. These elements cooperate
to perform two functions. First of all, when the lug 59 is secured in
dove tailed slot 51, the pin 75 and notch 74 will prevent forceable lateral
shifting of the lug-wedge-bolt assembly in slot 51. More particularly~
however, the pin 75 and notch 74 constitute means for preceisely locating
the lug-wedge-bolt assembly within slot 51. Thus, for example, if such
pins were located in an appropriate pattern in the slots 70 of the cutting
drum 69 of Figure 5, lug-wedge-bolt assemblies could be precisely located
on the drum in a predetermined pattern much the same way as on cutting
drum 73 of Figure 7 wherein the base members 71 predetermine a pattern
for the bit carrying lug-wedge-bolt assemblies.
Figure 10 illustrates an embodiment similar to that of Figures 1
through 3 and like parts have been given like index n~erals. The
embodiment of Figure 10 differs from that of Figures 1 through 3 in that
the surface 5~e of lug 52 (equivalent to the surface 52b of Figure 3) and
the cooperating surface 53c of wedge 53 (equivalent to surface 53b of
Figure 3) are themselves tapered~ but to a lesser extent than the cooperating
tapered surfaces of the wedge 53 and dove tail slot 51. This enables
the removal of lug 52 upon removal of bolts 5~ even if fines and
foreign material do not permit wedge member 53 to shift fully downwardly
within dove tailed slot 51.
The structure of Figure 11 is similar to that of Figure 4 and
again like parts have been given like index numerals~ The embodiment `~
of Figure 11 differs from that of Figure 4 in that the rearward dove tail ~`A'~ .'
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of slot 51 ha9 been eliminated and replaced by a rectangular undercut 77.
In simil~r fashion the rea~a~d extending foot of lug 59 has been replaced
by a rclieved lug or extension 78. The lug extension 78 and rectangular
~mdercut 77 cooperate to key lug 59 to base member 50.
Figure 12 is again substantially similar to Figure ~ and like
parts have been given like index numerals. In this embodiment~ the
difference lies in the fact that the rearward dove tail or undercut in slot
51 and the rearward foot of lug 59 have been eliminated completely. While
the embodiments of Figures 11 and 12 are not preferred, they will perform
adequately in those assemblies wherein the wedge element is located at the
forward end of the lug.
Thus far all of the embodiments described have been illustrated,
for purposes of an exemplary showing, as having removable lugs Gf the
type adapted to receive cutter bits such as are shown in the above mentioned
United ~tates Letters Patent 2,965,365. However, other embodiments may
have removable lugs of any appropriate type to receive any appropriate type
of cutter bit. To this end, Figure 13 illustrates an assembly substantially
the same as that illustrated in Figures 1 through 3 and operating in the `
same manner but utilizing a differenk style bit. For this reason~ like
parts have been given like index numerals.
In Figure 13 the lug 52 is provided with a shank receiving
perforation 79 adapted to receive a cutter bit 80 of the type described in
United States Letters Patent 3,622,206. The cutter bit 80 is provided
with a hard cutting tip 81 at one end and a downwardlyand rearwardly sloping
abutment surface 82 at the other. The lug 52 has a transverse perforation
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33 intorsecting the shank rcceiving perforation 79 and through which a
pin 84 c~tends providing a rean~ardly and downwardly sloping abutment sur-
face 84a adapted to cooperate with the abutment surface 82 of cutter bit
80. The abutment surfaces 84a and 82 cooperate to urge the cutter bit to
its fully seated position and to keep the cutter bit from rotating within
the shank receiving perforation 79 during the cutting action. Again~ the
cutting direction is indicated by arrow A.
The shank receiving perforation 79 may have an annular notch
85 formed therein to receive a pair of split metal rings 86 and 87
serving as retaining means for the cutter bit 80, as is described in the
last mentioned United ~tates Letters Patent.
In all other respects, the lug~wedge-bolt assembly of Figure 13
cooperates with the base member 50 and slot 51 therein in an identical
manner to that described with respect to Figures 1 and 3 and may be
located and removed from slot 51 as taught above.
Figures 14 through 16 illustrate embodiments having lugs and
cutter bits of the type taught in United States Letters Patent 3,397,012.
Turning first to Figure 14, a base member 88 equivalent to base member
50 of Figure 4 is provided with a transverse dove tailed slot 89 equivalent
to slot 51 of Figure 4. A removable lug 90 is illustrated having a forward
extension 91 provided with a pair of perforations~ one of which is shown
at 92 to accommodate a pair of bolts~ one of which is shown at 93. The
bolts are adapted to threadly engage a wedge member 94. It will be apparent
that bolts 93 and wedge member 94 are equivalent to bolts 64 and wedge
member 63 of Figure 4. The lug 90 has a shank receiving perforation 95,
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a rea~ardly c~tending foot 96 ~daptcd to engage the rea~a~d dove tail
undercut of slot 89~ and a rca~ard anvil 97 overlyin~ the upper surface
of base membcr 88 and presenting a rearward abutment surface 98.
The cutter bit 99 has a cylindrical shank portion terminating
at its fo~ard end in a hard cutting tip 100 and at its rearward end in an
abutment surface 101 adapted to cooperate with abutment surface 98 of the
anvil portion 97 of lug 90. Near its rea~ard end the shank of cutter bit
99 has an annular notch 102 adapted to receive a split me~al retaining
rin~ 103. Cutter bit 99 is rotatable in shank receiving perforation 95.
The placement and removal of the lug 90 and wedge member 94 in
slot 89 are identical to those described with respect to Figure 4 and the
various elements cooperate in an identical manner.
Figure 15 illustrates a base member identical to that of Figure
14 and like parts have been given like index numerals. The lug 104 of
Figure 15 is adapted to receive the same type of cutter bit as is shown at ~ -
99 in Figure 14. To this end the lug 104 is provided with a shank
receiving perforation 105 equivalent to shank receiving perforation 95 of
Figure 14 and an anvil portion 106 providing a rean~ard abutment surface
107 equivalent to abutment surface 98 of Figure 14.
In this embodiment the anvil 106 is provided with a perforation 108
to receive a bolt 109 adapted to threadly engage a wedge member 110 equivalent
to wedge member 53 of Figures 1 through 3. It will be evident that the
embodiment of Figure 15 is simply a modification of the embodiment of
Figures 1 through 3 to accommodate a rOtating pick-type bit. The lug 104
and wedge 110 cooperate with slot 89 in base 88 in precisely the same
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manncr describcd ~:ith respect to lug 52 and wedge 53 in FiLures 1 through 3.
Fi~lre 16 is a Illodific~tion of the embodiment of Figure 1~ and like
parts have been given like inde.Y numcrals. The embodiment of Figure 16
differs from that of Figure 14 olly in that the rearward portion 88a of
base member 88 is extended upwardly and the anvil portion 97a of lug 90
no longer overlies the top surface of base member 88.
Figure 17 is similar to Figure 15 but illustrates a lug ;-
adapted to carry a typical plumb-bob bit of the type taught in United
States ~etters Patent 3,519,309. The base member, wedge and bolts are
identical to those illustrated in Figure 15 and have been given the
same index numerals. The lug 111 has a rearward extension 112 provided
with a perforation 113 to accommodate bolt 109. A shanlc receiving
perforation is illustrated at 114 to receive the plumb-bob bit 115. Bit
115 comprises a cylindrical shanlc 116 so sized as to be freely rotatable
within shanlc receiving perforation 114. At its forward end, shank 116
terminates in a conical shoulder 117 adapted to cooperate with the flared
forward end 118 of shanlc receiving perforation 114 to serve as a gauge-
determining abutment. The forward end of bit 115 comprises a nose 119
terminating in a hard cutting tip 120. Retaining means (not shown) are
normally provided to maintain the shanlc 116 of cutter bit 115 within shanlc
receiving perforation 114. The assembly comprising the lug 111~ bolt 109
and wedge 110 cooperate with base member 88 and its transvcrse 910t 89 in
precisely the same manner tau~lt with respect to Figures 1 through 3 and 15
The various embodiments of Figures 13 through 17 illustrate that
the proportions and configurations of the base members and lugs may vary,
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but the wed~ing principle is applicable to all of these embodimcnts.
~ rcs t8 and 19 illustrate an instance wherein a lug for
removably mounting a cutter bit has been eliminated. In essence, the lug
and cutter bit co~prise an in~egral one-piece structure. For purposese
of an e~emplary showing, a base is illustrated at 121 having a transverse
dove tailed slot 122. Base member 121 may be substantially identical to
that described with respect to Figure 4. It will be understood that it can
be a separate member to be welded to the driven element of a mining or
digging machine, or it may constitute an integral part of the machine, such
as the cutting drum illustrated in Figure 5.
The cutter bit of Figures 18 and 19 is generally indicated at
123 and comprises a wide base portion 124 equivalent to a lug. This wide
base portion has a rearwardly eYtending foot 124a adapted to cooperate
with the rearward undercut of dove tail slot 122 and a vertical forward
surface 124b adapted to cooperate with a wedge element l25. Wedge element
125 is substantially identical to those wedge elements illustrated
previously, as for example in Figures 1 through 4.
The upper portion 126 of cutter bit 123 is narrow and carries at
its uppermost forward portion a hard cutting tip 127. `
A forward extension 128 is provided ha~ing a perforation 129
therein to receive bolt 130 threadly engaged in perforation 131 of wedge
el~ent 125.
Arrow A indicates the cutting direction and it will be evidcnt ~;
that this is an instance wherein the wedge element 125 is located at the
front of cutter bit 123. Therefore, the assembly of cutter bit 123, wedge
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element 125 ~nd bolt 130 cooper~tes with basc member 121 and its dove tailed
slot 12~ in the same manner described witll rcspect to the strlcture of
Figure ~. To this end, wedge element 125 and cutter bit 123 may be located
in the slot 122. l~hen wedge element 125 is engaged by bolt 130 and the
bolt is tightened, the cutter bit-wedge-bolt assembly will be fir~ly held in
dove tail slot 122 of base member 121 with substantially no relative movement
of the assembly within the slot. When cutter bits of the type sho~n at
123 in Figures t8 and 19 are applied to the driven element of a ~ining
machine, it will be ~derstood by one skilled in the art that they will
be located on the driven element in an appropriate cutting patte~n~ as is
conventional in the art.
The same sort of structure may serve as a digger Or dipper
tooth for trenching or digging machines. It will be understood by one
skilled in the art that the digger teeth of trenching or digging machines
are generally located in side~by-side relationship and there is no bit ~ `
pattern as in a mining machine application wherein groups of bits follow
each other, each group cutting the kerf left by the group of bits ahead of it.
It is desirable, therefore, in a digger or dipper tooth application, to have
a wide tooth. An exemplary wide configuration is illustrated in broken
lines at 132 in Figure 19. ~hen the upper portion of the digging tool is
wide as shown at 132 it will be preferable to widen the for~ard extension 128
and provide two bolts 130 in threaded engagement with wedge 125.
It will further be evidcnt that either in its cutter bit or
digger tooth configuration~ the structure of Figures 18 and 19 may be
modified to provide wedge 125 rearwardly of the cutter bit or dipper tooth,
-20~ ~
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812~;7
~ftcr tlle maluner ~e~cribed ~ith respect to Fi~lres 1 throu~h 3.
In all of the embodimcnts thus far described, the base member
(whether a separate membcr affixed to the driven element of the mining or
digging machine or whether constituting an integral part thereof) has been
described as being provided with a transverse dove tailed slot. Figure 20
illustrates a reverse situa~ion ~herein the base member may be provided with
an upstanding, undercut male member to be received within a transverse slot
in the removable and replaceable bit-holding lug. To this end, a base
member is illustrated at 133 as constituting either a separate structure to
be affixed ~o the driven element of the mining or digging machine or as an
integral part thereof. Base member 133 has an upstanding male element 134
with undercut side surfaces 135 and 136.
A removable and replaceable lug 137 is provided with a transverse
slot 138. For purposes of an exemplary showing the cutting direction is
again illustrated by arrow A. The fo~ard edge 138a of slot 13~ is dove
tailed so as to cooperate with surface 135 of male element 134. The
rearward edge 138b of slot 138 is vertical in configuration and spaced `
from surface 136 of male element 134 by a distance sufficient to accommodate
wedge element 139.
Wedge element 139 is substantially the same as wedge element
53 of Figure 1 and is provided with a threaded perforation 140 adapted to
receive bolt 141 passing through perforation L42 in lug 137. The lug 137
may have any appropriate configuration to receive any appropriate digger
tooth or cutter bit. For purposes of an exemplary showing it is illustrated
as having a shank recciving perforation 143, a transverse perforation 144
-21-
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for a res:ilient r~ining mcans, and ~ bleed hole l45; these are equivalent
to shank receivill~ perforation 56~ resilient retaining means perforation 57
and blecd hole 58 of Figures l ~nd 2. Thcrefore, the lug illustrated as
adapted to accommodate a cutter bit of the type shown in Figure 2.
It will be evident from Figure 20 that wedge element 139
may first be located in place and the lug 137 may be placed thereover~
Bolt 141 is inserted in lug hole 142 and engaged in the threaded perforation
140 of wedge element 139. As the bolt 141 is tightened, wedge 139 will -
firmly engage surface 136 of male element 134 of base 133 and surface 138b
of lug slot 138. Similarily, male element surface 135 will firmly engage ;
lug surface 138a and the lug will be locked in place on base member 133.
The embodiment of Figure 20 is an instance wherein the wedge
element is located rearwardly of the digger tooth or cutting tool, and
therefore is analogous to the embodiment of Figures 1 through 3. If the
cutting direction were reversed in Figure 20 and appropriate modifications
were made in lug 137 to mount and rètain the cutting tool or digging tooth,
no other change need be made in the structure although it might be
preferable to provide two bolts 141 rather than one.
Figures 21 through 28 illustrate other ways in which the
wedging action may be accomplished. Again, the cutting direction is in-
dicated by arrow A.
Turning first to Figure 21 a base member 146 is sho~m having
a dove tail transverse slot 147. A replacable lug is generally indicated
at 148. While the lug may be of any appropriate type, for purposes of an
exemplary showing it is illustrated as a lug of the general character
-22-
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tau~lt in thc above mentioned United States Letters Patent 3,397,012
adaptcd to receive a cutter bit similar to cuttcr bit 99 of Fi6ure 14. To
this end the ~ug is sho~m as having a shank receiving perforation 149, and
an anvil portion 150 providing a rearward abutment surface 151. ht its
rea~Yard end, the lug is provided with a foot 152 adapted to cooperate with
the rea~rard surface of slot 147. At the forward end, lug 148 has an
extension 153 provided with a threaded perforation 154 to receive a bolt
155. E~tension 153 has a forward surface 156 sloping forwardly and down
wardly. Finally~ the embodiment of Figure 21 includes a shim 157.
In the mounting of lug 148 in the slot 147 of base member 146
the lug is first located in place. The distance between the forward
surface 156 of the lug and the adjacent dove tailed surface of slot 147
is such that shim 157 may be placed therebetween. As bolt 155 is tightened~
its bottom end will abut the bottom of the base member slot 147 causing the
forward end of lug 148 to shift upwardly. Surface 156 on the lug will
shift into substantial parallelism with the forward surface of base
member slot 147, firmly engaging shim 157 therebetween. In this manner,
lug 148 will be locked in place with no relative movement between the parts.
The resultant cutting forces will tend only to reinforce the engagement
of lug 148 in slot 147. The dotted line at the left of Figure 21 shows
how both the foot 152a and slot 147a may be rounded to produce a socket-
type engagement between the lug 148 and base member 146.
Figure 22 illustrates another wedging arrangement. The base
member in Figure 22 is identical to that of Figure 21 and like parts have
been given like index numerals. ~ug 148a of Figure 22 is similar to lug
-23-
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148 of Figure 21 and again like parts have been given like index numerals.
In this instance, lug l48a i9 provided with a forward e~tension 158. A
wedge elemcnt 15~ is provided above extension 158 and has a threaded
perforation 160 adapted to receive bolt 161. Initially, lug 148a may
be placed in slot 147 in the position shown. Wedge member 159, in this
instance, must be inserted from the side of the base member 146. Bolt 161
is threadedly engaged in perforation 160 in wedge 159 and as bolt 161 is ;~
tightened its bottom end will abut lug extension 158 and further tightening
will cause wedge 159 to shift upwardly. The wedge will engage the vertical
front surface 162 of lug 148a and th~ adjacent fo~ward surface of slot 147
with a wedging action firmly locking lug 148a in base member 146.
The embodiment of Figure 23 is similar to that of F~gure 22
with the exception that the wedge element is located rearwardly of the
lug. To this end, the base member, bolt and wedge means are identical
and have been given like index numerals. Lug 148b is quite similar to lug
148a and like portions have been given like index numerals. In this
instance, however, the lug is provided with a forward foot 163 similar
to the rearward oot 152 of Figure 22. A rearward extension 164 similar
to forward extension 158 of Figure 22 is located at the rear of lug 148b.
To lock lug 148b in the slot 147 of base 146 the lug is first located in the
slot in the position shown and thereafter the wedge is slid in from the side
of the base to the position shown. Initial tightening of bolt 161 will cause
it to abut extension 164. Further tightening of the bolt ~ill result in
an upward movement of wedge 159 which will engage between the vertical
rear surface 165 of the lug and the adjacent rear surface of slot 147,
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locking lug 1~b in placc.
Figur~ 24 illustrates a base substantially identical to the
base of Figures 21 through 23 and again like parts have been given like
index numerals. ~ lug generally indicated at 148c is shown as being
substantially like lug 148 of Figure 121 and like parts have been given like
index numerals. Lug 148c differs from that of Figure 21 only in that the
forward extension 153 does not have a threaded perforation 154.
In the embodiment of Figure 24 a wedging action to maintain
lug 148c within the slot 147 of base 146 is accomplished through the use
of a composite wedge structure. Reference is also made to Figure 25
constituting an exploded view of the elements making up the composite
wedge structure. The composite wedge comprises a bolt 166 and first and
second wedge elements 167 and 168, respectively. The first wedge element
is of inverted L-shaped configuration and has a forward surface 169 adapted
to abut the forward surface of base member slot 147. The rearward surface
170 of wedge member 167 slopes downwardly and toward surface 169. The
second wedge element 168 has a rear surface 171 adapted to abut forward
surface 156 of lug 148c. The fo~rard surface 172 of wedge element 168
slopes downwardly and away from its rearward surface 171 and is adapted
to lie in abutting relationship with the rearward surface 170 of the
first wedge element 167. A perforation generally indicated at 173 is
provided for bolt 166. As is most clearly seen in Fi~ure 4~ the
perforation extends through the upper portion of the first wedge member. `
Thereafter, one half of the pcrforation is located in the first wedge member
as at 173a and the second half of the perforation is located in the second
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wed~e~ membcr ~s at 1731~. Thc portion l73a of the perforation and that
part -thereof wllich cxtends through thc upper portion of the first wedge
membcr is unthreaded. On the other hand, that portion t73b of the bolt
perforation located in the second wedge element 168 is threaded, as can
be seen from Figure 25.
In assembly, lug 148c is first located in base member slot 147.
Thereafter, bolt 166 is passed through that portion of perforation 173 in
the upper part of the first wedge element 167. The second wedge element is
thereafter mated with the first wedge element and the composite wedge
structure is located in the space between the fo~ard surface 156 of lug
148c and the forward surface of base member slot 147, as shown in Figure
24. The axis of bolt 166 lies in that plane defined by surface 170 of the
first wedge element and abuting surface 172 of the second wedge element.
A turning of bolt 166 Will, by virtue of its threaded engagement with the
second wedge element 168, cause the second wedge element to shift upwardly
along the surface 170 of the first wedge element. This, in turn, increases
the effective width of the composite wedge assembly firmly locking lug
148c ~nthin base member slot 147.
A modification of the structure of Figure 24 is illustrated
in Figure 26. The base member is identical to that of Figure 24 and like
parts have been given like numerals. The lug 148d is similar to that of
Figure 24 and again like parts have been given like indcx numerals.
In essence, in the embodiment of Figure 26 the second wedge
element (168 in Figures 24 and 25) has been incorpo~ated as an integral
part of lug 148d. To this end, the forward extension 153a of lug 148d has
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lV812~;7
been enlarged forwa1~lly and terminatcs in a surface 156d equivalen~ to
the surfacc 172 of s~cond edge wedge element 168 (Figure 25). The
surface tS6d carrics a threaded depression 174 equivalent to the threaded
depression 173b of the second wedge element (Figure 25). A wedge element
175 is provided somewhat similar to the first wedge element 1~7 of Figure 25.
Wedge element 175 is wedge-shaped rather than I,shaped and has a longitudinal
unthreaded depression 176 forming the other half of the perforation to
receive bolt 166.
In use, lug 148d is located in the position shown within
base member slot 147 and bolt 166 with wedge 175 lying there against is
turned into engagement with the threaded depression 156d. As the bolt
166 is further tightened~ wedge 175 shifts downwardly with bolt 166~ firmly
locking lug 148d within ba-se member slot 147.
Figure 27 illustrates a base member 177 having a dove
tailed slot 178 therein as described above. A lug is generally indicated
at 179 and is of the type described in the above mentioned United States
Letters Patent 3,397,012, intended to receive a rotatable pick-type
bit such as bit 99 of Figure 14. To this end, lug 179 is illustrated as
having a shank receiving perforation 180, an anvil portion 181 providing
an abutment surface 182. The forward end of lug 179 is provided with a
foot 183 adapted to cooperate with the forward surface of dove tail slot 178.
The rearward end of the lug terminates in a downwardly and rearwardly
sloping surface 184 spaced from and non-parallel to the rearward surface of
dove tail notch 178. ~ simple wedge member 185 is provided. To lock lug
179 within base member slot 178 it is only necessary to first locate lug
-27-
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179 within the base member 9Iot and thereafter to firmly insert wedge 185
betwecn thc rearward surface of slot 178 and -the rean~ard surface 184 of the
lug by a series of blows from an appropria-te tool. Lateral blows with an
appropriate tool applied to wedge 185 will release the wedge for removal
and replacement of lug 179.
Figure 28 illustrates a modification of the embodiment of
Figure 27. The base member is identical to that of Figure 27 and like
parts have been given like index numerals. Lug 179a is similar to that of
Figure 27 and is adapted to carry a pick-type cutter bit 186 of the type
shown at 99 in ~igure 14, with a hard cutting tip 187 at its forward
end and a gauge-determining abutment surface 188 at its rearward end.
The bit 186 is freely rotatable in the shank receiving perforation 189 of
lug 179a.
The lug has a fon~ard foot 190 adapted to cooperate with the
forward undercut of dove tailed slot 178. The lug differs from that of
Figure 27 largely in that it bears no anvil portion and no abutment surface
to cooperate with abutment surface 188 of cutter bit 186. Instead, the
lug 179a has a rearward extension 191 providing a downwardly and rearwardly
sloping surface 192 spaced from ~he rear~ard surface of base member slot
178. In this embodiment, the lug 179a is first located in the base
member slot 178 from the side thereof. Thereafter, a wedge element 193
is located between the lug surface 192 and the rearward surface of dove
tail slot 178, also from the side thereof. Wedge 193 may be driven into
wedging engagement with the adjacent surface of the base member slot and
surface 192 of lug 179a by an appropriate tool extending through shank
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receiving perforation 1~9 o~ the lug. In this manner wedge 193 will firmly
maintain lug 179a in place within base member slot 178.
The fo~ardmost surface 194 of wedge 193 serves irl this
embodiment as an abutment surface adapted to cooperate with the gauge-
determining abutment surface 188 of cutter bit 186. As the assembly is
driven in the cutting direction indicated by arrow ~, the resultant
forces on cutter bit 186 will be substantially axially thereof. The
abutment of cutter bit surface 188 and surface 194 of wedge 193 will
therefore tend to maintain and reinforce the wedging action of wedge
193. To remove lug 179a~ it is only necessary to apply lateral blows
with an appropriate tool to wedge member 193 to remove it from the
assembly. Upon removal of the wedge, lug 179a may be taken out of base
member slot 178.
Figure 29 illustrates another application of the wedging
concept. In Figure 29, for purposes of an exemplary showing, a cutting
drum is fragmentarily illustrated at 195. The cutting drum is provided
with a plurality of longitudinal dove tailed slots about its periphery,
one of which is shown at 196. To this extent, the cutting drum is
similar to drum 69 of Figure 5. In this instance, however~ cutting
or digging tool carrying lugs are intended to be located on the periphery ~;
of the drum between the longitudinal slots therein by wedge elements
located within the slots. To this end, a pair of tool car~ing lugs
are fragmentarily indicated at 197 and 198. The ends of these lugs ;~
provide surfaces tapering downwardly and outwardly as is indicated at
197a and 198a, respectively. The bottom surfaces of the lugs, 197b and 198b
~-:7 29
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respectively, are appropriately shaped to rest upon the driven element 195.
A first wedge element L9~ is located within slot 196 and is
so sized as to be insertable ~rom the top thereof. Wedge element 199 is
provided with a threaded per~oration 200. A second wedge element 201 is
provided, having an unthreaded perforation 202 adapted to receive a bolt
203. Wedge element 201 is so si7ed as to engage surfaces ~97a and 198a of
lugs 197 and 198.
To assemble the embodiment of Figure 29, wedge element 199
is first located in the slot 196 of driven element 195. A shinl member
204 is thereafter located between wedge element 199 and an adjacent
side of slot 196. Lugs 197 and 198 are thereafter appropriately located
on driven element 95 and wedge element 201 is then located between them.
Bolt 203 is caused to pass through perforation 202 of wedge element 201
and into threaded engagement with perforatiorl 200 of wedge element 199.
As illustrated in Figure 29 the assembly is shown in its lmtightened
condition. It will be evident from the Figure however, that as bolt 203
is further tightened, wedge element 199 will be drawn upwardly in slot
196 while wedge element 201 will be drawn downwardly toward wedge element
199. It is to be assumed that similar wedge and bolt assemblies will
be located at the other ends of lugs 197 and 198 and in this way the lugs
will be firmly affixed to driven element 195. While~ for purposes of an
exemplary illustration driven element 195 has been described as being a
cutting drum, it will be understood by one skilled in the art that the
driven element can be of any appropriate type and confi~lration, the
bottom surfaces of lugs 197 and 198 being appropriately shaped to rest
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thereupon.
Figure 30 illustratcs a modification of Fi~lre 29. Figure
30 illustrates a driven element 205 of a mining machine or the like, again
shown in the form of a cutting dr~m substantially identical to cutting
drum 195 of Figure 29. The cutting drum is again provided with a plurality
of longitudinally e~tending slots 206 and 207. Tool-carrying lugs are
located between slots 206 and 207 as at 208, 209 and 210. Lugs 208
through 210 have their bottom surfaces configured to rest upon the
periphery of cutting dr~n 205 and present opposed, downwardly and outwardly
sloping end surfaces 208b, 209a~ 209b and 210a, respectively.
First wedge elements 211 and 212 are located in slots
206 and 207, respectively. ~econd wedge elements are located between lugs
208 through 210 as at 213 and 214. The pairs of cooperating wedge elements
213-21~ and 214-212 are provided with bolts 215 and 216, respectively
The printary difference between the embodiment of Figure 30
and that of Figure 29 lies in the fact that wedge elements 211 and 212 are
so sized to be just nicely received in their respective slots 206 and 207.
While this eliminates the requirement for a shim of the type shown at 204
in Figure 29, it requires that wedge elements 211 and 212 be inserted in
their respective slots from the sides thereof, rather than from the top
thereof. In all other respects~ the wedge-bolt assemblies of Figure 30
when tightened, lock lugs 208 through 210 in place in substantia~l~ th~
same manner described with respect to Figure 29. It will immediately be
apparent that in!both embodiments of Figures 29 and 30 a loosening of the
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1081Z67
~edge-bo~t assemblics will enable ready removal and replacement of the tool
carrying lugs. ~hile not show~ in the drawings, it will be understood that
each of lugs 197 and 198 of Figure 29 and lugs 208, 209 and 210 of Figure
30 may be appropriately configured and provided with a shank recei~ing
perforation for any suitable cutter bit such as those heretofore described.
Figure 31 is generally similar to Figure 4 but shows the
wedging arrangement as applied to a base member which is in fact the chain
block 250 of a mining machine chain. ~ug 59 is located in slot 51
provided in the chain block 250 and so also is the wedge element 63. One
or more bolts 64 will effect the desired wedging action among the lug 59,
element 63 and chain block 250.
A modi~ied wedging arrangement is illustrated in Figure 32.
The base member 350 is provided with a dove-tailed slot 351 to receive a
removable member or work tool holder 352 and a wedge element 353. The
element 353 is provided with a non_threaded, shouldered bore 353a to
receive a headed bolt having a threaded stem 354 which passes freely `
through the element 353 but into threaded engagement with the work tool
holder 352 as indicated at 352a. These parts 352, 353 and 354 may be
loosely assembled and placed within the dove-tailed slot 351 from an open
end thereof whereafter a suitable tool placed in the socket 354b of the
bolt 354 will effect the wedging arrangement depicted.
Another embodiment is depicted in Fi~lre 33 wherein the wedge
element 453 has an integral threaded stud 454 which passes through a non-
threaded bore 452a in the work tool holder 452. The loosely assembled
work tool holder 452 and wedge element 453, 454 are placed in the slot
~' 32
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~51 of the base member ~50 laterally from an open end thereof. A nut
~52b is then placed on the end of the threaded stud ~s4 extending beyond
the upper surface of the member 452 and tightened to effect the wedging
arrangement depicted.
Figure 34 depicts an arrangement much like that of Figures 1
and 4 but wherein the cutting tool and cutting direction are moved through
as indicated by the arrow A. This Figure 34 emphasizes the fact that
the wedging arrangement is effecti~e to hold the removable member
(work tool holder s59) in the slot 551 of the base member 550 by reason
only of the element s63 and bolts 564. Thus in this arrangement the bolts
56~ effect good frictional engagement of the removable member s59 (the
bit carrying block or lug and the like) with the base member both sideways
(starboard and port, as distinguished from fore and aft as earlier
described) along the line of travel of the driven element of which the ;~
base member is a part.
Modifications may be made in the invention without departing
from the spirit of it. Various numbers of bolts, for example, may be -~
employed to ef~ect the wedging arrangement and action depicted; the
invention is not to be considered as limited to the use of either the
one or two bolts illustrated. Furthermore it is possible to place a
plurality of work tools in each work tool holder rather than just the one
indicated. Sinnilarly some arrangement may utilize a plurality of work
tool holders arranged side by side in a co~non dove tail groove provided
in a suitable base member; the cutting drum 69 of Figure 5 could, for
example be so used.
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