Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
lO901~S
The present invention relates to the liquid ion exchange
extraction recovery of certain metal values from their aqueous
solutions. More particularly, it relates to such a process where-
in the extractant is an 8-sulfonamidoquinoline compound dissolved
in an essentially water-immiscible organic solvent. -
Liquid ion exchange recovery of metal values from aque-
ous solutions thereof has in the past ten years or so become a
mature commercial operation. Such processing has been described ~ ~-
as being deceptively simple since all that is really happening
is the transfer of a metal value from Phase A (aqueous) to Phase
B (organic) and thence from Phase B to Phase C (aqueous). How-
- ever, complexities of liquid ion exchange arise in a number of
areas including (1) synthesis and manufacture of the reagent sys-
tem? (2) evaluation of the system's capabilities, and (3) en- - -
gineering application leading to large scale~metal recovery.
The main key to a successful application of liquid
ion exchange is the reagent. In this respect, the reagent should
meet a number of criteria. In the first instance, the reagent~
must complex with or react with a metal or group of metals and
such complexing or reaction should be relatively fast in order
to avoid having to use large holding tanks or reaction vessels.
It is also desirable that the reagent shows preference for a
single metal where the aqueous starting solutions contain a num- -
~ber of metal values. Such selectivity can often be optimized at-
designated pH ranges. The reagent should also desirably complex
or react quantitatively with the metal under the extraction con-
ditions. Additionally, the reagent, as well as the resulting
metal complex, must exhibit satisfactory solubility in the essen-
tially water-immiscible organic solvent being used. Further, the
reagent-metal reaction or complexing must be reversible so that
the metal can be stripped from the organic phase. For economic
. . .
10901~5
reasons, the reagent must be acceptably stable so that it can be
recycled repeatedly. Also, it should be essen-tially water in-
soluble to prevent significant loss into the aqueous phase or
phases. Furthermore, the reagent should not cause or stabilize
emulsions. Again and principally for economic reasons, the
reagent should not react with or load significant quantities of
acid, for example, from aqueous acidic stripping solutions. And,
of~course, the cost of the reagent should be such that the liquid
ion exchange process can be operated at a profit.
Of significant, but lesser, importance is the selection -
of the essentially water-immiscible solvent to be used in the
liquid ion exchange process. Such selection is important prin-
cipally from a cost standpoint, especially in the recovery of
the more common metals. Existing commercial operations for
copper recovery, for example, generally employ aliphatic kero-
senes because of the low cost thereof. Thus the cost of the
reagent and the solvent is intertwined in providing the desired
overall economics of the process being commercialized.
One of the most extensively used systems in commercial
operation in the last decade~for copper recovery has employed
benzophenoximes or combination reagents including a benzophenoxime
component. While being economic, improvements can be made since
the said benzophenoximes do not have total selectivity for copper
over iron, for example. Other types of reagents which have been
proposed for use in copper recovery such as the alkenyl substi-
tuted 8-hydroxyquinolines also have certain drawbacks. Thus
the latter compounds have poor selectivity for copper over iron
and also tend to load considerable quantities of sulfuric acid.
I have now discovered that 8-sulfonamidoquinolines
which are soluble in essentially water-immisclble organic sol-
vents can be used to extract certain metal values from their
l~j901~tS
aqueous solutions. Such soluble 8-sulfonamidoquinolines gen-
erally meet most or all of the reagent characteristics set forth
hereinabove, including low sulfuric acid loading and high
selectivity for copper over iron. Further, the said 8-sulfonamido-
quinolines appear to have long term stability when in use equal
to or greater than the aforementioned benzophenoximes. Also,
many of the substituted 8-sulfonamidoquinolines are new com-
pounds as disclosed and claimed in my copending application en-
titled Certain Sulfonamidoquinolines, Metal Complexes Thereof,
And Solutions Containing Such Sulfonamidoquinolines And Metal
Complexes, filed of even date with this application. Most of
such new compounds exhibit acceptable solubility in aliphatic
and/or aromatic kerosenes thereby promoting their use in the pro-
~esses of the present invention.
In the making of my initial discovery of the use of
the 8-sulfonamidoquinolines in the liquid ion exchange recovery
of metals, I was not aware of the work of Billman and Chernin
relating to the precipitation of certain metal ions by chelating
the same with selected low molecular weight sulfonamidoquinolines. -
This work is believed to have been first reported in Analytical
Chemistry, Vol. 34, No. 3, March 1962, pp 408-410. Such arti- --
cle shows the following four specific compounds.
(l) ~ (2)
N
N-H N-H
2 SO2
CH3
CH3
:
' . ~ - . -
. ~: . , .
~V901'1S
~ - SO2 - ~ "
/ 2 \2 N-H
N-H H-N~ S2
~ ~ C~3
These compounds were shown to chelate with Ag+, Cu~2, Zn~2,
Pb+2, Co+2 and Hg+2 when dissolved in 95% ethanol or acetone
and contacted with certain buffered solutions of the metal ions.
The authors stated that "The chelates differ greatly from those
of 8-quinolinol and 8-mercaptoquinoline in their solubility.
They do not dissolve in the common nonpolar organic solvents
or in the polar ones such as dimethylformamide, pyridine and
nitromethane" ~p. 408). Subsequently, United States Patents
3,268,538 and 3,337,555 were issued to Billman and Chernin.
No additional specific compounds are disclosed in these patents
and the same are drawn to essentially the same data and concept
as set forth in the earlier publication--i.e. the precipitation
of chelates of specified metals with low molecular weight
sulfonamidoquinolines. A generic formula
NH
2 ~ ~-
R
is set forth in the said patents with R being defined as a mem-
ber of the group consisting of Cl - Cs alkylj C2 - Cs alkenyl
and ~ Rlm where m is a number from 0-2, R' is Cl - C5
al~yl, Cl - C5 alkyloxy, nitro, halo and
10901~5
~ ~ S2 ~ NH -
_z
and Z is oxygen, sulfur, sulfonyl or sulfoxide.
The work of Billman and Chernin teaches away from the
present invention in their findings of lack of solubility of
the chelates of the low molecular weight compounds specifically
synthesized and tested. Further, it cannot be seen how the for-
mation of precipitates could lead to a commercially practicalmetal recovery process due to handling and cost problems~
Additionally, Billman and Chernin clearly do not teach a pro-
cess wherein a metal complex is formed with an 8-sulfonamido-
quinoline dissolved in an essentially water-immiscible organic
solvent, the metal complex remains in solution and the metal
values are then stripped from the organic phase leaving the ~ -
8-sulfonamidoquinoline still dissolved in~the essentially water-
immiscible organic solvent.
The 8-sulfonamidoquinolines useful in the process of
the present invention are those which are soluble in essentially
water-immiscible organic solvents at least to the extent of 2%
by weight and whose metal complexes are also soluble to the
indicated amount. The 8-sulfonamidoquinoline base moiety can
be illustrated as follows:
NHS2 - -- , .
wherein solubility in the essentially water-immiscible organic
solvents is achieved by substituents on the quinoline nucleus ~
and/or the radicals completing the NHSO2- group, preferably the -;
'
_ 5 _ - :
::
:: - : :,
1()3~)1"5
latter. As indica-ted, it is necessary that these 8-sulfonamido-
quinolines have the requisite solubility characteristics. It is
also requisite that the nitrogen of the quinoline nucleus and
the NHSO2- group remain active since the metal complexing takes
place through the interaction o~ such groups. A substantial
number of useful 8-sulfonamidoquinolines is illustrated in the
Examples to follow.
The preferred group of 8-sulfonamidoquinolines useful
in the process of the present invention have the following
structural formula:
(R2)m ~ (R )n
N ~
NHS02R
where R is alkyl, alkenyl, aralkyl, alkaryl or alkenylaryl (the
terms "ar'r and "aryl" as used herein include both unsaturated
and saturated ring structures) as will be further defined. When
alkyl or alkenyl, R will contain at least 5 carbon atoms and pre-
ferably 8 or more carbon atoms. The said alkyl or alkenyl groups
also desirably contain less than about 20 carbon atoms and addi-
tionally are preferably branched chain. R is, however, prefer-
ably aralkyl, alkaryl or alkenylaryl as represented by
3 ~ R4)
-(R ) - ( A ~ q
where p is 0 or 1 and when p is 1, R3 is an alkylene radical of
1 to about 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms. "A"
is a mono or polycyclic radical wherein the ring or rings are
5 or 6 membered. While the said mono or polycyclic radical may
be saturated or unsaturated, it is preferred that the same is
unsaturated and 6 membered and A is most preferably selected
from the phenyl and naphthyl radicals. In these aralkyl~ alkaryl
-- 6 --
10901~S
and alkenylaryl compounds, q is a whole integer of preferably
1-5 and R4 is an alkyl or alkenyl group such that the total num-
ber of carbon atoms in (R4)q is at least five with the provisos
that when q is 2 at least one R4 radical contains 5 or more car-
bon atoms and when q is 3 or more at least one R4 radical contains
3 or more carbon atoms. Preferably, the total number of carbon
atoms in (R4)q is eight or more. Additionally, the R4 groups
are preferably alkyl and q is most preferably 1, 2 or 3. The
R4 groups may individually contain 20 or more carbon atoms but
there is no particular advantage in groups of more than 20 car-
bon atoms since the same would tend to increase overall molecu-
lar weight of the sulfonamidoquinolines without any consequent -
increase in extraction capabilities. In the preferred aralkyl,
alkaryl and alkenylaryl compounds, r is 0, 1 or 2 and R5 is Cl,
Br, nitro or _o-R6 where R6 is a hydrocarbon group such as alkyl,
alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl or alkenylaryl containing from
1 to about 20 carbon atoms. It is preferred that r is 0 or 1.
When A is phenyl, q + r is 5 or less.
Rl and R2 in the preferred compounds for use in the
present invention can be hydrocarbon groups such as alkyl,
alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl or alkenylaryl containing from
1 to about 20 carbon atoms, ether groups, -o-R6, as defined here-
inabove or Cl, Br or nitro groups. In respect thereto, n and m ~ -
are 0, 1, 2 or 3. Preferably, when present, Rl and R2 are alkyl
groups of 1 to 5 carbon atoms or Cl, Br or nitro groups. Pre- ~
ferred compounds are those wherein m and n are 0 or 1. When m ~ -
or n are 2 and R2 or Rl are aliphatic hydrocarbon groups, the ~ - -
two such hydrocarbon groups can form an additional condensed
ring system on the basic quinoline nucleus.
The compounds useful in the present invention as de-
scribed in my said copending application also preferably contain
- 7 -
. . . .. .
:
~- " ~ ' ' - '
.
109()1~S
less than about 30 carbon atoms in the R radical thereof. The
sulfonamidoquinolines useful in the present process are also
characterized as having solubilities in essentially water-
immiscible organic solvents of at least 2% by weight. Corre- -
spondingly, they are also further characterized in that the
metal complexes (i.e. Cu++) of the compounds have solubilities
of at least 2~ by weight in the said essentially water-immiscible
organic solvents. Especially preferred compounds useful in the
invention are characterized by their solubility (and the metal
complexes thereof--i.e. Cu++) in aliphatic or aromatic hydro-
carbons or mixtures thereof having flash points of 150F. and
higher to the indicated level of at least 2% by weight.
As will be further evident from the Examples to follow,
alkyl and alkenyl chain length and/or branching and type of
branching in the R radical of the preferred compounds (including
in the aralkyl, alkaryl and alkenylaryl compounds) can contribute
to the solubilities as above set forth. Thus the said preferred
compounds may preferably even be further characterized as having
in the R radical sufficient chain length and/or branching and
type of branching in the alkyl and alkenyl groups contained
therein to provide at least the minimum solubility character- -
istics as set forth in the respective solvents to be used. In
this latter respect? it was discovered as set forth in my said
copending application that in order for the compounds ~and their
metal complexes--i.e. Cu++) to meet the solubility requirements
in the above designated aliphatic and/or aromatic solvents having
flash points of 150F. and higher, the same have 8 or more carbon
atoms in R when R is alkyl or alkenyl and, when R is
-(R3) - ( A ~ q
R )r
.
,. ~ ,
., '
,;
109'~ 5
(R~)q contains 8 or more carbon atoms with the proviso that when
q is 2 and one R4 radical contains five carbon atoms, the second
R4 radical will also contain at least five carbon atoms.
The compounds for use in the present invention are
preferably prepared by first dissolving 8-aminoquinoline or a
substituted 8-aminoquinoline in an organic base or a solution of
an organic base in an organic solvent. Such solution is cooled
to O-10C. and the desired sulfonyl chloride is added slowly
with stirring while the reaction temperature is maintained at
0 to 20C. After addition of the sulfonyl chloride is complete,
the reaction mixture is allowed to warm to room temperature, pre-
ferably with stirr-ing for one to three hours for example. The
reaction mixture is then heated to 80-100C. for approximately
30 minutes. Water is added and the reaction mixture tat 75-95C.
for example) is stirred for an additional period--i.e. 30 min-
utes. The reaction mixture is then poured into water (ratio of
250 ml. to one liter) and the sulfonamidoquinoline is recovered
(1) by extraction with an organic solvent, such as Skellysolve C `~
(available from the Skelly Oil Co. and consists mostly of n-
heptane, b.p. range 88-100C., hereinafter referred to as "Skelly
C"), benzene, chloroform and the like or t2) by filtration in the
case of those sulfonamidoquinolines which crystallize. After
extraction, the organic extract is desirably washed (3 times) `
with 2-5% by weight sodium bicarbonate in 20-30% aqueous methanol,
then with 25 g./l. aqueous sulfuric acid (3 times) and again with
the sodium bicarbonate solution. Finally, the organic is washed
with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated
in vacuo. Further details of the synthesis of the pre~erred
~ compounds useful in the present invention will be found in the
Examples to follow including information on the preparation of
various of the starting materials.
. :
.: . , . . . :
l~901~S
In the process of the present invention, the sulfon-
amidoquinoline compounds are dissolved in an essentially water-
immiscible organic solvent and then the resulting solution is
contacted with the metal containing aqueous phase to extract
at least a portion of the metal values into the organic phase.
The phases are separated and metal values are stripped from
the loaded organic phase by the use of an aqueous stripping
medium.
A wide variety of essentially water-immiscib~e organic
solvents can be used in the metal recovery process of the present
invention. These include: aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons
such as kerosenes, benzene, toluene, xylene and the li~e. The
choice of the said essentially water-immiscible organic solvent
for particular commercial operations will depend on a number of
factors including the design of the solvent extraction plant
(i.e. mixer-settlers, Podbielniak extractors, etc.), the value
of the metal being recovered, disposal of plant effluen~ and
the like. The process of the present invention finds particular
use in the extraction recovery of the major, non-ferrous, tran-
sition metals--i.e. copper, nickel, zinc, cobalt(II), cadmium,
mercury and silver tI)--and lead as will be described more
fully hereinbelow. Essentially all of the major plants in oper-
ation currently for the recovery of these metals (particularly
Cu++) use mixer-settlers with relatively large organic inven-
tories and some loss of solvent invariably occurs by evaporation,
entrainment in the aqueous, and the like. Under these circum-
stances, preferred organic solvents for use in the metal re-
covery processes of the present invention are the alip~atic and ~ -
aromatic hydrocarbons having flash points of 150F. and high~r -
and solubilities in water of less than 0.1% by weight. These
solvents are also essentially non-toxic and chemically inert
- 10 -- -
, -
, . .
lO901~S
and the costs thereof are currently within practical ranges--
i.e. normally less than one dollar (U.S.) per gallon to as low
as 30¢ (U.S.) or so. Representative commercially avail~ble
solvents are Kermac 470B (an aliphatic kerosene available from
Kerr-McGee - Flash Point 175F.), Chevron Ion Exchange Solvent
(available from Standard Oil of California - Flash Point 195F.),
Escaid 100 and 110 (available from Exxon-Europe - Flash Point
~180F.), Norpar 12 (available from Exxon-U.S.A. - Flash Point
160F.), Conoco C-1214 (available from Conoco - Flash Point
10 160F.), Aromatic 150 (an aromatic kerosene available from
Exxon-U.S.~. - Flash Point 150F.) and various other kerosenes
and petroleum fractions avaiIable from other oil companies.
In the process of the present invention, the organic ~-
solvent solutions will preferably contain from about 2 to 50~ ~
by weight of the sulfonamidoquinoline compounds and even more ~ -
preferably from about 5 to 20% by weight thereof. Additionally, in ~`
my new process, the organic:aqueous phase ratios can vary widely
since the contacting of any quantity of the sulfonamidoquinoline
solution with the metal containing aqueous phase will result in
extraction of metal values into the organic phase. However, for
commercial practicality, the organic:aqueous phase ratios are
preferably in the range of 5:1 to 1:5. For practical purposes,
the extractions (and stripping) are normally carried out at . - -
; ambient temperatures and pressures although higher or lower tem-
peratures and/or pressures can be used. The entire process can ~
be carried out continuously with the stripped organic solvent ~-
solution being recycled for contacting further quantities of
metal containing solutions.
The metal recovery process of the present invention
is useful for the recovery of the following metal values from
their aqueous solutions: Cu++, Ni++, Co++, Zn++, Pb , Cd
. .
-- 11 --
. : :
. : -: . .: - -
` lV901~S
Hg and Ag . Except for Pb , these metal values are all tran-
sition metals of Groups I b, II b and VIII. The extraction of
these various metals from their aqueous solutions depends upon
a number of factors including, for example, the concentration
of the metal ion, the particular anions present, and the pH
and/or ammonia coneentration in or of the aqueous solutions and
the concentration of and the particular sulfonamidoquinoline
used in the organic phase. Thus for each aqueous metal solution
and reagent solution of sulfonamidoquinoline there will be a
preferred or optimum set of extraction conditions, and those
skilled in the art, based on the information given herein espe- -
cially in respect of the examples to follow, will be able with
a limited number of trial runs to-determine such preferred or
optimum conditions for the respective systems under consideration.
This is equally true of the stripping operations. By stripping
is meant that at least a portion of the metal values in the
loaded organic phase are transferred to the aqueous stripping
medium. The metal values are then desirably recovered from the
aqueous stripping medium by conventional techniques, preferably
electrolysis. The loaded organic:aqueous stripping phase ratios
can also vary widely. However, the overall object of the pro- -
cess is to p~ovide a metal containing stripping solution of :
known composition and concentration sui~able for conventional
recovery techniques such as electrolysis. Thus normally the
metal will preferab~y be present in higher concentrations in
the aqueous stripping medium than in the starting metal con- -
taining solution. Accordingly, the loaded organic:aqueous
stripplng medium phase ratio will preferably be in the range of
1:1 to 10:1.
Based upon extensive data obtained to date especially
in respect of the sulfonamidoquinolines of Examples I and II to
- 12 -
109014S
follow, certain preferred conditions for the extraction and
stripping operations are outlined as follows in regard to spe-
cific metal ions to be extracted. Thus Cu++ i9 readily extracted
at acid pH's with the preferred range falling at a pH of from
about 0.5 to 7Ø Likewise, copper is readily extracted from
ammoniacal solutions wherein the preferred concentration of
ammonia in the latter is from about 10 to 150 g./l. The loaded
organic is readily stripped of Cu++ with aqueous acid strip-
ping solutions such as 25 to 250 g./l. H2SO4.
Zinc (Zn++), nickel (Ni++),- cobalt (Co++) and cadmium -
(Cd++) are readily extracted from ammoniacal solutions in the - ~ -
same manner as Cu++. Preferred acid pH ranges for these metals
are abou-~ 4.0 to 6.0 for Zn++, about 4.5 to 7.0 for Ni++, about
5.0 to 7.0 for Co++ and about 4.0 to 7.0 for Cd++. All of these -
- metals are readily stripped from th-e loaded organic phases
thereof with aqueous acidic stripping mediums, preferably 25
to 250 g./l. H2SO4. Lead (Pb++) is preferably extracted at pH's
above about 5.0~with the metal being stripped from the loaded
organic by aqueous acidic stripping solutions, which are prefer-
ably about 100 to 150 g.ll. nitric acid solutions (lead has
little solubility in aqueous H2SO4). Pb++ does not form a
soluble ammonia complex. Mercury (Hg++) is (from somewhat
limited data) preferably extracted from its aqueous solutions
over a pH range of about 0.5 to 6Ø One preferred aqueous
acidic stripping medium therefore is hydrochloric acid at a
concentration of about 20 to 50 g./l. Silver (Ag 1) was ex-
tracted from an ammoniacal solution, specifically at an ammonia
concentration of 10 g./l. Specific aqueous stripping solutions
for the silver loaded organic were 63 g./l. nitric acid, 37
g./l. HCl and 150 g./l. H2SO4. The above discussion is based
on actual extraction and stripping operations in accordance
- 13 ~
1090145
with the Procedures used in the Examples to follow. As indi-
cated previously, each starting metal containing aqueous solu-
tion will have its own optimum conditions as will be readily
apparent to those skilled in the art.
The exact structural nature of the metal complexes
formed during the extraction process of the present invention
has not been determined. However, from the analytical data
obtained wherein the sulfonamidoquinolines have been maximum
loaded with the metals, particularly Cu++ and Zn++,~it would
appear that the metal complexes (i.e. maximum loaded) comprise
the metal and the new sulfonamidoquinoline in a molar ratio
- of about 1:2. However, as indicated, the sulfonamidoquinolines ~
do not need to be maximum loaded to perform acceptably in my ~ ~ -
processes, it being only necessary that a portion of the metal
values in the starting aqueous phase be complexed in the organic
phase and ultimately stripped from such organic phase. ~ --
- The starting materials for the preparation of the --
.. . . . .
preferred sulfonamidoquinolines useful in the present invention
were prepared tif not readily available commercially) by various
methods as will now be described in detail. Such description
aids in defining preferred embodiments of the invention since
branching of the alkyl or alkenyl groups in R and type of
branching in -(R3)p~ 5 q is dependent somewhat on
the derivation o-f the starting materials.
Starting alkylbenzenes were prepared by two different
routes. The first involved the acylation of a suitable aromatic
substrate with an acid chloride followed by reduction to the
alkylbenzene. This procedure was used in the preparation of
diamylbenzene and n-hexadecylbenzene as will be more fully de-
tailed hereinbelow with respect to preparation of the sulfonamido-
.
~: . . . . .
,. ., ~ ,
10901~5
quinoline compounds where R is diamylphenyl and n-hexadecylphenyl.
The second route to the starting alkylbenzenes in-
volves a Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene or suitable alkyl-
benzene such as toluene or cumene. Essentially the alkylations
were carried out via the procedure of Oleson tInd. Eng. Chem., -
52, 833 (1960)). More specifically, approximately one-half to ~ ;
two-thirds of the starting aromatic hydrocarbon and the aluminum -~;
chloride were placed in a round bottom three-neck flask fitted -~-
with mechanical stirrer, addition funnel, thermocouple well or
thermometer, and a condenser. A small portion of water t2 to
10 drops) was added and then a solution of the olefin in the -
remainder of the aromatic hydrocarbon was added slowly with
stirring to the reaction vessel. The reaction temperature was
maintainedin the range from 0C. to 50C. After addition was
complete, the reaction mixture was stirred for an additional ~-
15 to 20 minutes while the reaction temperature was maintained~
as indicated. A 10% by weight aqueous hydrochloric acid solu-
tion (500 ml.) was added and the mixture stirred for five min-
utes. The phases were then separated and the organic phase was
washed twice with 2-5% by weight aqueous sodium hydroxide, once
with brine, and the excess aromatic was stripped off in vacuo.
The product was fractionally distilled through a vigreaux col-
umn under vacuum. The ratios of reactants, boiling points and
-:
- yields are found in Table I which follows hereinbelow. It is
to be noted that this method yields alkylbenzenes of the so~
called "soft alkylate" type which are preferred starting ma-
terials for the preparation of the alkaryl substituted sulfon-
amidoquinolines useful in the invention. The terms "soft" and
"hard" alkylate are descriptive and are based on the biodegrad-
ability of the alkylbenzene sulfonic acids containing the re-
spective groups. The soft alkylate types are biodegradable
.
- 15 -
.~ . .
- ~
1~901~1X
whereas the hard alkylate types are not. .The "soft alkylate"
type can also be referred to as linear alkylates meaning that
the alkyl group is attached to the benzene nucleus in a definite
manner--i.e. CH3
~(CH2)b
CH
(CH2)a
CH3
where a and b would be O or whole integers such as to comple-te
the chain length of the alkyl group. For illustration purposes,
the alkylation of benzene with l-dodecene can theoretically
yield a mixture of alkylbenzene isomers including the following: -
CH3-(CH2)9-CH-cH3 CH3-(CH2)8-CH-cH2-cH3
CH3-(CH2)7-CH-tCH2)2cH3 CH3-(CH2)6-CH-(CH2)3
.+ ~ + 13
CH3(CH2)5-CH-(CH2)4-cH3
+ 13
`:
- 16 -
: . .
~ .. . .
.. . . .
' ' .
lO901~S
~ Ll ~
Q) o\ol tD cn ~ u~ co cn CD u~ cn
,r, Ir) ~ N O O ~N t~
~ ~ ¦ I ~ I o
p_, O :i' ~ O NCO ID CO ~ N ~ ,~
~i ~ "~ o U') o
~1 .~q ~ ~ I 0, ~ ~ O O ~ ~
' O 'S ~
O O ~ .
~ ~0 ~ 1
., , ~ ~0 ~ ~ ... . '
~ ~) N NU) N N 15~ N N L/~ Ih
n O O ~ O O ~ O O O p) .-
O O O O O O O O O ~ ~ ~
_ !
~ ~ ~ 8 ~ ~ 8 ~ ~ 8 ~
~ ~ ~ c~
'' '` 6
¢ m ~ q - ~ 8
æ 8 ~
3 3 ~ 3
.
-- ~ .
lO901~S
The starting sulfonyl chlorides were prepared by
four different routes starting from the alkylbenzene, the
alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, the sodium sulfonate salt or an
alkyl halide. In the first of these methods, a solution of
the alkylbenzene in 1,1,2-trichloroethane (TCE) was cooled to
10C. and chlorosulfonic acid was added slowly with stirring.
The pot temperature was maintained at 10-15C. during the
addition. After the addition was complete, the reaction mix~
ture was stirred at 10-15C. for 15 minutes and then allo~ed to
warm to ambient temperature while stirring for 2-3 hours.
Thionyl chloride was added to the stirring reaction mixture
and the same was then heated slowly (1-3 hours) to 90-120C.
and held at this temperature for 30 minutes. A sample was
. .
then withdrawn from the reaction mixture for analysis. If the
presence of the sulfonic acid anhydride was detected by IR, an ~ -~
additional mole of thionyl chloride was added and the reaction
mixture was stirred at 90-120C. for one additional hour. The
excess thionyl chloride and TCE were stripped from the reaction
mixture in vacuo and the crude sulfonyl chloride was purified
by molecular distillation. Ratios of reactants, reaction tem-
peratuFes and yields are given in Table 2:
:~
` ~-
- 18 -
- .
109(i145
-- 61 --
3 ~ 3 ~ u~ ~ o
O O O O O O ~
o o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
-~ N o 31 U~ ~ ~I N U~ o
r~ U~ ~ ~ O ~ i 0 0 r~
~3 O E3 ~ N r` L~7 ~ N
O O O O O o o ~ a)
,~ ¦ ~ m ¢ m ~ ~, O ~ -
~ o ~n
il I GG ~a ~ G G ~
~o9o~s
Octylmethylbenzenesulfonyl chloride was prepared from
octyltoluene in 70~ yield by the method of Cross and Chaddix
tU. S. Patent 2,694,727). Other of the starting sulfonyl
chlorides were prepared by mixing the alkylbenzene with chloro- -
sulfonic acid in the manner set forth by Bistline and co-
workers (J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 51, 126 (1974)) and the re~
action was carried out with the following modifications. The
acid layer was drained off after the reaction mixture was al-
lowed to stand overnight and Skelly C was added to the organic
with gentle swirling. An additional volume of sulfuric acid
settled out of the organic after one hour and was drained off.
The organic was carefully washed with ice water (with extreme
caution), then with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered,~
and evaporated in vacuo to an oil. Ratios of reactants and
solvents are given in Table 3. - - - ~ -
Table 3
Alkyl- 1,2-Dichloro-
benzene ClSO~H ethane Skelly C Yield
oduct (m) (m~(ml) (ml) %
Dodecylben-0.615 1.45100 500 80
zenesulfonyl ,, , . ~-
chloride
Diamylben-0.224 0.6725 100 (1)
zenesulfonyl
chloride
n-Hexadecyl-0.33 1 50 100 (2)
benzene-
sulfonyl
chloride
Hexadecylben- 0.2 0.6 50 (3) (2)
zenesulfonyl
chloride
(1) Approximately 40% of the material was lost during the ice
water wash due to vigorous frothing and spattering. The
crude product was purified by distillation (37% yield).
(2) The conversions were incomplete. The isolated material
was a mixture of the sulfonic acid and sulfonyl chloride.
Conversion to the sulfonyl chloride was completed by
refluxing with excess thionyl chloride as described in
the following procedure.
- ~3) Addition of the Skelly C was omitted.
- 20 -
109014S
In preparing the starting alkylbenzenesulfonyl chlorides,
from the alkylbenzenesulfonic acids, the sulfonic acid was added
slowly over a four hour period to a stirring solution of thionyl
chloride (1 liter) in Skelly C (500 ml.). The temperature con-
troller was set for 95C. and the reaction mixture was heated to
reflux. The reaction mixture required approximately two hours
to reach 95C. After stirring at 95C. overnight, the excess
thionyl chloride and the Skelly C were stripped off under aspir-
ator vacuum. An additional 50 ml. of Skelly C was added and
then distilled off under aspirator vacuum to remove the last
traces of thionyl chloride. The crude product was then purified
by molecular distillation, Amounts of starting acid and yields
are given in Table 4.
Table 4
- Alkylbenzene- - , Sulfonic Acid Yield
Product (m) %
Dodecylbe~zene- 5.82(1) 94
sulfonyl chloride
Pentadecylbenzene- 4.79(2) 77(3)
~ sulfonyl chloride
. . .
(1) The starting dodec~lbenzenesulfonic acid
was Bio Soft S-100 , a biodegradable
linear alkyl aryl sulfonic acid available
from Stephan Chemical Co.
(2) The starting pentadecylbenzenesulfonic
acid was Petrostep A-70 with an equiva-
lent weight of 369 available from
Stephan Chemical Co. The pentadec~l group
was a branched chain hard alkylate group.
(3) Based on distillation of a 75 g. sample.
Dinonylnaphthalenesulfonyl chloride was prepared in
the following manner. A mixture of 1 mole sodium dinonyl-
naphthalene sulfonate (NaSul 55 available from R.T. Vanderbilt
Co. wherein the nonyl groups are branched chain) and phosphorous
pentachloride (1.25 mole) was warmed very slowly on a steam bath
109~145
with mechanical stirring. At approximately 40C. there was very
vigorous exotherming and some material was lost due to foaming.
The reaction mixture was cooled and Skelly C (100 ml.) was added
to lower the viscosity of the reaction mixture. The stirred
reaction mixture was heated on a steam bath for five hours. The
reaction mixture was then cooled, allowed to stand overnight and
heated on a steam bath with the volatiles being stripped off
under water aspirator vacuum. The residue was dissolved in
Skelly C (1.5 liter). The Skelly C solution was washed with ice
r~ater, then brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and eva-
porated to an oil t76~ yield) in vacuo. The crude product
analyzed as 6.6~ Cl (theoretical = 7.2%) by X-ray and was used
without purification in Example X to follow.
The preparation of sulfonyl chlorides from alkyl- ~
halides will be set forth in the Examples to follow in respect ~ ~ ~ -
of the particular sulfonamidoquinolines being prepared therein. - ~-
Likewise, where a substituted 8-aminoquinoline is used as the
reactant in the preparation of the sulfonamidoquinolines, its
preparation will be described in respect of each such particular
20 sulfonamidoquinoline. 8-Aminoquinoline is commercially avail- -
able and can also be prepared such as from 8-hydroxyquinoline
or 8-nitroquinoline by any number of known procedures.
The following Examples illustrate preferred embodiments
of the invention without being limiting. The first series of
examples show the preparation of preferred sulfonamidoquinolines
useful in the present invention and the second series show metal
extractions therewith in accordance with the present invention.
EXAMPLE I-A
To a solution of 43.2 g. (0.3 mole) 8-aminoquinoline
in 100 ml. pyridine and 200 ml. toluene was slowly added 103 g.
(0.3 mole) dodecylbenzenesulfonyl chloride. The sulfonyl
- 22 -
,
.
lO90i~S
chloride was prepared as described above (see Table 2) from
dodecylbenzene (Ucane Alkylate 12 obtained from Union Carbide
which is a linear alkylate with average molecular weight of
244) and was an isomeric mixture wherein the dodecyl group is
mostly in the para position. The reaction mixture was allowed
to stir overnight. It was then heated to reflux for one hour
and 500 ml. distilled water was added. Stirring was continued
for an additional hour with heat after which the reaction mix-
ture was poured into a separatory funnel. The phases were
sep~rated and one liter of Skelly C was added. Then the organic
phase was washed two times with 25 g./l. aqueous H2S04 (100 ml-.
portions), four times with freshly prepared 5% by weight NaHC03
in 40~ a(lueous methanol t200 ml. portions), two more times with
the sulfuric acid solution ~200 ml~ portions), one more time
with the sodium bicarbonate solution and then with brine. The
reaction mixture was then dried over sodium sulfate, filtered
and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. There was obtained 115.9 g.
of product (85% yield, product was an oil) which was 8-(dodecyl-
benzenesulfonamido)quinoline having the structure
~ dodecyl
~ NHS02 ~
where the dodecyl group is as described in respect of the start-
ing suIfonyl chloride. Structures were confirmed in this and~
succeeding Examples by Infra Red (IR) and Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance (NMR) analyses.
EXAMPLE I-B
To a solution of 12.9 g. (0.09 mole) 8-aminoquinoline
in 150 ml. pyridine was added 31.0 g. (0.09 mole) dodecylbenzene-
sulfonyl chloride in 100 ml. Skelly C at 0C. The sulfonylchloride was prepared from dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (a
- 23 -
: , ~
.:
109~ S
technical grade of linear alkylate available from Pfaltz ~ Bauer)
and the dodecyl group was mostly in the para position. The re-
action mixture was stirred for one hour at 0C. and then allowed
to stir at room temperature overnight. It was then heated to
70C. and poured into 600 ml. of ice water. The aqueous mix- -
ture was extracted with Skelly C and the resulting extract was
washed four times with 5% by weight NaHCO3 in 40~ methanol-
water. It was then dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, heated -:
to boiling and 10 g. of decolorizing charcoal was added. The
product solution was filtered through celite and evaporated
to a pale yellow oil (32.3 g.) in vacuo. The product, 8- ;
~odecylbenzenesulfonamldo)quinoline had the structure as defined
in Example I-A above and where the dodecyl group was as in the
starting dodecylbenzene.
EXAMPLE I-C
Example I-B was essentially repeated except that the ~ -
starting dodecylbenzene was Chevron Alkylate 21 ~available from
Standard Oil of California which is a synthetic alkylbenzene in
which the side chain is branched (hard alkylate) and contains an
average of 12 carbon atoms) and the resulting sulfonyl chloride
and 8-(dodecylbenzenesulfonamido)quinoline were isomeric mix-
tures wherein the dodecyl group was as in the starting dodecyl- -
benzene (in this and succeeding Examples the alkyl groups on
the ring are in the positions as in the starting alkylbenzenes
o~ alkylbenzenesulfonyl chloridesand the sulfonamidoquinolines
will thus normally be a mixture of isomers).
EXAMPLE II
To a five liter round bottom flask fitted with an air
stirrer, thermometer, addition funnel and ice water bath were
charged 365.7 g. (2.54 mole) 8-aminoquinoline and 2 liters
pyridine. Then 838 g. (2.54 mole) decylmethylbenzenesulfonyl
- 24 -
.
lO901~S
chloride was added slowly enough to maintain the tempe~ature at
9-13C. (time of addition was 45 minutes). The sulfonyl chloride
was that prepared in Run A of Table 2 from the decylmethylbenzene
of Run B in Table 1. After addition of the sulfonyl c~loride was
completed, the reaction mixture was heated to room temperature
and allowed to stir for three hours. It was then heated to 85C.
and held at 80C. for 45 minutes after which one liter of water
was added. The temperature was brought back to ô0C. and the
water-reaction mixture held at that temperature for thirty min-
utes. The mixture was transferred to a six liter separatory
funnel and two liters Skelly C and one liter water were added.
After standing overnight, the phases were separated and two
liters water were adcled to the aqueous phase which was then ex-
tracted with Skelly C and the Skelly C extract separated. The
organic phases were combined and washed as follows: 3 times - ~-
with 4% NaHCO3 in 25~ MeOH-~iater, 3 times with 25 g.tl. aqueous
H2SO4, 2 additional times with the NaHCO3 solution, 2 additional
times with the H2SO4 solution and then 1 time with brine. The
product solution was dried over sodium sulfate and the Skelly C
solvent was evaporated off giving 1066.9 g. of a light brown oil
which was 8-(decylmethylbenzenesulfonamido)quinoline ~90+% purity)
having the structure
So2 ~
decyl
EXAMPLE III
_
Example II was essentially repeated except u~ing 196
ml. pyridine, 36.0 g. (.25 mole) 8-aminoquinoline and 56.5 g.
(.25 mole) decylethylbenzenesulfonyl chloride. The said sul-
fonyl chloride was that prepared in Run A of Table 2 which in
- 25 -
~ ;
.
lO901~1S
turn was prepared from the decylethylbenzene as prepared in
Run A of Table 1. There was obtained 94 g. of a dark oil. The
product was 8-(decylethylbenzene~ulfonamido)quinoline having the
structure
ethyl ~ :
NHS0
decyl
EXAMPLE_IV
Example II was essentially repeated except using 120
ml. pyridine, 23.0 g. (.16 mole) 8-aminoquinoline and 56 g. - ~~
(~.16 mole) dialkylbenzenesulfonyl chloride. The said sulfonyl
chloride was that designated as Cll-C14 alkylmethylbenzene-
sulfonyl chloride in Table 2 which in turn was prepared from ~
the Cll-C14 alkylmethylbenzene of Table 1. The product was a ~-
dark oil in a yield of 83%. It had the following structure
methyl
NHS0
~ ~ Cll-C14 alkyl
EXAMPLE V
Octyltoluene (50 g. - .245 mole) as prepared in Table
1 was added slowly at 5-10C. with stirring over one half hour
(some exotherm) to 81 g. (.69 mole) chlorosulfonic acid in a
250 ml. round bottom flask fitted with air stirrer, thermometer, ~- ;
addition funnel, reflux condenser, scrubber and ice bath. The
reaction mixture was allowed to stir for three hours at 25-30C.
and then stand overnight. It was poured onto 900 g. ice, 500 ml.
diethyl ether was added and the mixture was stirred until the ice
melted. The resulting organic phase was washed with water, 30%
a~ueous Na2CO3, again with water, dried over Na2SO4 and the
- 26 -
, ' , :
. - : .................................... ...
:: .
109014S
solvent was evaporated. Thirty nine g. of octylmethylbenzene-
sulfonyl chloride was obtained.
To 14.4 g. (.10 mole) 8-aminoquinoline mixed with 14.4
g. (.15 mole~ triethylamine and 25 ml. benzene was added 20.4 g.
(0.067 mole) of the octylmethylbenzenesulfonyl chloride as above
prepared at 14-18C. The reaction mixture was stirred for two
hours at room temperature and then heated to 80C. for one hour.
Two hundred fifty ml. water and 250 ml. Skelly C were combined
with the reaction mixture and the phases were allowed to separate
overnight. The organic phase was washed as in Example II above,
dried over Na2SO4 and stripped of solvent giving 26.7 g. of a
dark oil which was 8-(octylmethylbenzenesulfonamido)quinoline
having the structure:
~ metbyl
NHS02 - ~_
octyl
EXAMPLE VI
Example II was essentially repeated using 23.04 g.
(0.16 mole) 8-aminoquinoline, 100 ml. pyridine and ~9.5 g.
(0.16 mole) of nonylmethylbenzenesulfonyl chloride as prepared
in Table 2. The said nonylmethylbenzenesulfonyl chloride was
n turn derived from a nonyltoluene having a branched nonyl
group derived from tripropylene (available from Sunoco). There
was obtained 55.1 g. of a dark oil which was 8-(nonylmethyl-
benzenesulfonamido)quinoline having the structure:
methyl
NHS02 - ~
nonyl
-~ - 27 -
109~1~5
EXAMPLE VII
Example II was essentially repeated using 20 g. ~0.139
mole) 8-aminoquinoline, 120 ml. pyridine and 50 g. (0.139 mole)
decylisopropylbenzenesulfonyl chloride (also termed decylcumene-
sulfonyl chloride) as prepared in Table 2. The sulfonyl chloride
was in turn derived from decylcumene as prepared in Table 1.
There was obtained 50 g. of a dark viscous oil which was 8-
(decylisopropylbenzenesulfonamido)quinoline having the structure:
U~S02~
decyl
EXAMPLE VIII
Diamylbenzenesulfonyl chloride was prepared as in
Table 3 above from diamylbenzene. The latter starting material
was prepared in the following manner. To a suspension of 175.2
g. (1.29 mole) AlC13 in 660 ml. carbon tetrachloride was added
155.8 g. (1.29 mole3 valeric acid chloride slowly so as not to
bring the temperature of the ice-salt-water bath cooled reaction
mixture above 5C. (addition time was 20 min.). After this addi~
tion was complete, the mixture was cooled to 0C. and addition
of 159.2 g. (l.o? mole) of sec-amylbenzene (available from
Phillips Petroleum) was begun (the addition was carried out at
0-2C. over a period of 3.5 hours). The reaction mixture was-
allowed to warm to 10C. over a one hour period and was then
dumped into an HCl-ice mixture and stirred overnight. The phases
:
were allowed to separate, the aqueous was extracted with carbon
tetrachloride anù then the aqueous was discarded. The resulting
organic phases were combined and washed as follows: 2 times with ;-
7% wt./vol. aqueous HCl, 2 times with 10% by weight aqueous Na2C03,
- 28 ~
:. . . . . ~ . ,
.. . .
lO901~S
1 time with water and 2 times with brine. The produet was dried
over Na2SO4, stripped of solvent and distilled to yield fractions
which were mostly p-sec-amyl-valerophenone (some ortho isomer
was present). This product (104.8 g.) was mixed with 86.3 g.
KOH, 61 ml. of 98-100~ NH2NH2-H2O and 500 ml. diethylene glycol
and heated to reflux. It was refluxed overnight and then heated
from 140C. (pot temp.) to 155C. by collecting H2O off the re-
action mixture with a take-off condenser. The reaction mixture
was heated at 195C. for one hour with some refluxing, a total
of 50 ml. of distillate was collected and it was then cooled
and poured into 500 ml. water and 250 ml. of Skellysolve B
- (available from the Skelly Oil Co. and consists mostly of n-hexane,
b.p. range 60-71C.). The phases were separal:ed, the organic
was washed 2 times with 10~ aqueous HCl, dried over Na2SO4,
filtered and evaporated to an oil. There was obtained 83.1 g.
of product which was vacuum distilled to yield a 49.8 g. fraction
(pot temp. - 125-145C.; head temp. ~ 105-110C.) which was
diamylbenzene having the structure:
(CH2)4CH3
~ .
CH3-(cH2)a-cH-(cH2)b-cH3
where a ~ b equals 2.
The diamylbenzenesulfonyl chloride (25.5 g. - 0.081
mole), as above prepared, 8-aminoquinolin`e (12.24 g. - 0.085
mole), and 75 ml. pyridine were reacted in essentially the same
manner as set forth in Example II to obtain 33.5 g. of 8-(diamyl-
benzenesulfonamido)quinoline having the structure:
~ ~ n~amyl
NHS02 - ~
sec~amyl
~ 29 -
lO90~'aS
~XAMPLE IX
Example II was essentially repeated using 28.8 g.
(0.2 mole) 8-aminoquinoline, 150 ml. pyridine and 49.35 g.
(0.2 mole) 4-sec-amylbenzenesulfonyl chloride. There was ob-
tained 50 g. of a thick oil which was 8-(sec-amylbenzene-
sulfonamido)quinoline having the structure
~ 2 a
NHSO2 - ~CH2)b ;
CH3
where a + b equals 2. ~-
EXAMPLE X
Dinonylnaphthalenesulfonyl chloride (125 g. - 0.26
mole) prepared as described hereinabove was dissolved in 150 ml.
toluene and added with stirring to a solution of 37 g. (0.26
mole) 8-aminoquinoline in 100 ml. pyridine while the temperature
was maintained between 10-20C. (there was some exotherm). The
reaction mixture was allowed to stir overnight at room temper-
20 ature. It was then heated to 80C. for 30 minutes after which25 ml. conc. NH3 was added and stirring was continued at 80C.
for 20 minutes. The reaction mixture was poured into 500 ml.
Skelly C and 300 ml. water, the phases were separated and the ~ ~ `
::
organic was washed with 5% by weight NaHCO3 (40% MeOH in water) `~`
until a good phase break was obtained. It was washed also with
25 g./l. H2SO~ until a good phase break was obtained. After
these washings, the reaction mixture was heated to boiling,
treated with five g. of decolorizing charcoal, dried-over Na2SO4,
filtered and evaporated to dryness in vacuo to give 152.2 g. of
30 a black oil. The product was 8-(dinonylnaphthalenesulfonamido)-
quinoline of the structure
.
-- 30 --
.
. ~ - - .
,.- : : - :
.;, ~ .
~090145
~ '
NHS02 - r~l
~ (nonyl)2
wherein the nonyl groups are as in the starting dinonyl-
naphthalene.
EXAMPLE XI
Example II was essentially repeated using 46.4 g.
(0.32 mole) 8-aminoquinoline, 180 ml. pyridine and 82.35 g.
(0.3 mole) heptylbenzenesulfonyl chloride. The latter reactant
was as prepared in Table 2 from the heptylbenzene of Table 1.
There was obtained 112.6 g. (97.35~ yield) of 8-(heptylbenzene-
sulfonamido)quinoline of the structure
2 - ~ CH2)b
- CH -~
D . (CH2)a ; ~
~ CH3
? where a + b equals 4.
EXAMPLE XII
Example II was essentially repeated using 28.8 g.
, . . .
(0.2 mole) 8-aminoquinollne, 50 ml. pyridine and~ 74.9 g. (0.2 ~ -
mole) pentadecylbenzenesulfonyl chloride (see Table 4 for the
preparation~of the sulfonyl chloride). Thère was obtaine`d 79.1
g. of 8-(pen~adecylbenzenesulfonamido)quinoline having the
structure ~
N ~ ~ pentadecyl ~ ;
~ NHS02 - ~ -
~ . .
- 31 -
.: : . : . .
10901~5
EXAM_LE XIII
Example II was essentially repeated using 36 g. (0.25
mole) 8-aminoquinoline, 100 ml. pyridine and 100 g. (0.25 mole)
p-n-hexadecylbenzenesulfonyl chloride (see Table 3 above).
There was obtained 24.6 g. (approximately 2/3 of reaction mix-
ture was lost when a stop cock came out of a separatory funnel)
of a yellow oil which crystallized. The product was 8-(p-n- ,
hexadecylbenzenesulfonamido)quinoline having the structure:
~ n-hexadecyl
NHg2
EXAMPLE XIV ,-
Example XIII was essentially repeated using 22.68 g.
.. . . . ..
(0.157 mole) 8-aminoquinoline, 75 ml. pyridine and 63 g. (0.157 ~ ' ,
mole) hexadecylbenzenesulfonyl chloride prepared as in Table 3 ";~
,from the hexadecylbenzene of Table 1. There was obtained 49.25
g. (62% yield) of a golden oil which was 8-(hexadecylbenzene- , '~,,;`
sulfonamido)quinoline of the structure
~ ~ hexadecyl
,,
, EX,AMPLE XV
Example II was essentially repeated~using 28.8 g.
(0.2 mole) 8-aminoquinoline, 75 ml. pyridine and 60.4 g. (O.Z
mole) 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzenesulfonyl chloride. There was
obtained 71.4 g. of a purplish white solid which was 8-(2,4,6-
triisopropylbenzenesulfonamido)quinoline of the structure
~ - 32 -
' ~ ' ' : :
~0901~5
~ ~ CH3 CH3
NHS02 ~ ~3 - C\CH3
CH
CH8 CH8
EXAMPLE XVI
Part A - Prepara_ion of 2-methyl-8-aminoquinoline
To a cooled solution of 560 g.sodiu~-metabisulfite in
1 liter of water was added 290 ml. ammonium hydroxide. This
mixture was placed in a two liter stainless steel pressure
reactor and 200 g. 8-hydroxyquinaldine was then added and the
mixture was allowed to stand overnight. The reactor was sealed
and heated to 150C. The reaction mixture was then stirred at
150C. for seven hours during which period the pressure rose
to 50 p.s.i.g. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool over-
night with stirring and then the reactor was heated to 80C.
After reaching this temperature, the reactor was drained and
washed with one liter of benzene at 70-80C. The benzene solu-
tion was added to the reaction mixture. The mixture was fil-
tered and the phases separated. The organic was washed with
dilute aqueous NaOH, then brine, dried over Na2SO4 and stripped
of solvent to yield 84 g. of crude product. This was vacuum
distilled to yield SO g. of a yellow solid which was 2-methyl-~
8-aminoquinoline (also termed ô-aminoquinaldine-).
Part B - Preparation of 8-(dodecylbenzenesulfonamido)
-2-methylquinoline ~
Example II was essentially repeated using 79.8 g.
(0.505 mole) of 2-methyl-8-aminoquinoline as prepared in Part
A of this Example, 100 ml. pyridine in combination with 200 ml.
toluene and 173.7 g. (0.505 mole) dodecylbenzenesulfonyl chloride
- 33 -
.
., ., ~ . .. ~ , . .
10901~5
as prepared in Table 4 above. The product was 8-(dodecylbenzene-
sulfonamido)-2-methylquinoline having the structure
~1 :
~ N ~ dodecyl
CH3 NHSO2 -
EXAMPLE XVII
Example XVI, Part B was essentially repeated using ~-~
25 g. (.158 mole) 2-methyl-8-aminoquinoline, 125 ml. pyridine
and 52.3 g. (.158 mole) decylmethylbenzenesulfonyl chloride as
prepared in Run B of Table 2. There was obtained 63.7 g. of
8-(decylmethylbenzenesulfonamido)-2-methylquinoline having the
structure
~ ~ methyl
CH3 NHSO2 -
- decyl
EXAMPLE XVIII -
.
- Part A~- Preparation of 8-Amino-6-methylqulnollne
Thirty g. 8-nitro-6-methylquinoline (prepared by the
procedure of F. Richter and G. F. Smith, JACS, 66, 396 (1944)~
was dissolved in 30 ml. ethylacetate, 50 ml. absolute ethanol
and 50 ml. ethyl ether. This was divided into two parts and
0.4 g. PtO2 added-to each portion. Both were hydrogenated in a ~ ~ ;
Parr shaker. Lots 1 and 2 were combined and distilled at pot -
temperatures of 110-190C. (0.45 mm Hg.). There was obtained
20.7 g. of high purity 8-amino-6-methylquinoline.
Part B - Pre~aration of 8-(decylmethylbenzenesulfonamido)
-6-methylg,ulnollne
Example II was essentially repeated using 19.4 g.
(0.123 mole~ of 8-amino-6-methylquinoline as prepared in Part A
of this Example, 100 ml. pyridine and 41.3 g. (0.125 mole~
decylmethylbenzenesulfonyl chloride as prepared in Run A of
Table 2 above. There was obtained 51.4 g. of a light colored
.
~ - 34 -
. .
109~5
oil which was 8-(decylmethylbenzenesulfonamido)-6-methylquinoline
of the structure ~ CH3
~ N ~ methyl
NHS0 2 ~
decyl
EXAMPLE XIX
Example XVIII, Part B was essentially repeated using
25 g. (0.14 mole) 8-amino-6-methoxyquinoline (available from
Aldrich Chemical), 100 ml. pyridine and 47.3 g. (0.14 mole) of
the decylmethylbenzenesulfonyl chloride. There was obtained
58.6 g. of a dark oil which was 8-tdecylmethylbenzenesulfonamido)
-6-methoxyquinoline having the structure
~ OCH3
(`N ~ methyl
NHS02 ~
~ ` decyl
- EXAMPLE XX
Part A - Preparation of 8-amino-5-nitroquinoline
To a five liter round bottom flask fitted with an air
stirrer, condenser, addition funnel, thermometer and hot water
bath were charged 40 g. (.23 mole) 5-nitroquinoline and 100 g.
(1.44 mole) hydroxylamine hydrochloride. Then 1950 ml. of 95%
EtOH was added and the solids dissolved after which 200 g. KOH
in 1200 ml. MeOH was added over a 50 minute period at 54-57C.
The mixture was allowed to stir at 55C. for an additional hour
and then dumped into ten liters of water, allowed to cool and
filtered. An orange solid was crystallized out of 95% ethanol.
Such product was 8-amino-5-nitroquinoline.
Part B - Preparation of 8-(decylmethylbenzenesulfonamido)
-5-nitroquinoline
Example II was essentially repeated using 18.9 g.
(0.1 mole) 8-amino-5-nitroquinoline, 60 ml. pyridine and 36 g.
- 35 -
.
.. . .
.
lO9~ 1S
(0.1 mole) decylmethylbenzenesulfonyl chloride as prepared in
Run A of Table 2 above. Addi-tionally, the reaction was heated
at 80-85C. for 22-24 hours in contrast to the shorter heating
period in Example II. There was obtained 13 g. of a dark oil
which was 8-(decylmethylbenzenesulfonamido)-5-nitroquinoline of
the formula ~2
methyl ~ ~
NHSO4 - ~ -
~==;r`decyl ''~ ~ "
EXAMPLE XXI
Part A - Preparation of 8-Amino-5,7-dichloroquinoline
Chlorine gas was bubbled through a solution of 10 g.
8-aminoquinoline in 50 ml. of glacial acetic acid while the '
temperature was maintained at 40-50C. by cooling. The C12, ;,
flow was stopped when the exotherming ceased (a total of 16.5 ~ -,
.
g. C12 was added). The red precipitate was filtered from the
, reaction mixture and slurried with 100 ml. of 2% by weight
aqueous NaOH and 300 ml. of ethyl ether. This mixture was
' filtered and the phases separated. The ether phase was washed
with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and evaporated to dry-
ness to yield 5.6 g. crude product which was then recrystallized
out of an ether-Skelly C mixture. There was obtained 5.1 g. of ~,
tan to brownish~needles (melting point 121-123C.) which was,
8-amino-5,7-dichloroquinoline.
Part B -,Preparation of_8-(decylmethylbenzenesulfonamido)`
-5,7-dlchloroauinoline
., ~
Example XX, Part B was essentially repeated using 7.2
g. (0.034 mole) 8-amino-5,7-dichloroquinoline as prepared in
Part A of this Example, 25 ml. pyridine and 11.9 g. (0.036 mole)
decylmethylbenzenesulfonyl chloride as prepared in Run B of
Table 2 above. There was obtained 12.2 g. of a reddish oil
which was 8-(decylmethylbenzenesulfonamido)-5,7-dichloroquinoline
- 36 -
'";~''' ' ' ' ''
.~': '. , . , :, -
1()901'15
having the structure Cl
methyl
N ~ Cl ~
decyl
EXAMPLE XXII
Part A - Pre~aration of p-Dodecylphenylmethanesulfonyl chloride
A mixture of 147 g. (0.5 mole) dodecylbenzyl chloride
(available as Conoco DBCl from Continental Oil Co. with the
dodecyl group being a branched chain hard alkylate group), 79 g.
(0.5 mole) anhydrous sodium thiosulfate, 250 ml. methanol, -
and 250 ml. distilled water was heated to reflux for three hours
while stirring. Volatiles (about 75 ml.) were distilled off
under aspirator vacuum until excessive foaming was encountered.
The reaction mixture was transferred to a two liter flask fitted
with a dry ice condenser, thermometer, mechanical stirrer and
gas dispersion tube. The flask was cooled to 0C. with an ice
bath and then 250 ml. glacial acetic acid and 500 g. ice were
added. Chlorine gas was bubbled in at a minimum rate to maintain
a minimum amount of C12 refluxing in the flask. The temperature
was maintained at 10C. or less (C12 bubbled in for one hour).
Five hundred ml. Skelly C were then added, the reaction mixture
was stirred and the phases were separated. The organic phase
was washed with 500 ml. of 5.0% by weight aqueous NaHSO3, then
with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated to give a golden
oil. This product was partially purified by molecular distil-
~ation to yield p-dodecylphenylmethanesulfonyl chloride (approxi-
mate purity of 5 0% ) .
Part ~ - Preparation of 8-(dodecylphenylmethanesulfonamido)-
The crude sulfonyl chloride as prepared in Part A of
this Example was added dlrectly to a stirring solution of
- 37 -
,
lO9~ S
8-aminoquinoline tO.064 m) and triethylamine (0.07 m) in 25 ml.
of 1,1,2-trichloroethane at 5-10C. The temperature was main-
tained at 5-10C. during the addition and then allowed to warm .
to room temperature. After stirring for 2 hours at room tem~
perature, the reaction mixture was heated to 60C. The reaction -
mixture was poured into 200 ml. of water and 300 ml. of Skelly
C. After shaking, the phases were separated. The organic
phase was washed three times with lOD ml. of 5% by weight of
NaHCO3 in 30~ MeOH-H2O, three times with 100 ml. of 25 g./l.
sulfuric acid, repeat of bicarbonate washes, and finally with
brine. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and
evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The reddish oil (50.4 gm;
~30-50% sulfonamide by IRj was further purified by molecular
distillation followed by column chromatography on silica gel
to yield a viscous oil (8.2 gm., ~75~ sulfonamide3. The com- ~ -
pound had the structure
~U52 C~ dode-yl
EXAMPLE XXIII
Example II was essentially repeated using 22.1 g.
(0.154 mole) 8-aminoquinoline, 75 ml. pyridine and 50 g. (0.154
mole) n-hexadecanesulfonyl chloride. There was obtained 60.7 g.
of 8-(n-hexadecanesulfonamido)quinoline having the formula
NHS02-(CH2)15CH3
EXAMPLE XXIV
Part A - Preparation of 2-Ethylhexane-l-sulfonyl chloride
A mixture of 57.9 g. (0.3 mole) 2-ethylhexyl-1-bromide,
- 38 -
-r . .
"'' ~ ' ' . , ,
.,, '
109~)145
22.8 g. (0.3 mole) thiourea and 75 ml. absolute ethanol was
allowed to stir at reflux for approximately 20 hours. After
cooling overnight, the ethanol was evaporated in vacuo to yield
a waxy white solid. This was dissolved in 250 ml. 80C. water --
and 40~ aqueous NaOH was added until no further white cloudi- -
ness formed in the aqueous. The oily product was separated
and dissolved in 75 ml. acetic acid and 25 ml. water. This was
cooled to 0C. and C12 was bubbled in until the oxidation re-
action was complete (total C12 use was 80.2 g.). The resulting
colorless oll was 2-ethylhexane-1-sulfonyl chloride.
Part B - Preparation of 8-(2-ethylhexanesulfonamido)quinoline
- Example II was essentially repeated using 43.2 g.
~0.3 mole) 8-aminoquinoline, 200 ml. pyridine and the total
amount of sulfonyl chloride as prepared in Part A of~this Example.
--~ There was obtained 40.2 g. of product which was 8-(2-ethylhexane-
.
sulfonamido)quinoline having the structure
CH
N ~ CH2
NHso2-cH2-cH-~cH2)3cH3
EXAMPLE XXV ~;.
Part A - P = of Isodecyl Bromide ~
One hundred ninety six g. (0.72 mole) PBr3 was added ~ -
slowly with stirring to 316 g. (2.0 mole) isodecanol ~available
from Union Carbide and is a mixture of isomeric alcohols con- ~;i
taining ten carbon atoms) while maintaining the temperature ~-~
~below 0C. After addition of the PBr3 was complete, the reaction ~-
mixture was allowed to warm to room temperaturè while stirring ;
was continued. The reaction mixture was allowed to stand over-
night after attaching a drying tube to the reaction equipment.
The crude product was distilled off at 60-65C. (0.45 mm Hg.),
washed two tlmes with cold H2SO4 (density = 1.84), two times with
.
- - 39 -
~: . , ... , . : , -
, .............. ..
: .
1~9~145
50% MeOH-NH3 and one time with brine, and dried over CaC12. The
product was then further distilled to yield a 244.1 g. fraction
(pot temp. - 70C., pressure - 0.45 mm Hg. and head temp. -
48C.) of isodecylbromide.
Part B - Preparation of_Isodecanesulfonyl chloride
A mixture of 110 g. (0.5 mole) of isodecylbromide as
prepared in Part A of this Example, 38 g. (0.5 mole) thiourea
and 250 ml. 95% ethanol was heated to reflux. Refluxing was
continued for eight hours and then the reaction mixture was
10 ~ooled and allowed to stir over the weekend. Approximately -
one hundred twenty five ml. ethanol was stripped off and a solu- -
tion of 30 g. NaOH in 200 ml. water was added. The reaction
mixture was again heated to reflux with stirring (three hours)
after which it was poured into 300 ml. water and extracted with
200 ml. diethyl ether. The ether extraat was dried over Na2SO4,
filtered and evaporated to a slightly pink oil. This oil was
dissolved in 250 ml. glacial acetic acid, 50 ml. of water was
added, the mixture was cooled to 0C. and sparging with C12 gas
was begun. Chlorine addition was very slow to avoid excessive
20 heat evolution (temperature was controlled at approximately 0C. ? . ~ -
Chlorine was added until a refluxing atmosphere of C12 was main-
tained for one hour (total C12 addition was 137 g.). Excess ~ -
C12 was removed by a N2 sparge into NaHSO3 solution. The re-
ac~ion mixture was poured into 500 ml. water and then extracted
with hexane. The hexane extract was washed two times with 5~ by
weight aqueous NaHSO3 and one time with brine, dried over Na2SO4,
filtered and evaporated in vacuo to a white oil. There was ob-
tained 107 g. o~ isodecanesulfonyl chloride.
-Part C - Preparation of 8-(Isodecanesulfonamido)quinoline
Example II was essentially repeated using 43.2 g.
(0.3 mole~ 8-aminoquinoline, 200 ml. pyridine and 72 g. (0.3
- 40 -
:. - ..
lO90~S
mole)of isodecanesulfonyl chloride as prepared in Part B of this
Example. There was obtained 92.0 g. of 8-(isodecanesulfonamido)- -
quinoline having the structure
~ :``
NHS02 - isodecyl
where the isodecyl group was characterized by NMR as follows:
CH2CH2(C8H17) where the C8H17 group is a mixture of branched
chain alkyl groups.
EXAMPLE XXVI
.
Part A -` PreRaration of Cl ~-Clfi alkenylsulfonyl chloride
A mixture of 84.3 g. (0.405 mole) PCl5 and 96.7 g.
(0.324 mole) of a sodium C14-C16 alkenyl sulfonate (Bio TergeR
AS-90F available from Stephan Chemical Co.) was placed in a 500
ml. three-neck round bottom flask fitted with a candenser and
mechanical stirrer. The mixture was heated on a steam ~one for
two hours with stirring. The initial reaction was very vigoraus
and exathermic. Additian of 50 ml. Skelly C was followed by
distillatian under water aspirator vacuum an the steam cane.
.
The residue was dissolved in 300 ml. Skelly C and the resulting
solution was filtered. The solution was evaporated in vacuo to
an oil (62.5 g.) which was used in Part B of this Example.
quinoline ~ 14 16_~ alke-nylsulfo-n--amido)
. .
The sulfonyl chloride prepared in Part A was added ~ ~
sIowly to a stirring solution of 30.6 g. (0.212 mole) 8-amino- ~ -
quinaline in 100 ml. pyridine at a temperature af 10-20C. The
reaction mixture was allowed to stir overnight at room temper-
ature. It was then heated to 80C., 200 ml. of water was added,
and after 30 minutes 25 ml. of 28% aqueous ammonia was added.
The mixture was poured into 300 ml. of water and 500 ml. of
- 41 -
lV901~lS
Skelly C. The phases were separated and the organic phase was
washed with methanolic sodium bicarbonate and then with 25 g./l.
sulfuric acid. The acid wash generated an emulsion, which was
allowed to break over the weekend. The organic was washed with
methanolic sodium bicarbonate until a good phase break was ob-
tained. The organic was then dried over anhydrous sodium sul-
fate, filtered, treated with 5 g. of norite, filtered and evaporated
to an oil. The oil wa~ passed through a 100 g. silica gel column
with 1 1. of Skelly C. The Skelly C was evaporated in vacuo to
41.8 g. of an oil. The oil was further purified by molecular
distillation. Some decomposition was evident during the-dis-
tillation. The distillation yielded 10.1 g. of an oil that was
estimated to be 60-65~ sulfonamide by IR and NMR. The sulfonamido-
quinoline active portion of the product had the formula
N -- ~ ;`~
NHS02-R : .,`
where R is the C14-C16 alkenyl group.
EXAMPLE XXVII
Example II was essentially repeated using 21.6 g. ~ ~ -
(0.15 mole) 8-aminoquinoline, 100 ml. pyridine and 31.8 g. ~-
(0.15 mole) n-octanesulfonyl chloride. There was obtained 39.2
g. of a yellow oil which was 8-tn-octanesulfonamido)quinoline
having the structure
NHS02 - ( CH2 ) 7CH 3
EXAMPLE XXVIII
Example II was essentially repeated using 45 g.
(0.26 mole) crude n-pentanesulfonyl chloride, 37.4 g. ~0.26
mole) 8-aminoquinoline and 150 ml. pyridine. There was obtained
. . .
- 42 -
i ,
:-
.
, - - .
lV9014S
35.6 g. of product which was 8-(n-pentanesulfonamido)quinoline
having the structure
NHS02-(CH2)4CH3 -
The Examples to follow show the use of sulfonamido- - -
quinolines in the extraction of metals from their aqueous solu-
tions in accordance with the present invention. Unless other-
wise indicated, the extractions were carried out in accordance
with the following process procedures.
Procedure 1
A 0.1 molar solution of the sulfonamidoquinoline in - ~ `
an identified essentially water-immiscible solvent is first
prepared. Five aqueous solutions of the following compositions -~
are used:
Metal Composition
Cu++ 0.05 M CuSO4 (3.2 g./l. Cu++),
0.4 M NH3, and 0.1 M (NH4)2SO4 ~ ~ `
Ni++ 0.05 M NiSO4 (2.9 g./l. Ni++),
0.4 M NH3, and 0.1 _ (NH4)2SO4
Zn++ 0.05 M ZnSO4 (3.2 g./l. Zn++),
0.4 M NH3, and O.l M (NH4)2SO4 -
Co++ 0.025 M CoSQ4 (1.5 g./l. Co++), ~-:
1.7 M NH3, and 0.1 M (NH4)2so4
- prepared as needed under an
; atmosphere of nitrogen
Co+++ 0.025 M CoSO4 (1.5 g./1. Co++), ~ -
- 1.7 M NH3, and 0.1 M (NH4)2CO3
(air oxidiæd to Co+++)
Portions of the organic solution are shaken with the various
aqueous solutions at an organic:aqueous phase ratio of 1:1 for
~ 30 one hour at ambient temperature. The organic phases are then
;; analyzed for metal content. If a third phase is present, both ~ ~
the organic and aqueous phases are clarified and analyzed. - ~--
Procedure 2
In this procedure, the purpose is to determine the
,
,
lO901~S
extent of extraction of various metal ions as a function of pH
over the pH range 1-6. A 0.1 molar solution of the sulfonamido-
quinoline in an identified essentially water-immiscible organic
solvent is prepared as in Procedure 1. Portions thereof are
then contacted at an organic:aqueous phase ratio of 1:1 with
shaking for one hour at ambient temperature. The aqueous phases
are made up from equivolumes of two components:
Component A - 0.2 M metal sulfate solution in
water
Component B - water or sulfuric acid or sodium
hydroxide solutions ranging from
0.005 M to 0.5 M
Several extractions are performed at varying pH values. The
first is done using water as component B. After determining
raffinate pH, Component B is then selected such that raffinate-
pH values range from about 1 to 6 in units of approximately 1.
By analyzing the organic phases for metal extraction and the
aqueous for pH, data is generated which gives the degree of
metal extraction as a function of pH for the particular system
under study.
Procedure 3
The ob]ective of this process procedure is to deter-
mine the extent of extraction of the various metal ions as a
function of total ammonia concentration in the aqueous phase.
Organic solutions of the sulfonamidoquinoline are prepared as
in the previous procedures and contacted with shaking at 1:1
organic:aqueous phase ratios for one hour at ambient temperatures
with aqueous solutions made up as follows:
- 44 -
... ...
10901~5
Metal
Aqueous Sulfate NH3 (NHL~ ) 2SOL~ Total NH3
Solution conc. conc. corlc. conc.
.... ..
0.005M 0.60M 0.15M 0.90M (15.3 g./l.)
2 0.005M 1.20M 0.30M 1.80M (30.6 g./l.)
3 0.005M 2.40M 0.60M 3.60M (61.2 g./l.)
4 0.005M 3.60M 0.90M 5.40M (91.8 g./l.)
0.005M 4.80M 1.20M 7.20M (122.4 g./l.)
6 0.005M 6.00M 1.50M 9. OOM ( 153.0 g./l.)
The separated organic and aqueous phases are analyzed for metal
concentration. The effect of increasing ammonia concentration
on degree of extraction can thus be determined.
Procedure 4
The objeci-i.ve of this procedure is three-fold: (1)
To determine the extent of metal stripping as a function of ;
acid concentration; (2) To determine the extent of ammonia
loading during extraction; and~(3) To determine the extent of
acid loading during stripping. Organic solvent solutions are
prepared as in the other procedures and the following aqueous
20 solutions are prepared:
A. 0.lM metal sulfate, 0.6M NH3 and 0.lSM (NH4)2SO4
B. Five solutions containing 25, 50, 75, 100 and
150 g./1. H2SO4, respectively.
In the first step, the sulfonamidoquinoline solution is contacted
with aqueous solution A at an organic:aqueous phase ratio of 1: 2
with shaking for one hour at ambient temperatures. The phases ;;
are separated and the loaded organic contacted a second time as
indicated with fresh aqueous Solution A. The resulting separated ;-
organic phase is analyzed for metal concentration. It is di~
30 vided into five portions, each of which is shaken with one of ~
the five aqueous B solutions (organic:aqueous phase ratio of -
1:1, contact time - one hour~. The phases are separated and the
- 45 -
; .. . . .. . .
.. ~, ' - ' ~ -
10901~
organics are analyzed for metal con~tent, the aqueous for NH3.
The stripped organics are then washed with water at an organic:
aqueous phase ratio of 1:1 (contact time - 1 hour). The aqueous
wash solutions are then analyzed for H2SO4.
EXAMPLE A
A 0.1M solution of the 8-(dodecylbenzenesulfonamido)-
quinoline of Example I B in an aromatic kerosene (Aromatic lSO)
was first prepared. This was then used in accordance with
Procedure 1 and the following results were obtained:
Metal Organic g.!l. metal
Co+3 0.0170 ~-
Cu++ 3.06
Ni++ 2.75
Zn++ 3.87
This same process when run with a solution of the suIfonamido-
quinoline in an aliphatic kerosene ~Kermac 470 B) gave good
extraction of Co++ (1.35 g./l.) but precipitates formed with
Cu++ and Ni++ and the organic phase gelled with Zn++. Thus
for this sulfonamidoquinoline, a more aromatic solvent yields
best results.
The Aromatic 150 solution of the 8-(dodecylbenzene-
sulfonamido)quinoline was used in accordance with process Pro-
cedure 2 to study the pH isotherms for Cu+~, Zn++, Co++, Fe+++,
and Ni++. Results are set forth in the following Tables A-l -
through A-5. In all cases, 10 ml.-of the sulfonamidoquinoline
solution and 5 ml. of the 0.2M metal sulfate solutions were
used with varying amounts (in milliliters) of water and NaOH
- and/or H2S04 solutions as indicated.
- 46 -
- .
losnl~s
Table A-l - Cu++
. _ .
E~ctracted Cu++
NaOH H2S04 Agueous Organic
H200.1M 0.5M0. iM 0.5M pH g . /1.
5.0 o 0 o 0 1.56 2.45
4.5 0.5 o 0 0 1.69 2.53
4.0 1.0 0 0 0 1.63 2.55
3.5 1.5 0 0 0 1.66 2.54
3.0 2.0 0 0 0 1.67 2.58
4.5 o O 0.5 0 1.54 2.43
O 5.0 0 0 0 1.98 2.88
3.0 0 2.0 0 o 4.40* 3.
3.0 0 0 2.0 0 1.44 2.25
3.5 0 0 O 1.5 2.24 2.94
3.0 0 O 0 2.0 0.83 1.62
1.0 0 0 0 4.0 0.60 1.02 - ~--
*Slight precipitate observed -
Table A-2 - Zn++
E~racted Zn++
2 0 NaOH _ H2SO4 Aqueous Organic
H20o.iM 0.-5M 0.~M ~ 0.5MpH _ g./l.
- 5 0 0 3.03 0.116
0 5 0 0 0 4.10 2.04
0 0 0 5 0 1.21 0.00054
4 0 0 1 0 2.23 0.00203 ~
2 0 0 3 0 1.73 0.0004 -:
3 0 0 0 2 1.12 0.00074
4 1 0 n 0 3.59 0.461 ~ `
2 3 0 0 O 3.96 1.20
3 0 2 0 0 6.18~: 3.40
*Some precipitate observed
i ,,
-- 47 --
.
, ~:, ~, . - :
1()901~5
Table A-3 -_Co++
Extracted Co++
NaOH H2SO4 Aqueous Organic
H~O 0.1M 0 5M 0 lM 0.5M pH g./l.
o 0 0 0 3.48 0.0028
o 5 0 0 0 5.21 1.46
0 0 0 5 0 1.29 0.0002
3 0 2 0 0 7.25* 2.72
2 3 0 0 0 5.41 0.860
4 1 0 0 0 4.94 0.275
3 0 0 0 2 1.17 0.0002
2 0 0 3 0 1.70 0.0008
4 0 0 1 0 2.18 <0.0002
*Scme precipitate observed
Table A-4 - Fe+++
Extracted Fe+++
NaOH H2S04 Aqueous Organic
H20 0.1M O.SM 0.1M 0.5M pH g./l.
.
0 0 0 0 1.77 0.00017
0 5 0 0 0 2.26* 0.00033
0 0 0 5 0 1.19 0.00011 --
3 0 2 0 0 2.44~: 0.00045
1 0 4 0 0 2. 59* 0.00063
3 0 0 0 2 0.90 0.00012
*Precipitate observed
Table A-5 - Ni++
NaOH H2SO4 Extracted Ni++
H2O 0.1M 0.1M Aqueous pH Organic ? g./l.
5.0 0 0 3.51 0.0425 --
2.0 3.0 0 7.11 0.840
3.0 2.0 0 4.83 0.610
3.5 1.5 0 4-33 0 477
- 48 -
'~ ,
.
10901~5
4 5 o 5 0 3.93 0.183
4.75 0.250 3.74 0.101
0 05.0 1.33 0.0002
3.0 02.0 1.67 o.oon3
4.0 01.0 -- 0-0004
The data of Tables A-l through A-5 show extractions for Cu++, -
Co++, Zn++ and Ni++ and substantially no extraction of Fe+++ -
indicating excellent selectivity of Cu+t, ~or example, over
Fe+++ at relatively low pH's.
The process of Procedure 3 was also used with the
8-(dodecylbenzenesulfonamido)quinoline solution (Aromatic 150).
Results are set forth in the following Tables A-6 through A-8:
Table A-6_- Cu++
Metal Concentration (g.~
Loaded O~anic Aqueous Raffinate
0.317 0.0002 --`
0.314 0.0002 -
0.310 0.0002 -
0.316 0.0002
0.322 0.0006 ~ -
0.302 0.0014 `~
Table A-7 - Ni++
. _ ~
Metal Concentration (g.~
Loaded Organic Aq~ous Raffinate
0.299 0.0003 -
0.299 0.0012
0.305 0.0032
0.278 0.03~2
0.202 0.118
0.140 0.184
: ~ .
i: :
~,
- 49 -
. . ~ : . .
,
-
. ~ .
lO90~S
Table A-8 - Zn++
Metal Concentration (g./l.)
Loaded Organic Aqueous Raffinate
0.456 <0. 0005
0.445 <0.0005
0.448 0.0029
0.424 0. 0150
0.414 0.0346
0.379 0.0710
The process of Procedure 4 was also followed with the
Aromatic 150 solution of the 8-(dodecylbenzenesulfonamido)-
quinoline in respect of Cu++, Ni++ and Zn++. Results are set
forth in the following Tables A-9 through A-ll:
, . .
Table A-9 - Cu++
,
Loaded Organic From Step 2 - 2.99 g./l. Cu++
- Strip Stripped Washed
Solution Org.Aqueous Org. Wash ~`
g.~l. g./l.Raffinate g./l. Solution
H2SO4 Cu++__NH~-M Cu++ H2SO4-N*
1.15 0.002 1.15 <0.001
0.563 0.003 0.560 "
0.267 0.003 0.253 "
100 0.144 O.010 0.143 " -
150 ~0.05 0.003 0.0580 "
*Nonnality
Table A-10 - Ni++
:- :
Loaded Or~anic From Step _2 - 2.80 g./1. Ni++
Strip Stripped Washed
~; Solution Org.Aqueous Org. Wash
g./l. g./l.Raffinate g./l. Solution
_H2SO4_ Ni++ --NH3-M Ni++ ~2So4-N
0.294 0.068 -- <0.001
0.050 0.069 0.0875 "
0.00070.067 0.0012 "
- 50 -
.... ~ . ...
: . : - - `` . : : . . .
. . . .
~ ~` ` . .
lO9Vi~S
100 0.0012 0.067 0.0016 <0.001
150 0.0005 0.067 0.0006 "
Table A~ Zn+~
Loaded Organic From Step 2 - 3.92 g./l. Zn +
StripStripped Washed
Solution Org. Aqueous Crg. Wash
g./l. g./l. Raffinate g./l. Solution
H2~4 Zn++ NH3-MZn++_ H2S04-N
O.OCl9 0.0200.0007<0.001
SO O.Oal4 0.0210.0008 "
0.0010 0.0200.0006 " ::
100 0.0009 0.0200.0005 "
150 0.0009 0.0180.0008 " -
The above data show that the metal values are readily stripped -
from the loaded organic and that the 8-tdodecylbenzenesulfonamido)-
quinoline loads very little sulfuric acid.
In processes as described above in thls Example, the -~
solubility of certain metal complexes, especially zinc, is best
by using the 8-(dodecylbenzenesulfonamido)quinoline of Example
I-A or I-B instead of I-C. In this respect, the branching in
the dodecyl group is different as generally described herein-
above.
EXAMPLE B
A O.lM solution of the a- ( decylmethylbenzenesulfonamido)-
quinoline of Example II in Kermac 470B aliphatic kerosene was
first prepared. This was then used in accordance with process
Procedure 1 and the following results were obtained:
Table B-l
Metal Organic, g./l, metal
; 30 Cu++ 3.04
: ~ - Ni++
Co++ 1.46
- - 51 -
... , ~ ,
~'. , - , '
109014S
Co+++ <o . ooo s
Zn++ 2.99
~:The starting aqueous contained 2.69 g.il.
Ni++. There was some precipitate so the
aqueous raffinate was analyzed rather than
the organic. The raffinate contained only
0.0080 g./l. Ni++. Subsequent tests with
Ni++ showed little or no precipitation.
The aliphatic kerosene (Kermac 470B) solution of the -
sulfonamidoquinoline of Example II was also used in accordance
with process Procedure 2 to study the pH isotherms for Cu+~,
Ni++, Co++, Zn++ and Fe+++. Results are set forth in the
following Table B-2 (same quantities of phases and the like as ~
in Example A above except herein the equivolume of aqueous phase
mixed with the metal containing solution is indicated as being
H2O or specified molarities of NaOH or H2SO4):
Table B-2 - Cu++
_,
pH Extracted Metal
-- Adjusting Aqueous Organic
Metal Solution pH g./l.
Cu+~ 0.5M H2SO40.66 0.565
0.1M H2SO41.17 1.98
0.05M ~ 1.22 1.98
H2O 1. 3a 2.30
" 0.00SM NaOH 1.41 2.34
" 0.05M NaOH1.68 2.46
" 0.lM NaOH1.77 2.65
Ni++ 0.5M H2SO4- 0.60 <0.000$
0.1M H2S41.59 <0.0005
" 0.05M H2SO4 1.68 <0.0005
" H20 - 3.92 0.0057
" 0.005M NaOH 4.77 0.0785
" 0.05~ NaOH6.76~: 0.397
'
- 52 -
; ~
lO901~S >
Co++ 0.5M H2SO4 0.59 <0.0005
0.lM H2SO4 1.59 <0.0005
" 0.05M H2SO4 1.67 ~0.0005
" H2O 3.38 <0.0005 ;
" 0.005M NaOH 4.73 Ø0510
" 0.05M NaOH 5.54 0.635
" 0.lM NaOH 7.00* 1.00 -
Zn++ 0.5M H2SO4 0.6 <0.0005 -
" 0.lM H2SO4 1.57 <0.0005 ~ .
,; .
~ 0.05M H2SO4 1.67 <0.0005
H2O 3.36 0.0501
" 0.005M NaOH 3.54 0.113 -
- " 0.05M NaOH 4.03 0.780 ~ ~ -
. ~r 0.lM NaOH 4.34 1.52 -
Fe+++ (at pH's 0.59 - 2.00+ - less-than 0.-O005
g./l. Fe+~+ extracted)
* Precipitate in aqueous observed at this pH
indicating that the metal oxide was preci-
pitating
Similarly when the 8-(decylmethylbenzenesulfonamido)-~
quinoline is dissolved in Aromatic 150 and used according to the
~. .
Procedure 2 process, cadmium is extracted as follows:
Table B-3 - Cd++ ~ ~
pH ExtractedCd++ . ~ ~-
AdjustingAqueousOrganic -
Solution pH g./l._
0.5M H2SO4 0.82~ 0.00015 ~~
~,........ . .
0.1M H2S41.760.00028
~ H2O 4.100.00240
0.05M NaOH 5.52 1.21
0.lM NaOH5.89* 1.53
*See footnote to Table B-2
.
- 53 -
.......... .. . . .
~ . f ~
~09V145
The process of Procedure 3 was used with the aliphatic
kerosene (Kermac 470B) solution of 8-(decylmethylbenzenesulfon-
amido)quinoline. Results are set forth in the following Table
B-4:
Table B-4
Metal Metal Concentration In Organic g./l.
Cu++ 0.315
" 0.315
" 0.306
" 0.316
0.318
" 0.319
Ni++ 0.296
'
: : 0-300 ~ ~:
,309
" 0.283 .
: " 0 230
Zn++ 0.343
" 0.346
: " 0,334 ~ :
" 0.308
- 0.2Sg ' ' ~
" 0.211 - - ~ -
Procedure 4 processing was followed with the aliphatic
kerosene-sulfonamido solution with results being set forth in -
the following Tables (stripped organic, NH3 in raffinate and
pH of water wash data only were collected):
:
: :~
- 54 -
. . .~ ~ , , - '' ' . ,''; ' ;
:'- '.
109(~5 i ~
Table B-5
Loaded Organic From Step 2 - 3.04 g./l. Cu++
Stripped Aqueous Wash
Strip Solution Organic Raffinate Solution
g./l H?so4g./l. Cu++ NH3-M pH
0.895 0.0043 7.7 -
.. ~ .
0.311 0.0052 7.4
0.124 0.0026 7.2
100 0.075 0.0030 7.1
150 0.008 0.0060 6.6
Table B-6 - Ni++
Loaded Organic*From Step 2 - about ?.5 $~/1. Ni++
Stripped Aqueous Wash
Strip Solution Organic Raffinate Solution
g./l H~SO~Ig./l. Ni++ NH~-M pH
<0.0005 0.036 7.4 `
.~ ., .,, ,. . ~
" 0.0037 7.5 - -
" 0.033 7 3 ~-
100 " 0.0037 7.1 - ~
~150 " 0.030 8.1 ,
* The starting loaded organic was not analyzed,
; thus the Ni++ content was estimated.
Table B-7_- Zn++
Loaded Or~ ~ 2.99 g./l. Zn++
StrippedAqueous Wash -~
Strip SolutionOrganic Raffinate Solution
g-/l. H2SO4 g./l. Zn++ NH3-M pH
. .
<0.0005 0.011 7.6
" 0.014 6.8
-.
30 - 75 " 0.012 7.3
100 " 0.014 7.3
150 " 0.012 7.3
To further check the low sulfuric acid loading pro-
perty of the sulfonamidoquinolines, the 0.lM solution of
- 55 -
~.. .. ,, , . . . , ~, ~ , .............. .
;.. ,~ . ~ , - . .
~ .",: , ,:
,,, ` . .
109~14S
8-(decylmethylbenzenesulfonamido)quinoline in Kermac 470B kero-
sene was contacted (one ho~r, organic:aqueous phase ratio of
2:1) with H2SO4 stripping solutions. This was followed by
water washing and pH analysis of the wash solution. Results
were as follows:
Table B-8
Aqueous g./l. H2SO4 Water Wash pH
100 5.38
150 5.83
200 4.90
250 4.42
In a further process to determine the kinetics of
loading and stripping of Cu++, a 4% wt./vol. solution of the
8-(decylmethylbenzenesulfonamido)quinoline of Example II in
Kermac 470B was contacted at a 1:1 organic:aqueous phase ratio -~
with an aqueous solution containing 4.0 g./l. Cu++ (as CuSO4) -~
and 4.0 g./l. Fe+++ (as Fe2(SO4)3) adjusted to a pH of 1.9 and
samples were removed for analysis at designated times. Like-
wise, a Cu++ loaded organic was contacted with an aqueous
stripping solution which initially contained 28 g./l. Cu++ (as
CuSO4) and 148 g./l. H2SO4 (organic:aqueous phase ratio of 1:1)
and samples were also removed at designated time periods. The
extraction and stripping were carried out in a mixer box having
inside dimensions of 2 1/4 x 2 1/4 by 4 inches and mixing was
provided by a 1 1/4 inch impellor spinning at 2000 rpm. Under -~
these conditions both the extraction and stripping were at 95%
equilibrium in 45 seconds. The results are set forth in Table
B-9 which follows: -~
: ,
. .. . . . ~
. " ', ~ ': . ~
lf~9V1~5
Table B-9
Loading Stripping
Organic Organic
Time g./l. Cu++ g./l. Fe+++ g /1. Cu++
o 0.04 <0.0005tl) 2.47
15 sec. 1.49 " ~ 0.76
30 " 1.71 " 0.34
45 " 1.80 " 0.18
60 " 1.87 " 0.11
90 " 1.89 " 0.06
2 min. 1.90 " 0.05
3 " 1.90 ~ 0 05
4 " 1.90 " o 05
(1) Detectability limit for Fe+++
Cu+~ is readily recovered from the aqueous strip solution in a -
~purity of-99~% by electrolysis.
EXAMPLE C
The process Procedure 1 was essentially followed for
Cu++ and Zn++ extractions except that the 8-(decylethylbenzene-
20 sulfonamido)quinoline of Example III was used as 5, 10 and 15%
wt./vol. solutions in aliphatic kerosene (Kermac 470B), and
,
such solutions were contacted with the aqueous metal containing
;~ solutions two times for 15-20 minutes each time to ensure maxi-
mum loading. Results are set forth in the following Table C: -
Table C
~- Reagent Loaded Organic
Metal Concentration g./l. Metal
;~ Cu++ 5 2.83
" 10 5.41
" 15 ~ 8.25
~ Zn++ 5 2.82
:: . . .
: ~ lo 5 . go
8.30
.
- 57 -
~ .- , ,
iO9~ S
The 15% zinc loaded organic was washed once at an organic:
aqueous phase ratio of 1:1 for 15 minutes with lM (NH4)2SO4.
The pH of the aqueous wash went from 5.7 to 8.1 and it had a
Zn content of 0.193 g./l. The organic phase was then con- -
tacted with 100 g./l. H2S04 to strip the zinc. The stripped
organic had a Zn++ content of <0.0005 g./l. and the aqueous
strip solution had an NH3 content of 0.026 M.
A corresponding 8-(decylethylbenzenesulfonamido)-
quinoline prepared ultimately from a decylethylbenzene wherein
the alkylation had been carried out at 0-5C. (see Table I)
yielded a Cu++ complex which caused gelling when aliphatic
kerosene (Kermac 470B) was used but which was readily soluble
in Aroma-~ic 150 kerosene.
EXAMPLE D
Example C was essentially repeated except using the
sulfonamidoquinoline of Example IV. The resulting Cu++ com-
plexes caused the kerosene solution to gel. The Zn+~ complexes
produced a hazy organic but the same analyzed 3.40 and 7.05
g./l. Zn++ at 5 and 10% wt./vol. concentrations, respectively.
20 The reagent and its Cu++ complex were soluble in Aromatic lS0 -
kerosene and the Procedure 1 process yielded a separated organic --~
which analyzed 3.06 g./1. Cu++ with no precipitation.
EXAMPLE E -
Example C was partially repeated except using the ~-
8-(octylmethylbenzenesulfonamido)quinoline of Example V. At
15% wt./vol. in Aromatic 150, the-reagent maximum loaded 9.80 -
g./l. Cu++ and 10.3 g./l. Zn~+. In Kermac 470B kerosene, pills
were formed during the extractions indicating partial insolu-
bility of the metal complexes.
EXAMPLE F
The process Procedure 1 was used with the
- 58 -
?
1090145
8-(nonylmethylbenzenesulfonamido)quinoline of Example VI in
Aromatic 150. Results were as follows:
Table F-l
Metal Organic g./l. Metal*
Cu++ 2.08
Ni++ 1.86
Co++ 1.76
Co+++ 0.00325
Zn++ 2.09
* Some emùlsion problems were encountered
thus the samples were centrifuged prior
to the analysis of the organic phases.
EXAMPLE G
A 10% wt./vol. solution of the 8-(decylisopropyl-
benzenesulfonamido)quinoline of Example VII in aliphatic kerosene
(Kermac 470B) was maximum loaded as in Example C with Cu++. The
organic phase analyzed 6.25 g./l. Cu++. The process Procedure 2
,!~
was also followed using a O.lM solution of the sulfonamido-
quinoline in the aliphatic kerosene. The 0.2_ CuSO4 aqueous
solution was mixed with pH adjusting solutions as indicated in
the following Table:
Table G-l
pH Aqueous
Adjusting RaffinateOrganic
Solution _ pH g./l. Cu +
.
- 0.5M H2504 0.47 0.411
O.lM H2S04 1.02 1.48
0.05M NaOH 1.61 2.27
EXAMPLE H
30 ~ The process of Procedure 1 was carried out with the
8-(diamylbenzenesulfonamido)quinoline of Example VIII dissolved
in Aromatic 150. Results are set forth in the following
Table H-l:
- 59 -
.~ . ,
'
S(~9Vl~a~
Table H-l
Metal Organic g./l. Metal
Cu++ 2 g0(l)
~i++ 2.47
Co+++ 0.0090
Co++ 1.74
Zn++ 3.31
(1) When a 5.0% wt./vol. solution of the
sulfonamidoquinoline in Aromatic 150
was contacted twice with the Cu++
aqueous solution 7 the organic ana-
lyzed 3.62 g./l. Cu++ but some pre-
cipitation was evident. Precipita-
tion was also evident when Kermac 470B
was substituted for Aromatic 150. When ~-
benzene was used as the solvent in the
Procedure 1 process with one contact
with the Cu++ solution, the separated
organic analyzed 2.99 g./l. Cu++ with
no precipitation.
- The Procedure 2 process was also followed using the Aromatic 150 -
solution with the 0.2M CuSO4 aqueous solution being mixed with
pH adjusting solutions as indicated in the following Table H-2:
Table H-2
pH Aqueous ~
AdjustingRaffinate Organic -`
Solution pH g./l. Cu++ ~-
0.5M H2SO40.49 0.148
0.1M H2S041.08 0.930
0.05M NaOH1.71 1.99
EXAMPLE J
:
Process Procedure 1 was used with a 0.lM solution of
the 8-(sec-amylbenzenesulfonamido)quinoline of Example IX in
benzene and the Cu++ containing aqueous solution. The resulting
organic phase analyzed 3.58 g./l. Cu++. In repeating Procedure
1 with a corresponding solution of the sulfonamidoquinoline of
Example IX in Aromatic 150, precipitates formed with Cu++ and
- 60 -
~" : ' , ,
,
, . .. .
S
also with Ni++ (the filtered organics analyzed 1.01 g./l. Cu++
and 0.396 g./l. Ni++, respectively) and an emulsion formed with
Zn++ (the organic analyzed 0.367 g./l. Zn++). Co++ did not form
a precipitate and the organic analyzed 1.70 g./l. Co++.
In comparison to the data of Examples Hand J, an
attempt was made to extract Cu++ in accordance with Procedure 1
with a O.lM solution of 8-(2,5-dimethylbenzenesulfonamido)-
quinoline in benzene. After contact for one hour, a granular
precipitate adhered to the sides of the sample bottle and phase
separation was slow. The aqueous was pipetted off and the
organic phase was again contacted with fresh Cu++ aqueous solu-
tion. After setting overnight, most of the resulting Cu++ com-
plex had settled out. When Aromatic 150 was substituted for the
benzene, the 8-(2,5-dimethylbenzenesulfonamido)quinoline dis-
solved with heating and initlally remained in solution after
cooling but crystals formed overnight. Prior to crystal forma-
tion, an attempt was made to maximum load the solution with Cu++
(2 contacts with the Cu++ aqueous solution of Procedure 1).
Precipitate formed and was filtered off and the organic analyzed
only 0.0610 g./l. Cu. Similarly, an attempt was made to dissolve
8-(4-methylbenzenesulfonamido)quinoline at a level of O.lM in
Aromatic 150. Even with heating and shaking, not all of the
compound went into solution. The excess was filtered off and
the resulting solution of unknown concentration (less than O~lM)
was used in the Procedure 1 process. Emulsions and precipitates
formed in all cases with Cu++, Ni++, Co++ and Zn++. The respective
organics after centrifuging analyzed 0.0985 g./l. Cu++, 0.0215
g./l. Ni++, 0.130 g./l. Co++ and 0.025 g./l. Zn++ When an
attempt was made to dissolve the 8-(4-methylbenzenesulfonamido)-
quinoline in benzene at a concentration of 0.1 molar, heating was
required and some of the compound crystallized out after cooling
- 61 -
.
;.- ~
; :.: - :
10~0145
overnight. The resulting organic was con-tacted with a Cu+~ con-
taining solution in accordance with Procedure 1. The separated
organic analyzed only 0.22 g./l. Cu++.
EXAMPLE K
The Procedure 1 process was carried out with the
8-(dinonylnaphthalenesulfonamido)quinoline of Example X dis-
solved in Kermac 470B kerosene at the 0.1M level. Results are
as follows: -
Table K-l
Metal Organic ~./1. Metal
Cu++ 2.19
Ni++ 1.91
Co~+ 1.35
Co+++ 0.0710
Zn++ 2.20
: ::
The process of Procedure 2 was also followed using -
a 0.15 molar aliphatic kerosene (Kermac 470B)-solution of the
reagent of Example X with the 0.2M CUSO4 aqueous solution being
mixed with pH adjusting solutions as indicated in the following
Table K-2:
Table K-2
pH Aqueous
AdjustingRaffinateOrganic
Solution pH g./l. Cu++
O.SM H25040.6 1.19
0.25M H2S04 0.7 1.32
0.lM H2SO41.1 1.70
H2O 1.3 2.40
0.005M NaOH 1.4 2.62
EXAMPLE L ;
Process Procedure 1 was used with a 0.lM solution of
the 8-(heptylbenzenesulfonamido)quinoline of Example XI in
- 62 -
.
- ~ ~
. .
1091)1~
benzene and the Cu~+ containing aqueous solution. The resulting
organic phase analyzed 3.28 g./l. Cu++ with some slight preci-
pitation evident which might be attributed to trace impurities.
When this was repeated with a 0.lM solution of the sulfonamido-
quinoline of Example XI in Aromatic 150 (two contacts with the
Cu++ containing aqueous solution) some granular precipitate
settled out of the organic upon standing overnight and the
organic analyzed 1.66 g./1. Cu+~.
EXAMP~E M
Procedure 1 was followed with the 8-(pentadecylbenzene-
sulfonamido)quinoline of Example XII dissolved in Aromatic 150.
Results were as follows:
Table M-1
Metal Organic g./l Metal
~; Cu+~ 3.26
Ni++ 2.83
Co++ 1~84 ~ -
~o+~+ 0.0053
Zn++ 3.25
In other tests according to Procedure 1 with the Cu++ aqueous
solution, a precipitate formed when the reagent of Example XII
was dissolved in Kermac 470B kerosene at 5~ wt./vol. However,
when 10% wt./vol. solutions in either 50:50 or 75:25 volume mix-
tures of Kermac 470B and Aromatic 150 were used, no precipitates
formed and the organic and aqueous phases showed a clean break
after the extraction-contacting period.
As in previous Examples, the process of Procedure 2
was followed with a 0.1M solution of the 8-(pentadecylbenzene-
sulfonamido)quinoline in Aromatic 150 and results are set forth
in the following Table:
~ - ~3 -
,.. ~, .
:: ::
... :: . ,
.. . .
lO9V145
Table M-2
pH Aqueous
Adjusting Raffinate Organic
Solu_ion pH g./l. Cu++
0.5M H2SO~ 0.50 0.745
0.1M H2SO4 o.gs 2.03
0.05M NaOH 1.49 2.75
EXAMPLE N
The 8-(n-hexadecylbenzenesulfonamido)quinoline of~-~
Example XIII was dissolved in benzene at a level of 0.lM and
contacted with the Cu++ containing solution in accordance with
process Procedure 1. The separated organic analyzed 2.10 g./l.
Cu++ and there was some precipitation (slight to moderate)
during the extraction.
EXAMPLE O
The 8-(hexadecylbenzenesulfonamidojquinoline of Example
XIV was dissolved in Aromatic 150 at a level of 15% wt./vol. and
contacted with the Cu++ and Zn++ aqueous solutions in accordance
with Procedure 1. The resulting organic phases analyzed 10.3
20 g./l. Cu++ and 8.8 g./l. Zn++. ~ ;
EXAMPLE P
The process of Procedure 1 was repeated using the
8-(triisopropylbenzenesulfonamido~quinoline of Example XV in ;
Aromatic 150. Results were as follows~
Table P-l
Metal Organic g./l. Metal
Cu++ 2.91
Ni++ 2.50 -~
Co++ 1.66
..
Co+++ 0.0005
Zn++ 1.28': -
*Some precipitation was evident
- 64 -
.
....... . . .
~ :
- ~ : . .. . . .
10~)145
EXAMPLE Q
A 5% wt./vol. solution of the 8-(dodecylbenzene-
sulfonamido)-2-methylquinoline of Example XVI in Aromatic 150
was prepared and used in -the Procedure 1 process with the Cu++
and Zn++ aqueous solutions. The resulting solution of the Cu++
complex analyzed 3.03 g./l. Cu++ and was an iridescent blue-
green color (a slight precipitate was removed by filtration).
A ball of precipitate formed during the zinc extraction and
dissolved upon the addition of an equal part of benzene. The
reagent per se was not soluble in Kermac 470B.
EXAMPLE R
The process of Procedure 1 was used with the 8-(decyl-
methylbenzenesulfonamido)-2-methylqulnoline of Example XVII in
both Kermac 470B and Aromatic 150. Results were as follows:
Table R~
Solvent and Metal Organic g./l. Metal
Kermac 470B
Cu++ 2.88
Ni++ 0.273
Co++ 0.477
Co+++ <0.0005
Zn++ 0.518
Aromatic 150
. .
Cu++ 2.21
Ni++ 1.69
Co+++ 0.0006
Zn++ 2.32
The Procedure 2 process was followed with the Aromatic
150 solution of the 8-(decylmethylbenzenesulfonamido)-2-methyl-
quinoline as in previous Examples:
.:,
- 65 -
" " ~ : . ,' '', . -
iO9Vl~S
Table R-2
pH Aqueous
AdjustingRaffinateOrganic
Solution_ pH g./l. Cu++
0.5M H2SO40.63 <0.0005
0.2M H2SO41.33 0.0019
0.1M H2SO41.65 0.0068
H2O 2.54 0.226
0.05M NaOH2.89 0.930
0.1M NaOH3.37 1.52
Procedure 4 processing was also followed with the
Aromatic 150 solution as follows (raffinate NH3 content was not
determined):
Table R-3
Loaded Or~nic From Step 2 - 3.14 g./l. Cu++
Stripped Wash
-Strip Solution Organic Solution
g./l. H2S4 g./l. Cu++ pH
100 1.08 3.84 ~ --
150 1.45 5.45
200 1.20 3.99
250 0.378 3.84
The Procedure 3 process using the Aromatic 150 solution
of 8-(decylmethylbenzenesulfonamido)-2-methylquinoline was fol-
lowed in respect of Cu++ and Zn++ and results are set forth in
the following Table:
Table_R-4
Metal Metal Concentration In Organic g.
Cu++ 0.315
" 0.300
" 0.149
l 0.0416
- 66 -
.. . . , . . - -....... ~ , .
`. ~ .. : . . . ' -
~.:~' . :' ' . . ' '- ' :
109~)~45
Cu++ 0.0114
" 0.0045
Zn++ 0.351
" 0.342
" 0.322
0.218
" 0.115
" 0.0535
. EXAMPLE S
The 8-(decylmethylbenzenesulfonamido)-6-methylquinoline
of Example XVIII was dissolved at a concentration of 0.lM in
Aromatic 150 and used in accordance with the processes of
Procedures 1-4 with results as reported in the following Tables.
Table S-l - Procedure 1
Metal Organic g./l. Metal
~ Cu++ 3.08
: Ni++ 2.63
Co++ 1.80
Co+++ 0.0007
Zn++ 2.98
Table S-2 - Procedure ?
pH Aqueous
Adjusting Raffinate Organic
Solution pH _ g./l. Cu++ --
0-5M H2SO4 0.61 0.232
~ 0-2_ H2SO4 1-?0 1.05
0.1M H2S4 1.40 1.28
H2O 1.59 1.89
0.05_ NaOH 1.74 2.29
0.lM NaOH 1.93 2.54
- 67 -
:, -- :. , .
,
; , " . - :
, .
,
109~)145
Table S-3 - Procedure 3
Metal Organic g./l. Metal
Cu++ 0.320 -~
" 0.316
0.329
" 0.319
- 0.336
" 0.325
Zn++ 0.355
" 0 349
0.339
0.348
" 0.248
Table S-4 - Procedure 4 -~
Loaded Organ c From Step 2 - 3.16 g./l. Zn++
Stripped Aqueous -~
Strip Solution Organic Raffinate ;~-
_g./l. H2SO4 ~./1. Zn++ NH3-M
- ~20 25 0.0051 0.018
o 0035 0 020
.- , -
0.0030 ~0.020 ~ -
100 <0.0005 0.022
150 0.0020 0~021
~ EXAMPLE T ~;
As in Example S, a 0.1M solution of the 3-(decylmethyl-
~; benzenesulfonamido)-6-methoxyquinoline of Example XIX in Aromatic
-~ 150 was prepared and used in accordance with the processes of
Procedures 1, 2 and 4 with the results being reported in the
following Tables~
- 68 -
'~f,'' ' ' ,.- ' ,. " ' . ,
"" . . , . . . ....... , .,:
i~)9~ S
Table T-l - Procedure 1
Metal Organic g./l. Metal
Cu++ 3.30
Ni++ 2.32
Co++ 1.42
Co+++ O . 0019
Zn++ 3.14
Table T-2 - Procedure 2
pH Aqueous
AdjustingRaffinateOrganic++
Solution pH g./l. Cu
0.SM H2SO40.54 0.220
0.2M H2SO41.01 0.765
0.1M H2SO41.25 1.05
H2O 1.59 1.36
0.005M NaOH 1.60 1.57
Table T-3 - Procedure 4
Loaded Organic From Step 2 - 3.24 ~./1. Cu++
Strip Solution Stripped Organic
g./l H2SO4 g./l. Cu +
100 1 . 05 : ,
150 0.358
250 0.0395*
*The stripped organic was washed with
water. The pH of the water before the
wash step was 5.7 and after was 4.6.
.
EXAMPLE U
The process of Procedure 1 was followed using the
8-(decylmethylbenzenesulfonamido)-5-nitroquinoline of Example
XX dissolved at a concentration of 0.1M in Aromatic 150 and
also in benzene. Results are set forth in Table U-l which
follows:
- - 69 -
.
: ~
1~9U14S
Table U-l
.
Solvent and Metal Or~anic g./l. Metal
Aromatic 150
Cu++ 2.58
Zn++ 2.56
Benzene
Cu++ 2.73
Zn++ 2.72
Likewise in the Procedure 2 process with the Aromatic 150
solution, the results were as follows:
Table U-2
.
pH Aqueous
AdjustingRaffinate Organic ~ ~`
Solution pH g./l. Cu++
0.5M H2SO4 0.60 0.147
0-2M H2SO4l.I3 0.39I
-1M H2So41.39 ~ 0.530 ~ ~ s
H2O 1.83 0.9~5
0.05M NaOH 1.82 1.05
20 When the Aromatic 150 solution was maximum loaded with Cu++ -~
(2.80 g./l.) and stripped, 250 g./l. aqueous H2SO4 yielded a
stripped organic with a Cu++ content of 0.0550 g./l. and 150 ~
g./l. aqueous H2S04 yielded a stripped organic with a Cu++
content of 0.523 g./l. --
EXAMPLE W ~ ~
Process Procedures 1 and 2 were employed with a 0.1M ~- -
Aromatic 150 solution of the 8-(decylmethylbenzenesulfonamido)
5,7-dichloroquinoline of Example XXI. Results were as follows~
Table W-l - Procedure 1 -
`~30 Metal ~ Organic g./l. Metal `
~;~ Cu++ 2.62
Ni++ 2.19
~ Zn++ 2.15
,:
- 70 -
. ~ ~ :. ~ . , . . : .
.. :: :~ : ;. . , , . . : . . .
lU90~45
Table W-2 - Procedure 2
pH Aqueous
Adjusting Raffinate Organic
SolutionpH g./l. Cu++
0.5M H2SO4 0.54 <0.0005
0.2_ H2SO4 1.10 0.0067
0.1_ H2SO4 1.49 0.0204
H2O 2.37 Q.253
0.05_ NaOH 2.50 0.316
The reagent of Example XXI maximum loaded 2.74 g./l. Cu++ using
the aqueous Cu++ solution of Procedure 1. The data of Table
W-2 shows that this reagent extracts Cu++ at a higher pH than
the new compound of Example II which does not have chloro sub-
stituents.
EXAMPLE Y
Example W was essentially repeated except using the
8-(dodecylphenylmethanesulfonamido)quinoline of Example XXII.
-- Results were as follows:
Table Y-l = Procedure 1
Metal Organic g./l. Metal
Cu++ 2.61
Ni++ 2.10
Zn++ 2.60
Table Y-2 - Procedure 2
pH Aqueous
Adjusting Raffinate Organic
SolutionpH g./l. Cu++
0.5M H2SO4 0 57 0.130
0.1_ H2SO4 1.31 1.15
0.05M H2SO4 1.36 1.24
H2O 1.55 1.59
0.05_ NaOH 1.83 1.95
0.lM NaOH 2.13 2.21
- 71 -
.
~. ~ .. . . . .
~,, .
":
iO90145
When dissolved a'. a 0.lM concentration in Kermac 470B and con-
tacted with the aqueous Cu+~ solution of Procedure 1, the com-
pound of Example XXII yielded an anlber colored emulsion which
gelled upon setting.
EXAMPLE Z
The Procedure 1 process was used with a 0.1M Aromatic
150 solution of the 8-(n-hexadecanesulfonamido)quinoline of
Example XXIII. Table Z-l gives the results: ;l
Table Z~
MetalOrganic g./l. Metal
Cut+ 3.07
Ni++ 2.65
Co++ 1.76*
Zn++ -- **
* Some precipitate
** Precipitate thus organic not analyzed
When process Procedure 1 was repeated with the Cu++ containing ~-
aqueous solution and a 0.lM solution of the 8-(n-hexadecane-
sulfonamido)quinoline in benzene, the separated organic analyzed
20 1.59 g./l. and some precipltation was evident. -~
EXAMPLE AA
:: . .
Procedures 1, 2 and 4 were used with a 0.1M solution ~
of the 8-(2-ethylhexanesulfonamido)quinoline of Example XXIV ~ -
in Aromatic 150. Results are set forth in the following Tables:
- ' Table AA-l - Procedure 1 ~
Metal Organic ~./1. Met~l -
Cu++ 2.85
Ni+~ 2.42
Zn++ 2.80
Tablle AA-2 - Procedure 2
pH Aqueous
AdjustingRaf f inateOrganic
Solution pH ~./1. Cu++
0.5M H2S040.74 0.164
.
`~' 0.2M H2S0~1.16 0.930
- 72 -
....... . .. .
. .. .
''`"' ' ' , '
1~90145
0.lM H2SO4 1.32 1.27
H2O 1.55 1.72
0.05M NaOH 1.75 2.00
Table AA-3 - Procedure 4
. _
Loaded Or~anic~ From Step 2 - about 2.80 g./1. Cu++
. .
Strip Solution Stripped Or~anic Wash Solution
g./l. H2SO4_ g./l. Cu + pH
100 0.100 5.36
150 0.0025 5.36
200 0.0025 3.93
250 -- 4.8
* The starting loaded organic was not analyzed,
thus Cu++ content was estimated.
EXAMPLE BB
A 0.1M solution of the 8-(n-octanesulfonamido)quinoline
of Example XXVII in Aromatic 150 was contacted two times at an
organic:aqueous phase ratio of 1:1 for one hour each time with
~the Cu++ aqueous solution of Procedure 1. The maximum loaded
organic analyzed 2.20 g./l. Cu++. There was no evidence of
precipitation.
EXAMPLE CC
Process Procedure 1 was used with a 0.lM solution of
the 8-(n-pentanesulfonamido)quinoline of Example XXVIII in ben-
zene and the Cu++ containing aqueous solution. The separated
organic analyzed 3.44 g./l. Cu++. However, when an attempt was
made to maximum load a 0.lM solution of the 8-(n-pentylsulfon-
amido)quinoline in Aromatic 150 as in Example BB, a moderate
amount of precipitate fell out of solution and was filtered off.
The filtered organic analyzed 0.860 g./l. Cu++.
EXAMPLE DD
Procedures 1-4 were also used with the 8-(isodecane-
sulfonamido)quinoline of Example XXV. These results are as
follows (0.lM solution in Aromatic 150):
- 73 -
'
10901~S
Table DD-l - Procedure 1
_ _ _ _
Metal Organic ~./1. Metal
Cu++ 2.80
Ni++ 2.50
Co++ 1.80
Co+++ 0.0006
Zn++ 2.70 ~ -
Table DD-2 - Procedure 2
pH Aqueous
AdjustingRaffinate Organic
Solution pH g./l. Cu++
0.5_ H2S04 0.49 0.206 -
0.2M H2SO4 1.06 1.14
0.1 H2S41.23 1.50 ~~
H2O 1.61 2.25 ~ -
0.05M NaOH 1.62 2.13
0.lM NaOH1.87 2.39
Table DD-3 - Procedure 3 -
.
Metal Or~anic ~.!l. Metal
Cu++ 0.306
0.312
0.318
0.316
" 0.317
" 0.314
Zn++ 0.356
" ~ 0.356
" 0.340
0.275
" 0.230
" 0.171
- 74 -
,.,,. , .. ,. ~ : . . '
, : . - . - : :
, .
-:: : - :
1090145
Table DD-4 _ Procedure 4
Loaded Organic From Step 2 - 2.87 g./l. Cu~
Strip Solution Stripped Organic Wash Solution
g./l._H2SO4 g./l. Cu++ pH
0.0148 3.33
100 0.0083 3.39
150 0.0029 5.85
200 0.0271 4.52
:
Loaded Organic From Step 2 - 2.95 g./l. Zn+~
, .~
v Aqueous
Strip Solution Stripped Organic Raffinate
g./l. H2S4 g./l. Zn+~ NH3-M
0.0012 0.018
<0.0005 0.020
<0.0005 n . ols
100 <0.0005 0.020
150 <0.0005 0.020
EXAMPLE EE
An 8~ wt./vol. solution of the 8-(C14-C16-alkenyl-
sulfonamido)quinoline of Example XXVI in Kermac 470B kerosene
was contacted in accordance with the Procedure 1 process. The
resulting organic analyzed 3.66 g./l. Cu++.
EXAMPLE FF
A 0.05M Ag+ solution was prepared by dissolving 0.84
g. AgNO3 and 13.2 g. (NH4)2SO4 in 20 ml. of 2.0M NH40H and di- - -
luting to 100 ml. with water. A 0.lM solution of the 8-(decyl- -
methylbenzenesulfonamido)quinoline of Example II in Aromatic
~ .
;~ 150 was then contacted at a 1:1 organic:aqueous phase ratio
.
30 with the Ag+ solution for one hour with shaking. After separ- -
ation of the phases, the organic analyzed 2.96 g./l. Ag+. Por-
tions of the loaded organic phase were then contacted with
- 75 -
.
lO901~S
shaking for one hour with equal volumes of various aqueous
solutions to strip the Ag+ therefrom. Results were as follows:
Table FF-l
. _
AqueousStripped Organic
Strip Solutiong /l. A~+
150 g./l. H2SO4 <0.01
l.OM HNO3 <0.01
l.OM HCl 0.04
'' ' ~.
EXAMPLE GG
Example FF was repeated except tha-t the starting
aqueous solution was prepared by attempting to dissolve 1.71 g.
Hg (NO3)2 in 100 mI. water. Almost all of the Hg(NO3)2 dis~
solved with residual precipitate being filtered off to yield a
solution which was close to 0.05M in Hg++ (pH 2.02). The se-
parated loaded organic analyzed 10.5 g./l. Hg++. When stripped
with an equal volume of 1.0M HCl, the organic analyzed 0.93 g./l.
EXAMPLE HH
A 5.5% wt./vol. solution of the 8-(decylmethylbenzene-
sulfonamido)quinoline of Example II in Kermac 470B kerosene
was contacted with stirring at an organic:aqueous phase ratio of
1:4 with an aqueous solution containing 2.5 g./l. Pb+~ from
Pb(NO3)2 in water (pH adjusted to 7.1 during extraction). The
contact time was 2.0 miAutes. The separated organic analyzed
9.56 g./l. Pb++. The loaded organic was stripped with aqueous
HNO3 (150 g./l.) at an organic:aqueous phase ratio of 6:1 to
yield a barren stripped organic. Some precipitation of Pb(NO3~2
was noted in the aqueous strip solution.
The above Examples show metal recovery from various
starting aqueous solutions. It is clear that the metal content -
of such starting solutions is not critical and can vary widely,
- 76 -
.,.,.,
1090~5
it being only necessary that the process extracts at least a
portion of the metal values therefrom. In preferred aspects,
the metal content will range from 0.1 to 80 g./l. of the re-
spective metals being extracted.
~.
- 77 -
''~ . : '' ' ' '
~- . .............................. .
- . : ~ ,
,
