Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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Background of the Invention
,. The present invention relates to power-driven mower means
for cutting brush, trees, vines, weeds, grass, etc. in locations
inaccessible to a tractor, or mowers carried on the front or
rear of such tractors, such as roadsides, ditches, steep road
banks, and for cutting beneàth fences~
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A most difficult pro~lem faced by both-governmental and in-
dustrial maintenance departments, as well as farmersl is cutting
of grass and weeds on steeply inclined slopes, inaccessible pla-
.- ces such as bridge approaches, around walls, railroad right-of-
ways, and under fences. In many such areas, the ground slopes at
an angle which makes it dangerous or inconvenient for the use of
a conventional mower to operate in the areas and insofar as fence
rows are concerned, particularly on farms, mowing under the fence
. rows with conventional handmowers is impractical.
`Some prior art devices have been devised to accomplish the
object of the present invention, but none include the features
provided by the present invention as discussed`hereinafter.
Such previous devices as shown in U.S. Patent 3,045,413
Sheffer have included laterally extended mower devices where
means are provided to elevate the.mower device in a vertical dir-
ection. However, such devices have not provided means for pivotal
movement of the mower device in a horizontal plane.
Other devices, as shown in U.S. Patent 3,274,762 Jolls, have
provided co~plicated, expensive arrangements where the mower
device extends laterally from a~tractor but likewise, have not `
provided means ~or pivotal movement of the mower device in a
horizontal plane. In applications where a mower mounted ~or use
on a moving t:ractor is utilized to trim grass along and under a
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fence, where it is necessary to retract the mower to avoid fence
posts, or other fixed objects, such prior art arrangements have
not provided means to prevent damage to the mower when it strikes
such fixed objects.
Other previous arrangç,ments have also provided extensible
booms which are large heavy complicated mechanisms requiring
significant maintenance expense and excessive cost in materials.
. Summary of the Invention
The present invention provides a straightforward, relatively
inexpensive mower arrangement to be connected to a tractor to
extend laterally from the tractor at a location ~eneath the trac-
¦ tor body where the device can be selectively raised or lowered,
¦ can be pivoted in a vertical plane and which also has the capa-
¦ bility of movement in a horizontal plane when the mower encounters
¦ a fixed object. Accordjingly, devices within the scope of the pre-
sent invention are particularly useful in applications where it
is necessary to mow around fixed objects or where the surface to
be mowed is inclined relative to a horizontal plane.
More particularly, the present invention provides an arrange-
men~ which prevents damage to the mower when the mower inadver-
tently strikes a fixed object which has not been heretofore pro- :
vided.
The present invention further provides a mower arrangement
where the mower is extensible and can be simply supported on a
telescoping sleeve.
Moreover, devices within the scope of the present invention
: can be provided with pivot means to connect the mower device to
the end of the extensible retractable outrigger to selectively
pivot the mower device in a vertical plane to accomodate any
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inclined surface to be mowed.
The construc~ion provided by the present invention
is of novel design and adapted for use with a tractor where
the assembly is light weight, employs relatively few parts,
and is operated by a simple, eEficient and easily repaired
mechanism.
More particularly, the present invention provides
a mowing arrangement to be secured to a tractor where the
arrangement includes a bracket, for example a yoke to be
secured to the tractor, an extensible, retractable outrigger
arm to be carried by the yoke by pivot means where the out-
rigger arm carries a mower device adjacent the outer end
thereof and where the pivot means is adapted to selectively
pivot the outrigger arm in a vertical and horizontal plane
and the outrigger arm is adapted to selectively extend and
retract the mower device where the mower can be connected
to the outrigger arm by pivot means to permit pivotal move~
ment of the arm in a vertical plane.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention
a mower device to be attached to a tractor for movement
therewith includes: elongate generally straight outrigger
means including extensible-retractable arm means adapted
to carry selected mower means adjacent the outermost end
thereof; motive means to extend and retract said arm means;
outrigger retaining bracket means to be secured to said
; tractor and adapted to carry said outrigger means where
said outrigger means is carried so that said arm means
extends later~lly outwardly from said tractor at a location
beneath the body of said tractor; and, first pivot means
located at an elevation beneath the tractor body connecting
said outrigger means to said bracket means to permit said
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arm means to selectively pivot in a vertical plane to
position said mower means at selected attitude relative to
horizontal.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention
a mowex device to be attached to a tractor for movement
therewith includes: elongate generally straight outrigger
means including extensible-retractable arm means adapted
to carry selected mower means adjacent the outermost end
thereof in spaced relation above a surface to be mowed,
motive means to extend and retract said arm means; outrigger
retaining bracket means to be secured to said tractor and
ada~ted to carry said outrigger means where said outrigger
means is carried so that said arm means extends laterally
outwardly from said tractor at a location beneath the body
of said tractor; first pivot means located at an elevation
beneath the tractor body and connected to said outrigger
means to permit said arm means to selectively pivot in a
vertical plane to position said mower means at selected
attitude relative to horizontal; and second pivot means
connecting said first pivot means to said bracket means
including releasable retainer means to preferentially retain
; said arm means in first position extending laterally outward-
ly from said tractor and to release said arm means for
; rotation in a horizontal plane about said pivot when said
arm means strlkes an obstruction.
In accordance with an additional aspect of the
invention a mower device to be attached to a tractor for
movement therewith includes: elongate generally straight
outrigger means including extensible-retractable arm means
adapted to car.ry selected mower means adjacent the outer-
most end thereof in spaced relation above a surface to be
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mowed, motive means to extend and retract said arm means;
outrigger retaining bracket means to be secured to said
tractor and adapted to carry said outrigger means where
said outrigger means is carried so that said arm means
extends laterally outwardly from said tractor at a location
beneath the body of said tractor' first pivot means
located at an elevation beneath the tractor body and
connected to said outrigger means to said bracket means to
permit said arm means to selectively pivot in a vertical
plane to position said mower means at selected attitude
relative to horizontal; and second pivot means located
beneath the elevation of said tractor body connecting said
first pivot means to said bracket means including: verti-
cally open first sleeve means carried by said bracket:
pivot connector means including a pivot plate having a
generally "V" shaped end with a cooperative pin receiving
notch in the crotch of the "V" shaped end, carrying down-
wardly extending outrigger connection means adjacent the
end of the pivot plate opposite the "Vl' shaped end, up-
wardly extending first post means in generally alignedrelation with said connector means where said first post
means is adapted to be pivotably received in said first
sleeve means, whereby said outrigger is connected to said
- bracket by said first post means and is pivoted thereabout
in a horizontal plane; spring-biased pin means carried by
said bracket means to be received in said pivot plate notch
to preferentially aim said pivot plate in a disposition
wherein said outrigger means extends laterally from said
tractor and where abrupt movement of said outrigger means
r~leases said pin means from said pivot plate notch whereby
said outrigger means is free to move in a horizontal plane.
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In accordance with a further apsect of the
invention a relatively low profile, light weight, versatile
: mower device to be attached to a tractor or the like for
movement therewith to cut grass, brush, or the like, comprises
an elongate generally straight outrigger assembly, including
extensible-retractable arm means for carrying a mower assembly
adjacent a relatively outermost end thereof, motive means
for extending and retracting said arm means and thereby to
move such mower assembly relative to such tractor, outrigger
assembly retaining bracket means securable to such tractor
at a relatively low location on the latter for supporting
said outrigger assembly at a relatively innermost end thereof
from such tractor with said arm means extending generally
laterally outwardly from such tractor, and first pivot means
located ataa relatively low location with respect to the
tractor body for connecting said outrigger assembly to said
bracket means to permit said arm means selectively to pivot
in a vertical plane to posItion sa~d mower means at selected
attitude relative to horizontal, said motive means including
means for extending and retracting said arm means in a sub-
stantially straight direction from the location at which
said outrigger assembly is supported on said bracket means.
These and other objects, features, and advantages
of the present invention will become obvious to those
skilled in the art upon the consideration of the specifi-
cation, attached drawings, and appended claims.
Brief Descriplion of the D~awings
The figures, appended hereto, illustrate one
example of a mower apparatus within the scope of the present
invention, and in the figures:
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Figure 1 is a perspective view of one arrange-
ment in accordance with the present invention,
Figure 2 i5 a plan vi.ew of the embod.iment illus-
trated in Figure 1,
Figure 3 is an elevational view of the embodl-
ment shown in
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Figure l;
Figure 4 is an enlarged view of the pivot and release mech-
anism of the embodiment shown in Figure l;
Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of the hydraulic cir-
cuit utilized in the embodiment shown in Figure 1;
Figure 6 is a Perspective view of an arrangement in accor-
dance with the present invent:ion showing a mower device pivotably
¦ connected to an outrigger; and
Figures 7 A-~ are schematic illustrations of examples of
; operation of examples of devices in accordance with the present
invention.
Referring to Figure 1, an adjustable yoke assembly 1 is pro-
vided which includes upstanding channel membe.rs 2 and 3 where
¦ channel member 2 carries a~laterally extending arm 4 and channel
¦ 3 carries a laterally extending channel arm 6 where channel arm 6
¦ overlaps arm 4. Bolts 7 can be provided to secure arm 6 to arm 4
where channel 4 includes slots (Flgure 2) so that channel 6 can
. be adjustably moved over channel 4 to selectively adjust the dis-
tances between channels 2 and 3 of yoke assembly 1. The yoke is
positioned ~ith arms 4 and 6 beneath the body of a tractor so
channels 2 and 3 are on either side of the tractor secured to the
tractor by means of bolts (not shown) inserted through apertures
8 of channel 3. . .
The example of the present invention shown in Figure 1 in-
cludes a mower assembly 9, descrlbed hereinafter, carried on a
. telescoping arm assembly including a sliding arm 12 and a
. receiving arm 13. : - :
The mower assembly includes a shroud 14 adapted to recèive
a Pluid power motor 16 to drive a rotating blade 17 shown in ~
30Figure 3 As is known in the art, an aperture 18 is provided in : .
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¦ the downwardly extending sides of shroud 14 for emission of cut-
¦ tings from the mower.
A hydraulic cylinder 19 is provided and carried by arm 13,
as shown, and includes an extensible power shaft 20 connected to
sliding arm 12 by means of a fastener assembly 21 so that opera-
tion of cylinder 19 extends and retracts sliding arm 12 and mower
assembly 9.
A runner 22, as described hereinafter, can be carried on
sliding arm 12 and fastened thereto by means of a bracket 23.
Arm 13 is pivoted for vertical movement and in this con-
nection includes spaced aligned brackets 26 at the ends thereof
as shown in Figure 4, which includes aligned apertures 26A adap-
¦ ted to receive a pivot pin 27. A sleeve 28 is provided and is
¦ connected to a plate 29 (which provides par~ o~ the release
mechanism described hereinafter) by means of a post 31 and pin 27
is received through aperture 28A of sleeve 28 so brackets 26
pivot about pin 27 whille the pin is retained in sleeve 28.
Sleeve 28 is secured, as previously described, between
brackets 26 by means of a pin 27 where a cam 32, as described
hereinafter, is carried on pin 27. A heywey 27A is provided in
sleeve 28, and a hey (not shown) can be provided to be received
I ¦ in heyway 27A and a cooperative heyway in pin 27 (not shown) so
that cam 32 does not move with arm 13, as described hereinafter.
I Plate 2~ carries an upstanding post 33 having a cooperative
¦ aperture 34 to be utilized as described hereinafter. Plate 29
¦ includes sloping ends 29A and a notch 29B to provide a "breakaway'
to release pivotal movement of arm 13 in a horizontal plane as
¦ described hereina~ter.
Plate 29 and post 33 are connected to arm 2 of yoke 1 by
means of a sleeve 36 carried by arm 2 and adapted to receive
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post 33. A pin 37 is inserted through aperture 34 of post 33
after post 33 is received within sleeve 36. In this position,
the assembly including sleeve 28, plate 29, is retained in sleeve
36 by post 33 and the assembly is rotatable in a horizontal plane.
Therefore, arm 13, which is carried by sleeve 28, is also rotat-
able in a horizontal plane.
One feature of the present invention as shown in the embodi-
ment represented in the Figures is the provision of a breakaway
arrangement mentioned above and described hereinafter.
Specifically, arm 2 includes a bracket assembly 41 extending
laterally behind arm 2 where second spaced brackets 42, 43 are
provided as shown and include cooperative aligned apertures 44
¦ provided to receive a bolt 46 secured by a nut 47.
¦ A pivot arm assembly 48 is provided and includes an upstand-
¦ ing sleeve 49 having an aperture 51 where sleeve 49 is received
between brackets 42, 43 and bolt 46 is inserted through apertures
44 of brackets 42, 43 a~d aperture 51 of pivot arm 48 so pivot
arm 48 is freely rotatable about bolt 46 in a horizontal plane.
A post 50 is advantageously provided on arm 48 and positioned, as
shown in Figure 4, to be received in notch 29B when pivot assem
bly 48 is rotated to a position that post 51 can be so received.
A horizontal sleeve 52 is provided at the end of pivot assembly
48 opposite sleeve 49 and includes a horizontally oriented aper-
ture 53.
A seconcl bracket 54 extends laterally from arm 2, as shown
and includes an aperture 56 adapted to receive a bolt 57. ~olt
57 is ada~tedl to carry a compression spring 58 and has adjusting
nuts 59. When in the assembled form, bolt 56 is inserted through
aperture 53 of sleeve 52 so that one end of sleeve 52 engages a
l ~ washer 61 ried on bolt 57 in front oi compression sprlng 58 an
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the free end of bolt 57 extends through aperture 53 of pivot
assembly 48 and aperture 56 of bracket 54 and is adapted to
receive a nut 62. Thus, in this assembly, the compression spring
58 urges sleeve 52 toward bracket 54 and likewise because oE the
pivot assembly, urges post 51 into notch 29B.
Referring again to Figures 1 and 3, arm 2 also carries a
bracket 66. A power source, for example a hydraulic cylinder 67
¦ as known in the art, is connected to bracket 6 by means of a
¦ saddle 68. Hydraulic cylinder 67 includes a power shaft 69 con-
¦ nected by means of a saddle 72 to a bracket 71, carried by arm
13, so that bracket 26 of arm 13 pivots about pin 27 and responds
to movement of shaft 69 within hydraulic cylinder 67 to move arm
¦ 13 in a vertical plane. Bracket 66 also carries a`saddle 74 con-
; ¦ nected to chain 76 connected, in turn, to a spring 77 which is
¦ connected to arm 13 by a pin and bracket assembly 78 carried by
¦ arm 13 to provide an upward bias for arm 13 when the mower is in
¦ operation, as described~ hereinafter.
Arm 2 further carries a ~ost 81 adapted to receive an angle
bracket 82 where a second post 83 is carried by bracket 82 to
retain a control device 84 to operate thè apparatus illustrated
in Figures 1 through 4.
Control 84 includes three val;ve members 86, 87, 88, as shown
in Figures 1 through 5 where the valves are operated by levers
86A, 87A, and 88A respectively.
As prev:iously discussed, all of the apparatus of the embodi-
ment of the present invention as shown ln the drawings can be
; operated hydraulically. Referring to Figure 5, a source of hy-
draulic fluid including a pump 39 (Figure 5) which is powered by
the tractor l(not shown) and a fluid reservoir 89A is provided
where pump 89 and reservoir 89A can be the hydraulic system of
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¦ the tractor. A return fluid conduit 91 is provided from control
87 to the hydraulic fluid reservoir 89A and a pressurized fluid
supply conduit 110 is provided to supply pressurized fluid to the
l elements o the assembly.
~ Referring to Figures 1 through 5, blade 17 of mower assembly
9 is driven by a fluid motor 16 powered ~y pressurized fluid from
pump 89. Valve 88 is control}ed by valve operator 88A and, as
shown, can be of the piston type including a piston 88B positioned
by operator 88A to align a valve part 88C to permit fluid flow
; when operation of motor 16 is desired. In accordance with an
optional feature of the present invention a conduit 104 is connec-
ted to the outlet of valve 88 and connects to a second valve 102
¦ controlled by an actuator 103. Valve 102 can be a spring biased
¦ piston valve where actuator 103, which is positioned by cam 32,
¦ works against a spring 102C to hold a part 102B in open position
so long as actuator 103 is in contact with the lower portion of ;:
cam 32. As arm 13 is raised, cam 32 being fixed, actuator 103
rides along the cam surface.
As previously described, cam 32 includes irregular cam sur~
faces 32A and 32B so that, as arm 13 is pivoted upwardly, actua-
tor io3 remains in contact with surface 32A until an altltude ie
reached where actuator 103 engages surface 32B and spring 102C ~
closes valve 102 to terminate operation of motor 16. This part~i-
cular feature of the present invention can be included as a `
safety measure to prevent operation of the mower when arm 13 is
inclined abo~it a pre-selected angle determined by the intersec-
tion of cam surfaces 32A and 32B. ~
The outlet from valve 102 is connected, by means of condult
101 to motor 16. Thus, in the example shown, motor 16 will oper-
ate when valve 88 is actuated and then only where valv~ 102 is in
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operatin~ position. In other embodiments, valve 102 can be elimi-
nated where it is necessary to operate the mower at extended ele-
vation.
As previously described, single acting hydraulic cylinder 67
is provided to raise arm 13. In accordance with one feature of
the invention, cylinder 67 is adapted to raise arm 13 and arm 13
is lowered by its own weight but it will be recognized that a
double-acting cylinder can be provided to raise and lower arm 13.
The power side of cylinder 67 can be connected by conduit
108 to the outlet of valve 86, which can be a piston valve having
a dual port piston 86B operated by means of operator 86A between
the position shown in Figure 5 where pressurized fluid flows
¦ through part 86C to cylinder 67 to a second position (not illus-
¦ trated) where return part 86D is aligned with conduit 108 and
l valve outlet 86E so fluid flows through conduit 108 from cylinder
¦ 67 and po.rt 86D to outlet 86E communicating with fluid return 91
to reservoir 89A so that when fluid is returned, cylinder 67 is
relaxed and arm 13 is lowered by its own weight.
A double-acting cylinder 19 is provided to extend and retract
shaft 20 connected to telescoping arm 12 where arm 12, ar,d mower
assembly 9 are likewise extended and retracted by movement of
shaft 19. Referring to Figure 5,:operation of cylinder 19 is~con-
trolled by valve 87 where operator 87 moves a piston valve member
87B to direct fluid flow through valve 87 to cylinder 19. In the
example shown, valve member 87B is provided with two sets of coop-
. erative fluicl flow parts 87C and 87D. Cooperative fluid flow con-
duits 106.ancl 107 can be connected to valve 87 and opposite ends .
of cylinder 19 as shown. Likewise.pressurized fluid conduit lIOA
and return fl.uid conduit 91A are connected to communicate with
¦¦ valve 8~ as hown. ~he arrantement shown prrvides mea~s, as kno
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¦in the art, to secure operation of shaft 20 of cylinder 19 in a
selected direction. For example, in the arrangelnent shown in
Figure 5, pressurized fluid is applied to conduit 106 while con-
duit 107 is open to the low pressure fluid return so shaft 20
moves outwardly with respect to cylinder 19. When operator 87A
is activated to index parts 87A with conduits 106, 107, llOA and
91A, the converse situation exists. That is, pressurized fluid is
applied to conduit 107 and conduit 106 is open to the fluid return
so shaft 20 is moved into cylinder 19 and mower assembly is drawn
toward its tractor.
In operation, the assembly shown in the Figures is attached
to a tractor means of yoke assembly 1, where bolts are received
¦ through apertures 8 and secured to the tractor. `
¦ The appropriate connections are made to supply pressurized
¦hydraulic fluid for operation of the device as described herein-
¦before.
¦ When the device is,;in operation, for example in an applica-
¦ tion where it is utilized to mow under a fence, the tractor can
¦ be driven in a path parallel to the fence. Devices in accordance
¦ with the present invention are particularly useful in such appli-
¦ cations because they can be adapted so the outrigger arm 12, 13
¦ is generally parallel with the surface to be mowed so that exten-
sion or retraction of mower assembly 9 does not substantially
¦ change the elevation of the mower assembly with respect to the
¦ surface to be mowed. The mower is in fully lowered position and
¦ shroud 14 extends beneath the lowermost edge of the fence with
¦ runner 22 riding over the surface of the ground. -
The truncated ends provided on runner 22 facilitate the move-
¦ ment of runner 22. In this mode of operation some of the weight
¦ of arm 13 and mower assembly 9 is taken off runner 22 by proper
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selection of the length of chain 76. As previously described,
chain 76 is connected to tension spring 77 which is connected to
arm 13. The arrangement can be adjusted so that arm 13 effectivel
floats with minimum support by runner 22 and can further be adjus-
ted so that runner 22 does not touch the ground except where there
are irregularities in the surface. In applications where there
are minimal irregularities in the surface, runner 22 can be elimi-
nated and, likewise, the roller ~supports utilized in previous
devices can also be eliminated.
In such applications, where the device is utilized to cut
under fencing, and where the tractor follows a path parallel to
the fence, it is necessary to avoid the fence posts supporting
the fence. In accordance with one feature of the present inven-
l tion, cylinder 19 can be utilized to extend and withdraw mower
¦ assembly 9 to avoid the fence posts.
In operation where the example of mower device shown in the
Figures is carried on a moving tractor, the outrigger assembly
could be substantially damaged if it inadvertently struck a fixed
object such as a fence post, tree stump or partially buried large
rock. In accordance with one feature of the present invention,
the breakaway assembly including pivotable plate 29, which
receives a spring~biased locking post 50 in a notch 29B is pro-
vided to release the outrigger assembly 12, 13, 14 for pivotal
` movement in a horizontal plane in the event any part of the out-
rigger assemhly 12, 13, 14 strickès such a fixed object.
Referring now to Figure ~ which illustrates another arrange-
ment in accordance with the present invention, the device illus-
trated is similar to the one illustrated in ~igures 1-3 except
that mower assembly 9 is connected to telescoping arm 12 by means
of an arm 111, connected to mower assembly 9 for example by
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welding, where arm 111 is connected to arm 12 by a pivot pin 112
so that mower assembly 9 can be selectively pivoted in a vertical
plane.
Advantageously, a generally vertically extending arm 113 is
connected at one end to arm 111 a-nd a pivot 112 is provided at the
. uppermost end adapted to receive the power shaft 114 of a hydrau-
lic cylinder 116. Hydraulic cylinder 116 is connected to arm 113
by means of a pivot 112. Hydraulic cylinder 116 is supplied
with pressurized hydraulic fluid by means of conduits 117 and 118,
to move shaft 114 as is known in the art. Conduits 117 and 11$
are connected to a valve (not shown) operated by handle 119 to
. move power shaft 114 in cylinder 116.
¦ Advantageously, movement of shaft 114 pivots arm 113 through
. ¦ an angle A to pivot mower assembly 9 accordingly so that mower
¦ assembly 9 can be tilted in a vertical plane to incline shroud
¦ 114 parallel to a nonlevel surface, or even vertical surface.
¦ The latter feature'advantageoualy allows the mower to be
. ¦ cooperatively positioned as shown schematically in Figures 7A-C ~
l to mow in awkward positions. Specifically, as shown in Figure 7A,
¦ an offset elevated surface 121A can be mowed where yoke 122, ~
carried by a tractor (not shown) moves over surface 121 where .
outrigger 123 is elevated and mower assembly 124 is horizontally s ~t
to cut surface 121A.
As illustrated in Figure 7B, a downwardly inclined surface
126A can be mowed where a tractor (not shown~ moves along surface
126 with outrigger 123 extended outwardly from yoke 121 and mower
124 downwardly inclined parallel to surface 126A.
Finally, in another example of use of the arrangement shown
in Figure 7C, an upwardly inclined surface 127A is mowed where a
tractor (not shown) moves along surface 127 with outrigger 123
extended and mower 124 upw~rdly inclined to mow surface 127A.
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¦ The present invention can further be adapted as shown schema-
¦ tically in Figure 7D, where mower 124 can be adapted to vertical
¦ orientation to, for example, trim hedges 128 as yoke 122 moves
¦ over the surface 129.
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