Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
The invention rela-tes to foods-tuffs and most
specifically has advantageous applica-tions in the feeding
of domestic animals such as dogs and cats. The invention
has for its object a new produc-t and its preparation method.
Such a product and me-thod are also applicable -to other animals
as well as to human beings~ and may also be applicable in
other technical fields~ e~g. -the manufacture of proteins~
fertilizers and manures.
Until now, meat containing products such as petfood
for domestic animals are obtained by crushing certain meat pieces.
Such meat pieces have to fulfill several conditions:
- they must not contain too hard pieces so a~ not to
damage the grinding mill,
- they must no-t be too soft so as not to obstruc-t
the mill by stuffing,
- they must not contain matters not usable as food-
stuf~, since all -the crushed product is used in the final food
product J
Another drawback of produc-ts obtained in grinding
mills relates to the aspect of the product, very finely ~ivided.
Such a pa-te is no-t always favourable, for coTmnercial reasons and
for grounds in connection with animals' appetency,
The foods-tuff according to the invention has a fibrous
structure, the cornponent being several millimeters long, and pos-
sibly reaching 2 centimeters in some cases, what is a very good
feature for the aspect as well as for the appetency. Nevertheless,
it does not contain any hard or dangerous component~ e.g. hair,
teeth or the like.
The preparation method according to the invention allows
to use cheap raw materials, what is not possible in grinding or
crushing.
It is an object of the invention to provide a new
product useful for preparing a foodstuff, for human beings and
anirnals, more specifically domestic animals, such as dogs and cats.
It is another object of the invention to provide a
new me~hod for preparing such a useful product.
According to the invention~ there is provided a method
~ in which quarters of meat or whole animals arc subjected to a
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mechanical trituration or mastication simultaneously with a
crushing~ w~ile being under a heavy pressure in a phase sepa~
ration press.
More specifically~ the invention relates to a method
~or preparing a foodstuff having a heterog~eneous composition
and a fibrous structure in the forrn of coherent filaments
of substantial length, comprisingo
simultaneously crushing and compressing whole or
coarsely broken animal, fish or crustacean raw material in a
phase separation press, with at least one advancing punch in
a closed chamber filled with the raw material under a pressure
sufficient t~ compress and masticate soft foodstuff matter
and crush hard matter in the raw material without substantially
destroyiny the cohesion of the desired food cornponents of the
raw material and to e~trude the masticated soft matter from
the press, the closed chamher and/or punch being provided
with exit channels through which the masticated matter is
e~truded, and
extruding the masticated soft foodstuff matter from
the press to obtain a product having a hetero~eneous cornposi-
tion and containing the desired food components in the form
of coherent filaments of substantial length, the undesirable
components of the raw material remaining in the portion
resi~ting to e~trusion.
The present invention also relates to a foodstuff
having a heterogeneous composition and a fibro~s structure in
the form of coherent filaments of substantial length, and
prepared starting from whole or coarsely bro]cen animal, fish
or crustacean raw material by a process as defined ahove.
Phase separation presses of this kind have already
been proposed in patent application No. 292,407 filed on De-
cember 5, 1977 in Canada hy the applicant, to be applied more
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particularly in the treatment of household garbage.
In such a pressl in a closed, so-called pressure cham-
ber supplied with the matter to be treated, said matter is tri-
turated, crushed and compressed to several hundred bars by
causing at least one punch to advance in the pressure chamber,
and at -the same time, the liquid or pasty phase of the matter
thus masticated and compressed is made to flow through cali-
~rated passages opening in the pressure chamber or in the
lateral face of the punch. m en, the punch is withdrawn and
the recess made by the penetration of said punch ln the mass
of matter in the pressure chamber i5 reabsorbedl reducing the
volume of the pressure chamber, and the punch is again made to
penetrate the mass of matter. The sliding or lateral face of
the punch comprises longitudinal collecting grooves into which
open a plurality of transverse channels, said collecting groo-
ves opening into a chamber for recovering the si-fted matter~
The product extracted in the grooves o-f the punch is
the new product according to the invention~
In the machines of this kind, providing phase separa-
tion according to the extrusion capacity of the components oftreated matters, the softest matters are expelled out of -the
mass in the form of coherent filaments of more or less great
length. During the compression work there does not occur any-
th1ng like the intense stirring caused by the conventional
crushing~ It ensues two essential features for the product:
the presence of many coherent components not destroyed, and
; a rather heterogeneous composition of the mixture.
It-is interesting to draw advantage of -these new ~ea-
tures in view of preparing such products with no equivalent in
the consumer's market, owing to the cost of human intervention.
According to another feature of the invention, at
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least par-t of the various componen-ts oF -the final produc-t are
mixed in their raw form before compression. The meat containing
portion is used in its simples-t possible form so as to reduce the
preparation costs, and so is -the possibly present vegetable portion
in many cases. The aspect of the final mixture allows to see the
different componen-ts and no hard or dangerous components, such as
bone or tooth splint~rs, fish bones, hair or the like, can be
seen in the product.
Another advantage of the method of the invention is to
be seen in that it is possible -to use pieces of high nu-tritious
grade, which, a]-though being of low cost, are not, or unproperly,
used presen-tly, due to the technological difficulties.
The invention will be more fully understood by reference
to the detailed description of the following examples.
Example 1
Whole animalsl heads, more particularly non prepared
sheeps heads, were treated under compressionO The extrudable
collected portion is substantially sim~lar to head pate used
by human beings. The portion resisting to extrusion, ejected
out of -the press in the form of a lump~ contains the skin with
the hair, the bones, the teeth and a low content or cartilage
and meat.
Animals feet~ more precisely pig s and ox s feet
were treated without any special preparation, either frozen or
fresh, A red meat is obtained, with a high amoun-t in soft carti-
lage in the case of pig s feet. In the press, there remain the
skin, bones and hoof s horn.
Animals foetus and still~born ~nimals, mostly in
form of whole beasts, were treated in the same way. The results
are similar to those o~ exa~ple 1.
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Little animals were treated without being CUt out,
more specifically chickens and rabbits~ The skin, with feathers
and hair remain in the dry portion~ as well as the beaks~ teeth,
claws~ and naturally the bo~es as in the other examples.
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Example ~
Long bones, and more speci:Fically those containingmarrow, have been treated. The ~ilarrow is ex-trac-ted in form of
long filaments retaining a certain cohesion. Marrow is also
extrac-ted in the cases of preceding examples and gives to -the
final product an interes-ting physical structure.
In the case of the five foregoing examples, -the dry
remaining portion is advantageously treat~d through thermal way
for obtaining bone-black.
Fishes, and more particularly fishes wi-th large heads
and important bones, what reduces their commercial value, or what
remains from fishes after the fillets have been rernoved, were
treated under comp~ession. In this case also~ heads, bones and
part of the skin remain in the dry portion.
Exam~le 7
, e.g. crabs, after their most valuable
parts such as the nippers have been removed, are -treated in the
same way. The extrac-ted meat ob-tained from uncured animals
remains fairly firm, with a fibrous struc*ure. The remaining
shells are trea-ted after that with interest for giving a plastic
material with high grade characteristics and wholly bio-degradable.
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The final petfood provided for animals is a mixture
of ~arious components, some of which are vegetable in moSt of
the cases. These various components were mixed before being
treated by compression and phase separation. The product obtained
in the ~luable portion has a favourable aspect since the parts
of the various components can easily be seen in form of pieces
of several millimeters.
Certain products present some difficulties in proceed-
ing. The phase separation is much easier in some cases by means
of a curing, complete or partial, before compression.
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Certain produc-ts can be wholly used as foodstuff. In
this case, the press is used instead of a grinding mill~ and the
product obtained has a be-tter aspect.
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Many other products can be treated in the same wayfor obtaining foodstufs as well for human beings as for animals.
It will be understood that this invention is suscep-
tible to modification in order -to adapt to different usages
and conditions, and accordingly it is desired to cormprehend such
rnodification wi-thin the invention as may fall within the scope
of the appended claims.
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