Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
~ 1~38987
INTER~CTIVE VIDEO GAME
AND CONTROL THEREFOR
Background of the Invention
-
Electronic game playing devices which generate signals
for symbols to be displayed on the screen of television type
receivers are known in the prior art and well illustrated by
V.S. Patent Nos. 3,728,480; 3~778,058; 3,829,095; Re 28,507
and Re 28,598. The electronic game playing device
represented by these patents are game attachments for a raster
scan display such as a conventional television receiver or
television monitor and having electrical circuitry or
components for generating signals which when supplied to the
raster scan display will cause the display to show on the
screen thereof moveable game playing indicia or symbols or
spots. The game playing devices may be incorporated in the
raster scan display itself.
The devices of certain ones of the aforementioned
patents may be used to play several different games wherein
certain ones of the symbols rebound from others when
coincident therewith or disappear from the screen of the
display when coincident therewith or experience other
distinctive motions. Typical games employing these features
woull~ be simulated chase games, maze games, ping pong,
hockey, tennis, handball and the like. In certain ones of ~
these categories of games one or more simulated player symbols
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are generated along with a simulated game playing object or ball or puck
symbol such that the player symbols are individually controllable in at
least one direction
Typically each participant or player is provided with one or more
potentiometers for controlling at least the vertical and possibly also the
horizontal location of his displayed player symbol. In a typical game, as
for example, hockey, the puck symbol is caused to execute a horizontal
sweep across the screen of the display unt;7 it is intercepted by a player
symbol across it~ direction of sweep Puck motion is typically controlled
by the charging and discharging of a capacitor, however, digital circuitry 1
such as preset counters have also been used. If the puck i8 not intercepted
by a player but allowed to be hit into the goal then it may mo~fe to an off-
screen position until reset by one of the players. Many other representative
games are also disclosed by the aforementioned patents.
In order to extend the scope of the game playing devices, apparatus 1
was added to the devices described in the aforementioned patent~ to provide
externally generated signals which interact with the signals generated by the
game playing device8. In this manner a participant may play games against
; a nonexistant participant represented by the externally generated signals
This is illustrated in U~S. patent 4,034,990, issued July 12, 1977 for an
interactive Television Gaming System, filed on May 2, 1975. 1~ this
( patent a video recorded source of symbols is illustrated as being couplec
to the game playing devices to automatically position or identify or other-
wise affect certain elements or aspects of the simulated game in accordance
with information recorded on a video disc or tape. In other words, prere-
corded video symbology can actively initiate and become "participantsl' in a
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game or contest. Again referring to the example of a hockey game the
prerecorded signal might contain a pair of simulated goalies which move
randomly in front of their net. As far as the viewer/player is concerned,
the difference between the player controlled and this ~Isynthetic~ off-the-
video tape or disc symbology is merely that he only controls the position of
his generated and controlled symbols, the synthetic goalies being endowed
with the same capability of catching or rebounding a puck symbol just as if
they were generated and controlled by a second player.
The field of ~ideo games was further expanded by the system ~etforth
in Canadian Patent Application Serial No. 362 ,040 for an Interactive Video
Playback Unit Supported Video Game System, filed October 9, ]980, where
the presence of digital data recorded on a video tape or disc constitutes a
data bank related to the real-time video signals representing information to
be displayed into which it i5 nested, and allowing, for example, such
previously impractical capabilities as handing-off of a simulated hockey puck lcfrom human participant/players to prerecorded "hockey players~' on the
screen and vice versa. As a further consequence, complex "plays" can be
executed by prerecorded, moving player~ which can be interrupted by inter-
vention from the player/participant controlled player symbols on the screen
O For example, in a hockey game, the participant might interject a
hockey player under his control into the prerecorded action taking plac0 on
the screen and take the puck away from one of the prerecorded players, such
that the puck stays under the participant2s control until the puck is again
intercepted by a prerecorded player, The play then may revert to a totally
prerecorded mode. Thus, it i~ possible for a single player participant to
play against one or more prerecorded opponent player~, who will execute
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"winning" moves toward scoring a goal unless intercepted by the p1ayer
controlled by the human participant. Alternately, a prerecorded player
could be handed off to the human participant The features of that invention,
when added to a prerecorded-TV-game system, makes this mode- of play - - -
particularly practical for use by the home viewer who has video playback
apparatus .
As still another example, a game of football can be implemented with
the principles of the invention of Application Serial No. 362,040. In this game,
. the players/participants are each typically provided with a ~oystick and two
multiposition switches. An appropriate prerecorded video disc or tape is
inserted into a video playback unit. The disc or tape initiates action by
programming the memory associated with the TV game circuitry; this data
having been prerecorded during the vertical interval of the first few fields
of the composite video and synch signal This initial loading of the game
circuit memory with simulated football playe r symbology and with an 1
appropriate 6eries of 6tored commands program6 the appearance of the
"football player~" and "ball" symbols on the CRT screen; and subsequently,
additional digital data extracted from the vertical blanking interval provides
part-time control of the 6y~nbol6 on screen, Specifically, this program
control may govern the appearance and reactions of the "football" symbol;
and similarly, the appearance and reactions of the "football players". Such
reactions include "team players" moving to catch balls in their own
proximity; and "opposition" players trying to tackle ball-carriers who move
into the proximity of the tacklers, Furthermore, digital data extracted from
the vertical blanking interval will instruct the video playback unit as to the
manner in which these reactions or player/particlpant commands or selected
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game play will be allowed to control the football players.
In this example~ each player/participant has a six-man team and a
football available for this interactive game, The participants may now use
one of their three switch positions to select a particular "play", Thus, the
offensive player might chose between l'pass", "runl' or "kick", while the 5
defensive player might call for a l'3-man rushl', a "4-man rushl' or a "blitz".
With each player having the option of selecting one of three strategies, there
are nine possible resultant plays. Each play can reside on a separate section
of the video disc or tape, The disc provides commands such as "line-up",
"hike", "player move forward", "move right", "move fast", etc. Specifically , lCsuch commands are readily nested in an 8-bit word instruction, which allows
each of the thirteen symbols on-screen to be individually addressed by 16
different, prerecorded commands. These instructions are stored in the
vertical retrace interval. The remainder of the video field contains an
appropriate background display for the play. 15
The predetermined play continue~ to control th0 team's movements
until one of the player/participants moves hi~ joystick; this movement is
sensed by the game logic circuits and allows ~'handing off" the player symbol
chosen via the 3-position player selection switch, to manual joystick control;
we may now correspond the three positions of the switch to the three ~'backs" 20of a team. The machine may obtain control if the ball moves close to a
player symbol. In this case, the manual commands or predetermined play
may be interrupted so that microprocessor and game circuitry logic can
substitute commands (player reactions~ resulting in a pass reception, inter-
ception and so forth. Finally, at the completion of a "playl', the game logic 25
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causes a new play to be implemented.
This latter system is limited in that the basic plays are permanently
predetermined leaving only a minor amount of basic play creativity in the
,i hands of the participant.
Summarv of the Invention 5
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to extend the scope of
video type game playing apparatus,
It i9 another object of this invention to add flexibility to video game,
educational and training apparatus by permitting the user to program the
apparatus during use thereof with varied and distinct programs such as the 10
ne~t play to be run.
Briefly, in a digital processor controlled, interactive video game,
such as a simulated football game, player symbols representing the l'team
memberslt are shown on the screen of a television receiver or cathode ray
tube monitor and are caused to move through a series of preprogrammed 15
moves. Each of the individual l'team-memberl' symbols shown on the screen
first appear in a preprogrammed formation, such as a defensive or offensive
grouping of the various player symbols. A keyboard entry system displaying
directional arrows is then used by the human participant to program each one
of sav, five sequential moves of a particular player symbol, for example, the 20
quarterback. This preprogramming may typically, be a straight movement
backwards, a diagonal movement downward and rearward, followed by three
forward movements. Having completed the preprogramming of the quarter-
back~s desired movements on-screen, the human participant may next
preprogram a similar sequence of keystroke entries for each of the remainin~ 25
programmable player ~ymbols, Each symbol awaiting programming may be
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caused to blink to indicate its readiness to accept program commands. Both
teams are programmed in similar manner by the human participants.
When both participants have programmed all of their l'team members",
a processor is instructed to cause the desired symbol movements to be
executed on the television screen. 5
The invention further includes the complementary use of joysticks
colocated with each of the direction command entry keyboards to allow
shifting the location of one's entire "team" on-screen in a vertical, up-and-
down, direction or, alternatively, through joystick control have horizontal
movement to speed up or slow down players. This latter feature allows the 10
participant to superimpose manual positioning control on tho3e resulting
from the participant programmed processor machine-commands.
. Another feature of the invention is the use of the same directional-
command keyboards to initiate the motion of a synnbol representing, say, a
football being thrown by the quarterback, such that the ball~s flight will be in 15
the direction of the arrow associated with the key depressed by the human
participant Thus, the keystroke will determine both the instant of launching
the ball as well as its direction of flight. The joystick control will not affect
the predetermined path of the "ball" but the players will still be controllable
to guide a receiver into the path of the 'Iball'' to make a completed pass. 20
Brief Description of the Drawings
The above-mentioned and other features and objects of this invention
will become more apparent by reference to the following description taken in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a drawing in block and schematic form illustrating a preferrec 25
embodiment of the invention;
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FIG. Z is a perspective diagram of an input device employed in the
embodiment of FIG. l;
FIGS. 3 - 5 are sketches illustrating a typical operation of the embo-
diment of FIG. l;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a controlling program for the embodiment 5
of FIG. l; and
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a symbol generator
employed in the embodiment of FIG. 1.
Description of a Preferred Embodiment
Referring now to the drawings, there is illustrated thereby one embo- 10
diment of the invention. This embodiment will be described in conjunction
with a simulated football game, however, the principles of the invention may
be employed for many different types of games or other activities. In the
football game described herein a program is entered into a program memory
10 through an entry device such as a magnetic or paper tape reader or the lik~ ,15
or the program may be stored in the program memory through hard wired
components. The program memory in this embodiment is preferably a
read-only memory (ROM~,
For a typical football game to be played using the present invention the
program memory 10 iB programmed with ~'the rules of footballl'. These rules , 2Cof course, are modified and simplified so that only certain of them as
necessary for the playing of the particular game are ~tored. The program
memory can be ROM located in the game unit or ROM located in a cartridge
insertible into the game unit such that a variety of games may be played by
merely changing the plug-in cartridge. Alternatively, the cartridge may 25
contain a magnetic tape which is inserted into a tape playback device in the
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game unit or external thereto, but electrically connected to the game unit.
Such magnetic tape would be programmed in accordance with the "rules~ of
the game to be played as well as with any background graphics such as
outlines of playing fields, baseball diamonds, etc.
Another item to be stored in program memory 10 is the starting
- position of the players, The playexs are generated by symbol generators 12
which provide symbology representing the players on the screen of a cathode
ray tube display 13. The players are represented, for example, as squares
or rectangles or other geometric figures. Alternat*ely, the symbol
generators can, as is well known in the art, employ read-only memories whi h 1
would be programmed to display symbology on display 13 which would be
configured more like real life players.
Initially, program memory 10 is read-out through a microprocessor 14
and the output thereof applied through a processor interface 16 to display the
players in an initial start~ing position, This i8 illustrated in FIG. 3 of the 15
drawings wherein five players are illustrated for each team, although any
number of players i5 possible, For e~ample, in a football game each team
may include eleven players to enhance reality. The offensive team is
represented by the white player~ and the defensive team by the black players,
The offensive players 18, Z0 and 22 form the offensive line. Player 24 re- 20
presents a quarterback and player 26 represents a running back.~ The
defensive players shown in black are players 28, 30 and 32 constituting the
defensive line and two defensive backs 34 and 36. These players are initially
displayed in the position shown at the start of a game,
One of the primary features of this invention is to provide additional 25
programming other than that stored in program memory 10 to allow the
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¦ participants to prograIn one or more of the players shown in FlG. 3 co
¦ execute a predetermined set of moves during game play. This is illustrated
¦ in FIG. 4 of the drawings wherein the quarterback 24 is programmed to
¦ execute the moves represented by arrows 38, 40, 4Z, 44 and 46. That is,
¦ a progran~ is entered into a read/write memory 48 of FIG. 1 from an input
device 50 to have the player, in this instance quarterback 24, execute a
¦ programmed set of moves when play of the game begins. In FIG. 4 the
¦ programmed moves are shown as having quarterback 24 rnove diagonally to
¦ the left along the path 38 then straight down along the path 40 and then to the
¦ right along paths 42, 44 and 46. In a particular game only one or two of the
¦ players on each side might be BO programmed or all of the players may be
¦ individually programmed. Unprogrammed players may be programmed
¦ permanently through the memory 10, for example, to execute the same moves
¦ each play irrespective of how the other players are programmed ~pecifically
I for each new play. 1:
¦ In one embodinnent of the game, microproces~or 14, through the
¦ program ~tored in program m~mory lO, cause6 each o the ten displayed
¦ players to be programmed before playing of the game actually begins. One
¦ way of doing this is to have, for example, one of the five offensive players
¦ blink such that the participant will know that this i8 the player to be pro- ;
¦ graIr~ned. For example~ quarterback 24 will blink wherein the participant
¦ will program this player for, for example, five distinct moves as illustrated
¦ in FIG. 4. When the five distinct moves are entered into read/write memory
48 via the processor 14, then another of the o~fensive players will be caused
to blink and the participant can then program that player for five moves.
At the same time the participant representing the defense wiil also be
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allowed to program his players to execute predetermined moves in the same
fashion as the offensive player and each of the defensive players represented
by the black squares will blink in succession whereupon blinking the parti-
cipant representing the defense will program one player and when the five
moves are entered for this player, the black square will cease blinking and 5
another player will start to blink and it will be programmed.
In this fashion all ten players represented in FIGS. 3 and 4 are pro-
grammed to execute a number of moves upon the start of a game. In addition
or as an alternative thereto the input devices may be used to position displaye~ l
10 players prior to game play or during game play. For example, after the 10players line up in a particular fashion such as shown in FIG 3, it may be
desired that prior to game play this alignment be changed. For example,
instead of having backs 24 and 26 line up in an "I" formation tone back behind
the other) they may be aligned side-by-side or it may be desired, for example
to have a team go into a huddle prior to start of a play simulating real game 15
action. This can be done with the input device in the manner described herein
The controlling program for the game would be amended to ailow such change
in starting alignment, either before such preprogramming of the player moves
or thereafter.
In other games it may even be more desirable to have such a feature Z0
of changing alignment. For example, in a baseball type game, in certain
circumstances it would be desirable to move the defensive players about just
as they are moved about in a real game of baseball. In a simulated war game
it might be desirable to move an artillery piece, for example, behind a farm
Z5 house. It thus should be understood that while certain types of moves and 25
sequences of moves are described herein, these are exemplary only and
many different types of simulated playing capabilities may be employed, all
of which use the principles described herein.
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In the embodiment illustrated the programming of the players is carriet
out using input devices 50 and 52 which are schematically illustrated in FIG.
1 and pictorially illustrated by input device 50 of FIG. 2.
When all the available player symbols have been programmed, micro-
processor 14 outputs the required control data to sy~nbol positioning inputs of 5
the symbol generators 12, thus, causing the symbol generators to produce
movements of the CRT-displayed symbols in the preprogrammed paths,
Refel~ring to FIG, 2, it is seen that input device 50 comprises a key-
board 54 having nine keys thereon, The programming of a player is accom-
plished by successively pushing one of the nine keys. For example, to 10
carry out the program of quarterback 24 as illustrated in FIG, 4, the
¦ participant first pushes the key 56 to program the move 38. The participan~
¦ then pushes the key 58 to program the move 40 and finally pushes the key 60 '
¦ three times to program the movès 42, 44 and 46, In like fashion the other
players are programmed in the same manner by depressing the keys having 15
vectors thereon indicating the moves which the players are to execute when
play begins, Note that keyboard 54 also includes a key indicated by a zero
thereon rather than a vector, This key is used by the participant to program
the players when it is desired that at that particular portion of the play the
2q player will not move but hold his position for a period of $ime. 20
While the present embodiment only requires that microprocessor 14
query the status of the keys, it i8 well within the scope of the invention to
query how long a key has been depressed, Such a feature is particularly
' useful in other games where it may be desired to pitch a ball fast or slow
or hit a ball a long distance or a short distance, 25
In an alternative embodiment set plays are stored in the microprocesso r
memory and the human participants select a defensive and offensive play to
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~1389~7
be run rather than programming the play using the input devices 50 and 5Z.
In such embodiment the keyboard or other switching means would be used to
select the stored plays. However, joystick control as to be described here-
inafter may still be used.
The input device 50 contains, in addition to the keyboard 54, a joystick 5
64, connected to a potentiometer 65, which in this embodiment can be moved
up or down, however, alternatively, it could be made to move in any directiol .Joystick 64 is used by the participant during the playing of the game, that is,
while the players are executing their moves. It is employed to move the
entire team, either the offense or the defense, up or down on the screen. 10
This is also indicated in FIG. 4, however, again, only for the quarterback.
After the move 42 has been executed by the quarterback such that the player
will be in position 65, the joystick 64 can be moved upward which will cause
the quarterback to move along vector 66 to a new position 67, The joystick
can be used only to move the quarterback or whoever has the ball in this 15
fashion or can be so programmed such that the entire team will move in a
desired distance. In like fashion, moving the joystick 64 down will cause
the quarterback to execute a vector 68 to a new position 69 and will likewise
cause all the rest of the players on the offens*e team to move in that
direction and a distance represented by vector 68 to new positions on the 20
screen of the display 13. Two axis joystick control may also be used so as
to give the human participant still more interactive capability. In this case,
a small amount of horizontal movement of the associated team will be
pos sible,
While a simple joystick will suffice for an analog implementation of the 25
symbol generators, if the symbol generators are to be implemented with
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1~L389~
digital counters then the output of the potentiometer is applied to an analog
to digital converter in conventional fashion,
Alternatively, push buttons may be used instead of the joystick to cause
one player or the entire team to move in a predetermined direction in the
manner discussed hereinbefore, 5
Additional controls may be added to the input devices to allow varying
the speed of a player during game play, etc,
Multiple joysticks may be provided so that multiple players on one
team can be moved independently, This is particularly desirable in that it
creates a game playable by more than two human participants, 10
Program memory 10 in addition to containing the "rules of football" by
which the game is carried out is also programmed so as to provide via
scoring generators 70 an output to display 13 indicating what has happened
after a play has been completed, that is, whether a touchdown has been
scored or what down it is, how many yards for a first down, and the like, 15
The input device 50 is illustrated in schematic form in FIG, 1 where it
is shown that each of the buttons are in fact switches, The state of these
switches is comnlunicated to the microprocessor 14 via lines 7Z, 74 and 76
, when the microprocessor queries the state of these switches via lines 78,
80, 82, 84, 86 and 88 through a strobing process, For example, micro- 20
processor 14 will cause line 78 to apply a pulse to the switches 90, 92 and 56
and the state of these switches will be indicated by signals returned to
microprocessor 14 via lines 72, 74 and 76, If a signal is received on, for
example, line 76 after applying a signal along line 78 then the microprocesso .
Z5 is apprised that in fact switch 56 has been closed, 25
The keyboard 54 used by the participant representing the offensive
¦ team has a func: on in addition to that of programming the moves of the
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players, as described above. It is used to allow the quarterback Z4 to throw
a pass to another player. This is illustrated in FIG 5 wherein the players
are shown in new positions on the screen of the display after having executed
some of the move~ programmed previously. If the participant believes that
the quarterback is in a position such that it is desirable to throw a pass to a 5
receiver 94, he executes this through the keyboard 54 by depressing one of
the vector keys. In the illustrated example, the par$icipant, by pressing a
key 96, causes a ball 98 to move in the direction of the vector on that key,
namely, in the direction represented by line 100 in FIG. 5. The ball, as
shown, will proceed along the direction 100 until it is received by player 94. 10
In the event one of the defensive players is positioned along line 100 between
quarterback Z4 and the receiver 94 then the ball will be intercepted. The
input device can also be used to simulate on the screen, kickoffs, kicking of
field goals, and the like.
While input device 50 has been illustrated as comprising a plurality 15
of keys, other implementations may be employed which will provide a
similar function. Exemplary, but not totally inclusive of these i9 a
combination rotary and pushbutton switch. Such a switch would include a
knob with a directional arrow thereon. The knob would be turned so that
Z0 the directional arrow is pointing in the selected direction and the information 20
conveyed thereby inputted to the microprocessor by pushing the knob.
Referring now to FI;. 6, there is illustrated thereby the flow chart of
a typical controlling program for the system of FIG. 1. This program is
Il ~ ii389~37
stored in the ROM of microprocessor 14, namely, program memory 10. In
¦ a typical football type game playable with the system previously described,
I the steps 100, 102 of the controlling program starts the game by occasioning
¦ a resetting of the program memory 10 and initializing the read~write memory
1 48. The controlling program also occasions microprocessor 14 to move the
players to their starting position as defined by the program stored in the
program memory 10 and as indicated by typical positiorls shown in FIG. 3 of
the drawings. Step 104 of the controlling program initiates the programming
of the player moves such that the participant can enter such player moves in
O read/write memory 48 by the input devices 50 and 52 as previously described 1
During step 108, microprocessor 14 strobes the keyboards 54 of the input
devices 50 and 52 and enters the information therefrom into the memory 48.
Program step 108 occasions the microprocessor to deter~nine if all the
.: information has bee~ entered by the keyboard; if not, then the controlling
program reverts back to step 104 as indicated by a line 109. 15
. Once the microprocessor has determined that all the players have been
programmed via the input devices 50, 5Z, the microprocessor instructs play
to begin as shown in step 110. That is, the microprocessor looks to see if
all fifty commands have been keyed in by the input devices 50 and 52. When
they have, as indicated by step 110 of the controlling program, play begins ~ 2C
and the players begin to execute the moves in the manner programmed by
the input devices 50 and 52 Alternatively, the input devices can include a
switch for the offensive team to "hike" ball causing play to begin.
. Step 112 i8 executed by having the microprocessor again strobe the
keyboard 54 to determine if a pass instruction has been entered as previously 2
described. If no pass instruction has been entered via input device 50 then,
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as indicated by step 114 of the controlling program, ~he players will continue
to move in the manner programmed until the play ends as indicated by step
118 of the controlling program. If the play has ended, then, step lZ0 of the
program is executed to cause a calculation to be made as to whether a score
has occurred, or whether a number of yards has been gained, what down it 5
is, and so forth. This information is displayed on display 13 via scoring
generators 70.
As indlcated by line 121 the play of the game then reverts to step 104
whereby the players are moved to their starting position and memory 48 is
readied to be programmed by input devices 50, 52 for the next play. 10
If game play has not ended at step 118, the controlling program via a
line 119 will again cause the microprocessor to "read" the keyboard and see
if a pass instruction has been entered. If a pass was entered and the pass
made as shown in step 114 of the controlling program the ball will be moved
as shown by sltep 122 in the fashion illustrated in FIG. 5 of the drawings. 15After the ball has been moved the players will continue to move in the
manner programmed by the input device until the ball is either caught or not
caught, as indicated by step 126 of the controlling program. If the ball is not
caught, it must be determined whether the ball is still in play. If it is not inplay any longer then via line 129 a determination is made that an end of play~ 20
has occurred and scoring is calculated as per instruction 120, If the ball is
still in play, then it is continued to be moved. If the ball is caught when the
instruction lZ6 is executed then the ball and players move until play ceases,
whereupon step 120 is executed.
The processor interface 16 is conventional circuitry employed to inter- 25
face microprocessor 1- with the symbol generators lZ, scoring generator 70
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~38~87
and input devices 50 and 5Z. The interface with the scoring generators 70 is
simply output logic while the interface to the input devices 50 and 52 comprise s
input and output sensors as is conventional in the art, For interfacing with
the symbol generators to provide control signals thereto, tri-state buffers
are preferably employed as described hereinafter. i
~eferring now to FIG. 7 of the drawings, there is illustrated thereby a
typical ~ymbol generator and means for providing control signals thereto to
cause movement of the symbols, such control being provided from micro-
processor 14 and potentiometer 65~ The player symbol is generated by a
O symbol generator shown within the dotted lines 130. Syrrlbol generators 12 1(
compri~e a number of these, SyInbol generator 130 is so configured as to
allow for simultaneous control from multiple sources of movement corr~nands
as, for example, microprocessor 14 and potentiometer 65.
In this embodiment symbol generator 130 comprises four ~oltage com-
parators 132, 134, 136 and 138 tied to a voltage sourcel40 via a resistorl42. 15
Each of these comparators has a plus and minus input and is configured such
that when the plus input i8 greater than the minus input the comparator output
will be in a high state and when the minus input i8 greater than the plus input
the comparator will be in a low state. The output of the co~parator func-
tionally looks like a switch such that when the comparator is high the switch 2C
is effectively open, and when the comparator is low the switch is effectively
shorted to ground. Thus, if all four of the comparators 132, 134, 136 and
138 are in the high state a game symbol is derived at an output 144, however,
when any one of the compara~ors is in the low state there is no output at 144.
Comparators 132 and 134 provide the horizontal portion of the-game 2
symbol and conlparators 136 and 138 provide the vertical portion thereof.
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The plus input to comparator 132 i9 the signal at a node 146. Node 146
has two inputs; one input is received from microprocessor 14 via a tri-state
buffer 148, constituting a portion of processor interface 16, and a resistor
150. The second input is a sawtooth waveform 152, having a period equal to
63. 5 microseconds, the horizontal sweep rate for United States television 5
systems, which is applied to node 146 via a capacitor 154. Sawtooth signal
152 is generated in phase with the hori70ntal sweep circuits of the raster
scan display 13. The minus input at node 146 is a d, c. reference voltage
taken from a voltage divider comprising resistors 158, 160 and 16Z.
Tri-state buffer 148 is conventional and configured to output either a 10
high voltage state, a low voltage state or an open circuit stateO
Comparator 132 compares the voltage at the plus input thereto, which
is the output from sawtooth source 164 offset by the d. c. voltage from tri-
state buffer 148, with the voltage at the minus input, the reference voltage
from a line 166 connected to the voltage divider comprising resistors 158, 15160 and 162.
Comparator 134 is configured similar to comparator 132, however, its
minus input is instead coupled to node 146, and comprises the sawtooth from
source 164 offset by the output of tri-state buffer 148. The plus input to
comparator~ 124 i9 a reference voltage from the voltage divider comprising 20resistors 158, 160 and 162 and is applied via a line 168. The d. c. reference
input to the plus input of comparator 134 is a higher voltage than the d. c.
reference input to the minus input of comparator 132.
, When the voltage at node 146, comprising the sawtooth 152 offset by the
; 25 d~ c. output from tri-state buffer 148, exceeds the reference voltage applied 25
at the minus input via line 166, comparator 13Z will be in its high state and
-,'
:.
1~9.
ms
Il
1 ~1389~7
therefore in an open condition, Al~o; when voltage at ncde 146 exceeds the
reference voltage applied to the plu~ input of comparator 134 via line 168
I that comparator will go from a high to a low state Thu~ the horizontal
¦ portion of the game symbol is generated at a position on the screen corres-
ponding to the time that comparator 132 goes high and the width of the symbol
i~ proportional to the time lapse between comparator 132 going high and
comparator 134 going low. The crossover point when the sawtooth ramp
voltage equals the reference voltage on line 166 i~ adjusted by varying the
d. c. offset at node 146. Microprocessor 14 can thus adjust the horizontal
position of the game symbol in this manner. 1
In other words the function of comparator 132 is to sense and designate
the point when to start writing the game syrnbol on the display. Comparator
134 establishes a fixed delay beyond such point to designate the end of a
game symbol. Thus, some other circuit ~r~y be used instead of comparator
1347 as for example, a monostable multivibrator. 15
Thus, the microprocessor 14 positions symbols on the screen of the
display by adjusting the d. c. bias (or d. c. off~et) voltage at the inputs to the
comparators. The output of tri-state buffer 148 acts to either: (1) remove
some charge from capacitor 154, or (2) apply additional charge to capacitor
Z0 154~ or (3) leave conditions as they exist. The effect of this is to cause the ' 2
game 6ymbol to move with three different velocitie~ due to the charge on
capacitr 154
Comparator 136 of the vertical portlon of symbol generator 130 receives
an input at its plu~ input from a node 170 comprising a signal 17Z from a
~5 sawtooth source 174 which signal has a period equal to 16 7 milliseconds, the 2
vertical sweep rate for U. S. television system This signal is applied to
."
D -3521
RIS:ms
1~
n ode 170 via a capacitor 176, Signal from source 174 is offset by a d. c.
level from a tri-state buffer 178 configured like tri-state buffer 148, The
output o tri-state buffer 178 is applied to node 170 via a resistor 180, The
minus input to comparator 136 is a reference voltage applied via a line 18Z,
Comparator 138, the other comparator constituting the vertical 5
portion of symbol generator 130, receives as its minus input the voltage at
node 170, namely, the sawtooth 172 offset by the output from tri-state buffer
178, while the plus input receives a reference voltage via a line 184.
The reference voltages for comparators 136 and 138 differ from the
10 reference voltages for comparators 132 and 134 in that they are not fixed 10
voltages but rather variable voltages. These voltages at lines 182, and 184
are taken from opposite terminals of a resistor 186 in the collector circuit
of a transistor 188 with the collector voltage supply for transistor 188 being
applied via potentiometer 65 operates by joystick 64 of FIG, Z, The voltage
15 on line 182, of course, is alway~ less than the voltage on line 184, The 15
reference voltages for comparators 136 and 138 are thus made to track
potentiometer 65. The current through resistor 186 is set constant by the
current source comprising transistor 188 and a resistor 190,
T ri -state buff e r s 148 and 17 8 a re typically inte g r ate d cir cuit s, type no,
20 CD4051BE made by RCA while the comparators 132, 134, 136 and 138 are 20
typically integrated circuits, type no, MC 3302P made by Motorola,
Comparator 138 which establishes the end of character can be replaced
: by some delay circuit such as a monostable multivibrator as in the case of
comparator 134, discussed above,
It is thus seen that this configuration of a symbol generator for gene- 25
rating a game symbol allows for simultaneous control from two sources of
D -~21
RIS r~s
l 1138S~
movement commands In the present embodiment the vertical movement
¦ commands are derived frorn two sources: keyboards 50 via microprocessor
; ¦ 14 and joystick 64. The horizontal movement commands are derived only
¦ fro~n keyboards 50 via microprocessor 14.
¦ In addition to the feature of allowing simultaneous control from two 5
sources of movemerlt commands, another feature of the symbol generators
is that the system generates correction signals to a game symbol to cause it
to appear at a predetermined position. This feature employs a latch circuit
l 192 having an input thereto from a horizontal counter 194 and a vertical
¦ counter 196. The horizontal and vertical counters are initiated by the hori- 10
zontal and syncllronization signals of the video system not shown herein for
¦ purposes of simplification and clarity. When a symbol is generated at
¦ output 198, that is, when comparators 132, 134, 136 and 138 are all in the
¦ high or open states, a signal is applied via a line 200 to the latch circuit 192
¦ which stores the cartesian coordinates of the symbol, namely, the horizontal 15
¦ and vertical counts from horizontal and vertical counters 194 and 196. These
¦ cartesian coordinates are applied via a line 200 to the input to micropro-
cessor 14 which then l'knows" where the symbol is on the display screen
The microprocessor then can be programmed to generate correction signal~
I to move from the game symbol from the known position to a new position. 20
¦ While the invention has been described in conjunction with a particular
¦ video football game, it is not limited thereto and many different games such
as baseball, hockey~ soccer, polo, etc, may be employed using the
principles of the invention. Thus, it is to be understood that the embodi-
25 ¦ ments shown are illustrative only, and that many variations and modifications 25
¦ may be made without departing from the principles of the invention herein
disclosed and defined by the appended claims,
.
