Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
Back~round o~ the Invention
Field of the Invention
The invention is directed to a downhole double acting
pump for use in wells. More particularly~ the invention is
directed to a downhole double acting pump for pumping well
fluids from a reservoir ~o ~hs surface of the well.
Prior ~rt
In the production of well liquids it is ofken necessary
to utilize means, other than reservoir energy, to lift the
liquids to the surface of the well~ Various methods have been
used for this purpose, including pumps tha~ are placed within
the bore of production tubing extending into the production
zone. The pump would be located below the ~urface of the well
l~quids and driven by some external force to force the liquids
to the ~urface of the well~
Typical of the prior art pumping devices is the pump
taught in U.S. Patent 3,617,152, issued to Leslie Lo Cummings.
There is shown an automatic we'l pump utilizing compressed
power air or gas to displace well production liquids ~rom the
well bore~ This pump is referred to in the art as a single
action pump and requixes relative high pressures in order to
lift well liquids to the surface of th2 well.
A well pump requiring hydraulic pressure for operation is
:
taught in ~.S. Patent 4,084,923, issued to Geoxge K. Roeder.
In ~his pump, the pistons are driven by more than one engine~
The inven~ion us~s a hollow pis~on rod to supply power fluid
to a lower engine.
It has been a goal of those skilled in the art to develop
a double acting pump ~hat will operate on a relatively small
power requirement and which could be placed at relatively deep
depths in a wellO In addition, it would be desirable to
provide a pump which could be used in through the flow line
(TFL) serviced wells. This would allow use of the pump in a
plurality of wells which have flow lines terminatîng at a
single production platform, such as found in off shore oil
production.
Objects o~ the Invention
It is an object of this invention to provide a method and
system of operating a down hole pump which is gas driven and
which will operate in wells in which the hydrostatic head of
liquid in the tubing prior to beginning the operation of the
pump system exerts a greater pressure per s~uare inch than
does the operating gas.
Another object is to provide a method and system for
operating a well pump in which fluid in the tubing is gas
lifted until the column is light enough that the pump ~ay
operate against the back pressure exerted by the liquid in the
tubing.
Another object is to provide a well pump in which the gas
after operating the pump is mixed with the fluids being pumped
to aerate the well fluids as they pass up the tubing.
Another object is to provide a double acting pump having
control means which has no dead spots and is positive in its
operation.
--2--
Another object is to provide a double acting pump which
will not pound.
. Another object is to provide a well pump in which the
. speed of the pump may be controlled from the surface.
Another object is to provide a well pump in which the
. well fluids are not relied upon to move the pump parts but the
pump parts are all moved positively by the force of the power
gas.
`. Summary o the Invention
The invention includes a downhole double-acting pump
comprising a tubular housing~ a valve body positioned in the
intermediate portion of said tubular housing providing upper
and lower body chambers within said housing, a piston posi-
tioned within each of said body chambers providing a pump
chamber and a power chamber, means connecting the pistons,
~ means for supplying power fluid to the valve body, said valve
~ body having a closed main cylinder therein, a main valve
member reciprocal in said cylinder and having an intermediate
and first and second endwise seals, a fluid inlet port into
said main cylinder positioned such that as the main valve
member reciprocates the intermediate seals passes said inlet
port, first and second outlet ports in said main valve cylin-
der on opposite sides of said inlet port, passageways respec-
tively connecting said upper and lower power chambers with
said cylinder at points intermediate the inlet and outlet
ports, said first and second endwise s~als alternately connec-
ting said passageways with said inlet port and one of said
outlet ports, a pilot valve cylinder extending through said
valve body and having an inlet and outlets straddling said
inlet, passageways extending respectively between each end of
said main valve cylinder and the pilot valve cylinder inter-
mediate the inlet and each outlet port, a pilot valve member
in said pilot valve cylinder having an intermediate and first
-3-
- ~ .
. . .
: " ~
and second endwise seals thereon, said pilot valve interme-
diate seal passing over the pilot valve inlet port with
reciprocation of said pilot valve, said pilot valve interme-
diate and endwise seals alternately connecting said pilot
valve inlet and outlets with respective ones of said passage-
ways between the main and pilot valves/ resilient means
carried by each of said pistons and engageable with said pilot
valve as each piston approaches said valve body, and check
valve means associated with said pump chambers to control
movement of well liquids therethrough.
The invention includes a downhole double acting pump
comprising a tubular housing adapted to be received and housed
within a well tubing string, a valve body, positioned in said
housing, forming an upper chamber above and a lower chamber
below said valve body within said housing, a piston positioned
within each of said chambers to provide in said upper chamber
an upper pumping chamber and an upper pressure chamber, and in
said lower chamber a lower pumping chamber and a lower pres-
sure chamber, said upper and lower pumping chambers being in20 fluid communication with said tubing string above said pump, a
piston rod reciprocally movable through said valve body
connecting the pistons, said valve body having a closed main
cylinder therein, a main valve member reciprocal in said
cylinder and having an intermediate and first and second
endwise seals thereon, a passageway in the main valve member
interconnecting the exterior of the valve member between the
intermediate and one endwise seal with the end of the valve
member carrying the other endwise seal, a fluid inlet port
into said main cylinder positioned such that as the main valve
member reciprocates the intermediate seal passes said inlet
port, first and second outlet ports in said cylinder on
opposite sides of said inlet port, passageways respectively
connecting said upper and lower pressure chambers with said
cylinder at points intermediate the inlet and outlet ports,
said intermediate and first and second endwise seals alter-
nately connecting said passageways with said inlet ports and
one of said outlet ports, a pilot valve cylinder extending
through said valve body and having an inlet and an outlet, a
passageway between the pilot valve cylinder and the end of the
main valve cylinde~ adjacent the othPr endwise seal, a pilot
valve member in said pilot valve cylinder having first and
second seal means thereon, said pilot valve alternately
connecting said pilot valve inlet and outlet with the main
valve cylinder at its end adjacent the other main valve member
endwise seal, resilient means carried by each of said pistons
and engageable with said pilot valve as each piston approaches
said valve body, and said pumping chambers having check valve
means to control well liquids entering and exiting said
chambers.
Brief Descrlptlon of the Drawin~s
FIGURE 1 is a schematic view in section, of a well pump
installation embodying the invention;
FIGURE 2 is a schematic view in section, of a well pump
installation employing an alternative embodiment of the
invention;
FIGURE 3A-D are quarter sectional, vertical views of a
landing nipple, connected in a tubing string, housing the
double acting pump of the invention, which is shown partly in
elevation and partly in section;
FIGURE 4 is a horizontal cross-sectional view taken on
the line 4-4 of FIGURE 3C and is on the same sheet of drawing
as FIGURE l;
FIGURE 5 is a plan sectional view of the valve body, of
one embodiment of the invention, within the pump housing as
positioned in a landing nipple;
5-
~, ~ r ~ .
3~
FIGURE 6 is a plan sectional view of the embodiment,
.~ illustrated in FIGURE 5, showing the reverse stroke of the
. pump;
FIG~RE 7 is a plan sectional view of ~he valve body of
.: the preferred embodiment of the invetnion; and
FIGURES 8A-C are schematic sectional views of the valve
body of the invention showing sequencing of the pilot and main
` valve in operation of the pump~
Detailed Des~ription of the Preferred Embodiments
In FIG~RE 1, there is schematically depicted a well
having a casing 18 and production tubing 14 positioned therein
and extending below the surface 74 of well liquids. Well
uids enter the casing 18 through per~orations 44 in the
~ casing 18. Positioned within the bore 16 of the tubing 14 is
one embodiment of the downhole pump, generally designated by
the numeral 10. A suitable fluid for powering the pump 10 is
transmitted to the pump 10 by conduit 22 extendin~ to the pump
10 from the surface of the well.
Typically, the pump 10 of the invention includes a tubular
~ 20 housing, adapted to be received within the bore of a suitable
;` landing nipple 90, as depicted in FIGURES 3A-D, which would be
made up in the tubing string 14. A valve body 42 for direct-
ing fluid flow in the housing is positioned within the housing
to provide upper chambers 48 and 52 and lower chambers 46 and
50.
; A piston 36 is positioned in the upper chambers to pro-
vide an upper pumping chamber 48 and an upper pressure chamber
52. In like manner, there is positioned in the lower chamber~
a piston 38 to provide a lower pumping chamber 46 and a lower
pressure chamber 50. Pistons 36 a~d 38 are preferably con-
nected to a piston rod 40 which extends through the valve body
42~
--6--
Well liquids enter th~ lower pumping chamber 46 through
flow passage 72 housing a check valve 64. This iæ done on
upward movement of the piston 38~ which expands lower pumping
chamber 46 and unseats check valve 64. The lower pressure
chamber 50 would be exhausting at this time, with the exhaust
being directed by the valve body 42 ~hrough a suitable pass-
ageway 28 into a conduit ~6. The exhaust exiting the valve
body via conduit 26 would preferably enter the tubing 14 at a
suitable entry port 30. The exhaust fluid entering the tubing
14 at the entry port 30 would provide aeration to well liquids
being lifted to the well surfacet enhancing the lifting capa-
bility of the pump lO hy reducing the fluid column pressure,
resulting in a lower supply gas pressure.
During the upward movement of the piston 38, which is now
filling pumping chamber 46, the piston 36 is pumping out the
well liquids collected in pwnping chamber 48. Well liquids
exiting cage 76 have unseated ~he check valve 60 therein and
caused check valve 58 to close the upper pumping chamber 48
well liquids entry port 59. Power fluids from the well sur-
face are directed through conduit 2Z into valve body passage-
way 24 and thence into upper pressure chamber 52. Thus, theexpansion of the upper pressure chamber 52 causes upward
travel of piston 36 and emptying of upper pumping chamber ~8.
Reversal of the stroke of the piston rod 40 is caused by
valving contained in the valve body 42t which will be dis-
cussed in detail hereinafter. However, well liquids exiting
the lower pumping chamber 46 enter cage 70 and pass the check
valve 62 housed therein. These exiting well liquids then
traverse suitable conduit 32 and enter the tubing 14 at a
point 34, preferably located above the pump 10.
Another embodiment of the installation of the invention
is illustrated in FIGURE 2, wherein suitable pack off means l9
is positioned on the tubing 14 above the pump 12. Placing the
pack off means 19 in this position permits the tubing-casing
annulus to be pressured ~or operation of the pump 12. To
accomplish this, fluid communication is established through
the pack off means 19 from above same to provide power fluid
entry to conduit 23 which communicates power fluid to the pump
12. In all other respects, the pump 12 operates in the same
manner as the pump installation shown in FIGURE 1.
In addition to the installation embodiments of the in
vention shown in FIGURES 1 and 2, addtional features could be
added thereto. For example, gas lift mandrels and valves 15
and 17 could be installed above the pump 10, in the tubing
string 14. These valve and mandrels may be those shown at
pages T337 and T338 of the 33rd Revision of "Composite Catalog
of Oil Field Equipmen~ and 5ervices". Similarly, such gas
lift mandrels could be placed in the tubing string 14 above
pack off means 19 (FIGURE 2). Gas lift valves (not shown)
placed in such gas lift mandrels ~ould be used to assist in
lifting the well liquids to the sur~ace of the well. Gas lift
mandrels and valves are well known in the art.
Referring to FIGURES 3A-D, there is illustrated a landing
nipple 90 which would be suitable ~or receiving the double
acting pump 10; shown received therein. The landing nipple 90
as illustrated, is made up o~ an upper box sub assembly 90a~
threaded to receive a pin end of a tubing member 14. Sub
assembly 90a has positioned thereon the upper terminal weld-
ment 93 ~or receiving a by-pass conduit 92 through which well
liquids are pumped to the tubing 14 and lifted to the well
surface.
Also positioned on the sub assembly 90a is the upper ter~
minal weldment 95 for receiving an exhaust fluid conduit 94
which conducts the exhaust from the pump to the tubing 14 for
aeration of the well liquids being lifted to the surface of
the well in the tubing 14.
For purposes of assembly, the landing nipple 90 illus-
trated in FIGURES 3A-D îs made up with sub assemblies 90a,
90b, ~Oc, 90d and 90e. There is shown disposed in the landing
nipple 90 the pump 10' of the invention. The nipple sub
assembly 90c is partially cut away, in FIGURE 3C, to illus-
trate the exterior o the pump 10' in relation to the interior
of the nipple 90. In this manner, it is seen that there is
provided a series of honed bores 100, 102, 104 and 106 within
the bore of the nipple 90. The pump 10' carries a series of
seals 144, 145, 146 and 147 that seal against the honed bores
100, 102, 104 and 106, respectively. In this manner there are
provided a series of pressure ~ones 123, 121 and 122. Pres-
sure zones 122 and 123 are for receiving exhaust fluids ~rom
the pump. Pressure zone 121 receives pressure fluid, ~ypi-
cally gas under pressure from the surface of the well, in
order to drive the pump lO~o
In alternating strokes of the pump 10', exhaust gas
leaves the interior of the pump in either pressure zone 122,
through port 180 and thence into weldment passage 120 and
through conduit 94 to the weldment 95 into the tubing 14; or
pressure zone 123, through port 178 into weldment passage 120
and through conduit 94 thence to the tubing 14, as befoxe.
The pressurized power gas enters pressure zone 121 through
port 98O
FIGURE 4 illustrates the positioning o well liquid by-
pass weldment 96 on the nipple sub assembly 90c. There i~
also shown the exhaust weldment 97 and the power gas weldment
97'.
Referring again to FIGURES 3A-D, exhaust gas exiting th~
pump 10' enters pressure zone lZ3 through upper pump housing
exhaust ports 133. The exhaust gas exiting the pump 10' into
pressure zone 122 exits through the lower pump housing exhaust
ports 133'~ Power gas, from the surface o~ the well, enters
the pressure zone 121 through nipple port 98 a~d enters the
pump 1~' through the pump housing power ports 131~
Power gas entering the pump 10' causes re¢iproca~ion of
the pis~ons 36' and 38'. The upper piston 36' is shown in
FI~URE 3B to be connected to the piston rod 118a by means of a
fastener 128 or other suitable means. The piston 3Ç 7 carries
at least one seal means 124 to seal off the upper pumping
chamber 48' from the upper pressure chamber 52'. There is
illustrated, however, a plurality of seal means 124 carried on
the piston 36l.
A resilient urging means~ shown to be a spring 130a, is
associated with the lower surface of piston 36', to provide
for a cushioning of the piston 36' travel toward the valve
body 42. A spring guard 134a retains the spring 130a within
the upper piston 36'. As the upper piston 36' travels toward
the valve body 42, the spring guard makes contact with the
upper end 162 of the pilot valve 160 and moves the pilot valve
to the position illustrated in FIG~RE 5. The spring 130a
allows for continued travel of the piston 36', without damage
to the pilot valve 160, during the period of time required for
directing power gas to the upper pressure chamber 52'.
The lower piston 38l carries seal means 126, a spring
130b, or other resilient urging means, and a ~pring guard 134b
in the same manner as the upper piston 36'.
In the pump 10~ stroke se~uence shown in FIGURES 3A-D,
the piston rod 118a and 118b is moving downwaxd, with the
3~ power gas, entering the valve body 42 through pump housing
power ports 131, being directed into the lower pressure chamber
50'. The power gas in the lower pressure chamber 50' acts on
-10-
the pis~on 38' to move the piston 38' downward, emptying the
lower pumping chamber 46'. The well liquids p.reviously col-
lected in lower pumping chamber 46' exit the pumping chamber
46' following the flow path indicated by arrows. The check
, valve ball 62' is thus unseated, while the lower well liquid
entry check valve 64' is closedO The well liquids from the
lower pumping chamber are directed to the by-pass weldment 96
and enter same through port 152 in the nipple housing 90c
(shown in FIGU~E 3C). Well liquids exiting the lower pumping
chamber 46' do ~o through port 128 and then enter the annulus
127 between the pump 10' and the nipple 90 (shown in FIGURE
` 3D) .
` The well liquids are confined to the annulus 127 hy the
lower pump seal 140 being in sealing engagement with a honed
bore 107 on the inside surface o~ the nipple sub assembly 90c~
The honed bore 107 projects inwardly from the nipple sub
assembly 90c to form a no-go surface 110 upon which res~s the
pump 10'.
The upper pumping chamber 48l is shown to be filling with
well liquids entering the chamber 48' through a nipple port 91
and pumping chamber port 303. The well liquids follow the
path shown by the arrows in entering the upper pumping chamber
48'. Thus, well liquids unseat the check valve ball 58.
Ccheck valve ball 60' is held on its seat by the head of fluid
in tubing 14. Well liquids enter the annulus 156 through a
port 300 and move thence through the passageway 301 shown in
dashed lines in spider 302 into chamber 48'.
Well liquids entering the nipple 90 through the nipple
: port 91 are confined within an annulus area 117, between the
pump 10 and the nipple 90, by the 3ealing action of the upper
pump seal 142 being in contact with a honed bore 108 on the
inside surface of the nipple sub assembly 90a (as shown in
FIGURE 3A~.
Further, in the illustrated pumping ~equence, the upper
pressure chamber 52' is being exhausted via the upper exhaust
zone 123, as described above.
The double acting pump of the invention may be set in the
landing nipple 90, or retrieved therefrom, by know~ wire line
techniques. For this purpose, the double acting pump 10' has
positioned at its upper end a fishing neck 114 that would be
engageable by fishing tools standard in the industry. There
is also illustrated equalizing means 300a, shiftably mounted
in the upper sub assembly 116 of the pump 10'. Shifting of
the equalizing means 300a downward would open an equalizing
port 301at which would egualize the pressure between the
tubing bore 16 and the annulus between the pump 10' and the
landing nipple 90 below the seal means 142.
FIGURES 5 and 6 should be viewed together in order to
better understand the operation of the pilot valve 166 and
main valve 200 in controlling the pumping sequence of the
double acting pump of the invention. The main valve 200 of
FIGURES 5 and 6 is but one embodiment of the invention. The
configuration of the pilot valve 166' and main valv~ 201 of
FIGURE 7 is the preferred embodiment of the invention.
Referring to FIGURE 5, the pistons (not shown) are moving
from bottom to top, with the upper pressure chamber 156 re-
ceiving power gas via passageway 186 in the valve body ~shown
in dotted line). As discussed previously, the power gas is
conducted to the landing nipple 90 via suitable conduit 99a,
which terminates at weldment 99. The power gas erlters the
pump valve body 42 first through nipple port 98 and then valve
body ports 131 and 191 into cavity 206.
The main valve 200 is shifted in response to shifting of
-12-
the pilot valve 166. In the embodiment illustrat2d in Figures
5 and 6 this is accomplished by applying a differ~ntial pres-
sure across main valve 200. Downward movement of the main
valve results from the application of power gas to the oppo-
site ends of th~ main valve (chambers 208 and 188) and in
response to movement of pilot valve 166 venting the lower
chamber 188 to exhaust gas pressures. The resulting differ-
ential drives the main valve down and directs power gas to the
lower pressure chamber 154. As the main valve 200 moves to
its lower position the upper chamber 208 is vented to exhauæt
gas pressure to again balance forces across the main valve
200. Shifting of the pilot valve to its upper position
pressurizes this lower chamber with power gas to again create
a differential pressure across the main valve driving it to
its upper position in which the upper chamber is again con-
nected to the power gas to again balance the main valveO
With the pilot valve 166 shifted to its lower position
seals 174a and 174b, carried on the pilot valve 166, operate
to block the valve body power gas port 192 and direct power
gas to cavity 206. In this position, pilot valve cavity l90a
permits communication between exhaust port 190 and passageway
189, exhausting main valve chamber 188. Power gas entering
the main valve is directed through valv~ body passageway 186
into the upper pressure chamber 156 to move the upper piston
(not shown) to mpty the upper pumping chambex (not shown)O
In this same sequence, exhaust gas from the lower pres-
sure chamber 154 escapes through valve body passageway 184
into an intermediate area 150 of the main valve 200. This
intermediate area 150 is confined between seal means 270 and
272a carried on the main valve 200. The exhaust gas exîts
this intermediate area 150 through a main valve passageway 151
into the lower exhaust zone 172 and through port 180 into the
-13-
-
exhaust nipple weldment 97, whose interior passageway 120
communicates with the tubing Inot shown) through the conduit
94, as explained above.
The equalizing passageway 202 in the main valve commu-
nicates between the upper cavity 208 and the main valve pass-
ageway in area 150. In the poæiticn shown, the upper cavity
is exhausted through passageway 202 into area 15~ and out
through port 151 at the same time that the gas is exhausted
~: from the lower chamber 54. Simul~aneously, the upper cavity
10 208 is also exhausted through upper valve body port 204, and
fluids therefrom are directed to the bore of the tubing 14
containing well liquids, as previously described.
~` With the shifting of the pilot valve 176 to the position
illustrated in FIGURE 5, and with th~ main valve 200 in its
upper position (see Figure 6), a differential pressure is
created due to power gas occupying the main valve chamber 208
while lower chamber 188 is exhausted~ As a consequence, the
main valve 200 moves downward until it contacts the lower
valve stop 207. In the process of moving downward, the main
valve 200 must force out exhaust gas in the space 188 between
the valve 200 and the valve stop 207. This expelled exhaust
gas passes through a valve body passageway 189 which provides
communication between the space 188 and a cavity 190a sur-
.` rounding a lower portion of the pilot valve 166. The exhaust
gas is confined within the pilot valve cavity 190a by sealing
means 172a and 174b carried on the pilot valve 166~ The
exhaust enters the lower pressure zone 122, from the pilot
~ valve cavity 190a, through valve body ports 190 and 122n.
Once the pistons (not shown) reach theix upper limit of
travel, the reverse stroke is initiated by virtue of the pilotvalve 166 being shi~ted to its opposite position, as illus-
trated in FIGURE 6. This sequence is started by the piston,
-14-
as illustrated in FIGURE 3C, making contact with the lower end
164 of the pilot valve 166, a~ described abo~e.
Movement of ~he pilot valve 166 to the upper position has
moved spaced apart seals 174a and 174b, carried therein, to
unseal power gas entry port 192. In this manner, power gas
has now invaded the lower pilot valve cavity l90a, between
seals 174b and 172a, where it is directed to the space 188,
between the lower end of the main valve 200 and the main valve
stop 207, via the main valve passageway 189. This causes the
main valve 200 to be shifted to its upper-most position closing
port 204 as illustrated in FIGURE 6, and power fluid is again
directed through passage 202 into upper chamber 208.
Thus shifted, the power gas is now directed to the lower
pressure chamber 154 to force the lower piston (not shswn)
downward to empty the lower pumping chamber (not shown) 7 The
power gas, from conduit 99a entering power gas weldment 99,
entering the nipple 90 through nipple port 98, enters the
- valve body through valve body port 182~ This entering power
gas is directed to an intermediate main valve cavity 150,
formed around an intermediate portion of the main valve 42,
and is directed to the lower pressure chamber 154 through the
lower main valve passageway 184. The main valve seal 270, by
being moved upward with the upward movement of the main valve
42, has provided communication between main valve port 191 and
the intermediate main valve cavity 150.
In this shifted mode, a pair of spaced apart seal means
172a and 172b, carried on the lower portion of the pilot valve
166, seal off valve body exhaust port 190 and thus prevent
exhaust gas from entering the exhaust gas weldment 97 through
nipple port 180. Exhaust gas exiting the upper pressure
chamber 156 now finds its way out of the valve body 42 only
through nipple port 178~ This path includes the valve body
-15-
passageway 186~ which provides communication be~ween the upper
pressure chamber 156 and a cavity 206 surrounding an upper
portion of the main valve. This main valve cavity 206 is
confined between seal means 274 and 270 carried on the upper
portion of the main valve 200. From this cavity 206, the
exhaust gas exits through an upper valve body port 204 and
thence through upper exhaust zone valve body ports 176~
In FIGURE 5 J it is seen tha~ in the downward shifted
position, seal 270, on the main valve, has caused power gas
entering the ~ain valve through valve body port 191 to be
directed into the upper main valve cavity 206 and thence into
the upper valve body passageway 186 to the upper pressure
chamber 156.
In FIGURE 5, it is seen that in the downward shited
position, seal 270, on the main valve, has causea power gas
entering the main valve through valve body port 191 to be
directed into the upper main valve cavity 206 and thence into
the upper valve body passageway 186 to the upper pressure
chamber 156.
The preferred embodiment of the invention, illustrated in
FIGURE 7, is shown to have each of the pressure chambers 156
and 154 exhausting while the opposed pressure chamber is
expanding with introduction of power gas entering therein via
the lower valve body passageway 228. This is accomplished by
alternatively and substantially simultaneously exposing oppo-
site ends of the main valve to power gas and to exhaust pres-
sure. This embodiment has been found to result in more uni-
form shifting from one cycle to the next with no dead spots.
Preferably, the relationship of upper pilot valve seals 168a
and 168b to port 234; and the relationship of lower pilot
valve seals 172a and 172b to port 214 is such that as one port
is uncovered the other is covered~ Also, as these ports are
-16-
covered and uncovered the in~ermedia~e seal 170 passes over
port 216. Thus, at substantially ~he same time that each end
of main valve 201 is subjected to power gas the other end is
connected to vent pressure ensuring that main valve positively
moves between its tWG extreme positions and remains at each
position until it is caused to be shifted in the manner
afore-explainedO
While the general feature~ of the double acting pump
valve body 42 are essentially the same as those illustrated in
the previous drawings, there are some significant different
configur~tions.
The upper portion 208 (in FIG~RE 5) o~ the main valve
cavity has been eliminated, in FIGURE 7, except for a slight
upper end space 240 extending beyond the upp~r end of the main
valve 201. The upper end space 240 is in fluid communication,
through an upper~ lateral valve body passageway 238, with an
upper pilot valve cavity 236, which is confined between seals
168b and 170 carried on the pilot valve 166'.
In addition, seal 170 on the pilot valve 166' causes
power ~as entering the pilot valve cavity 232 to be confined
below seal 170 and then directed to the space 188 between the
lower end of the main valve 201 and a main valve stop means
207. Power gas acts to hold the main valve 201 in ~he upward
position shown in FIGURE 7 and allows the power gas ~o be
; directed through passageway port 226 and lower valve body
passageway 228 to the lower pressure chamber 154. In like
manner when the pilot valve is down, power gas flows to annulus
236, passage 238 and chamber 240 to force the main valve down.
The equalizing pas~ageway 202 (FIGURE S) has been elim-
inated in the embodiment of the invention illustrated inFIGURE 7. In addition, seal means 168a and 168b have been
added to the upper end of the pilot valve 166'. In the em-
-17-
bodiment of FIGURE 5, the portion of the pilot valve 166 above
seal means 174a was open to the pressure in the upper pressure
chamber 156.
In the preferred embodiment of FIG~RE 7, the lower and
upper halves of the valve body, main valve and the pilot valve
are essentially mirror images~ Power gas enters the valve
body through valve body ports 220a. Reversal of position of
main valves 201 occurs upon movement of the pilot valve 166'
to a new, shifted position As the pilot valve 166' moves
seal 170 up valve body port 216 power gas enters the lower
pilot valve cavity 232, traverses a lower, lateral valve body
passageway 230 and enters the space 188 between the lower end
of the main valve 201 and the lower mai~ valve stop means 2280
The main valve is thus shifted to its upper position, allowing
entry of power gas to the lower pressure chamber 154, as
described previously. In like manner, shifting of the pilot
valve down to move seal 170 down past valve port 216 intro-
duces power gas to the upper annulus 236, passage 238 and
space 240.
In this configuration, the upper pressure chamber will
commence to exhaust through valve body port 176a, on the upper
portion of the valve body 42~ The lower exhaust valve body
port 214 has been blocked by seals 172a' and 172b', carried on
the pilot valve 166'.
Exhaust gas leaves the upper pressure chamber 156 through
the upper valve body passageway 244 and enters the upper main
valve cavity 225 by way of passageway port 242~ This upper
main valve cavity is formed between seals 274b' and 270',
which are carried on the main valve. From the upper main
valve cavity 225, the exhaust gas leaves the valve body~ via
valve body port 210, through valve body ports 176a. Seal
18-
274a' isolates chamber 240 from por~ 210 at all positions of
,~
` the main valve.
Gas trapped in the upper end 240 of the main valve cavity
can escape therefrom through the lateral, upper valve body
` passageway 238 which communicates with the upper pilot valve
cavity 236. This upper pilo~ valve cavity is in communication
with the upper valve body exhaust port 176a by way of valve
body port 234
As will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the
art, the valve assembly is the very heart of the double acting
pump of the invention. It must be capable of operating ~or
millions of cycles. Desirably, the valve assembly is capable
of: (1) positive operation without any dead spots; (2) a
minimum number of long wearing functional par~ss and l3) ample
pressure and volume capacity to operate the pump under all
required well conditions.
In order to better understand the sequential operation of
the valve assembly illustrated in FIGURE 7, reference i~ made
to the schematic drawings in FIGURES BA, 8B and 8C. Repre-
sented therein is the valve assembly in the following cycles:
(1) power gas being directed to pressure chamber 154 (FIGURE
8A); (2) mid point between cycles (FIGURE 8B); and (3) power
gas being directed to pressure chamber 156 (FIGURE 8C).
As in previous drawings, the piston rod 118a and 118b
connects the two pistons (not shown). The pilot valve 167 has
one end 162 extending into the pressure chamber 156, with the
other end 164 extending into the pressure chamber 15~. For
purposes of correlation, presume chamber 154 is considered the
lower" pressure chamber.
The FIGURES 8A, 8B and 8C will be described in terms of
operation of the valve assembly to demonstrate the sequence of
.
--19--
both mechanical and pressuxe changes that effect the reversal
of pressures in chambers 154 and 156.
Referring to FIGURE 8A, the pilo~ valve 167 is shown
positionPd toward the upper pressure chamber 156. In this
position the power gas is free to flow to the lower end 188 of
the main valve 201. The upper end 204 is free to exhaust
through the lateral passage 238 through the pilot valve cavity
236 and out through exi~ port 176a. The upper pressure cham~
ber 156 is exhausting through upper passageway 244 into the
upper main valve cavity 225 and out the upper valve body port
176b. The lower valve body exhaust port 212 is blocked by
seals 272a and 272b carried on the lower end o~ the main valve
201. In like manner, lower valve body exhaust port 214 is
blocked by seals 172a and 172b carried on the lower portion of
the pilot valve 167.
In this condition, the pressure differential is forcing
the main valve 201 towards the upper pressure chamber 156.
With the main valve 201 positioned towards the upper pressure
chamber 156, the power gas is free to enter the lower pressure
chamber 154, and the exhaust gas from the upper pressure
chamber 156 is free to exhaust.
This forces the piston (not shown) in the lower pressure
chamber 154 away from the valve assembly and moves the piston
(not shown) in the upper pressure chamber 156 towards khe
valve assembly, since the pistons are connected to the piston
rod 118a and 118b.
In FIGVRE ~B, the upper piston (not shown) has made
contact with the upper end 162 of the pilot valve 167 and has
moved the pilot valve 167 downwardly to a point where the
power gas has been diverted, by seal 170 carried on the pilot
valve 167, from the lower pilot valva cavity 232 to the upper
pilot valve cavity 236. Thus, power gas i5 no longer reaching
-20-
the lower end space 188 of the main valve 201 through the
lateral valve body passageway 2300 Instead, power gas is now
b~ing directed to the upper pi.lot valve cavity 236, through
the upper lateral valve body passageway 238 to the upper end
204 of the main valve 201.
The pilot valve 167, by means of seals 168a and 168b
carried thereon, has blocked off the upper exhaust valve body
port 176a which communicates with the upper end 204 of the
main val~e 201, and has slightly opened the lower exhaust
valve body port 214, which is in communication with the lower
end 188 of the main valve 201.
At this moment, the pressures are changing across the
main valve 201 and it remains in the same position. However,
the power gas going to the lower pressure chamber 154 con-
tinues to drive the lower piston (not shown) away from the
valve assembly and the upper piston tnot shown) continues to
move towards the valve assembly forcing the pilot valve 167 to
be completely shifted to its most downward position.
This further opens power gas valve body port 220a per-
mitting a full flow of power gas to the upper pilot valvecavity 236 and thence to the upper end 204 of the main valve
201. This full shift of the pilot valve 167 also opens the
lower valve body exhaust port 214 allowing exhaust gas from
the lower end 188 of the main valve 201 to pass therethrough,
thus creating a differential pressure across the main valve
201 that shifts it towards the lower pressure chamber 154, as
shown in FIGURE 8C.
With the ma.in valve in the position shown in FIG~RE ~C r
the power gas is directed to the upper pre~sure chamber 156
and exhausts the lower pressure chamber 154. This rever~es
the movement of the pistons (not shown) until the lower piston
(not shown) in the lower pressure chamber 154 makes contact
-21~
:::
~ with the lower end 164 of the pilot valve 167, reversing the
::;
sequence of operation o:E the pilot valv~ 1670
~?:
~.,
r
`:~ 30
--22--
