Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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This application is a division of co-pending Canadian
Patent Application Serial No. 362,6~8, entitled
MULTI-COMPARTMENT S~MP AND METHOD A~D APPARATUS FOR M~ING
SAME, filed 17 October, 1980.
The invention described and claimed herein relates to
the forming apparatus to construct a device for use as a sump
or reservoir.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Sumps or sump pits are typically uaed in warehouses
or in facilities where cars or trucks are washed. The sump is
embedded in the floor of such workplaces and a metal grating is
placed over the sump to allow water and particulate matter to
flow into the sump. The particulate matter se-ttles to the
bottom of the sump and the water passes out through an opening
in one end of the sump which is connected to a trench or
directly to a sewage system.
Typically, sumps are cast in concrete and inserted
below the floor of a warehouse or other such location prior to
the pouring of the concrete floor. At present, precast
concrete sumps with two compartments are used with a central
dividing wall parti-tioning one compartment of the sump from the
other. The central divider has a relatively large roughly-
shaped aperture near the top of the divider, and a similar
aperture at one end of the sump. ~hen the sump is lowered into
place, a plumber must fit the pipes into the apertures and
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concrete must be poured around the pipes to provide a seal and
to hold the pipes in place.
Such two-compartment sumps are difficult to transport
and move into place below a floor, since there are no suitable
attachments on such sumps for attaching a lifting device.
Typically, such sumps are moved into place by placing a chain
around the sump, lifting the sump and lowering it into place
below the floor. It is difficult to anchor the sump to the
floor when the concrete is poured for the floor. A frame can
be placed on top of the sump before the floor is poured to
provide an anchor with the floor. However, the frame is merely
placed on top of the sump and as the concrete is poured for the
floor, the frame tends to move. It is therefore difficult to
obtain an accurately positioned frame. In addition, the
resultant inaccuracies in the final placement of the frame may
result in a loose fit and consequ~nt leakage. This is
particularly disadvantageous since if there are leaks, liquid
run-off might flow outside the sump below the floor rather than
into the compartments of the sump.
In some locations, it is desirable to have a direct
coupling of the sump outlet to a sewage system. In other
locations, passing effluent from the sump outlet into a trench
is preferable. In this latter instance, a portion of the end
of the sump which is to communicate with the trench is knocked
out of the end wall of the sump. Typically, such a cut out is
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created by using a sledge hammer and knocking out the upper
portion of the end wall of -the sump. This can result in a less
than accurate alignment of the cut out with the trench.
There are a number of disadvantages associated with
the use of the two-compartment precast concrete sump described
above. It is difficult for a plumber to position pipes in the
dividing wall of the sump and in the end wall of the sump since
the holes provided are rough in shape and signi:Eicantly larger
in diameter than is required for the pipes that are placed
through the holes. Additional concrete must be poured about
the pipe, and it is difficult to obtain a level placing of the
pipes when the concrete is poured. In addition, it is time-
consuming ancl difficult to pour concrete about the pipes in the
holes provided.
Another disadvanta~e of the precast sump is that i-t
is difficult to transport and to move into place at a work
site. It is difficult to place a chain or chains about the
sump and move it into place below the floor.
There are various methods for constructing hollow
concrete articles such as a two-compartment sump. Canadian
Patent ~o. 557,451 (Francis, et al., issued 13 May, 1958)
discloses one such apparatus for constructing a hollow concrete
article. Francis discloses the use of an outer interlocking
rectangular form and an inner collapsible ~orm structure
activated by a toggle mechanism. The mechanism for collapsing
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the inner form is relatively complex and a cylinder is required
in order to pressure activate the collapsing mechanism. In
addition, the entire structure has to be lifted in order to
remove the inner form once it has been collapsed.
Canadian Patent ~o. 593,753 (Mitchell, issued
1 March, 1960) discloses a mould for making concrete vaults,
septic tanks and the like. The ~litchell apparatus requires
relatively complex locking mechanisms to secure the outer
forms. Once the concrete has been poured and the concrete
sets, the entire mould has to be lifted to separate the inner
form from the concrete. Once lifted, the outer form and the
concrete must be rotated 1~0 and the outer forms are then
unlocked. ~ crane then lifts the outer forms away from the
concrete structure.
SUMMAR~ OF THE INVE~TIO~
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The foregoing disadvantages are overcome by the
present invention which consists of an apparatus for
constructing a novel sump.
The present invention is directed to a forming
apparatus for constructing a sump or tank for use in the floor
of a workplace. The sump comprises a plurality of adjoining
; compartments and a generally open frame having frame elements
lying in a plane off-set from, and generally parallel to, the
top of the compartments. One or more of the compartments may
be in communication with one or more of the other
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compartments. The apparatus includes an outer shell, a frame,
suspending means, an inner form and means for securing the
inner form to -the frame. The suspending means is used for
suspending the frame in a plane above, and generally parallel
to, the outer form. Two or more outer forms suitable for
connection in series may be provided to form the outer shell.
Mating elements may also be provided for locking the outer
forms together to form the outer shell.
The sump itself may be of two, three or more
compartments. The sump is preferably cast in concrete with
reinforcing rods placed throughout the walls of the sump.
Connected to the tops of the reinforcing rods is a frame which
is generally parallel to the top of the sump. The frame may
have an L-shaped cross section and may also have cross pieces
generally aligned parallel to the top of the dividers in the
sump. Typically the frame is positioned several inches above
the top of the sump but may be closer to -the top of the sump or
more distant, as desired. When the sump is placed below the
floor at a work site, forms may be placed around the inner edge
of the frame and extending down to the top of the sump. This
allows the concrete floor to be poured without having to
attempt to keep the frame in position. Once the ~loor has been
poured and the concrete has set, the forms that were placed
flush with the inner edge of the frame can be easily removed.
This results in a sump which is securely anchored to the floor
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and has a relatively leak-proof seal throughout. The use of a
frame anchored to the sump by reinforcing rods also assists in
the moving and placing of the sump. Hooks, chains or the like
may be easily attached to the frame and the sump can thereby be
moved and placed into position. The frame is preferably made
of metal and helps to avoid damage to the sump itself when in
transit or when it is being installed.
The sump of this invention may be adapted to reduce
or eliminate the problem of proper placement of pipes in the
apertures in the dividing walls and the end wall. When the
sump is cast, couplings may be placed in the dividing walls and
the end wall. Such couplings may be of predetermined size to
co-operate with the size of pipe desired to be placed through
the apertures. Once the sump is secured in place below the
floor, all that a plumber must do is couple the effluent pipe
to the aperture in the end wall of the sump~
In those instances where a pipe is not required to be
extended through the hole in the end wall of the sump, the sump
may be constructed with a cut-out of appropriate dimensions
either at the end wall of the sump or along one of the side
walls. The dimensions of the cut-out may be such that the cut -
out can mate with a trench in the floor of a work place. The
sump may be constructed with any size cut-out thereby
eliminating the problems associated with forming a cut-out by
merely knocking out a portion of a wall.
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This invention is directed to an apparatus for
constructing the above-described novel sump. A forming
structure is constructed of various components within which
concrete is poured to form the sump. An outer form may be
provided. Two L-shaped forms may be joined to form a generally
rectangular outer form although the outer form need not be
rectangular in shape. Each L-shaped outer form may have an
extension or flange at each end extending outwardly from each
end at approximately a 45 angle. One such flange may have two
apertured tongues extending outwardly from the flange at
approximately a 90 angle. The flange at the other end of the
L-shaped form may then have two apertures at approximately the
same position as the tongues on the other flange and of A size
sufficient to allow the tongues to pass through the apertures.
Two L-shaped forms may be thus mated together and bolts or
similar devices may be placed through the apertures in the
tongues thereby locking the two L shaped Eorms toge-ther to form
the outer shell. It will be understood that the outer form may
be of a different shape. For example, two curved forms may be
2~ joined to form a generally cylindrical outer form. Variations
of the foregoing may include joining two or more forms to
construct a polyhedrally shaped outer form. Typically,
however, the rectangularly shaped (i.e. parallelepiped) outer
form will be used.
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Each of the L-shaped forms may have a ridge of
rectangular cross section below the upper end of the form.
Below the upper edge of the form but above the ridge a series
of apertured tongues may be provided. These tongues may be
welded along either side of the outer form and frame holders,
each having a head portion and a tail portion, may be inserted
through the apertures of the tongues and held in place since
the tail portions of the frame holders cannot extend beyond the
ridge. The frame holders may also have a head portion
configured to hold a generally rectangular frame above the
outer form. The frame holders may be used to maintain the
frame in a relatively fixed position. The frame itself may
have reinforcing rods welded to its undersurface so that the
reinforcing rods extend into the space provided by the outer
shell. It will be understood that the frame above the outer
form may be of differing shapes; typically being geometrically
similar to the outer form. The frame may be suspended above
the outer form by means other than the frame holders described
above. For example, the frame may be suspended above the outer
form by wires.
Inner forms are provided and may be generally hollow
box-like structures of dimensions sufficient to fit within the
compartments of the outer shell delineated by the frame where
the frame is generally rectangular. E~ch such inner sump may
have four sides and a bottom. If a two-compartment rectangular
sump is to be constructed, the frame may have only one divider
or connecting bar connected to the two sides of the frame. If
a three compartment rectangular sump is to be constructed, two
dividers or connecting bars may be connected to the sides of
the frame; each divider being parallel to the ends of the
frame. The inner forms may have L-shaped seats welded on the
outside near their tops. The lower portion of the L may
extend away from the inner form and may be of dimensions
sufficient to allow each inner form to be placed in the various
compartments delineated by the frame. The lower portion of the
L-shaped seats may rest along the inner edge of the frame
thereby maintaining -the inner forms in a relatively stable
position. When in place, the inner forms and the outer shell
create a forming structure whereby concrete can be poured into
the spaces hetween the inner forms and the outer shell. The
inner forms may have small apertures on one side or on two
opposing sides. ~hen the forms are in place, pipe couplings
may be positioned between the two inner forms and at the end of
one inner form and secured in place by inserting a bolt through
the apertures in the sides of the inner forms and securing the
bolt with a nut. When concrete is poured about the forming
structure, the pipe couplings will be embedded in place in the
final concrete sump structure.
It will be understood that the inner and outer shells
may be of different geometric configurations. For example,
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inner and outer shells of generally hexahedronal configuration
may be used. The frame may be of varying shapes and sizes. In
the previous example, one may wish to use a hexagonally shaped
frame. The frame may be divided into two or more sub-frames.
The forming apparatus of the present invention may thus be used
to create a multi-compartment sump with two or more
compartments, each of said compartments capable of being in
communication with one or more compartments. The inner forms
may be of configuration suitable for being suspended wi-thin the
sub-frames. In the example using a hexagonally shaped frame,
the frame may be divided into six triangularly shaped
sub-frames and six inner forms, each a regular triangular
prism, may be suspended within the sub-frames.
On the bottom of each inner form, a threaded aperture
for cooperation with a coarsely threaded hose or pipe extending
up through the inner forms may be provided. When concrete has
been poured into the forming strucl:ure and the concrete has set
or hardened, the frame suspending means are removed and
sufficient pressure may be applied through the hose or pipe
associated with each inner form. Pressurized air may be forced
through the hoses or pipes to loosen the inner forms from the
hardened concrete. Each inner form may have one or more
apertured lifters welded to its inside walls on the same side
that the optional L-shaped seats are affixed. Once the inner
forms have been loosened by the pressurized air, chains, wires
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or the like may be placed through the apertures of the lifters
and the inner forms may be removed by pulling upwards on the
chains or wires.
If a cut-out is required at one outer face of the
sump, ra-ther than an aperture with a pipe coupling, then
additional framing apparatus may be affixed to the frame to
create a cut-out of desired dimensions in one wall of the sump.
In the case of a rectangularly shaped sump, such an apparatus
may be comprised of a central plate of generally rectangular
configuration with two apertures near either end of the plate.
Two L-shaped lateral plates may be used and the bottom portion
of the L of each L-shaped plate may have two apertures of
approximately the same size as the apertures near either end of
the central plate. The lower portion of the L of the L-shaped
plates may be affixed to the first plate by means of bolts
placed through the holes at the ends of the central plate and
through the holes in the lower portion of the L-shaped lateral
plates. The other end of each L-shaped lateral plate may have
a small projection which is generally parallel to the bottom
portion of the lateral plate. The entire cut-out apparatus may
be placed below one end of a rectangular frame and flush with
the underside of the frame. Suitable affixing means may be
used to join the cut-out apparatus to the frame. The affixing
means may be affixed to the inner edge of the rectangular frame
and the projections at the top of the lateral plates. The
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central plate and the two lateral plates may also have
additional apertures along their lengths so that when a ~ut-out
apparatus is affixed to the frame, reinforcing rods may be
inserted through these apertures in the plates.
BRIEF DESCRIPTIOM OF THE DRAWINGS
FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of a sump of this
invention.
FIGURE 2 is a perspective view of another embodiment
of the sump of this invention which includes a cut-out.
FIGURE 3 is a perspective view of two outer forms
used to construct the sump of this invention.
FIGURE 4 is a perspective view of the outer Eorms of
Figure 3 affi~ed together with the frame and reinforcing rods
held in place by frame holders.
FIGURE 5 is a perspective view of two inner forms of
this invention.
FIGURE 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the
line A-A of Figure 5 illustrating the pipe coupling.
FIGURE 7 is a cross-sectional view of one of the
inner forms of Figure 5 taken along the line B-B of Figure 5.
FIGUKE 8 is a top view of the central plate used to
form the cut-out apparatus.
FIGURE 9 is a perspective view of one of the lateral
plates used to construct the cut-out apparatus.
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FIGURE 10 is an inside end view of Figure 4 showing
the cut--out apparatus in place.
DETAILED DE~;CRIPTION
This invention is an apparatus for making a novel
sump. The sump and the process for manufacturing the sump are
described below and in parent application No. 362,648.
However~ the claims of this divisional application are directed
only to the apparatus for making the sump. As illustrated in
Figure 1, the sump 1 is cast in concrete so that thère are two
compartments 2a and 2b. The central dividing wall 3 between
the two compartments has a pipe coupling 4 embedded below the
top of the central dividing wall. The end wall 5 of the sump
also has a pipe coupling 6 embedded below the top of the end
wall.
~ generally rectangular frame 7 is connected on its
undersurface to a plurality of reimforcing rods 8 which are
embedded in the wall of the sump. The frame has a generally
L-shaped cross section and also has a connecting bar 9
connected to either side of the frame and positioned so that it
is above the central dividing wall o~ the sump ana generally
parallel to the ends of the rame. The connecting bar of the
frame comprises 2 bars with a generally L-shaped cross section
with the bars being connected back to back.
In order to install the sump, it is lowered into
place below the floor of a workplace. The sump is positioned
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at a depth such that the top of the frame will be generally
flush with the concrete floor to be poured. Prior to pouring
the floor, suitable forms are positioned below the frame and
extending down to the top of -the sump. Typically, these forms
will be pieces of wood, two pieces extending the length of the
frame and two pieces extending the width of the frame. The
wooden forms are placed so that the sides of the forms facing
towards the center of the sump are flush with the inner ledges
of the frame. The concrete floor is then poured and concrete
is poured around the outside of the frame so that the concrete
covers the reinforcing rods and is poured approximately to the
top of the frame so that the sump and frame are anchored in
place when the concrete sets and hardens.
Once the sump is anchored in place, the wooden forms
can be removed and pipes can be placed in the couplings 4 and
6. Typically, pipes used in such a sump are plastic pipes with
a 4~2 inch diameter. The couplings embedded in the sump will
therefore typically b~ slightly greater than 4~2 inches in
diameter to allow a relatively tight, leak-proof seal when the
pipes are placed in the couplings. The coupling 6 in the end
wall is typically positioned one or two inches below the
position of the coupling 4 in the central dividing wall. The
pipe placed through the coupling 6 is then connected to a sewer
system or other means for disposing of the water passing
through the pipe.
7~
When the sump is in position, a grating is placed on
that portion of the frame positioned above the first
compartment to 2a. The grating will be of dimensions
sufficient to fit snugly within that portion of the frame above
the first compartment. The apertures in the grating will be of
a size sufficient to allow particulate matter carried by water,
oil or other liquids to pass through the apertures into the
first compartment of the sump. Typically, a plate is
positioned on that portion of the frame above the second
compartment 2b of the sump. The plate will be of dimensions
such that it will fit snugly within that portion of the frame
above the second compartment of the sump.
Once the sump is in place together with the grating
and the cover plate, the sump is ready for operation.
Typically, waste water laden with dirt or other particulate
matter flows along the concrete floor and passes over the
grating and into the first compart;ment 2a of the sump. The
particulate matter settles to the bottom of the first
compartment of the sump. The water level will rise to the
level of the pipe in the central dividing wall and will then
flow through to the second compartment 2b of the sump.
Additional particulate matter will settle out to the bottom of
the second compartment and when the water rises to the level of
the pipe in the end wall of the sump, the water passes through
that pipe and on into a sewage system or other disposal means.
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As waste water continues to flow into the sump, particulate
matter builds up in the first compartment and eventually it
will reach the level of the pipe in the central dividing wall~
At that time, the grating on top of the frame can be removed
and the first compartment of the sump can be cleaned out.
Likewise, eventually the level of particulate matter in the
second compartment of the sump will reach the level of the pipe
in the end wall of the sump. The cover plate on top of the
frame should then be removed and the particulate matter cleaned
out of the second compaxtment of the sump. Where the two
compartments are of approximately the same dimensions, it has
been found that the second compartment need only be cleaned out
once for every five cleanings of the first compartment.
The pipe placed in the cc)upling in the end wall of
the sump can be either an elbow shaped pipe or a T-shaped pipe.
When a T-shaped pipe is used, the water can continue to flow
from the second compartment -to the sewage system even when the
level of the particulate matter is above the lower portion of
the T-shaped pipe.
It will be understood that the sump may have more
than two compartments and the frame would then have two or more
connecting bars connected to the sides of the frame and
positioned above the two or more dividing walls. A coupling
would be embedded in the dividing wall between the first and
second compartments, a further coupling would be embedded in
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the dividing wall between the second and third compartments but
slightly lower than the first coupling and so on until the end
wall of the sump would have a coupling positioned slightly
lower than the coupling in the adjacent dividing wall.
In another embodiment of this invention, a cut-out is
formed in the end wall of the sump. The cut-out 10 is
illustrated in Figure 2. The sump will be constructed with a
cut-out in those instances where the sump is to be placed below
a floor and is designed to mate with a trench below the floor
which serves as the means for removing water flowing out of the
sump. A pair of reinforcing rods 12 are embedded in the end
wall of the sump extending outwardly into the cut-out portion.
Reinforcing rods 13 are also embedded in the end wall of the
sump and extend upwardly from the bottom of the cut out. When
the sump is positioned below the floor in a workplace, the
reinforcing rods 12 and 13 are bent away from the sump and into
the trench. This allows concrete to be poured when completing
the trench so that the concrete will cover the reinforcing rods
and provide a more secure anchoring of the sump. The cut-out
can be positioned at the end of the sump or along either of the
sides of the sump in the second compartment. The cut-out can
be of any dimension desired, up to and including a cut-out of
the entire end wall of the sump.
The invention is an apparatus for constructing the
above-described sump. The following description relates to the
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method and apparatus for constructing a two compartment sump
but it will be understood that similar apparatus can be used to
construct a sump of three or more compartments. It will also
be understood that the apparatus can be varied in dimensions to
produce a sump with compartments of varying sizes.
Figure 3 illustrates two L-shaped outer forms 20
which are joined to form the outer shell of the forming
apparatus which is used to construct the sump. Each outer form
has a flange 21 extending away from the form at an angle of
approximately 45 and a flange 22 at the other end of the outer
form extending away from the form at an angle of approximately
45. Flange 21 has apertures 23. Flange 22 has apertured
tongues 24 extending generally perpendicularly away from the
flange. As is illustrated in Figure 4, the two outer forms are
joined so that the apertured tongues of flange 22 on one form
extend through the apertures 23 on the flange of the other
form. Bolts or other securing means are placed through the
apertures in the apertured tongues so that the two outer ~orms
are joined to form a generally rectangular outer shell. As
shown in Figure 3, each outer form has a plurality of apertured
tongues 28 welded to the length of the outer form near the top
of the outer form. A ridge of generally rectangular
cross-section runs along the side of the outer form below the
apertured tongues and parallel to the top of the outer form.
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As illustrated in Figure 4, a generally rectangular
frame 32 of L-shaped cross section and of dimensions less than
the outer shell is suspended above the outer shell by a
plurality of frame holders 36. ~ach frame holder 36 has a tail
portion 38 which fits through one of the apertured tongues 28
so that -the bottom of the tail portion rests on the top of the
ridge 30. The head portion 37 of the frame holder fi-ts
securely about the frame so that the bottom of the frame rests
on the frame holder. A plurality of frame holders are affixed
in this fashion along either length of the outer shell thereby
holding the frame securely in position. Attached to the
underside of the frame are a plura:Lity of reinforcing rods
which extend down into the outer shell.
Figure 5 illustrates two inner forms 40 which are
hollow bo~es formed of a suitable material (typically metal)
with the upper face of each inner forrn being open. Each inner
form has small L-shaped seats secured on opposite outer sides
of the inner form near the top. The inner forms are of
dimensions so that the inner forms fit into the two spaces in
the outer shell defined by the frame. As can be seen in Figure
4, the frame 32 has a ledge 31 upon which the seats of the
inner forms rest. Once the inner forms are in place resting on
-the frame, a pipe coupling 50 is secured between the two inner
forms. As can be seen in Figure 6, each inner form has
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cooperative apertures 52 and 53 through which a bolt 54 or
other securing means is placed thereby holding the coupling 50
securely between the two inner forms. The coupling may be
further supported by the inclusion of an apertured, annular
steel plate 9g which aids in maintaining a relatively constant
inner radius in the coupling throughout. In similar fashion,
the coupling 55 is secured to the opposite side of one of the
inner forms slightly below the level of the coupling 50. There
is an aperture 56 (as shown in Figure 4) through which a bolt
will pass from the inner form through the coupling 55 and
through the aperture 56.
Once the entire forming apparatus is constructed,
concrete is poured between the inner and ou-ter forms up to the
desired level. It has been found that in order to ensure that
the couplings are securely embedded in the concrete, the
concrete should be vibrated so that it will flow throughout the
space defined by the :~orms.
Once the concrete has been poured, it is allowed to
set and harden. Once the concrete is hardened, the frame
holders can be removed. As shown in Figure 5, each inner form
has an aperture 60 on its bottom surface. In order to remove
the inner forms from the hardened concrete, pipes or hoses 62
are inserted in the apertures 60. The pipe or hose is roughly
threaded at the end which is inserted into the apertures 60 or
the pipes or hoses can be connected to a coupling which is
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threaded for insertion into the apertures 60. The pipes or
hoses 62 are connected at their opposite ends to a suitable
pressure means (not shown). Sufficient pressure is then forced
through the pipes or hoses 62 which loosens the inner forms
from the concrete. Typically, a pressure of 5 pounds per
square inch has been found sufficient to effect loosening of
the inner forms. Once the inner forms have been loosened from
the hardened concrete, the inner forms are lifted out of the
forming apparatus. As shown in Figure 7, the inside walls of
the inner form 40 have apertured ear-shaped lifters welded to
the inner sides. Chains, wires or other suitable means are
secured through the apertures in the lifters and connected to a
suitable lifting mechanism which then removes each inner form
from the forming apparatus. The bolts 26 are then removed and
the outer forms are removed from the hardened concrete.
In order to make a sump wi-th a cut-out at one end,
additional framing apparatus illust.rated in Figures 8-10 is
added to form the cut-out. The cut-out form is comprised of a
central plate 70 and two lateral plates 80. Apertures 72 are
found at either end of the central plate. Apertures 82 are
provided in the bottom portion of the L-shaped lateral plates.
The bottom of each lateral plate is secured to the central
plate by bolts or other fastening means inserted through the
apertures 72 and 82. The resulting structure is generally
U-shaped. At the top of each L-shaped lateral plate there is a
o~
small rectangular extension 84 extending perpendicularly away
from the lateral plate and parallel to the bottom portion of
the plate. As is shown in Figure 10, the U-shaped structure
formed from the central plate and the two lateral plates is
affixed to the underside of the ledge 31 of frame 32. It is
affixing by suitable clamping means 90 which clamp onto the
ledge 31 and the extension 84 of each lateral plate. The
central plate and each lateral plate have additional apertures
76 and 86. Reinforcing rods 92 are passed through the
apertures 86 of the lateral plates and reinforcing rods 94 are
placed through apertures 76 in the central plate. Concrete is
then poured to form the sump structure as before.
Once the forming apparatus has been removed as
described above, the U-shaped apparatus formed by the central
plate and the two lateral plates i9 also removed. This is
effected by removing the clamps 90 and the bolts 96. The
reinforcing rods 92 are then bent away from the concrete sump
which forces the lateral plates away from the concrete sump.
The lateral plates then can be pried off and removed.
Similarly, the reinforcing rods 94 are bent down and away from
the concrete sump thereby forcing the central plate 70 to be
loosened from the concrete sump. The lateral plate is then
pried off.
'
