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Sommaire du brevet 1151358 

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Disponibilité de l'Abrégé et des Revendications

L'apparition de différences dans le texte et l'image des Revendications et de l'Abrégé dépend du moment auquel le document est publié. Les textes des Revendications et de l'Abrégé sont affichés :

  • lorsque la demande peut être examinée par le public;
  • lorsque le brevet est émis (délivrance).
(12) Brevet: (11) CA 1151358
(21) Numéro de la demande: 1151358
(54) Titre français: COMPOSITION ET METHODE DE TEINTURE ET DE PRESERVATION DU BOIS
(54) Titre anglais: COMPOSITION AND PROCESS FOR COLORING AND PRESERVING WOOD
Statut: Durée expirée - après l'octroi
Données bibliographiques
(51) Classification internationale des brevets (CIB):
  • B27K 3/52 (2006.01)
  • C9D 5/14 (2006.01)
(72) Inventeurs :
  • LEACH, ROBERT M. (Etats-Unis d'Amérique)
(73) Titulaires :
(71) Demandeurs :
(74) Agent: MACRAE & CO.
(74) Co-agent:
(45) Délivré: 1983-08-09
(22) Date de dépôt: 1981-05-27
Licence disponible: S.O.
Cédé au domaine public: S.O.
(25) Langue des documents déposés: Anglais

Traité de coopération en matière de brevets (PCT): Non

(30) Données de priorité de la demande:
Numéro de la demande Pays / territoire Date
159,196 (Etats-Unis d'Amérique) 1980-06-13

Abrégés

Abrégé anglais


COMPOSITION AND PROCESS FOR COLORING
AND PRESERVING WOOD
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Method and composition for simultaneously coloring
and preserving wood by a single application of a contacting
solution comprising any one of several known water soluble
chemical preservatives containing any or all of the following
heavy metals: copper, chromium and zinc, to which pre-
servative solution has been added one or more specific
naphthalene or benzene derivative compounds having hydroxy,
amino or sulfonic acid functional groups attached to a ring
carbon atom. Without departing from the teachings of this
invention the wood may first be treated with the preservative
solution and then contacted with the benzene or naphthalene
derivative compound. It is also possible to apply the
benzene or naphthalene derivative to the wood initially,
followed by the application of the preservative solution.

Revendications

Note : Les revendications sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.


THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method for treating wood which simultaneously
preserves the wood against wood destroying organisms and
selectively colors the wood which comprises contacting the wood
with an aqueous solution comprising: (a) a water soluble wood
preservative containing any or all of the following heavy metals:
copper, chromium, and zinc, and (b) one or more water soluble
naphthalene derivatives having at least one sulfonyl group, at
least one hydroxyl or amino group, and up to two additional groups
selected from the group consisting of sulfonyl, hydroxyl and
amino, wherein said groups are attached at any position around
the naphthalene ring and the total number of groups is not greater
than 4.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein at least two of the
groups are sulfonyl groups.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein a salt of said
naphthalene derivative is used.
4. The method of claims 1 wherein the final
concentration of said preservative is between about 0.1% and
10.0% by weight.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the final concentration
of said naphthalene derivative is between about 0.01% and 2.0% by
weight.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the pH of the aqueous
solution is maintained between about 0.5 to 3.0 by the addition
17

of a sufficient quantity of a suitable acid.
7. The method of claim 5 wherein the pH of the
aqueous solution is maintained between about 1.5 to 2.0 by the
addition of a sufficient quantity of a suitable acid.
8. The method of claim 6 wherein the method imparts
a brown color to the wood.
9. The method of claim 6 wherein the method imparts
a red color to the wood.
10. The method of claim 6 wherein the water soluble
preservative is chromated copper arsenate containing about
17.0%-21.0% copper as copper oxide, about 44.5%-50.5% chromium
as chromic acid and about 30.0%-38.0% arsenic as arsenic
pentoxide, and the water soluble naphthalene derivative is
4,5-dihydroxy-2,7-naphthalene disulfonic acid.
11. The method of claim 6 wherein the water soluble
preservative is chromated copper arsenate containing about
17.0%-21.0% copper as copper oxide, about 44.5%-50.5% chromium
as chromic acid and about 30.0%-38.0% arsenic as arsenic
pentoxide, and the water soluble naphthalene derivative is
8-amino-1-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid sodium salt.
12. The method of claim 6 wherein the naphthalene
derivatives comprise a mixture of 4,5-dihydroxy-2,7-naphthalene
disulfonic acid and 8-amino-1-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid
sodium salt and the water soluble preservative is chromated
copper arsenate containing about 17.0%-21% copper as copper
oxide, about 44.5%-50.5% chromium as chromic acid and about
30.0%-38.0% arsenic as arsenic pentoxide.
18

13. The method of claim 12 wherein the mixture com-
prises about 15-70% of 4,5-dihydroxy-2,7-naphthalene disulfonic
acid and about 85-30% of 8-amino-1-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid
sodium salt.
14. A composition for simultaneously preserving wood
against wood destroying organisms and selectively coloring the
wood, which comprises an aqueous solution of:
(a) a water soluble wood preservative containing any or all of
the following heavy metals: copper, chromium, and zinc, and
(b) one or more water soluble naphthalene derivatives having at
least one sulfonyl group, at least one hydroxyl or amino group,
and up to two additional groups selected from the group consisting
of sulfonyl, hydroxyl and amino, wherein said groups are attached
at any position around the naphthalene ring and the total number
of said groups is not greater than 4.
The composition of claim 14 wherein at least two
of the groups are sulfonyl groups.
16. The composition of claim 14 wherein a salt of said
naphthalene derivative is used.
17. The composition of claims 14 wherein the
final concentration of said preservative is between about 0.1%
and 10.0% by weight.
18. The composition of claim 17 wherein the final
concentration of said naphthalene derivative is between about
0.01% and 2.0% by weight.
19. The composition of claim 18 wherein the pH of the
aqueous solution is maintained between about 0.5 to 3.0 by the
addition of a sufficient quantity of a suitable acid.
19
kg/

20. The composition of claim 18 wherein the pH of
the aqueous solution is maintained between about 1.5 to 2.0 by
the addition of a suitable acid.
21. The composition of claim 19 which imparts a red
color to the wood.
22. The composition of claim 19 which imparts a brown
color to the wood.
23. The composition of claim 19 wherein the water
soluble preservative is chromated copper arsenate, containing
about 17.0%-21.0% copper as copper oxide, about 44.5%-50.5%
chromium as chromic acid and about 30.0%-38.0% arsenic as
arsenic pentoxide, and the water soluble naphthalene derivative
is 4,5-dihydroxy-2,7-naphthalene disulfonic acid.
24. The composition of claim 19 wherein the water
soluble preservative is chromated copper arsenate, containing
about 17.0%-21.0% copper as copper oxide, about 44.5%-50.5%
chromium as chromic acid and about 30.0%-38.0% arsenic as
arsenic pentoxide, and the water soluble naphthalene derivative
is 8-amino-1-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid sodium salt.
25. The composition of claim 19 wherein the naphthalene
derivatives comprise a mixture of 4,5-dihydroxy-2,7-naphthalene
disulfonic acid and 8-amino-1-naphthol-3,6,disulfonic acid
sodium salt and the water soluble preservative is chromated
copper arsenate containing about 17.0%-21.0% copper as copper
oxide, about 44.5%-50.5% chromium as chromic acid and about
30.0%-38.0% arsensic as arsenic pentoxide.
26. The composition of claim 25 wherein the mixture
ms/

comprises about 15-70% of 4,5-dihydroxy-2,7-naphthalene
disulfonic acid and about 85-30% of 8-amino-1-naphthol-3,
6-disulfonic acid sodium salt.
27. A method for treating wood which imparts color to
the wood and preserves the wood from wood destroying organisms,
comprising:
(a) First, contacting the wood surface with an aqueous
derivative solution comprising one or more water soluble
naphthalene derivatives having at least one sulfonyl group,
at least one hydroxyl or amino group, and up to two additional
groups selected from the group consisting of sulfonyl, hydroxyl
and amino, wherein said groups are attached at any position
around the naphthalene ring and the total number of said groups
is not greater than 4, and
(b) Second, contacting the wood surface with an aqueous
preservative solution comprising a water soluble preservative
containing any or all of the following heavy metals: copper,
chromium and zinc.
28. The method of claim 27 wherein at least two of
the groups are sulfonyl groups.
29. The method of claim 27 wherein a salt of said
naphthalene derivative is used to make the derivative solution.
30. The method of claims 27 wherein the
concentration of the preservative in said preservative solution
is between about 0.1% and 10.0% by weight.
31. The method of claim 30 wherein the concentration
of the naphthalene derivative in said derivative solution is
between about 0.01% and 2.0% by weight.
21
kg/

32. The method of claim 31 wherein the pH of said
derivative solution is maintained between 2.0 and 11Ø
33. A method for treating wood which imparts color
to the wood and preserves the wood from wood destroying organisms
comprising:
(a) First contacting the wood surface with an aqueous preservative
solution of a water soluble preservative containing any or all of
the following heavy metals: copper, chromium and zinc, and
(b) Second, contacting the wood surface with an aqueous
derivative solution of one or more water soluble naphthalene
derivatives having at least one sulfonyl group, at least one
hydroxyl or amino group, and up to two additional groups selected
from the group consisting of sulfonyl, hydroxyl and amino, wherein
said groups are attached at any position around the naphthalene
ring and the total number of said groups is not greater than 4.
34. The method of claim 33 wherein at least two of
the groups are sulfonyl groups.
35. The method of claim 33 wherein a salt of said
naphthalene derivative is used to make the derivative solution.
36. The method of claims 33 wherein the
concentration of said preservative in the preservative solution
is between about 0.1% and 10.0% by weight.
37. The method of claim 36 wherein the concentration
of said naphthalene derivative in the derivative solution is
between about 0.01% and 2.0% by weight.
38. The method of claim 37 wherein the pH of said
derivative solution is maintained between 2.0 and 11Ø
39. The method of claim 6 wherein the aqueous
22
kg/

solution is applied to the wood by a vacuum/pressure process,
followed by drying the wood to a moisture content of about
20% or less.
40. The method of claim 6 wherein the aqueous solution
is applied to the wood using the Full Cell process.
41. The method of claim 6 wherein the aqueous solution
is applied to the wood using the Empty Cell process.
23
kg/

Description

Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.


51358
BACKG~OUND OF T~E INVENTION
This invention relates to a composition and method
for both coloring wood to enhance the aesthetic appearance
of the grain, and for preserving wood against various destructive
organisms or enviromnental agents responsible for rot and
decay. More particularly, this invention rclates to a com-
position and method whereby the coloring and preservins of
the wood may be accomplished simultaneously, in a single
application, or sequentially, in two separatc applications
which may be pcrformed in either order.
It 31as long been desirable to produce wood products
that are artistically and aesthetically acceptable to the
public, yet preserved from the destructive agencies of wood.
Wood that is colored and preserved is desirable for the
home, and is used in the siding, fencing, and decking industry.
Unfortunately, many of the preservative solutions used to
preserve wood from wood destroying organisms impart their
own color to the wood. In many cases the coloration imparted
by the preserving solution is undesirable for one reason or
the other.
One techniquc currently used to color wood is to
paint the wood with an oil base paint or pigmented coating.
Depending on the type of æreservative used, some of the
coatings will not adhere to the wood, resulting in hlistering
or flak1ng in a short period of time. Convcntional petro-
leum ~ased preservatives, such as creosote or pentachlorophenol
pose problems because of oily films left on the treated
--2--
.. I

~ l ~ l
l .
~ ~S~358
wood, which may rcquire several months to scason, and even
, after such scasoning, it still may be difficult for paint or
stain to penetrate the oily rcsidue left behind. Water
bascd prescrvativcs arc more de.sirai-le than convcntional
petrolcwn based yrcservatives becausc thc wood is not coatcd
with a film and can be readily paintcd or staincd after
¦treatment. ~owever, coloration is only imparted at the sur-
face of the wood with these techniques, rcsulting in limited
permanence to weatheriny.
Alternatively, the wood may be prccoated with a
coloring agent such as an oil base or latex paint followcd
by treatment with the wood prescrvative. ~any of the oil
base paints or latex paints will form a coating on the wood
which reduces or eliminatcs the penetration of the preservative
into the wood. In many cases, thc coatings and prescrv3tivcs
are incompatible with onc another.
Many conventional processcs are availablc for
coloring and ;taining wood, while scveral r)roccsses arc
available to prcserve wood from thc various wood destroying
organisms. Yet very ew satisfactory methods are available
to color and preserve the wood simultaneous]y. ~he processes
that are available are less than desirable because many are
multistepped operations. Many conventional processes provide
only a surface coloration which will scratch or wcar away
and require additional treatment or servicing For exposure
to long tcrm wcathcring.
In vicw of thc many shortcolnings ,lpplic~blc lo thc
current methods of coloring and prescrving wood, i~ is
desirable to havc a process which is not only capablc of
colorin-7 and prescrvns the wood by a single ol)cration, but
also results in the penetration of the color into thc wood
to provide for long term application and stability

~ ~S~L358
¦ SU~RY OF Tll~ INVENTI~N
It is the object of this invention to provide a
composition and method for preserving wood from deterioration
by decay and insects, which may alxo simultaneously color
the wood in a single applieation.
~ further objcct of this invention is to provide a
method of selectively eoloring the wood in sueh a way that
the color highlights the grain tones of the wood.
A further objeet of this invention is to provide a
method of impregnating the eolor beneath the surfaee of the
wood to provide for long term applieation.
Still another objeet to this invention is to pro-
vide a method for impartinq eolor to wood whieh results in
the api)earallce of uniform eolor on the surface of the wood.
In aeeordanee with the present invention thcre is
provided a water soluble preservative solution eontaininc3
any one of several known ehemieal preservative eompositions
with ~he proviso that the preservative selected eontain any
or all of the following heavy metals: eopper, ehromium, and
zine. To this preservative solution is added d speeifie
naphthalene or benzene derivative compound having at least
one sulfonyl qroup, at least one hydroxyl or amino c3roup,
and up to two additional ~roups selected from the group
consisting of sulfonyl, hydroxyl and amino, causinq a color
to develop in the preservative solution, which, depending
upon the speeifie derivative added and the metal ion present
in the prescrvative, ean selcctively vary the eolor of thc
solution from red to brown.
Naphthalene and benzene derivatives are known in
the coloring industry as intermediate compounds useful in

~LS1358
the manufacture of complex organic dyes, However, the use of
these compounds in combination with heavy metal wood preservative
compositions to impart wood coloring capability directly to the
preservative composition, is believed to be a totally new discovery
in the art.
The exact mechanism of action which is responsible for
the color development which occurs when the preservative composition
reacts with the benzene or naphthalene derivative compound, is
unknown. Color development may occur through three basic mechanisms:
(1) Formation of a salt between the metal atom and the
organic species.
(2) Reaction of the metal with the organic species, for
example, oxidation or reduction.
(3) Formation of a complex between the metal atom and
the organic species through chelation.
It is believed that the third mechanism is responsible
for the color development in this particular system. Copper and
chromium belong to a group of elements called the transition metals.
These elements are capable of forming a complex with certain organic
compounds containing oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen. Zinc although
not a transition metal is capable of forming a complex species
with certain organic compounds containing oxygen, sulfur and
nitrogen. The chelation mechanism for each compounds and class of
compounds will vary depending on the number of organic complexing
agents present and also the amount of impurities present. Tnerefore,
it is hypotheslzed that when the benzene or naphthalene derivative
is allowed to react with the metal containing preservative solution,
a complexed metal species or ion is formed imparting color to
the mixture. When wood is thereafter treated with this comples
preservative mixture or solution according to conventional wood
- 5 -
ms/r~r~

'b ~lS~358
treatment cycles employing for example~ either the Full Cell
or Empty Cell procQss( both the preservative and the attached
color developing ion complex are simultaneously carried beneath
the surface of the wood to thereby impart long lasting color to
the wood. In this manner the color and preservative are applied
simultaneously in a single step operation.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Wood is simultaneously colored and preserved by the
application of a solution of a known water soluble preservative
containing any or all of the following heavy metals: copper,
chromium, and zinc, to which solution has been added a benzene
or naphthalene derivative compound having hydroxy, amino or sul-
fonic acid functional groups attached to a ring carbon atom, in
any combination. Each functional group may be attached to any
ring carbon atom in any position along the benzene or naphthalene
ring, but only one functional group may be attached to any single
carbon atom. The salts of these compounds can also be used, and
in fact are preferred because of their increased solubility in
aqueous systems.
It has been established that benzene based derivatives
are operative in the practice of the invention but are not
commercially important. Phenol and resorcinol, for example,
have inherent water solubility but will yield a weak color
complex which will precipitate rapidly out of solution.
It is the naphthalene derivative compounds which are
preferred and are the most commercially important. Although a
naphthalene derivative will be operative without the preSenQe~
of a sulfonyl group on the ring, it will not have sufficient
stability to render the compound commercially useful. 5-Amino-l-
- 6 -
ms/l-/3~ ~

35~
naphthol is an example of one such unstable compound. Therefore,
in order for a naphthalene compound to be suitable for commercial
use, the compound must have at least one sulfonyl group attached
to the ring to render the compound sufficiently soluble in the
preservative system. It is preferred that there be at least two
sulfonyl groups present to give the composition the desired lony
term stability.
Also important to commercial success is the presence of
at least one hydroxyl or amino group on the ring, in addition to
the sulfonyl group. The presence of the amino or hydroxyl group
is essential to intense color development owing to formation of
complexes between the benzene or naphthalene derivative and the
heavy metal. It is preferred to have two hydroxyl groups, two
amino groups or one hydroxyl and one amino group for particularly
intense color development.
In summary, the compounds, the salts of which are of
particular value in the practice of this invention~ are those
naphthalene derivative compounds having at least one sulfonyl
group, at least one hydroxyl or amino group, and up to two
additional groups selected from the group consisting of sulfonyl,
hydroxyl and amino, said groups attached at any position around
the naphthalene ring. It is desirable to have three different
functional groups attached to the ring; however, it is not
necessary to have all three present for good color development.
Examples of napthalene compounds which are particularly
suitable for carrying out the method of this invention are.:
1,7-dihydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid; 2-amino-7-hydroxy-
naphthalene-5-sulfonic acid; 7-amino-1,3-naphthalene disulfonic
acid; 3-amino-2,7-naphthalene disulfonic acid; 1-amino-8~naphthol-
2,4-disulfonic acid; 1-amino-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid;
- 7 ~
ms/ ~

L35a3
2-amino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid; 8-amino-1-naphthalene
sulfonic acidi 6-amino-2-naphthalene sulfonic acid; 1-amino-8-
naphthol-4,6-disulfonic acid; 1-naphthylamine-5-sulfonic acid;
4,5-dihydroxy-2,7-naphthalene disulfonic acid; 2,8-dihydroxy-6-
naphthalene sulfonic acid; 2,7-diamino-7-naphthalene sulfonic acid;
l-naphthylamine-3,6-disulfonie acid; 8-amino-1-naphthol-3,6-di-
sulfonic acid; l-naphthol-5-sulfonic acid; and 1-naphthylamine-8-
sulfonic acid.
Examples of water soluble preservative coneentrate systems
that can be used with the color complexing agents of this invention
are:
~1) Acid Copper Chromate: containing about 28.0% -
31.8% copper as eopper oxide and about 63.3% - 68.2% chromium as
chromic acid.
(2) Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) - Types A, B and C:
TyFe A containing about 16.0% - 20.9% copper oxide, about 59.4% -
69.3% chromium as chromic acid and about 14.7% - 19.7% arsenic
as arsenic pentoxide; Type B containing about 18.0% - 22.0% copper
as copper oxide, about 33.0% - 38.0% chromium as chromic acid
about 42.0% - 48.0% arsenic as arsenic pentoxide; and Type C
containing about 17.0% - 21.0% copper as copper oxide, about 44.5% -
50.5% chromium as chromic acid and about 30.0% - 38.0% arsenic
as arsenic pentoxide.
(3) Fluor-Chrome-Arsenate-Phenol: containing about
20.0% - 24.0% fluoride, about 33.0% - 41.0% chromium as chromic
acid, about 22.0% - 28.0% arsenic as arsenic pentoxide and 14.0% -
18.0% dinitrolphenol.
(4) Chromated Zinc Chloride: containing about 19.0% -
20.0% chromium as chromic acid and about 76.0%- 80.0% zinc as
zinc oxide.
, . ,
- 8 -
mS/rl -,

3s~
(5) Tanalith*C: containing about 18.9~ copper as
copper oxide, about 51.8% chromium as chromic acid, and about
29.3% arsenic as arsenic pentoxide.
(6) Copperized Chromated Zinc Arsenate: containing
about 13.0~ copper as copper oxide, about 20.3% chromium as
chromic acid, about 11.5~ zinc as zinc oxide and about 25.2%
arsenic as arsenic pentoxide.
All of the chemical compositions and preservatives
listed above are commercially available.
In carrying out the method of this invention, the
color complexing derivatives of benzene or naphthalene may
be prepared as an aqueous solution as a metal salt of sodium,
potassium, etc. To increase the solubility of the complexing
agent in water, it may be advantageous to increase the pH of
the solution to pH 2 to 11 by the addition of a suitable
base such as sodium hydroxide, with the preferred pH range
between 8 and 10.
The aqueous salt solution is then mixed with the
water soluble preservative solution to obtain a final concent-
ration of the naphthalene derivative ranging from 0.01% to
2.0% by weight depending upon the concentration of the metal
present in the preservative solution. Concentrations above
2.0% may also be used, but due to economic considerations
the 2% upper limit is presently preferred. The preferred
final concentration of the preservative in solution is about
1% to 2~ by weight, but concentrations ranging from 0.1% to
10.0% may also be employed.
* trade mark
_ g _
ms/ -!

3~
Temperature`and pressure parameters are not critical
to carrying out this invention. A fairly wide temperature
range may be employed, with the upper limit at about 150F.
The lower limit should be sufficiently warm to prevent the
solution from freezing.
Upon the addition of the salt solution of complexing
agent to the preservative solution, the pH of the final
solution should be maintained between 0.5-3.0, and preferably
between 1.5-2.0, by the addition of acid such as sulfuric,
phosphoric, etc.
The color imparted to the wood can be varied from
brown to red or some suitable shade therebetween, depending
upon the particular combination of naphthalene derivative
complexing agents employed, and their concentration. One or
more complexing agents may be mixed or blended with the
preservative in order to obtain the desired degree of coloration.
The particular metal or combination of metals present in the
preservative solution will also influence the final coloration
imparted to the wood.
After the complexing agent has been added to the
preservative, and a sufficient period of time has elapsed to
allow for color development, the wood is treated. Color
development usually occurs within 1 to 3 hours, however,
depending upon the particular metal or metals present in the
preservative and the particular derivative used, the time
for color development may be 12 hours or longer.
The treating solution may be applied to the wood
by dipping, soaking, spraying, brushing etc. However,
- 10 -
ms/ ~

~15~L35b~ 1
vacuum and/or pressure treatment techniqucs arc prefcrred. I
Any known vacuum and/or pressurc tcchniquc may be used to I ~-
impregnate the wood according to the method of this invention,
! including both the "Empty Cell~ proccss and thc "Full Cell"
process which are well known to those skillcd in the art.
The "Full Cell", or Bethell, process is employed
in the creosoting of railway slccpers and marine timbers and
is thc normal method of treatment of any class of timber
with water-borne preservatives, and may be used with the
treating solution of the invention. It has been in continuous
use since 1838 and consists of firit subjecting the timbcr
i in a cylinder to a vacuum up to 28 inches for 1/~ to 1 hour,
then filling the cylinder with the treating solution and
applying a pressure of up to 180-200 lbs. per sguare inch
until the required amount of trcating solution has becn
injec.ed into the timber. The cylinder is thcn emptied o~
treating solution and the treated timbcr optionally subjected
to a short final vacuum to clean up the surface of thc
timber. It is usual to heat the treatin~ solution throu(;hout
the treatment e.g., to a temperature of 150-200 F, as
penetration is better when hot. As in all pressure processes
the pressure period is by far the most important factor
affecting the amount and depth of impregnation. In practice
it is the magnitude and duration of the pressure that governs
the absorption of the treating solution by the timbcr. In
¦the early stages of the pre.ssure period thc absorption by
the timber is fairly uniform but then it gradually slows
down ~ntil the absorption is too slow to bc rcadily observcd.
~lhen this point is reached thc timbcr is :;aid to havc bccn
treatcd to r~fusal. The rate of absorption varies greatly
i
ll -11-

~:LS~3s8
with different species, and tlmbers such as beech or Coriscan
¦ pine will be completely impregnated ln a few minutes while I ~.
others likc Douglas fir, larch or oak heartwood are not
completely penetrated evcn when under pressure for several
days.
The "Empty Cell" treatment, usir~ an initial air
pressure, is also known as the Rueping Process and is the
, standard method for thc creosoting of transmission poles.
I¦ It is also used for wood paving bloc~s, fen~ing, and ~uil~3ing
¦ timbers, and may be uscd with the treatmcnt solution of the
invcntion. The treating ~chedulcs aim at obtainin(3 ccmp~ctc
~, penetration of any sapwood present. The ~uepin~ trcatment
was introduced about 1912 and diffcrs from thc full ccll
method in that the timber is initially su~jected to compressed
air instead of a vacuum. The cylinder is then filled with
¦I the treating solution while maintaining thi~ pr~ssure, and
pressure is then increased with a hydraulic pump until the
l! desired amount of treating solution is injcctcd into thc
¦! timber. The pressurc is then released and the air compressed
! in the interior of the timber is allowed to escape and in so
¦jdoing expels the c:ccess liquid, leaving the cell walls
l~coated with trcating solution. This mcthod of treatment
¦~ allowq a deep impregnation of the timber without a heavy
absorption. The compression of the air origin~lly in the
wood serves to recover a small amount o~ the injected trcating
solution whcn ,he pressurc is relcascd. ~ lon~ final vacuum
!is also used to assist in this.
¦ Bcfore impregnating tim~cr with any wood trcatin~
¦solution it is essential to season it first until at least
all the frce water has becn removcd from thc cclL spaces.
This stage of seasoning represcnts a moisture contcnt of
-12-
I .. ~

. j ~ 35~3
ab~ut. 25-30~, varying slightly with different speeies.
There are two very good reasons for this: first, it is not
possible to inject another liquid into wood eontaining mueh
I water, and second, splits developing as the result of the
¦subsequent drying of thc timher would almo.st ccrtainly
expose untreated timber. It is also desirable to carry out
all cutting, machining and boring, etc., of thc timber
before treatment is applied, as all thcse operations, if
earried out after treatmcnt, would exposc untreated wood.
Where these opcrations cannot be done until aftcr treatmcnt
all exposed untreatcd timber should be givcn a liheral
application of treatinq solution, and holes preferably
treated with a pressu.e bolt-hole tr~ater.
It is preferable to color and praservc the wood
simultaneously, howcver, in certain instanccs it may be
desirable to trcat and color the wood in two stages. t~ithout
departing from the teachings of this invention the wood may
I first be ~rczted with the prcscrvative solution and then
I contactcd with the complexin~l agent. Its i!; a1;so yossibie
to apply the complexing agent to the wood initial~y, followec
by the application of the preservative solution.
~ iere again, however, it is preferred ~hat the
appli-ation process be carried out using any ~nown con~cntional
;vacuum and/or pressure technique.
The following examples will serve to further
illustrate the invention.
.1 .
Example I
Southern Yellow Pine, ~measuring 2" x G" x 4') was
!I simultaneously colored and preservcd by the Pull Ccll trcatment
llusing a l.24a CC~-C solution containing 0.59~ chromic acid,
Il
I -13-
'i
Il ,'
~$~

5~358
0.22~ copper oxide and 0.42~ arsenic pcnto ide, and 0~12
4,5-dihydroxy-2,7-naphthalene disulfonic acid. The system
was allowcd to react for three hours and the pH maintaincd
at 1.8 by the addition of sulfuric acid. The wood was
initially placed under a vacuum of 30" Hg for 30 minutes
followed by the addition of the treating solution. The
system was then pressurized for 30 minutes at a pressurc of
¦ 110 lbs. per square inch. The resulting wood, when dried,
was colorcd brown and was also protected against wood dcstroying
! organisms.
xamplc II
~ ouc31~s-fir bloc~s (1-1/2" x 2" x 6") werc simul-
taneously colorcd and preserved utilizing the Lowry Fmi~ty
Cell process using a 0.8~ CCA-B treating solution containinq
0.28~ chromic acid, 0.14~ copper oxide, 0.3~ arscnic pcntoxide
I and 0.63 7-amino-1,3-naphthalene disulfonic acid monosodium
'Isalt. The resultinq wood was air dricd to a 20~, moisturc
content and was colored a light bro~. `
Examrlc III
Il To 100 grams of water 0.45 grams of 4,5-dihydroxy-
'12,7-naphthalene disulfonic acid and 0.45 grams of 8-amino-1-
~'naphthol-3,6-di-;ulfonic acid sodium salt wcre added and the
~pT~ of thc solution raised from 2.7 to 10.0 with ~n3 sodium
hydroxide to increase the solubility. Thc intcnsity of
color appears to bc in'luenced by t:he ratio of thcse two
~derivatives. While no particular ratio is critical, a mixture
¦lof abotlt 15-70~ of 4,5-cTihydroxy-2,7-nar~thalLne disulfonic
acid and ahout 85-303 of 8-amino-1-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic
acid sodium salt is particularly effective.
j -14-
~1 "

~lS~358
This solutlon was then added to ~00 grams of a
1.~ preservative solution containinq 0.16~ cllromium as
potassium dichromate, 0.17~ copper as copper sulfate and
0.l1% arsenic as arsenic pentoxide dihydrate, and the pH
maintained at 1.8 with sulfuric acid. After 1-1/2 hours of
reaction, Western Hemlock was trcated using thc Full Ccll
process. The resulting wood was oven dried at 120~ F and
was colored a dark brown throughout.
Example IV
l Southern Yellow Pine blocks ~1/2" x 2" x 6") were
- ! simultaneously colored and preserved using the Fu]l Cell
¦¦treatment with a solution containinq 2-amino-7-hydroxy-
¦naphtllalene-5-sulfonic acid monosodium salt anc~ 4,5-dihydroxy-
2,7-napthalcne disulfonic acid disodium salt in a 1.2~ CC~-C
solution.
l Prior to treatment, 0.25 grams of 2-amino-7-
hydroxynaphthalene-S-sulfonic acid and 0.25 grams of 4,5-
dihydroxy-2,7-naphthalene disulfonic acid werc dissolved in
lO0 grams of water. The pH was adjusted to 7.0 with 10~
sodium hydro~ide. Four grams of 50~ CCA-C werc addcd to the
solution and the pH adjusted to 1.0 with sulfuric acid. The
llmixture was allowed to react for 1-1/2 hours prior to treatment
¦lof the Southern Yellow Pine. The Southern Yellow Pine
blocks were placcd in a cylinder and a vacuum of 30" llg
l¦applied for 15 minute-;, the treating solution was thcn added
!, to the cylinder ar.d the system pressurized to lO0 lbs. per
square inch for 30 minutes. The resulting wood, when dricd,
was colored a light brown and was also protected agninst
wood dcstroylng orqanisms.
~,~

~~ 15~L35~
Example V
Southern Yellow Pine blocks werc colored ~ light
brown color with a solution containing 1,7-dihy~roxynaph- j
thalcne-3,6-disulfonic acid dipotassium salt in a 1.5~ CCA-C
solut:ion using the Full Cell proccss. Initially, 0.5 grams
of 1,7-dihydroxynaphthalenc-3,6 disulfonic acid dipot~ssium
salt were dissolved in 100 grams of water. After thc dissolution ¦
¦ of the organic complexing a~ent, 3 grams of 50~ CCA-C were
¦ added to thc solution and the plt adjusted to 1.7 with conccntrated
~ sulfuric acid. The solution was allowed to rcact for 2-1~2
;Ihours and thc pl~ maintaincd at 1.7 with s!lfuric acid prior
to t--catment of the Soutllcrn Yellow Pine.
! A variety of woods can be colored and preservcd in
¦accordance with this invention including hard and/or soft
!~woods. Any type of wood may be thus simultaneously colorcd
¦and preserved provided it is capable of withstanding conven-
tional wood treatment processes.
t~ood colored and preserved according to the mcthod
lof this invention resists weathering and has many uses in
!' the construction industry. Patio and pool decks, wood
siding and beams, fcnce posts, garden ties and poles for
outdoor or indoor use are just a few of the possible products
~which may incorporate wood treated according to the mcthod
¦described herein.
,¦ It is to be fully undcrstood that all of tl-c fore-
going cxamplcs are intcndcd to be mcrcly illustrativc and
¦not to be construed or interpreted as being rcstrictivc or
otherwise limiting of the present invention, exccpting as
¦set forth and defined in the hercto appended claims.
-16-
l
,~

Dessin représentatif

Désolé, le dessin représentatif concernant le document de brevet no 1151358 est introuvable.

États administratifs

2024-08-01 : Dans le cadre de la transition vers les Brevets de nouvelle génération (BNG), la base de données sur les brevets canadiens (BDBC) contient désormais un Historique d'événement plus détaillé, qui reproduit le Journal des événements de notre nouvelle solution interne.

Veuillez noter que les événements débutant par « Inactive : » se réfèrent à des événements qui ne sont plus utilisés dans notre nouvelle solution interne.

Pour une meilleure compréhension de l'état de la demande ou brevet qui figure sur cette page, la rubrique Mise en garde , et les descriptions de Brevet , Historique d'événement , Taxes périodiques et Historique des paiements devraient être consultées.

Historique d'événement

Description Date
Inactive : Périmé (brevet sous l'ancienne loi) date de péremption possible la plus tardive 2000-08-09
Accordé par délivrance 1983-08-09

Historique d'abandonnement

Il n'y a pas d'historique d'abandonnement

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ROBERT M. LEACH
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Description du
Document 
Date
(yyyy-mm-dd) 
Nombre de pages   Taille de l'image (Ko) 
Revendications 1994-01-10 7 202
Abrégé 1994-01-10 1 17
Page couverture 1994-01-10 1 12
Dessins 1994-01-10 1 5
Description 1994-01-10 15 473