Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
1 ~ ~.5~124
~L~ANIN~ ~/O~ G~lr~ G ~CIIIN~ FOR FRI~E~ O~NG
N~1AT~`RI~S
;' The present inven~ion relates to separating machines
and more particularly it relates to cleaning and/or grading
~ machines for free-flowing materials.
.~ ~he present invention can be used to separate v~rious
free-~lowin~ materials in chemical, ore-mi~i~g and food
industries and ~ery widely to clean and/or grade grain and
~eeds in agricultureO
In many ~echnological processe~ the clea~ing and/or
grading machines for free-flowing materials ensuxe the pro-
duction of a semi-~inished or finished product o~ the re-
quired ~uality. For example9-tke modern agriculture practi-
cally cannot be prov~ded with high-quality seeds vlithout
the use o~ such machines. Known in the prior axt are ma~
t~tpes of separating machines which dif~er from one another
mainly bg tha principle o~ sepaxating free-~lowin~ materials
into fractions. 0~ all the types of separ~ting machines
used in ag~ricul~ure -the most common ones are the air-and-
screen separating machines which separate the free-~lowing
materials by airblast and ~creens. In the first place these
machines clean the seeds of many t~pes of impurities and
grade them in order to select ~he most germina~i~g ones.
~herefore, improvemen~ of the known desi~ns of such machines
and creati~n of radically new ones constitutes a vital tech-
nical problemO
~ idely known-in the prior art are cleaning and/o~
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grading machines for free-flowing materials which comprise a
frame on which are mounted one or two vertical air channels with
an aspirating chambers, a system of flat screens, a drive for
vibrating the screens, and screen cleaning devices. In most
cases such machines ensure the requisite quality of cleaning
and/or grading of free-flowing materials but their output re-
ferred to their mass is comparatively low. This should be
attributed to the fact that the intensity of separation in these
machines is governed mainly by the effect of gravity forces which
have a certain value for each kind of mixture of free-flowing
materials. Therefore, acceleration of the particles of a free-
flowing material during separation does not exceed 9.81 m/s2 which
limits the intensity of separation.
Known in the prior art is a cleaning and/or grading
machine for free-flowing materials, including grain and seeds
(see, for example Conoerse's et al U.S. patent no. 3,794,166,
dated February 26, 1974, Cl USA 209/301). This machine comprises
a housing with a movably mounted screen made in the form of a
body of revolution, a drive which imparts a rotary motion and
vertical vibration to the screen, a screen cleaner in the form
of a body of revolution installed at one side of the screen and
pressed by springs against its external surface. Such a machine
gives a considerable gain in the output referred to its mass
due to the utilization of the centrifugal forces of inertia of
the particles of free-flowing materials for in-
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1 ~55424
tensifying the process of separation. However, this machine canincorporate only one screen and thus can separate the free-flowing
material only into two fractions; the machine has no air sep-
arating channel which prevents the free~flowing material from
being cleaned and/or graded by the weight of the particles. In-
asmuch as the screen cleaner is installed at only one side of
the screen, this fails to ensure the required intensity of
cleaning of the screen holes because after the screen has turned
through an angle equal to approximately ~ radians, these holes
are again heavily clogged with the particles of the separated
material which cuts down sharply the output and performance of
the machine. The use of only one type of hole cleaner with a
smooth surface also reduces considerably the efficiency of the
machine because a sizable proportion of the particles of the free-
flowing material cannot be forced out of the holes by the cleaner
of one type alone. These disadvantages reduce substantially
the efficiency of such a machine in, say, agriculture.
There are also other known cleaning and/or grading
machines for free-~lowing materials (see, for ex~mple, Goncharov's
VSSR Author's Certificate No. 506439, issued Novem~er 21, 1975,
Int. Cl. B07 B 1/44). This machine comprises several identical
air-and-screen separating units rigidly secured on the frame,
a drive for actuating the working elements of the units, and
aspirating chambers connected with said units. Each unit
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1 ~55~2~
consists o~ a hollow housing accommodating a consecutivel~
arranged air-separating device and a vertical rotor~ Mou~ted
movably on ~he rotor is a screen drum with several consecuti-
vely arranged screens made i~ the form of a body of re~olu-
tion. Installed on the upper part of the rotor, coaxiall~
therewith, on bearings i5 a thrower in the form of a trun-
cated cone with a smooth surface, drive, by the rotor via a
reduction unit. ~he` screen drum ~nd screens are of the in-
separable construction, the ~cxeens being rigidly secured
on the drum. At one side of the screen drum are installed
screen cleaners made in the form of a body of revolution
and provided with a bristl~ surface. The cleaners are arti-
culated to the unit housing and pressed against the external
surface of the screens. For receiving the free-flowing mate-
rial each unit incorporates a batching device constituted
by a cylindrical pipe with a gate installed thereon. he
screens are put i~ vibratory motio~ by crank-type vibratQrs
rigidly ~ecured to the frame of the machine. The sc~een dxum
with screens rotates arou~d a vertical axis and simultaneously
vibrates along the same a~is.
~ he free-~lowing material delivered into the machine
is first treated with air for separating the "light'7 particles
the~ consecutivel~ by several scraens for separating the
material into the required ~umber of fractions. ~ue to ~he
effect of the ce~trifugal forces of inertia on the particles
of the material being ~ep æ a~ed by the rotating and vibrating
3creens the output and performa~ce of the la~tsr are radical~y
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1 ~5~24
improved. ~he amount of the material loaded int~ ~he machine
can be controlled by ~chan~ing the height of the gap bet~een
the gate and the thrower bottom.
r~his machine is favourably distinguished from the other
prior art machines by high output and versatility~ for
ex~mple, by the possibility of separating the material into
more than two fractions and grading it by the weight of par-
~icles. Eo~ever~ this machine has substantial disadvantages too.
The fact tha~ the screen drum and screens are inseparable and
that the screens ar~ rigidly secured o~ the drum co~plicates
considerably the replacement o~ screen~ in case of their wear
or when shi~ting over to treatment of another kind of frea-
-floY~in~ material and reduces su~sta~tially the standardiza-
tion of machines which incorporate screen drums-with a diffe-
re~t number of screens. The use of only one type of cleaners,
e.g. with a bristly surfa~e and installed only at one side
of the screen drum constitutes the sam2 disadvantage as that
of the oth2r machines. ~he provision ~n the machine of the
reduction unit for driving the thrower complicates the design
and impairs reliability. The batching device in the form of a
cy~indrical pipe with a gate installed thereon fail~ to e~-
SU~8 the requisite uniformity of batching of the free-flowing
material thus r~d~cing th~ efficienc~ o~ the machine. All
these factors taken to~ether complicate the employment
of the machine and reduce the degree of ~tandardization
of such machines characterized b~ dif~erent output and appll-
_, ., . _ . .
1 ~ 55~24cation.
~he main obae~t of the present in~ention resides in a
- considerable increase in the efficienc~ of separation of
free-flowing materials.
Another object of the present invention resides in
stepp~ ng Up the degree of standardization of the cleaning
and~or grading machines fox free-flowing materials o~ diffe-
rent output and applica~ion~
Still another object of the prese~t invention resides
in simplifying substan~ially the replacement of screens ~n
service.
An important objec~ of the present inYentiOn resides
in simpli~ying the design o~ the cleaning and/or grading
machine for free-flowi~g materials.
¦ Another important object of the present invention
resides is providing a cleaning and/or grading machine ~or
¦ free-flowing materials wherein a modi~ication of the desig~ -
of the screen drum, screens, screen hole cleaner~, batching
I device and thrower would increase considerably the ef~icienc~
I of the machine and simplify its desig~ and operatio~
I These and other object~ are accomplished b~ providing
¦ a cleaning and/or grading machine for ~ree-flowing material~
I comprising at least one cleaning and/or grading unit v~hose
¦ hollow housing is secured on the frame and accommodates the
! conse~Utivel~ arranged batching device, air-separati~g
I channel with a ~ree-flowing material thrower inside, a rotox
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I 1 55424
i with a screen)drum whose upper part houses a material dis-
tributor 9 screen cleaners installed at the external side of
the drum in direct co~tact Y~ith said external sur~ace, and a
drive ~astened on the frame and imparting to the drum a
rotar~ and, simultaneously, vibratory motion, each unit
being connected with an aspirating chamber wherein, accord-
ing to the invention, the screen drum is o~ a built-up cons-
truction consisting of several consecutively arr~nged sec-
~ions, each section comprising a screen i~ the ~orm of a
body of revolution secured on supporting rings, wherein
all the sectio~s are interco~nected by the tie rods e~tend-
ing through the supporting rings and wherein ~he screen
cleaners are installed opposite to each other rela~ive to
ths rotation axis of the dxum.
This l~yout of the machine increases considerably
! the effectiveness of separation of the free-flowing material and simul~aneously improves st~nd~rdization o~ such machine~
Of di~fere~t output and applicatio~.
It is practicable that the screen should be of a sepa-
rable construction, consisting o~ several sections along its
generating surface.
This design of the screen simpli~ies considerabl~ its
replacement in the machin~.
The joints between the separable section~ of the screen
should be enclosed in hollo~ straps whose ~al~s ~ill serve
as stiffener ribs o~ the screen-
This ensures the requisite sealing of the screen joints
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1 ~5542~
and at the same time raises their sti~ness in a radial di-
rection.
It is practicable ~hat the screens should be provided
with cleaners having smooth and bristly sur~aces.
This will ensure a much more efficient cleaning of
the scree~ holes from various particles of the material
being separated.
The screen ho~es cleaner should be made in the form
of a body of revolution , its shaft should be secured on a
lever one end of which should be connected by a joint with
the unit body~ the other end with a damper 2nd the cleaners
should be pressed against the external surface of the screen
drum by a spring.
This will improve considerably the stability o~ clean-
er pressing against the screen thereby intensifying the clean-
ing of the hole.
The damper should be made in the orm of a friction
pai~ one element of which has the form of a cylinder and is
movably linked wlth the unit body while the other element has
the form of a current plate ri~idly co~nocted w~th the other
end of the lever; the co~vex side of the curved plate should
bs in contact with the cylinder and the centre of curvature
of its surface should coincide with the centre of the joint.
This ~ill simplify the de~ign of the damper and ex~end
its service life.
The distributor should be made in the or~ of a trun-
1 ~5542~L
cated cone whose larger base points upward~
This will ensure a higher uniformity o~ supply of ~hematerial being separated onto the surface o~ the scree~.
~ he internal surface o~ the screen drum around the
distri~utor should be provided with longitudinal ribs in
the form o~ plates.
~ his will prevent tangential slipping of the material
over the screen surface and ~nsure a more u~i~orm distribution
of the material over the perimeter o~ the screen (along the
line of its normal scction).
~ he batching device consists of an inlet pipe and an
outlet pipe rigidly connected to each other with their longi-
tudinal axes intersecting at an angle approximately equal to
/2 and ths o~tlet pipe accommodates an adausting valYe.
This ensures uniform batching o~ the ~ree-flowing mate-
rial thus improving the quality o~` separatio~.
The thrower o~ the lree ~lowing material is made o~ a
guide cone rigidly connected to a throwing cone, the apices
of both cones pointin~ in opposite directions and the guide
cone being arranged coa~ially inside the throwing cone whose
inter~al surface matches with the external sur~ace o~ the
guide cone b~ a toroidal sur~ace; rigidl~ connected to these
sur~aces are plate-like vanes whose height is considerably
smaller th~n that o~ the throwing cone.
~ his ensures the required speed of delivery o~ the
free-flowing ~aterial into the air-separating channel and
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simpli~'ies th~ design of the machine due to the reduction
unit ~rom the thrower drive.
Now the inven-~ion will be explained by way of examples
with re~erénce to the accompanying dra~ing, in which:
Fig. 1 is a ~tructural diagram o~ the cleaning and~or
~rading machine for free-flowi~g materia~s a~cording to the
invention;
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the rotor of the
cleaning and/or grading unit o~-the cleaning and/ox grading
machine ~or free-flowing materials according to the inven-
tion;
~ ig. 3 is a cross section of the cleaning andJor gra-
ding unit of the cleanin~ and~or grading machine ~or ~ree~
~lo~ing materials according to the inven~ion;
Fig. 4 is a section through the screën drum mounting
hinge on the rotor of the cleaning and/or grading unit
according to the invention;
~ ig. 5 is a structura~ diagxam o~ the screen c~eaner
and its ~astening to the body of the c~eaning and/or grading
unit according to the invention;
Fig. 6 ~s a section thxough khe batching device o~ the
clean~ng and~or grading unit according to the invention~
~ ig. 7 is a section through the material ~hxower accord-
ing to the inven~ion;
~ ig. 8 is a top ~iew of the material thrower accoxding
to the invention.
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The cleaning and/or grading machine for free-f~owing
materials comprises, for examp~e, two cleaning and/or grading
units 1 (Fig, 1) installed on a common f~ame 2 and communica
ted with an aspirating chamber 3. Mounted on the ~rame 2 are
the drives ~ o~ the units 1. ~he machine according to the
i~vention may also be provided for example with only one
unit 1 which design will be dea~ with in detail below~
~ ach clea~in~ and/or grading unit 1 compxises a hollow
housing 5 mounted on a ~rame 2. ~he housing ~ accommodates
a circular air-separating channel 6 and a thrower 7 intended
to deliver the ~ree-flowing material into the circular channel
6. ~ocated under the separating channel 6 is a roto~ 8 (Figs
1~2,~) with a screen drum 9~ Drum cleaners iO and 11 are
installed on the housing 5 (Figs 1,3) at the e~ternal surface
of the drum 9 in direct contact with the latter.
In the upper part of the housing 5 (Fig. 1~ is installed
a ~atching device 12 which delivers the ~ree-f~owing material
o~to the thrower 7.
~ he walls of the housi~g 5 are provided ~ith holes 13
admitting air in~o the channel 6 and with outlet channels
14,15,16,17 and hatches 18~ The housing 5 has an outlet 19
into the aspirating chamber 3. ~he outlet channels 14 and 15
of each unit are interconnected by collectors 20 and 21.
~ he aspirating chamber 3 has i~let channels 22 with
valves ~3; it also has an outlet channel 24 with a valve 25
and a channel 26.
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1:~55424
~ he rotor 8 (Fig. 1) is installed on th~ housing 5 on
bearings 27 and 2~. ~he bearing 27 is connected ~ith the
housing 5 by a cone 29 which delivers the free-fLowing ma-
terial to the rotor 8.
~ he rotor 8 (Figs 1,2) has an upper sha~t 30 rigidly
connected with a plate 31, and a hollow lower shaft 32 ri-
gidly.connected with a plata.33. ~he plates 31 and 33 are
rigidly interconnected by three supports 34.
The screen drum 9 is secured on the rotor 8 ~Figs 1,2,3)
by means of kangers 35 provided with hinges 36. The hangers
35 are arranged in threes in the upper and lower par~s of the
screen drum and transmit the rotary movement from the rotor
8 to the screen drum 9, simultaneously parmitting the screen
drum 9 to reciprocate (vibrate) in a ~ertical directio~.
The screen drum 9 (Figs 1~2,3) is of a built-up cons-
truction consisting for e~ample of two consecutively arr~nged
identical sections 37 and a section 389 each of thesQ sec-
~ions comprising a screen 39 having the shape of a body of re-
volu~ion, e.g. cylindrical. I~ is expedient that the scxeen
39 (Fig~ 2) sh~u~d be secured o~ supporting rings 40 and 41
i~ the section 38 and on supporting rings 41 in the section
37~
~ he suppor~ing rin~ 41 (Fig. ~) can be made, ~or
example, of a strong and light material and comprise two
concentricaLl~ arrange~ rims 42 and 43 interconnected b~
ribs 44. ~he inner rim 43 should have three equidistant
through holes 45 (Fig~ 2, 3). The ring 40 (Fig. 2) can be
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3L 155424
made of the same material and, similarl~ to the ring 41,
have equidistant holes 46.
~ here should be hollow spacer posts 47 installed
between ths rings 40 and 41 (Figo 2) of the section 38
and bet~een the rings 41 o~ the section 37 opposite the
holes 46 and 45 respectively~
Installed between the sections 37 and 38 opposi~e
the holes 45 of the supporting rings 41 are the hinges 36
of the hangers 75 while located betw~en the sections 37 is
a crosspiece 48 (~igs 1~293) so tha~ its ho~es 49 (Fig. 2)
coincida with the holes ~5 in the supporting rings ~1. In the
lower part o~ the screen drum 9 there also are the hinges 36
of the hangers 35 installed opposite the holes ~5 of ~he
supporting ring 41. ~he sections 37 and 38 as well as the
hinges 36 and the crosspiece 48 ~re held together b~ the
e~uidistant tie rods 50 passin~ throu~h the holes 46 o~ the
ring 40, the holes 45 of the rings 41, the.hinges 36 a~d the
holes 4~ c~ the crosspiece 4~. .
This design of the screen drum 9 makes it possible to
manufacture the screen drums from standardized sections 37
and 38 with a di~f2rent number o~ scr~ens in the c~eaning
and~or grading machines for free-flowing materia~s o~ di~fe-
rent output and applicatio~s. ~his ens~res a high structural
standardization of these machines, thus r~ducing their manu-
~acturIng and operating C08tS.
. ~he hangers 35 (Fig~ 1,2,3~) have the form of a rod
with rings 51 (Fig. 4) a~ both ends. ~hese rings receive at
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~ ~55424
both sides sleeves 52 of a flexible and wear-resista~t
materia~, e.g. rubber or ~lexible pol~urethane. Installed in-
side the sleeves 52 are steel sleeves 5~ which accommoda~e a
tie rod 50 at one end of the h~nger 35 (~ig. 2) and a post
54 a~ the other end, this post 54 being rigidly connected
wit~ the rotor 8. This design ol the hangers 36 renders them
highly dependable for the required kinematics of the s~reen
drum 9.
Vanes 55 and 56 are rigidly attached to the rotor 8
(Fig. 1) a~d v~nes 57 and 58 (Figs 1a2)~ to the screen drum
9. ~hese vane~ are intended to unload the fractions o~ the
~aterial to be separated from the unit 1 ~Fig. 1).
Seals 59 ~ade of a ~exible material, e.g. rubber,
are installed between the rings 41 (Fig. 2) i~ the joint
between the sections 37 and 38.
The screen 39 (Figs 2,3) is ~ade separable along the
generating line "A" (~ig. 2) o~ its sur~ace, being divided,
~or exa~p~e, into two identical parts I and II (Fig. ~)~
This design of the screen 39 simplifies considerably its rep~a-
cement in the screen drum (Figs 1,2,~).
In the disclosed machine the screen 39 may be made
separable into a larger number o~ parts1 for e~ample into
three or four parts, depending on the screen diameter.
Each section ~7 and 38 (~ig. 2) should be provided
with hollow straps 60 (~igs 2,3) secured rigid~y to th~
rings 40 and 41. The number of the straps 60 should be equal
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1 15542~
to the number o~ the separable parts of the screen 39, e.g.
I and II~ ~he j~inting portions 61 (~ig. 3) of the parts I
and II o~ the screens ~9 should be located bet~een the~lls
60I and 60II o~ the hollow straps 60. The walls 60I a~d 60
serve simu~taneousl~ as the radial stiffener ribs of the
parts I and II o~ the screens 39~
~ his e~sures sealing of the parts I and II oX the
screen 39 at the joints along the generating lino 'IA" (Figo2)
and egtends considerably its seFvice li~e due to a higher
stiffness in a radial direction.
~ he parts I and II (~ig. ~) o~ the screen 39 are held
more reliably on the supporting rings ~0 and 41 (Fig~ 2)
and in the hollow straps (Figs 2, 3) by clamps 62.
Each of the screens 39 (Figs 2~ 3) is cleaned b~ the
jointly installed bWO cloaners 10 and 11 (Figs 1, 3) arranged
opposite each other rela~ive to the rotation axis 6~ (~igs
1, 2) o~ the screen drum 9. O~e o~ the cleaners, ~or example
10 ( Figs 1, 3), has a smooth sur~ace and the othe.r one 11,
a bristly surface. ~he number of the clea~ers o~ t~pes 10
and 11 may be greater~ for e~ample ~our~ depe~ding on the.
diameter o~ the screen 39. ~he cleaners 10 and 11 must be
made in the lor~ of a bod~ o~ revo~ution whose shaft 54
~Fig. 5) ls installed in a bearing 65 on a lever 66. One e~d
66" o~ the lever 66 is connected b~ a joi~t 67 an~ support
68 with a plate 69 rigidl~ secured on the housing 5. ~he
other end 66' o~ the lever 66 .is connected to a damper 70.
~he damper 70 suppxesses the ~orced vibrations o~ the clea~
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1~$542
ners 10 and 11 ari~ing during rotatio~ of the screen drum 9
~Figs 112,3).
~ he damper 70 (Fig. 5) can be, for example, of a
friction type consistIng of two elements 71 and 72~ It is
expedient that ~he element 71 should be made cylindrical
in shape and connected by a post 73 and a hinge 74 v~ith the
plate 69. ~he element 71 is made o~ anti-friction material, say,
fluorinated plastic~ etc.
~ he element 72 has the form of a curved plate of a
hard v7ear-resistant material and is rigidly connected with
the end 66~ o~ the lever 66. ~he convex side 75 of the ele-
~-ent 72 should contact the elem~nt 71 a~d the centre "0"' o~
curvature (radius of curvature t~l) of the sur~ace 75 should
coincide with the centre "0" of the hinge 67. ~he suxface
of the convex side 75 of the element 72 is smooth.
The elements 71 and 7~ are pressed against each o~her
by a spring 76 which at the same time presses the cleaners
10 a~d 11 against the surface o~ the screens 39 (~igs 2,3,5)
of the screen drum 9 (~igs 1,2,3) through ~ post 7? rigidly
connected with the lever 66. ~he friction type of the damper
70 (Fig. 5) en~ures simplicity of its design and high opera-
tional dependability.
The damper in the disclosed machine may a~so be hydrau-
lic or ma~netoelectricl depending on the abrasive and mag~e-
tic properties o~ the ~ree-~lowing material being separated.
The smooth cleaners 10 (Figs 1,~,5) may be made as,
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1 1554~
sa~ t discs 78 (Figo 5~ slipped on the sha~t 64. It is ex-
pedien~ that these discs should be made from a wear-resistant
material?
It is practicable that the brist~y cleaners 11 ~Figs
1~ 3) should be in the ~orm of discs 79 (~ig~ 3) with resi-
lient brist~es 80 secured thereto. ~he brist~es are made of,
say, wear-resista~t synthetic materia~s.
~ he distributor 81 (~igs 1, 2) is rigid~y connected
wi~h the sha~t 30 o~ the rotor 8 and is made in the ~orm o~
a truncated cone whose larger base 82 poirl~s upward.
~ igidly secured o~ ~he internal sur~ace o~ the screen
dru~ 9, ~or e~ample on the ri~g 40 (Fig.2) around the distri-
butor 81 are longitudinal ribs 83 (~igs 1, 2) in the form of
plates. This design of the distributor 81 and the provision
o~ the ribs 83 ensure uni~orm delivery and distribution of
the free-f~owing material in the scre~n drum 9 (Figs 1,2,3).
~ he batching de~ice 1~ (Figs 196) consists o~ an in~et.
pipe 84 (Fig, 6) and an outlet pipe 85. The longitudinal
axes 86`and 87 of the inlet pipe 84 and outlet pipe 85
intersect at an angl~ which is approximately equal to J~/2.
Installed inside the outlet pipe 85 is an adjustin~ valve
88 secured by a hinge 8~ to the pipe 85 which permi-t~ chan-
ging the size of the gap "a". 0~ top, the out~et pipe 85
is closed with a cover 90 which can be made remoYable.
The thrower 7 ~igs 1,7,8) comprises a guide cone 91
rigidly connected to a thrower cone 92 (Fig~ 7). ~he cone
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1 ~55~24
91 is arra~ged coaxially i~side the cone 92 and the cone
apices point in opposite directîons.~he internal surface
of the thrower cone 92 matches with the external surface
of the guide cone 91 by a toroidal surface 93. Rigidly
secured to these surfaces are plate-like vanes 94 (Figs
7~8) which can be arranged; for example, radially with rela-
~ion to the centre ~5 (~ig~ 8) o~ the base 96 (~ig. 7) o~
the thrower 7 (Figs 1,7,8). ~he height h o~ the plate~like
vanes 94 is considerabl~ smaller than the height E of the
thrower cone 92. ~he base 96 of the thrower 7 is rigidly
connected with the upper shaft ~0 (Figs 1~,3,7) o~ the
rotor 8 (Figs 1,2).
Xotary motion is imparted to the rotor 8 o~ each unit
1 (Fig. 1) by an electric motor 97 with a pulley 98 installed
on the frame; the pulley is connected by a belt transmission
99 with a pu~ley 100 rigidly secured on the rotor 8.
~ ibratory motion along the axis 63 is imparted to
the scree~ drum 9 (~ig~ 1) by a vibrator 101 installed on ~he
frame 2 and ~rovided with a cra~ shaft 102 connected with
an electric motor 103. The crank 104 of the shaft 102 is
linked movabl~ with a rod 105 (Figs 192)`which is connected
with the crosspiece 48 by a spherical bearing 106.
~ o relieve the crank shaft 102 (Fig. 1) of the weight
of the scree~ drum 9, the crosspiece 48 is connected b~ a
spring 107 with the shaft 30 (Figs 1,2) of the ro~or 8. In
this way the weight of the screen drum 9 is applied to the
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rotor 8,
Should it become ~ecessary to reduce the rated outpu-t
of the machine according to tn~ inven~ion, it may be used
with, say 3 only one unit 1 (Fig. 1). In this case the number
of drives 4 will be correspondingly reduced, the dimensions
o~ the ~rame will diminish proportionally and the aspirating
chamber 3 wil~ be made with a corresponding~y smaller num-
ber o~` ch~nnels 22 and valves 23. '~he collectors 20 ~nd 21
are eliminated altogether.
The c~ea~ing and/or ~rading machine for free-~lowing
materials realized according to the prese~t invention func-
tions as follows. As the electric motor 97 (~ig. 13 is
switched ont ~he rotor 8 is set in rotation via the belt
transmission 99. Simultaneously, the rotary motion is
transmitted via the hangers 35 (~igs 1,293) from the rotor
8 to the screen drum 9. The cleaners 10 and 11 (Fi~s 1,33
pxessed ~gainst the screens 39 (Fi~s 2~) of the scree~ drum
9 (Figs 1,2) also start rotating due to the effect of the
forces of friction.
As the electric motor 103 (Fig. 1) is turned on, the
crank shaft 102 of the vibrator 101 also starts rotating
so th~t thè rod 105 imparts ~ia crosspiece 48 vibrator~
(reciproca~ing) motion to the scree~ drum 9 (~igs 17 2)
along the axis 63.
~ he free-flowi~g ma~erial to be separated e~ter~ at
a certain velocity into the i~let pipe 84 ~Fig. 6) of the
batching device 12 (Fig~ 1; 6) of each uni-t 1 (~ig~
-- ~0 --
~1 15542~
Inasmuch as the batching device is realiæed in accordance
with the present invention, the stream of the free-~loY~ing
material is directed by the inlet pipe 84 into the outlet
pipe 85 at an almost straight angle to the surface of the
adjusting valve 88 and this reduces sharply -the velocity of
the stream of the material being separated. Fr~m the outlet
~ipe 85 the material emerges at an almost constant speed
which depends but very little on the velocit~ with which
the material has entered the pipe 84. r~he amount of the
material is batched by changing the size o~ the gap "a`'
which is achieved b~ turning valve 88 in the hinge 89~
~his ensures uniform batching o~ the free-~lowing material
when the disclosed machine is used under various conditions
which improve~ considerably the ef~iciency o~ the machine.
~ rom the outl~t pipe 85 (Fig. 6) the material being
separated ~alls in a metered stream on the guide co~e 91
(Fig. ?)` of the thrower 7 (Figs 1,7,8). ~his cone delivers
the material uni~ormly to the vanes 94 (Figs 798) while the
toroidal sur~ace 93 (~ig. 7) ~eeds it ~reel~ onto ~he inner
surfàce o~ the thrower co~e 92. ~he ~anes 94 accelerate sharply
the moYement of the material and deliver it in u~i~orm streams
to the upper part (H - h) of the thrower cone 92. On this
portion of the smooth surface of the cone 92 individual
streams of the material merge into a solid ~low which is then
introduced at the required speed into the circu~ar air sepa-
rating cha~nel 6 (~ig. 1). ~his design o~ the thrower 7
_ 21 -
1 ~55~24
(~ig~ 1~778) attains two effects simultaneously9i~e imparts
the required velocity to the material being separated and
distributes it uni~ormly in the separating cha~nel 6.
A ~an installed, for example, ou-tside of the disclosed
machine, builds up a stream of air ~lowing through the holes
13 (Fig. 1), circular channel 6, outlet 19, chan~el 22, aspi-
rating chamber 3, channel 26, and thence,/through an addi~i-
onal air duct9 to the fan. The material distributed by the
thrower 7 in the circular channe~ 6 is blown by the air
stream which separa~es "light" particles ~rom said material
and carries them into the aspiratin~ chamber 3 from where they
are unloaded into the channel 2~ and are conducted through
the valve 25 into the connector 20.
~ he velocity of the air flow in the cix~ular channel 6
is co~trolled by the valve 230
The material treated with air is directed b~ the cone
29 onto the distributor 81 rotating join~ly with the rotor 8.
Due to th~ design o~ the distributor 81 according to the
present invention the free-flowin~ material slides over its
internal surface radially and tangentially and i~ thus uni-
~ormly distributed over the internal sur~ace of the ri~g 40
(~ig. 2) which is proYia~d with xibs 83 ~Figs 1, 2)~ ~h~
ribs 83 catch equal portions o~ the ~ree-~lowing material
and rotate them at a speed equal to the rotation speed o~ the
scxeen drum 9. At the same time the ribs 83 pre~en~ said
portions of the material from sliding tangentially over the
- 22 ~
-
1 155~2~
internal surface of the ring 40 (~ig. 2). Al~ these ~actors
ensure unifQrm distribution o~ the material along the peri-
meter S (Fig. 3) of the screens 39 (Figs 2, ~) which is
vital for highly efficient performance of the screens 39-
~his increases the output and the performance o~ the screens
3~.
Joint rotation of the material with the screen drum 9
(~ig. 2) creates a centrifugal force of inertia which pres~
ses the material against the i~ternal surface of each screen
39 wh; le the vibrator~ motion of these screens join~ly with
the screen drum 9 creates an additional force of inertia
which interacts with the weight of the particles and ensures
the progressive downward motion of the material o~er the
surface of the screens 39. ~aken together, all these fac
tors ensure intensive shifting, for example, of the smallest
particles by the upper screen 39 (Fig. 2), of larger particles-
by the middle screen 39 and of still larger particles, b~ the
lo~e~ screen 39. Each fraction of the free-flowing material
i~ unloaded, respectivel~ bg the rotating vanes 58957,56
~Figs 1,2) into the outlet channels 14,15~16 (Fig. 1).
~ he largest particles of the material being separated
~ann ~rom the lower screen 39 and are unloaded by tho
va~es 55 into the outlet chan~el 17~ In this manner the
source mixture of the free-flowing material is divided into
the required ~umber of fractions which is an import~t advan~r
tage of the disclosed machine as compared with the prior art
1 ~5S424
machines.
~ he hollow straps 60 (Figs 2, 3) preven-t the material
f~om falling through at the aoining zones 61 (Fig. 3) of the
par~S I and II of the screens 39 which rules out the possi-
bility of contami~ation of the produced fractions of the
free-flowing material thereby improving the operational
st~ndard of the machine according to the inventionO
As the free-flowing material ~s being sifted through
the screens 39 (Figs 2, 3), their holes are intensively
clogged with the particles of ~he material. ~he cleaners
10 and 11 (Figs 1, 3) force these particles out of the holes.
~he fact that the cleaners 10 and 11 are set opposite to
each other relative to the rotation axis 63 (Figs 1, 2) of
the screen drum 9 (Figs 1,2,3) according to the invention~
ensures a more intensive cleaning of the holes in the screens
39 (Figs 2, 3) than can be obtained in the pre~iously known
~achines wherein the cleaners of the type 10 or 11 are in-
stalled a~ one side of the s¢reen drum. ~his likewise leads
to a substantial improvement of performance of the screens 39.
~ he use of the cleaners with a smooth surface 10 (Figs
1~ 3) join-tly with the cleaners wi-th a bristly surface 11
in the machine according to the prese~t invention a~so im-
proves the cleaning of the holes in the screens 39 (Figs
1,2,3) because the smooth cleaners 10 characterized bg
sufficient stiffness are more efficien~ in freeing the
screen holes from the fir~y stuck particles which mainlg
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., , , ., . . . . ,, , ., .. .... , . . .. .. , . . ... , I
~ :~55~24
stand out abo~e the external sur~ace of the scree~s 39. 'rhe
cleaners 11 (Figs 1, 3) with ~le~ible bristles 80 (Fig. 80)
are more efficient in forcing out the particles that are
embedded deep in the screen holes~ Just the join~ utiliza-tion
of the cleaners 10 and 11 ensures a b~ far ~ore effecti~e
cleaning o~ the holes than their separate employmen-t; t~i~
additiona~l~ raises the output ana per~ormance of the machine
according to the present invention.
~ s the cleaners 10 and 11 (Fig. 3) roll over the sur-
face o~ the screens ~9, they break contact with these screens
periodically due to a number o~ factor8 acting on the cleaners
10, 11 such as, ~or example, the action of the particles
standing out o~ the holes. This motion o~ the cleaners
10 and 11 reduces the intensity of hole c~eaning. ~he nega-
'iv~ e ~ect o~ thi6 phenomenon is considerably limited by
connecting the cleaners 10 a~d 11 with a friction damper 70
(~ig. 5). ~Yhen the cleaner 10 or 11 (Figs 39 5) breaks o~f
~rom the screen 39g the element 72 (Fig~ 5) of the damper 70
is displaced relative to the eleme~t 71 so that a considerable
proportion o~ the kinetic energy of the cleaner 10 or 11
is spent for doing work by the forces of friction originated
by the contact between the elements 71 and 72. The curved-
plate shape o~ the element 72 whose centre of curvature
"0 "' coincides with the centre i.o~. o~ the hinge 67 and the
c~lindrical shape of the element 71 ensure s~ooth moveme~-t
(sliding) of the element 71 withou~ scoring and wedging over
__ . ~ __., . __ _ . _ ._ _ _.. ~. .. _ .. ... ,.. _ _._. _ . .. _ _ . __.. _ .. _ .. _ ._ . _.. ... _.. _ . _ .. _ - .. _.. .. __. _~ .r.--.. .- - - . - - .--
.. .... -
:
1 ~5~24
-the co~eæ surface 75 of the element 72. This increases
considerabl~ the reliabi~ity of the damper 70 ~nd the stan-
dard of cleaning of the screens 39 by the cleaners 10 and
1'1 (~igs 19 3).
In this ty,oe of cleaning and/or grading machines for
free-~lowing materials it is essential that th~ screens
should be efficientl~ cleaned easily removable and stan-
dardized.It is just due to the ~act that the screen ~rum 9
(~'igs 1, 2) is built up of several sections 37 a~d 38, that
the screens 39 are of the ~eparable construction consist-
ing for e~ample of two parts I and II a~ong the generating
surface and that the ~creen cleaners 10 ana 11 are installed
opposite each other according to the invention, the machine
acquires the basic advantage, that of a considerably higher
efficiency ~nd a high degree of stanaardization. Besides,
the joint employment of the smooth and bristl~ cleaners 10
and 11 and their joining with the friction damper 70 reali-
zed according to the inven*ion i~pxo~es sti~l more the
efficiency of the machine due to a more intensive cleani~g
of the screen holes~ In addition to this ef~ect, the uni~orm
deliver~ of the material onto the screens 39 due to the
provision of the distributor 81 and ribs 83 according to
the invention improves considerably the e~iciency o~ the
disclosed machine.
Besides, the e~ficienc~ of the disclosed machine is
increased due to the design o~ the batching device 12 ~ s
- 26 -
1 ~5542~
19 6) according to the invention which ensures uniform batch-
ing of the free-flowing materials thereby improving their
separation. ~he quality of separati~on of the free-flowing
materials is also improved because the-:thrower 7 (~igs 1~7,8)
realized according to the invention impart~ an optimum velo-
cit~ to the material and distributes it uniforml~in the
separating channel 5 (~ig. 1).
- ~7
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