Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
;5~t~t`i;l
45-SL-013
F~E~D MECHANISI~ FOR CONTINUOUS
AND CUT FORM PAPER
Ba~kground of the Invention
The present invention relates to friction feed mechan-
i~ms for continuous.and cu~ ~orm paper. In particular, the
invention relates ~o improved means for feeding cut forms to
and from the inormation recording or reproducing region o~
an infonmation handling device~ .
In an impact printing machin~3 there is generally provided
a cylindrical platen around which the paper is f~d, a
printing mechanism disposed in a printing region adjacent to
the platen and an inked ribbon dic;posed between the printing
me~hanism and the platen. In operation, the printing
mechanism impacts the inked ribbon and drives it against the
paper on the platen to perform the printing operation. It
is essential that the paper be held against the platen in
the printing region ~o that the paper will have a firm base
th~rebeneath, against which the printing elements can be
struck. It is also important that no bulges or slack
regions be formed in the paper to insure ~hat as the paper
- i~ advanced ~y the feed mechanism, the portion o~ the paper
in the printing region will mo~e the same distance as the
portion in the ~eed mechanism to insure accurate spacing
between lines o~ print.
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In standard typewriters these requirements are met by
pro~iding guide means which positively ~uide t~e'paper along
substantially its en~ire path around the platen and thr~ugh
the printing region. But in line printers of the continuous
belt type, such paper guides canno~ ~e used because in the
printing region an opening or window must be pravided along
the entire lenyth of the platen, since plural points any-
where along the platen may be imprinted simultaneously.
Typically, line printers are designed for use with
con~inuous form paper. In such machines khe leading edge of
the continuous form iB hand-fed around the platen and
through the printing region and engaged with a dri~e mechan-
ism downstraam from the printing region, which drive mechan-
ism qerves to pull the paper through the printing region,
~his pulling action ser~ing to hold the paper against the
platen~ ~he drive mechanism may be in the form of pinwheels,
pressure rollers and other tractor devices which engage
apertures in tho edges of the paplsr form.
While the foregoing arrangem~_nt works fine for contin-
uous forms, it cannot be used ~ith cut foxms in discrete
sheets, since there is no means for autom~tically feeding
such sheets through the machine. More specifically, there
is no mechanism or e~fectively driving the sheet through
the pri~ting region and ~o the point at which the leading
edge engages the tractor mechanism. In a conventional
typewriterl thLs feeding is effected through a friction feed
mechanism comprising friction xollers coopera~ing with the
dri~en platen $rictionally to drive ~he paper therebe~weenO
Such friction ~eed me~h~nism is typically below the pla en
and serves to push the paper upw~xdly ~round the platen and
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to the printing xegion. Additional pinch rollers may then
be u~ed above the printiny region to assist in guiding the
paper and holding it against the platen.
Attempts to use ~his standard friction drive mechanism
s with belt-type line printers such as chain~ or bands for
permitting the automatic feediny of discrete sheets there-
through have not been successful for several reason~. First
of all, the use of a riction feed which pushes ~he paper
through the printing region will not su~fice, in and of
it~elf, to permit automatic ~eeding o~ discrete sheets.
This i~ beoause o~ce the trailing edge of the sheet passes
the friction feed mechanism, the sheet will no longer be
driven. Thus, the last couple of inches of the sheet cannot
be moved thxough the printing region. There~ore, it is
necessary additionally to use som~ sort of auxiliary ~eed
mechanism which engages the leading edge of a sheet down-
~tream o~ the printing regio~ for pulling the tail end of
the form through the printing region. In standard type-
writers ~his is achieved by the use o~ an additional set of
friction rollers directly on the clriven platen downstream
from the prin~ing region. But, a~ will be explained below,
such an arrangem~nt cannot be used in the belt-type line
printer.
Secondly, the discrete sheet orms cannot be positively
guided all the way through the printing region for the
reasons set orth a~ove. This means that it will be neces-
sary that ~he sheet tra~ersa an un~uided or free path
portion through the printin~ region. Where the positiVe
guiding ceases, the leading edge o~ the paper will tend to
diverye from the platen generally ~angent thereto. This
iS~'77
~4~ 45-SL-01339
free path portion is arranged so that the sheet does not
contac~ the print ribbon, otherwise it will foul the ribbon
and cause jamming thereof, and/or create a paper jam and
smudges on the paper. Since the paper sheet leaves the
platen in t~e printing region, it must be picked up after it
clears the ribbon and be guided back to the platen.
It has been found that if upper pinch rollers directly
on the platen are used for this purposa and to provide the
exit drive ~or the sheet, the leading edge of the paper mu~t
be rapidly deflected back to the platen surface to engage
the pinch roller, thereby creating a bulge or hump in the
paper path between the printing re~ion and the upper pinch
rollers. Such a bulge is unaccep1:able because once the
` trailing end of a sheet passes th~ entry friction feed so
that it is no longer pushed, the pulling force exerted by
the exit riction drive would ~ir~;t ~ake up the slack in the
paper hu~p or bulge before continuing to move the paper
through the printing region. During this slack take-up
period, th~re~ore, line spacing in the prin~ing region would
be nonexi~tent or at best ~ery uneven7
5ummary~of the Invention
It is a general object of the present invention to
provide an improved web, such as paper, transpor~ means for
transporti~g a web available in various ~orms through an
information handling device, such as: a printer.
It is another object of this in~ention to provide a
~aper transport mechanism which will e~ect movement of cut
forms ~rom the printing region of the platen without the
formation of slack-producing bulges in the sheet downstream
o the prin~ing region.
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Still another objec~ of this in~ention is to provide
an improved paper transport mechanism of the type set forth
which is adapted ~or use in combination with a pinch roller
type of entry ~eed mechanism which feeds the paper sheet to
the printing region.
Yet another object o~ this invention is the provision
of a paper transport mechanism o~ the type set forth, which
is readily removably attachable to a line printer normally
adapted for feeding of continuous ~orms, without the removal
of or in~erference with the normal continuous form transport
mechanism.
It i~ another object of this invention to provide an
improved paper transport apparatus ~or use in a line printer
having a fric~iQn-type entry ~aed mechanism for ~eeding a
sheet of papex to the printing region, the apparatus being
disposed or driving engagement w:ith the leading edge of a
sheet leaving the printing region be~ore the ~railing edge
passes the entry drive mechani~m.
It is another object of this invention to provide an
improved printing machine for handling continuous form
paper and pape~ available as discrete sheets.
In connection with the foregoing objects, it is another
object of this inven~ion to pro~ide a paper transport mech-
anism of tha type set ~orth, which permits the use o~ a
friction drive apparatus along the exit path ~rom the
printi~g region while avoiding the formation o~ slack-
produciny bulges in the paper sheet.
These and other objects are attained by providing paper
guide ~pparatus for use with discrete sheets o$ paper in a
continuous belt-type printing machine including a rotatable
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1~L65~'7
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cylindrical platen, an inked ribbon disposed adjacent to the
platen at a printing region, entry drive means for moving
the sheets of paper in~o a printing path extending tangent
to the platen through the printing region and past the inked
ribbon spaced therefrom, and exit drive means spaced from
the platen ~or moving the sheets o~ paper from the printing
region; the paper guide apparatus comprising deflecting
means spaced ~rom the platen downs~ream of the printing
region and disposed for engaging the leading edge of the
associated sheet past the printing region, the deflecting
means being shaped and dimensioned ~or deflecting the
associated ~heet into an exit path extending along the
platen and thence in a straight line to the exit drive means
tangent to the platen and such that the leading edge of the
sheet engages the exit drive means when the sheet is in the
exit path, whereby the leading edge o~ the associated sheet
is held out o contact with the inked ribbon and is moved
around the platen without the formation of slack-producing
bulges in the sheet downstream of I:he printing region.
Further ~eatures of the invention pertain to the
particulæ axrangemen~ of the parts of the paper tranfiport
apparatus whereby the above-outline~ and additional oper-
ating ~eatures thereof are attained.
The invention, both as to its organization and method
of opera~ion, together with ~urther objects and advantages
thereof, will be~t be understood b~ reference to the ~ol-
lowing spe~ification taken in connection with the accompany-
ing drawings.
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-7- 45-SL-01339
Briee Oe ~ iptlor ~= the- Drawings
FIGURE 1 is a ~ragmentary top plan ~iew of the paper
transport apparatus constructed in accordance with and
embodying the features of ~he present invention, and
illustrated mounted in place on a belt-ty~e line printer;
FIGURE 2 is a reduced perspective view of the paper
transport apparatus of FIGURE l; and
FIGURE 3 is an enlarged ~ragmentary view in vertical
section taken along the line 3-3 in FIGURE 1.
Descri~tion of the Pre~erred Embodiment
Referring to FIGURES 1 through 3 of the drawings, there
is illustrated a portion of a belt-type line printing
machine, generally designated by the numeral 10. Such a
printing machine may be of the type sold by General Electric
Company under the trademark "TermiNet". ~he printing
machine 10 includeæ two laterally spaced-apart pulleys 11
and 12 respectively rotata~ly mounte!d on shafts 13 and 14
and supporking therebetween an~endle!ss belt 15 which carries
thereon a plurality of upstanding flexible printing fingers
16, each caxrying at the upper end thereo a print or type
character 17 facing outwardly of the belt 15. Mounted
within.the endless belt 15 adjacent to the front flight
thereof (~and aligned longitudinally thereof) is a plurality
of print hammers 18. Di~posed between the print hammers 18
and the printing fingers 16 and above the upper edge of the
endless belt 15 is an elongated rebound bar 19. There is
also provided an elongated.cylindrical platen 20 coupled to
associated.drive means (not sho~nl ~or rotation thereof in a
counterclockwise direction, as indicated by t~e ar~ows in
FIGURE 3. The platen 20 is arranged with the axis thereo~
. I ' :' :
,
.
.
iS~77
~~~ 45-SL~01339
disposed horizontally and has an outer surface 21 disposed
closely adjacent to th~ row o~ type characters 17 at a
printing region 22. Extending between the platen 2Q and the
row of type. characters 17 along the entire length thereof
in the prin~ing r~gion 22 is a length of print ribbon 25
which is disposed in a substantially vertical plane, and
which is fed from and retrieved by an associated cartridge
(not shown) for movement from right to left, as viewed in
FI~UR~ l. Preferably, the path of the print ribbon 25
through the printing region 22 i5 slightly inclined down-
wardly from right to left, as viewed in FIGURE 1, for more
efficient use o~ the space on the prin~ ribbon, in a well-
known manner.
In operation, the print hammers 18 are ~electively
pivoted in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed in FIGURE
3, by associated actuators (not shown~ against the urging of
bias means (not shown) for impacting selected ones of the
printing fingers 16 and driving the associated print char-
acters 17 against the print ribbon 25 and moving the ribbon
again~t an associated sheet of paper disposed along the
outer surface 21 of ~he platen 20 in the printing region 22.
After impact~ the prin~ hammer 18 will be returned to its
original position by its bias means, and the resilien~
printing finger 16 will spring back toward its original
position and engage the rebound bar 19, which serves to
cushion the return of the printing finger 16 and damp out
oscillations thexeof. The operation.o~ this type of
printing mechanism is ~escribed in greater detail in U.S.
Patent No. 3,803,558.
~ -- -- -- -- --
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Referring in particular to FIGURE 3 o~ the drawings,
the printing machine 10 includes an entry paper transport
assembly, generally designa~ed by the numeral 30, for moving
paper ~rom an associated source around the platen 20 and
`5 toward ~he printing region 22. The entry paper transport
assembly 30 includes an arcuate guide plate 31 which wraps
around the underside of the platen 20 coaxially therewith
and spaced a predetermined slight distance from the outer
surface 21 thereof. Preferably, the guide plate 31 extends
latexally ~;ubstantially the entire length of the platen 20,
the guide plate 31 bQing ~ixedly secured to the framework of
the machine 10 in a suitable manner.
Pixedly secured to the guide plate 31 and projecting
rearwardly thereform is a plurality of mounting brackets 32,
each supporting a pivot pin 33, o:n which are respectively
pivotally mounted a plurality of depending arms 34. Each of
the arms 34 carries thereon intermediate the ends thereof a
rotatably mounted pinch roller 35 which projects upwardly
through a complementary opening in the guide plate 31 for
~olling engagement with the outer surfaces 21 of the platen
20. Each o~ the arms 34 is provided with a depanding finger
36 which is secured to one end of an associated tension
spring 37, the other end of which is anchored to a tab 38
fixedly secured to and depending from the guide plate 31,
thereby re~iliently to urge the pinch roller 35 into engage-
ment with the platen 20.
The ~uide.plate 31 terminates at a forw~rd edge 39
which. is disposed adjacent to the printing region 22, but
spaced therefrom. There is also provided a flat planar
deflecting plate 40 which extends laterally substantially
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-10- 45-SL-01339
the entire length of the platen 20 and projects upwardly in
front thereof, the upper edge 41 of the deflecting plate 40
being dispo~ed in the printing region 22 immediately below
the level o the print oharacters 17 and resiliently urged
into tangent engagement with the outer sur~ace 21 of the
platen 20.
In operation, cut forms in the form of discrete sheets
of paper, generall~ designated by the numeral 45, are fed
from an as~ociated sheet feeding mechanism (not shown~ into
the printing machine 10 and downwardly along the rear side
of the platen 20. More specifically, ~he leading edge 46 of
a sheet is fed be~ween the outer sur~ace 21 of ~he platen 20
and the guide plate 31 and thence to the pinch rollers 35,
which cooperate with the driven platen 20 to pick up the
leading end of the sheet 45 and drive .it along the guide
plate 31 toward the printing region 22. As the leading edge
46 of the sheet 45 passes the forward edge 39 of the guide
plate 31! it will tend to continue along a path tangent to
the outer sur~ace 21 of the platen 20 at a point opposite
the forward edge 39 of the guide plate 31. After traveling
a short distance away from the platen 20 along this tangent
path, the leading edga 46 of the paper sheet 45 will engage
the de~lecting plate 40 and be deflected thereby back toward
the platen 20 and will be driven between the outer surface
21 o~ the platen 20 and the upper edge 41 of the deflecting
pla e 40 and will emerge t~erefrom in the printing region 22
along a printing path tangent to the platen 20 at the upper
edge 41 of the deflecting plate 40, this printing path being
designated by the numeral 48.
i5~
~ 45-SL-01339
The orientation of the de~lecting plate 40 and the
position of the upper edge 41 thereof are so arranged that
the printing path 48 clears the print ribbon 25. This
insures that the leading edge 46 o~ the sheet will not
engage the print ribbon 25, thereby preventing fouling
of the rib~on ox marring or jamming of the paper sheet 45~
It will, o cours~, also be appreciated that the uppér edge
41 of the deflecting plate 40 is spaced below the level of
the type chara~ters 17 so as to afford a window through
which the type characters 17 can impact the print ribbon 25
and the a~ociated sheet 45 without interference along the
entire length of the platen 20.
The foregoing st~ucture is found in existing belt-type
impact line printers, but such prior printers have been
de~igned solely for use with cont.inuous form paper, such as
computer paper and the like. Such continuous forms, shown
as 80, available from a source such as a box for fan-
fold paper located below or behind the printing machine, are
manually fed through the printing region 22 and the leading
edge o~ the ~orm is then engaged with a tractor assembly,
generally designated by the numer~l 50, dlsposed above and
behind the platen 20 downstream o~ the printing region ~2.
Spring loaded arm ~h~ when deflected clockwise moves deflector
40 clockwise away from the platen to facilitate paper
loading. In one Pmbodiment deflector 40 was made of spring
material and anchored for deflection about one end connected
to the machine body. More particularly, the tractor assembly
50 may include a horizontall~-extending drive shaft 51
generally rectan~ular in transverse cxoss section and
coupled adjacent to the opposite ends thereo~ respectively
~si5~Y~7
-12~- 45-SL-0133~
wi~h a left-hand tractor 52 and a right-hand tractor 53.
Also interconnecting the upper ends o~ the tractors 52 and
53 is a laterally-extending,tie rod 54, preferably circular
in transverse cross section.
In operation, the tractors 52 and 53 are ~ovable
laterally along the tie rod 54 and drive shaft 51 into
positions for respectively engaging the lef~ and right-hand
edges of the continuous form and driving the ~orm upward~y
away from the printing region 22. It will, there~ore be
appreciated that as soon as this tractor assembly 50 is
engaged with the continuous ~orm, it will pull it against
khe outer surface 21 of the platen 20 and this continuous
pulling mo~ement will prevent the formation o~ any bulges in
the paper, since once the form is ~anually threaded through
the machine, there æ e no further leading or trailing edges
to be concerned with.
But this mechanism has proven to be unsuitable for use
with automatically fed cut ~orms, since it provides no means
f~r picking up the leading edge of each discrete sheet as it
exits the printing region. M~re particularly, since the
sheets are discrete, and since they cannot be continuously
guided around the platen 20 because of the necessity of
providing ~he pxinting window along the entire length of the
platen 20, as descr,ibed above, of necessity the leading.edge
46 of each ~heet 45 must leave the outer surface 21 o~ the
platen 20 as it passes through the prin~ing region 22.
~ter l~aving the printing surface, it ~ust, t~ere~oxe, be
picked up and brought back to the surface 21.
In ~tandard typewriters, where the paper is continuous-
ly guided through the printing region, this pickup is
~L~l65~77
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effected by an additional pinch roller on top of the platen.
But ~his means i~ ineffecti~e in a belt-type printer, where
the leading edge 46 of the sheet 45 must leave the platen
along an unguided portion of the print path, since when the
leading edge of the sheet is deflected sharply back toward
the pinch roller, it creates a bulge in the paper which is
spaced rom the surface 21 o~ the platen 20 between the
printing region 22 and the upper pinch roller. This bulge
creates no problem as long as the entry pinch rollers 35 are
in engagement with th~ paper, since the leading and tra~ling
ends of the sheet will both b~ driven at the same rate by
the driven platen 20. But as soon as the txailing edge 47
of tha sheet 45 passes the pinch rollers 35, the sole driving
force will be imparted by the upper pinch rollers, which
will then serve to take up the slack in the bulge. During
this brief slack take-up period, t:he portion of the sheet in
the printing region will remain substantially stationary,
thereby destroying the line spacing.
In order to accommodate discr~ete sheets of paper instead
of continuous form paper in the arrangem~nt o~ FIGURE 2, there
is provi~ed an exit transport assembly 60. The tractors 52
ana 53 are moved laterally along the tie rod 54 beyond where they
normall~y engage the xight and left hand edges of the contin-
uous orm paper. The assembl~ 60 is inserted for converting
the continuous form printing mac~ine into ~ discr~te sheet
form printing machine. In the arrangement of FIGURES 1 and
2 ~here is mounted on the drive shaft 51 of the tractor
assembly 50 for ro~ation therewith, two laterally spaced-
apart friction rollers 55, preferably positioned inwardly of
the innermost position~ that the tractors 52 and 53 are
S~'7~
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likely to occupy in use with standard. continuous forms. The
friction rollers 55 600perate to form part ~f an exit trans-
port assembly, g~nerally designated ~y the numeral 60, which
includes a paix of laterally spaced-apart support arms 61
which are constructed substantially as ~irror images of each
oth~r, where~y only one will be described in detail. Each
arm 61 is provided at one end thereof with a slot 62 dimen-
sio~ed to receive ~herein the tie rod 54 of ~h~ tractor
assembly 50. The support arm 61 is provided adjacent to the
o~her end thereof with ~wo ~paced~apart dependin~ fingers 63
and 64, integral with the adjacent side edge of an elongated
flat planar de~lector or guide pla~e 65 which extends
between the support arm~ 61 and is carried thereby. The
guide plate 65 is provided at the forward edge thereof with
a downwardly inclined lip 66 and is provided adjacent to the
right-hand end thereof, as ~iewed in FIGU~E 1, with a
rectangular cutout portion 67.
The orwardmost finger 64 of each of the support arms
61 carries thereon a pivot pin 69, there being respectively
pivotally mounted on the pins 69 two elongated pivot arms
70, each of which is disposed above the guide plate 65 and
project~ upwardly rearwardly therealong. Respectively
mounted at ~he opposite ends of the guide plate 65 between
the fingers ~3 and 64 are two depending tabs 72 which extend
~ownwardly below the guide plate 65 away from the fingers 63
and 64. Each tab 72 carries th.ereon a pivot pin 73 on which
is rotata~ly mounted an adjustment roller 74. ~1 elongated
pressure roller 75 is rotatably mounted on a shaft 76 which
is carried by and extends between the rear ends of the pivot
arms 70 for pivotal movement therewi.th. The pivot arms 70
~lliL ~ r~ ~IIL 7 7
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thus cooperate to form a pivot carriage for the pressure
xoller 75.
In operation, the slots 62 of the support arms 61 are
slipped over the tie rod 54 of the tractor assembly 50, and
the forward end of the exit transport assembly 60 îs lowered
until the adjustment rollers 74 are brought into rolling
engagement with the outer surface 21 o~ the platen 20. The
diameter o ~he adjustment rollers 74 is carefully selected,
so that when they are in engagemen~ with the outer surface
21 of the pla~en 20, the pressure roller 75 will be in
rolling engagement with the fric~ion rollers 55, and the
guide plate 65 will be spaced a predetermined distance above
the platen 20, with the lip 66 thereof extending down over
the upper edge of the print ribbon 25, but out of contact
therewith. The cutout portion 67 on the guide plate 65 will
accommoda~e the elevated right end of the inclined print
ribbon 2S.
In operation, the drive shat 51 of the tractor
assembly 50 is coupled to the platen 20 and i9, therefore,
driven simultaneously therewith in a well-known manner.
Thus, the friction rollers 55 will cooperate with the
pres ure roller 75 ~o pro~ide a friction drive ~herebetween.
The dimension3 and positioning of the guide plate 65 are
such that the lip 66 thexeof intersects the printing path 48
of the paper sheet 45 for engagement with the leading edge
46 of the ~heet to deflect it reaxwardly and upwardly along
the guide plate 65, as indicated by the broken-line posi-
tions of the leading end of the sheet illustrated in PIGURE
3. As the sheet 45 continues to be driven by the pinch
rollers 35, the leading edge 46, because of the inherent
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stifness of form paper, will slide along ~he underside o~
the guide plate 65 which will guide it without bulging into
a straight-line exit path 78 which is tangen~ to the outer
surface 21 of the platen 20 at a point upstream of the
printing region 22.
The exit transport assembly 60 is so dimensioned and
positioned that the leading edge 46 of the sheet 45 will
enter between the friction rollers 55 and the pressure
roller 75 when the sheet 45 lies in the tangent exit path
78. Thus, it will be appreciated that the leading edge 46
of the shee~ 45 will be picked up by the friction rollers 55
and pressure roller 75 and frictionally driven thereby at a
point spaced well away ~rom the platen 20, and at a time
when the ~heet 4S i3 disposed in a path tangent to the
platen 20, 30 that the sheet 45 lies against the outer
surface of ~he platen 20 in the printing region 22 and there
ar~ no bulges therein. Thus, when the leading edge 46 of
the sheet 45 is picked up and driven by the exit transport
assembly 60, there is no slack to be taken up and there will
be no 1OSR of line spacing when the trailing edge 47 of the.
sheet 45 passe~ the pinch rollers 35. It will also be
apprecia~ed that the positioning of the friction rollers 55
is such tha~ the friction drive provided thereby will be
impar~ed to the sheet 45 before the ~railing edge 47 of the
sheet 45 passes ~he pinch rollers 35.
It i~ a significant feature of the present invention
that the exit transp~rt assembly 60 is readily removable
from the printing machine 10 and can be simply and easily
attached thereto without the necessity of removing any of
the s~andard ~ractor assembly 5Q used with continuous forms.
S~
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Thus, when it i9 desired to operate the printing machine 10
with cut ~orms, the tractors 52 ~nd 53 are simply moved
outwardly toward the adjacent sides of the machine, and the
exit transport assembly 60 is mounted in place by simply
inser~ing the slots 62 over the tie rod 54. Thus, the
p~inting machine 10 can easily be used with either con-
tinuous forms or cut forms by the use of a simply`mounted
attachment mechanism.
From the foregoing, it can be seen ~hat there has been
provided an improved paper transport apparatus for trans-
porting cu~ forms through a belt-type impact printer without
the formation o~ slack-producing bulges in the paper and
resultant impairment o~ line spacing.
There has also been provided an improved paper trans-
port mec~anism of the character described, which i9 simply
and easily mountable and detachable on a standard belt-type
printing machine without removal of the standard drive
apparatus normally used with continuous forms, whereby the
machine can be readily aonverted from continuous form to
cut-~orm operation by the addition of a simple attachment.
While there has been described what i9 at present
considered to be the pre~erred embodiment of the invention,
it will be understoo~ that various modifications may be
made therein, and it is intended to co~er in the appended
claims all such modifications ~s f~ll w~thin the true
spirit and scope o~ the invention.
