Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
"` ~ 1 69507
HIGH VOLTAGE IGNITION TRANSFORMER
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
High voltage ignition coils have been in use in various
types of applications for many years. Typically, a hlgh voltage
type transformer is fabricated by winding a primary winding on a
bobbin and winding a secondary winding on a portion of the same
bobbin. The winding forms or bobbins are then ~nterlinked by
n~agnetic members and the entire device is encased in a potting
material that insulates the various potentials. This type of
structure is expensive, heavy, and is erratic in its reliability
due to possible voids in the potting or insulating rnaterial that
is used to isolate the high voltage windings.
In recent years, a relatively new application for high
voltage ignition transormers has evolved. This application is
the use of a high voltage spark ignition type transformer as a
spark ignition source for fuel gas in fuel burners, such as gas
furnaces. The need for ignition sources in this type of an envi-
ronment has been dictated by an increase in cost of fuel, and by
legislation. The past practice in fuel ignition systems for fur-
naces has been to rely on a standing pilot flame that ismonitored by a thermocouple or similar safety device as the igni-
tion source for the main burner. This type of standing pilot
configuration is very reliable and inexpensive to construct, but
this structure utilizes fuel gas constantly. As such, the use of
gas is considered inappropriate due to the shortage of gas and
its accelerating cost. This pair of factors has lead to the leg-
islation of standing pilot configurations out of existence in
many states. To replace the standing pilot, a number of fuel
burner or furnace manufacturers have begun to rely on a spark ig-
nition system that provides an ignition spark at a pilot burnerto ignite the pilot burner. The pilot burner is then monitored
by a flame rod or other technique to ensure that the pilot flame
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exists. That pilot flame is then used to ignite a main burner.
This type of equipment must be reliable, it must be inexpensive,
and it must be small. The present state of the art utilizes a
high voltage ignition transformer, and these transformers have
been more expensive and less reliable than is desirable.
SUMMARY QF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to a new type of ig-
nition transformer that is suitable for generating the high volt-
age necessary for spark ignition of fuels such as natural gas in
a furnace. These types of ignition transformers typically oper-
ate with a relatively low voltage on their primary and with ap-
proxlmately a 15,000 volt output for generation of a spark at the
burner. The present invention utilizes a structure that is rela-
tively inexpensive, and which requires no potting for protection
15. of the high voltage windings from either the low voltage windin~s
or the other portions of the high voltage windings. The present
invention utilizes a primary winding that is placed on a solid
ferrite magnetic core that is inserted within a cavity of a wind-
ing bobbin for the high voltage windings of the transformer. The
high voltage windings are separated into a number of bays so that
a number of active winding sections can be provided that are
separated by empty bays that act as voltage spacers. This assem-
bly is inexpensive to build in that the primary winding can be
readily wound as a separate element and then simply inserted into
the cavity formed in the center of the secondary winding bobbin.
This entire arrangement can then be covered with a molded housing
that allows for the assembly of the pieces on an insulated mount-
ing surface, such as a printed wiring board. This assembly is
reliable, inexpensive, and does not entail potting of-the trans-
former to isolate the high voltage generated in the secondarywindings from either the initial windings of the secondary wind-
ings or from the primary windings of the transformer.
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6~507
In accordance with the present invention, there is
provided a high voltage ignition trans~ormer which is adapted to
be mounted upon an insulating surface, including: a core formed
of a magnetic material having a coi.l winding surface, a mounting
end, a confined end, and a recess with said :recess formed
generally coaxial with said coil winding surface between said
ends; a primary winding provided upon said winding surface with
said primary winding have two winding ends; a first winding end
projecting at said core mounting end, and a second winding end
placed in said recess to lead said primary winding from said core
confined end to said core mounting end to allow connection to
both ends of said primary winding at said core mounting end while
causing said second winding end to be spaced from said primary
winding; a bobbin formed of an insulating material having a
pluralit~ of bays in spaced relationship to one another; said
bobbin including a cavity within said bobbin with said bobbin
cavity having an open end and a closed end; said cavity receiving
and enclosing said core and said primary winding by said core
and said primary winding being placed in said cavity through
said open end of said bobbin; and a secondary winding for said
high voltage transformer being wound on said bobbin with said
secondary winding being placed in alternate bays of said bobbin
to insulate said alternate bays of said high voltage windings
from each other.
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1 ~ 69507
B~IEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 i5 an exploded view of the primary and second-
ary portions of the transformer;
Figures 2 and 3 are an end view and an elevation of an
alternate primary core;
Figure 4 is a cut away drawing of an assembled trans-
former;
Figure 5 is an end view of Figure 4 taken along lines
5-5;
Figure 6 is a partial elevation of the winding portion
of the secondary of the transformer;
Figure 7 is an elevation of the end of Figure 6;
Figure 8 is a further eleva~ion of the winding form of
the secondary winding, and;
Figure 9 is a section taken through Figure 8.
DESCRIPTIO~ OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
In Figure 1, an exploded view of the high voltage
transformer 10 is disclosed. In this exploded view, a core 11 is
formed of a magnetic material that has a coil winding surface 12
upon which a primary winding 13 is placed. The primary winding
13 has an initial end 14 that projects from a mounting end 15 of
the core 11. A second end of the winding 13 is disclosed at 16,
and it is placed in a recess or hole 20 that leads from the
mounting end 15 to a confined end 21 of the winding core 11. By
this means, the winding 13 can be placed on the core 11 so that
the end 16 is out of contact with the winding 13, but projects at
the mounting end 15 along with a first end 14. This provides
that both ends of the primary winding 13 are available for con-
nection in a manner that will be described.
The transformer 10 has a second portion disclosed at 25
that is wound on an insulating bobbin 26. The bobbin 26 is
molded of an insulating material and has a plurality of bays 27,
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28, 29, 30, and 31. The bays 27 through 31 are a plurality of
winding and spacing bays that are molded in a spaced relationship
from one another and are generally parallel to each other. The
bobbin 26 has molded in its center a cavity disclosed at 35 with
the cavity having a closed end 36 and an open end 37. The cavity
35 is designed to receive the core 11 with the winding 13 in
place. The fit of the core 11 with the winding 13 is such that
the core and winding can be readily placed in the cavity 35
during the assembly of the transformer means 10.
Mounted on the closed end 36 of the cavity 35 is a high
voltage terminal 40 that is rigidly fixed at 41 within the closed
end 36 of the bobbin 26. The terminal 40 has a pro~ection 42
that is connected to a lead or end 43 of a winding 44 that forms
part of the high voltage or secondary winding of the transformer
15~ means 10. The end 43 passes through a slot 45 in the bobbin 26
so that the end 43 communicates with a winding portion 44 that
forms one third of the high voltage or secondary winding for the
transformer 10. The winding portion 44 is placed in the bay 31.
Immediately adjacent the bay 31 is the bay 30 which is left free
of windings-except the lead 46 which passes through a slot 47
where the winding portion 44 is continued to the bay 29 and a
second winding portion 50 for the secondary of the transformer
10. The winding portion 50 is in the bay 29, and it in turn is
connected by a conductor 51 in the bay 28 to a slot 52 to the fi-
nal winding portion 53 of the secondary winding. The final por-
tion 53 is in bay 27 where a lead in conductor 54 is provided so
that continuity can be provided between the lead in wire 54 and
the conductor 43 so that it can be connected to the terminal 42.
- Each of the winding portions 53, 50, and 44 make up a continuous
secondary winding for the transformer 10 with the winding por-
tions separated into winding bays that provide electrical insula-
- tion for the individual winding portions.
5 (~ ~
It will be understood in Figure 1 that when the winding
form or core 11, with the primary winding 13 is inserted in the
cavity 35, that a magnetic coupling is provided between the pri-
mary winding 13 and the secondary winding of the transformer is
provided. A high voltage is generated between the terminal 40
and the lead in wire 54 when power is supplied to the primary
winding 13 between the conductors 14 and 16.
In Figure 1 the core 11 is disclosed as having an
opening or hole 20 that interconnects the mounting end 15 and the
confined end 21 of the core 11. In Figures 2 and 3 another core
configuration 11' is disclosed. The cross section in Figure 2
discloses that the recess 20 of Figure 1 is replaced by a recess
20' that passes from the mounting end 15 to the confined end 21.
In the configuration of core disclosed in Figures 2 and 3, the
second winding end 16 o~ the transEormer primary 13 would lay in
the recess 20' as opposed to being placed in a central hole 20 as
disclosed in Figure 1. The term "recess" has been used for both
the hole 20 and the recess 20'. The only requirement of the re-
cess in the cores 11 or 11' is that the second winding end 16 be
isolated below the surface of the primary winding 13 so as to
avoid any electrical shorting of the turns after the device has
been wound.
In Figures 4 and 5, a complete, assembled transformer
10 is disclosed with Figure 4 disclosing a cut away section of
the transformer 10 in an assembled relationship with a cover 60
that is placed over the transformer 10. The cover 60 has an
opening 61 that passes over the terminal 40. The cover 60
further has an enclosing end 62, along with a cylindrical wall 63
that encircles and encloses the transformer 10. The housing 10
further has two projections 64 and 65 that are shown adapted to
'oe mounted through an insulating surface 66. The insulating
surface typically would be a printed wiring board through which
0 7
the projections 64 and 65 have been placed and which are allowed
to e~pand due to the natural resilience of the molded plastic
housing 60 to lock the transformer 10 into the printed wiring
board 66. It should be noted that the use of the molded housing
60, and the projections 64 and 65 are strictly optional as the
transformer could be mounted on an insulating surface, such as a
printed wiring board 66, by connecting the transformer 10 in a
manner that will be described in connection with Figure 5.
In Figure 5 a bottom view of the entire device in Fig-
ure 4 is disclosed. In addition to the mounting technique previ-
ously describedt a group of terminals 70, 71, and 72 are
disclosed. The terminals 70, 71, and 72 are molded into the bob-
bin 26, or are attached to the bobbin 26 after it has been
molded, and act as terminals for the conductors 14, 16, and 54
15. which were disclosed in Figure 1. The conductors 14, 16, and 54
are brought out to the terminals 70, 71, and 72 and wrapped into
electrical contact with the terminals. The terminals then proj-
ect, as can be seen in Figure 4, through the printed wiring board
66. These terminals allow for the soldering of the terminals 70,
71, and 72 to a circuit on the printed wiring board 66 or to any
other convenient electrical circuit. The connection of the lead
out wires 14, 16, and 54 to the terminals 70, 71, and 72 also
lock the core 11 into the cavity 35 of the molded bobbin 26 to
hold the transformer in an assembled relationship. This
assembled relationship is reinforced and protected by the use of
the molded plastic housing 60. The molded plastic housing 60 is
an optional item, and it does aid in the assembIy and maintenance
of the transformer into an assembled unit, if desired.
In Figures 6 through 9 additional details of the wind-
ing structyre of the transformer secondary winding or high volt-
age winding is disclosed. The numbers in Figures 6 through ~
- correspond with the numbers used in Figures 1 through 5. Only a
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brief mention of this structure will be provided as it is
believed that the drawings are generally self-explanatory. In
Figures 6 through 9 partial views of the molded bobbin 26 and the
secondary winding of the transformer lO are dlsclosed. The views
at Figure 6 through 9 disclose how the winding progresses from
the terminal 72 in the bobbin 26 through a sl~t 5S to the ~irst
bay 27 where the winding portion 53 is provided. The lead or
wire 54 is disclosed as passing through the bay 28 which is left
unused as a means of insulating the winding portion S3 from the
winding portion ~0 in bay 29. This procedure again follows
wherein the bay 30 is left open and the winding portion 44 in the
bay 31 is disclosed.
In Figure 8 the opposite side of the bobbin 26 is
disclosed and again the winding bays 27 through 31 are noted.
The slots 52, 47, and 45 are disclosed to show the path of the
secondary winding on the bobbin 26. The winding terminates in
conductor 43 that is connected to the terminal 42 ~of Figure l).
Figure 7 discloses a cut away portion of the first
winding bay 27 and its interrelationship to the slot 55 and the
terminal 72 showing how the lead 54 connects to the terminal 72
and then is lead into the first winding bay 27 where the first
winding portion 53 is wound on a bobbin 26. In Figure 9 a sec-
tion taken along line 9-9 of Figure 8 shows the progression of
the secondary winding in the winding bays of the bobbin 26.
The present invention allows for the fabrication of an
inexpensive, high voltage type of transformer that can be used
for spark ignition and other purposes and which is susceptible of
being mounted on any type of an insulating surface. The trans-
former can be formed of just the core and bobbin along with their
appropriate windings, or can be further modified by the addition
of the housing 60 to protect the unit and aid its mounting.
Also, the core configuration or the winding of the primary wind-
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ing for the transformer 10 can be varied according to the abovedescription, and by other techniques that would be obvious to
those skilled in the art. For these reasons, the total concept
of the present spark ignition type of high voltage transformer,
and the scope of the present invention is defined solely by the
scope of the appended claims.
15.
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