Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
The present invention relates to apparatus for
forming pulsating jets of a liquid, and in particular of
water, and which are known as pulse hydraulic monitors.
The invention may be used for hydraulic breaking in
mining, in hydraulic engineering, and power engineering.
There is known a pulse hydraulic monitor
(USSR Author's Certificate No. 800,354) comprising at
least two barrels for directing a pulsating jet, a valve
means for dividing a flow of liquid, having an inlet for
a hydraulic liquid supplied from a pressure source and
at least two outlets for delivering the hydraulic liquid
into the corresponding barrels, and a pulse-forming
means. The pulse-forming means includes a through
hollow enclosure hydraulically connected with the
barrels, a separating element disposed within the same
enclosure and movable between two end positions relative
said barrels to assume one of these two end positions
wherein a pulse is formed at a moment when the pressure
of the hydraulic liquid flowing in the corresponding
barrel as a result of chanying-over of said valve means
for dividing the flow of liquid, assumes a predetermined
value, and at least two limit stops to stop the travel
of the separating member at its end position for forming
a pulse, each limit stop functionally associated with
the corresponding barrel.
The prior art hydraulic monitor works on the
conversion of the stationary flow of liquid into a
pulsating one and subsequently accelerating the liquid
with the aid of the pulse-forming means and retarding it
before the nozzle, due to which a high-pressure impulse
is superimposed onto the pulsating flow.
The hydraulic liquid pressure in the barrels
of the prior art apparatus does not exceed that of the
supplied liquid and remains constant for the whole pulse
duration. Hence, throughout the pulse period the dura-
tion of which is about 0.1 second, the liquid discharge
from each barrel is uniform. The liquid pressure during
the pulse period can be raised by increasing the ampli-
tude of its pulse.
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-- 2 --
However, in the prior art apparatus the
amplitude of the elevated pressure pulse cannot be
raised, since the changing-over of the pulse-forming
means in response to which the flow-dividing valve
diverts the liquid flow to the other barrel, takes place
before the liquid pressure in the barrel reaches the
desired value.
In this case the efficiency of breaking a
burden or any other target can be raised by increasing
the pressure in the pressure source, which is not expe-
dient, for such increase in the pressure of the pressure
source would cause additional consumption of energy and
raise the price of production equipment.
The primary object of the present invention
consists in the provision of a pulse hydraulic monitor
wherein the operation of the pulse-forming means takes
place at tne moment when the pressure in the barrel of
the hydraulic monitor assumes a desired value.
Another object of the invention is to provide
a pulse hydraulic monitor wherein the operation of the
pulse-forming means is delayed, said delay being effect-
ed before the pressure in one of the barrels assumes a
desired value.
Still another object of the invention is to
provide a hydraulic monitor wherein a high pressure
amplitude in the pulse is maintained within the desired
range.
A further object of the invention is to
provide a hydraulic monitor providing a higher efficiency
in mineral winning or rock breaking, and also improving
a hydraulic transportation of broken burden.
These and other objects of the invention are
attained in a pulse-hydraulic monitor, whe-,^ein the pulse
forming means is provided with means for retarding the
motion of the separating member, arranged within the enclo-
sure of the pulse-forming means so that said means is
subjected to a constant force applied from one side and
interacts with the separating member on the other side
-- 3 --
in response to the action of the constant force applied
from one said side and an increasing force produced as
a result of the increase in the pressure of the hydraulic
liquid flowing in the corresponding barrel, from the
other side.
Such construction of the proposed hydraulic
monitor provides producing a high pressure amplitude in
a desired range throughout the pulse duration, which
improves the efficiency in hydraulic breaking, for
instance, a coal block. In addition, such construction
is relatively simple, and hence more reliable.
The invention may be variously embodied. For
example, the means for retarding the motion of the sepa-
rating member may be made in the form of a compression
spring, or of an elastic element using the energy of
compressed gas, or of a duct through which a hydraulic
liquid is passed under a predetermined pressure. The
pulse-forming means may have various modifications
depending on the construction of the means for retarding
the motion of the separating member, which modifications
will be disclosed in the detailed description of the
invention given below.
Fig. 1 is a general view of a pulse hydraulic
monitor of the invention;
Fig. 2 is a top view of the hydraulic monitor
in Fig. l;
Fig. 3 schematically represents the proposed
hydraulic monitor, wherein main assemblies are shown in
section;
Fig. ~ illustrates one embodiment of the
invention, wherein the pulse-forming means is shown in
section,
Fig. 5 is an axial section of the pulse-form-
ng means made according to another modification of the
nventlon;
Fig. 6 is an axial section of the pulse-
forming means made according to still another modifica-
tion of the invention;
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Fig. 7 shows a yet another modification of
the proposed apparatus,
Fig. 8 shows a further modification of the
proposed apparatus;
Fig. 9 illustrates one embodiment of the
invention, wherein the means for retarding the motion
of the separating member is made in the form of a
spring;
Fig. 10 illustrates an embodiment of the
invention, wherein the means for retarding the motion
of the separating member is made in the form of an
elastic element movable under the action of a compress-
ed gas;
Fig. 11 illustrates an embodiment of the
invention, wherein the means for retarding the motion
of the separating member is made substantially as that
in Fig. 10.
The invention will now be explained with
reference to embodiments thereof represented in the
accompanying drawings.
A pulse hydraulic monitor (Figs. 1, 2 and 3)
comprises a power-driven mounting 1 on which are mounted
valve means 2 for dividing the flow of liquid, a hydro-
pneumatic accumulator 3, pipe-lines 4 and 5, and pulse-
forming means 6 and 7 provided with means for retarding
the motion of a separating member in the form of pipe-
lines 8 and 9. The liquid flow dividing valve means 2
comprises a body 10 having seats 11 and 12, an inter-
seat space 13 communicating through the inner cavities
of the hydropneumatic accumulator 3 with a delivery
pipe-line 14, and within the cavities 15 and 16 located
behind the seats are disposed pistons 18 and lg rigidly
connected to one another through a rod 17. Further,
the cavities 15 and 16 are connected with barrels 20
and 21 provided with nozzles of the same diameter
through the pipe-lines 4 and 5, and hinges 22 and 23.
Piston ends 24 and 25 communicate with the pipe~lines 4
and 5 and hence with the barrels 20 and 21 through by-
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pass pipes 26 and 27 having a hydraulic resistance
higher than that of the nozzles. The piston ends 24
and 25 are separated from the cavities 28 and 29 with an
elastic element (compressed gas) by separating membranes
30 and 3I whose travel is limited from both sides by
gratings 32, 33, and 34, 35 respectively. One of the
piston ends, for instance the piston end 25, communi-
cates with the atmosphere through a control valve 36.
Mounted on the pipe-lines 4 and 5 close to the barrels
20 and 21 having nozzles of the same diameter are pulse-
forming means 6 and 7 having separating members in the
form of at least two piston-and-rod assemblies including
pistons 37, 38 and rods 39 and 40 respectively, which
piston-and-rod assemblies are disposed within enclosure
members 41 and 42 which are divided by partition walls
43 and 44 into two chambers 45, 46, and 47, 48 respec-
tively. The chambers 45 and 46 communicate through the
pipe-lines 8 and 9 with the supply pipe-line 14, and the
chambers 47 and 48 communicate through ports 49 and 50
with the pipe-lines 5 and 4. The piston areas of the
pistons 37 and 38 having rods 39 and 40 respectively are
selected so as to provide in the pipe-lines while their
travel to initial position, a pressure, for instance, of
about 2.0 MPa.
In addition, in the piston end of each enclo-
sure member 41 and 42 and adjacent the corresponding
barrel are mounted limit stops 43a and 44a for limiting
the travel of the pistons 37 and 38 respectively, in the
direction of the corresponding barrel 21 and 20~
The proposed apparatus operates in the follow-
ing manner. When the control valve 36 is open, and the
pistons 18 and 19 with the rods 17 are in the end right
position, the hydraulic liquid from the delivery pipe-
line 14, passing through the inner space of the hydro-
pneumatic accumulator 3, fills the inter-seat space 13
of the enclosure 10 of the flow-dividing valve 2, passes
through the gap between the piston 19 and the seat 11,
then into the cavity 15 and wherefrom into the pipe-line
1~747~)0
-- 6 --
5, hinges 23, and the barrel 21 with a nozzle, and then
through said nozzle into the atmosphere. At the same
time the hydraulic liquid passing from the pipe-line 5
through the by-pass pipe 27 fills the piston end 25 of
the piston 19, but since the control valve 36 is open
the pressure in this piston end is near the atmospheric
pressure. The pressure in the piston end 24 is also
near the atmospheric pressure as this cavity through
~' the by-pass pipe 26 and the barrel 20 also communicates
with the atmosphere. As a result, the separating
membranes 30 and 31 of the cavities 28 and 29 with
elastic elements are urged by the gas pressure against
; the gratings 32 and 33. The piston 37 with the rod 39
of the pulse-forming means 7 is in its right end posi-
tion at the partition wall 43 of the enclosure member
41, the chamber 47 filled with the liquid from the pipe-
line 5. The piston 38 with the rod 40 of the pulse-
forming means 6 under the action of the pressure of the
liquid supplied from the delivery pipe-line 14 through
the pipe-line 8 to the chamber 46, is also in the right
end position close to the port 50 of the pipe-line 4,
the chamber 47 being not filled with the liquid.
An autooscillation mode of operation of the
proposed apparatus is started by closing the control
valve 36. In this case the liquid pressure in the
piston end 25 of the piston 19 is smoothly increasing
until the separating membrane 31 being forced by the
liquid pressure from the grating 33, reaches the grating
35, whereafter said pressure in the piston end 25
instantaneously increases to the supplied pressure, that
is to a pressure which is equal to the pressure in the
pipe-line 5. As a result, a force is produced which
force causes the pistons 18 and 19 with the rod 17 to
move from the right end position to the left end posi-
tion, in which case the hydraulic liquid is caused to
flow from the inter-seat space 13 of the flow-dividing
valve means 2 not to the barrel 21 through the pipe-line
5 but to the barrel 20 through the pipe-line 4. The
-- 7 --
main flow of the hydraulic liquid passing through the
gap between the piston 18 and the seat 12 flows into
the cavity 16 behind the seat 12, the pipe-line 4, the
hinge 22, the barrel 20, and then outflows through the
nozzle into the atmosphere. At the same time the liquid
from the pipe-line 4 passes through the port 50 into the
chamber 48 to fill the same and move the piston 38 with
the rod 40 from the right end position from the port 50
up to the stop at the partition wall 44 of the pulse-
forming means 6. While the piston 38 with the rod 40 is
moving from its right end position to its left end
position the 'iquid is forced from the chamber 46
through the pipe-line 8 into the supply pipe-line 14~
In this case the hydraulic resistance of the system is
determined by the hydraulic resistance of the nozzle of
the barrel 20 and the port 50 until the piston 38 with
the rod 40 abuts the partition wall 44 of the enclosure
member 42. The period of time which is necessary for
the liquid to fill the chamber 48 of the pulse-forming
means 6 depends on the volume thereof, the hydraulic
resistance of the port 50, and also on the initial
pressure in the pipe-line 4, which pressure is equal to
the pressure difference sufficient to cause the piston
38 with the rod 40 to travel from one end position to
the other one.
A transition process taking place in the
system during operation is characterized by propagation
of the pressure shock waves between the pulse-forming
means 6 and the hydropneumatic accumulator 3 and by the
acceleration of the liquid in the left flow passage part
of the pulse hydraulic monitor. The increase in the
liquid flow speed will take place as long as the piston
38 with the rod 40 is moving in the chambers 48 and 46.
As soon as the piston 38 with the rod 40 reaches the
left end position, i.e~ stops at the partition 44 of the
enclosure member 42, the motion of the hydraulic liquid
which has been accelerated in the right flow passage
part of the monitor is now decelerated before the nozzle
-- 8 --
of the barrel 20 so as to produce a hydraulic impact.
The pressure in the pipe-line 4 and the barrel 20
sharply increases. A high pressure wave propagates
from the nozzle of the barrel 20 along the pipe-line 4
to the cavity 16 behind the seat, the gap between the
seat 12 and the piston 18, the inter-seat space 13 to
the hydropneumatlc accumulator 3 mounted on the supply
pipe-line 14, which high-pressure wave reflects from the
hydropneumatic accumulator 3 in the form of a pressure
10 wave, wherein the pressure is near the pressure in the
pipe-line 14. While the impact wave is travelling to
the hydropneumatic accumulator and back, the liquid
pressure in the piston end 24 of the piston 18, which
piston end is filled with the liquid through the pipe 26
from the pipe-line 4 is first smoothly increasing until
the separating membrane 30, being forced by the liquid
pressure from the grating 32, reaches the grating 34
whereafter the increase in its pressure proceeds sharply
to reach the value of the pressure in the pipe-line 4.
20 At the same time the fluid from the pis~on end 25 is
passed through the by-pass pipe 27 into the pipe-line 5.
In this case the pressure in the piston end 25 is first
maintained equal to the pressure in the pipe-line 5 when
the piston 37 with the rod 39 is caused by the pressure
to move from the side of the chamber 45 connected with
the supply pipe-line 14 through the pipe-line 9, from
the partition wall 43 of the enclosure member 41 to the
port 49 and then, as a result of outflowing of the
liquid from the pipe-line 5, through the nozzle of the
30 barrel 21~ into the atmosphere, smoothly decreases until
the separating membrane 31, being forced frorn the grat-
ing 35, reaches the grating 33. At this moment the
process in the pipe-line 5 is attenuated and the pres-
sure therein becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure.
The pressure in the cavity 25 also decreases to the
atmospheric one but in a step-wise manner. The pressure
before the nozzle of the barrel 20 first rapidly
increases to surpass the pressure in the supply pipe-
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g
line and then gradually assumes the value of the latter.The pressures redistributed, the pistons 18 and 19 with
the rod 17 in the piston ends begin to move from the
left end position to the right end position.
As the process repeats the system starts
operating in the autooscillation mode.
Operation in the autooscillation mode is
ceased by opening the control valve 3~, in which case
the pressure in the piston end 25 is maintained near the
atmospheric pressure and the pistons 18 and 19 with the
rod 17 of the flow~dividing valve means 2 are in the
right end position.
Thus, the construction of the means, for
retarding the motion of the separating member, in the
form of pipes simplifies the construction of a pulse
hydraulic monitor and improves the reliability thereof.
This provides an equal amplitude of high pressure in a
pulse in autooscillation mode of operation~ Thus, if
the volume of the enclosure of the pulse-forming means
is 2 liters, the diameter of the pipe-lines is 60 mm and
the length thereof is 5 m, and the pressure of the sup-
plied liquid is 10 MPa there can be produced an ampli-
tude of an elevated pressure of 25 MPa at a frequency of
5 Hz. Furthermore, the outflow of the liquid from the
pipe-lines through the nozzle of the barrels into the
atmosphere, while the piston-and-rod assemblies are
moving back to their initial position, can proceed under
the pressure of 2.0 MPa. This is achieved by selecting
appropriate relations between the piston and the rod,
for instance 1:5, that is the area of the rod is 5 times
less than that of the piston, which relation together
with the pressure of the supplied liquid of 10 MPa
produces in the pipe-lines a pressure which is 5 times
less, i.e. 2.0 MPa. Under such pressure the liquid
flows from the nozzle of the barrels at a rate of 3
cu m per hr, which is used to improve the hydraulic
transportation of broken burden.
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In one embodiment of the invention the means
for retarding the motion of the separating member (Fig.
4) is composed of two compression springs 51, 52 mounted
within the enclosure member of the pulse-forming means
6. The enclosure is made in the form of two cylinders
41 and 42 having central openings, each cylinder being
mounted on the corresponding baYrel 20, 21. The sepa-
rating member is made in the form of two rods 39, 40
each being provided with a piston 37, 38 respectively
and mounted in the corresponding cylinder 41, 42. The
piston end of each cylinder 41, 42 is hydraulically
connected with the corresponding barrel 20, 21, and
within the rod end of the cylinder there is provided a
limit stop for terminating the motion of the piston at
its end position for forming a pulse, made in the form
of a shoulder 53, 54 on the inner surface of the cylinder.
Each compression spring 51, 52 is fitted on
the corresponding rod 39, 40 so that one end of said
spring abuts against the piston and the other end thereof
abuts against the rod end portion of the cylinder.
Further, in each cylinder 41 and 42, adjacent
the barrels are provided limit stops 53a and 54a for
limiting the travel of the pistons 37 and 38 in the
direction of the corresponding barrel.
In another embodiment of the invention (Fig. 5)
the limit stop is made in the form of a stationary
partition wall 55, having a central opening through which
the rod 56 of the separating member is extending. The
separating member is composed of two cylinders 57, 58
disposed in spaced relationship on opposite sides from
the partition wall 55 and rigidly fitted on the rod 56
over the whole length of which between the pistons 57,
58 is provided an external thread, and in the partition
wall 55 is cut a through internal thread.
~ le thread on the rod 56 and the mating thread
in the central opening of the partition wall 55 serve to
slow down the speed of motion of the separating member.
79~7~(J
A port 59 is provided in both pistons 57, 58
of the separating member and in the partition wall 55,
which port 59 has a sectional area in such relation to
the full sectional area of each piston 57, 58 or of the
partition wall 55 that a force acting on the piston and
varying depending on the variation in the pressure of
the hydraulic liquid in the corresponding barrel 20, 21,
exceeds the frictional force in the threaded portions
of the rod 56 and the parti-tion wall 55 so as to cause
the piston to move at a predetexmined speed to the posi-
tion for forming a pulse.
The threaded connection between the rod 56
and the partition wall 55 is selected to provide rota-
tion of the pistons 57, 58 and their ports 59 relative
the ports in the partition wall 55 so that the liquid
flow is cut off by the piston and the partition wall 55.
According to still another embodiment of the
invention ~Fig. 6) the separating member is made in the
form of a piston 60 having on each its butt-end an
annular blind groove 61, and a blind central threaded
hole into which is screwed a disc 62 for varying the
depth of the threaded hole, and thus varying the cavity
of the pulse-forming means from the side of the corres-
ponding barrel 20, 21.
Mounted within the enclosure member of the
pulse-forming means are two stops for limiting the
travel of the piston 60, each stop being made in the
form of a ring 63 or a disc having a central opening for
the water to pass into the enclosure of the pulse-form-
ing means, and which is rigidly secured adjacent thecorresponding barrel 20, 21. In the enclosure member of the pulse-forming
means there is also provided a means for retarding the
motion of the piston 60, made in the form of two cylin-
drical compression springs 51, 52, each having its one
end fitted in the blind annular groove 61 and its other
end pushing against the ring 63 or the disc having a
- central opening.
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- 12
~ _
According to yet another embodiment of the
invention represented in Fig. 7 the pulse-forming means
includes two means for slowing down the speed of motion
of the separating member, each said device being made in
the form of a fairing 64 arranged within the enclosure
member 65, adjacent the corresponding barrel 20, 21.
The separating member is made in the form of
a piston 60 with two rods 66, 67 provided with a through
axial duct for hydraulically communicating the barrels
20, 21 with one another, and bearing end faces for
alternately providing a fluid-tight contact with the
corresponding deflector 64 when the piston 60 is travel-
ling between two end positions.
Within the enclosure member of the pulse-
forming means on opposite sides from the piston 60 there
are arranged partition walls 68, 69 provided with
central openings through which openings the correspond-
ing rods 66, 67 of the piston 60 are extending in fluid-
tight relationship.
Each partition wall 68, 69 forms together with
the piston 60 an annular chamber 70 communicating
through the opening 71 in the enclosure 65 of the pulse-
forming means with the corresponding barrel 20, 21.
The means for retarding the motion of the
separating member is composed of two annular tubes 72
made for instance from a rubber pipe, filled with a gas,
for instance, nitrogen, and each said tube 72 is placed
into the corresponding cham~er 70 about the correspond-
ing rod 66, 67 of the piston 60 between the piston and
the partition walls 68, 69.
According to the further embodiment of the
invention, the flow-dividing valve means 2 incorporated
in a hydraulic monitor (see Fig. 8) is made in the form
of two shaped flanges connected from the outside with
the aid of a quick-to-remove lock 73. Each flange has
a stepped annular chamber wherein is arranged a grating
7~. Mounted between the end faces of the flanges is a
membrane 75.
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Each said flange has a central opening through
which the chambers formed by said flanges communicate
with the supply pipe-lines 76, 77. In this case the
membrane 75 is mounted so as to close one of the central
openings.
The chambers of the flanges are further
provided with conical openings 78, 79 through which said
chambers communicate with the pipe-lines 80, 81 respec-
tively and also with the hinges 82, 83 respectively.
On the ends of the supply pipe-lines 76, 77
are mounted cylindrical enclosure members 84, 85 of the
pulse-forming means. In each said enclosure 84, 85 is
mounted a hollow rod 20, 21 having an extension on one
end and an annular separating member 86, 87. The return
spring 51, 52 is mounted on the rod in the enclosure
member of each pulse-forming means.
In addition, each enclosure member 84, 85 of
the pulse-forming means on the side of the separating
member 86, 87 communicates with the delivery pipe-line
76, 77 from the flow-dividing valve means 2, and on the
side of the rod 20, 21 is hydraulically connected
through pipes 88, 89 with the delivery pipe-lines 76, 77
of the other of at least two enclosure members 84, 85 of
the pulse-forming means.
A modification is also possible tsee Fig. 9),
wherein the means for retarding the motion of the
separating member of the pulse-forming means is a cylin-
drical compression spring 51, 52 disposed between the
separating member and the limit stop for terminating the
motion of said separating member at its end position for
forming a pulse.
In this case the enclosure member of the pulse-
forming means is composed of two cylinders 41, 42, each
provided with a bell-mouth 90, 91, respectively, facing
each other. Gripped between the bell-mouths 90, 91 is a
membrane 92 serving as a separating member. On opposite
sides from the membrane 92 in the cylindrical portions
of the enclosure member close to each barrel 20, 21 are
Jf~3V
mounted limit stops of the membrane 92, made in the form
of gratings 93, g4, each said grating having in its
central portion a seat 95 whose bottom portion protrudes
in the direction of the corresponding barrel 20, 21 so
as to 'prevent one of the ends of the spring 51, 52 from
radial displacement.
A modification is also possible (Fig. 10),
wherein the means for retarding the motion of the sepa-
rating member includes a portion 65a of the enclosure
member 65 of the pulse-forming means, wherein close to
the corresponding barrel 20, 21 are arranged limit
gratings. The separating member is made in the form of
two membranes 99, 100 each being located close to the
limit gratings 101, 102, and together with the portion
65a of the enclosure member 65 of the pulse-forming
means form a chamber filled with a compressed gas, for
instance nitrogen. The limit stops of the membranes
99, 100 for terminating the motion thereof at their end
position for forming a pulse are made in the form of two
gratings 103, 104 each being disposed within the chamber
close to each membrane 99, 100.
Each limit grating 101, 102 and the limit stop
are so disposed relative the membrane 99, 100 that they
provide a predetermined travel of each membrane between
two end positions.
The means for retarding the motion of the
separating member (Fig. 11) may include two chambers 105,
106 made each in the form of a sleeve closed by the
membrane confined by the external grating 107, 108 and
the internal grating 109, 110.
Each sleeve is filled with a compressed gas,
for instance, nitrogen, due to which the membranes 99,
100 are normally urged against the external gratings 107,
108.
The sleeves are mounted coaxially on the butt-
ends of the enclosure member 65 of the pulse-forming
means so that the membranes 99, 100 face inwardly of
this enclosure 65.
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- 15 -
The limit stop for terminating the motion of
the separating member at its end position for forming a
pulse includes two partition walls 111, 112 arranged in
the middle portion of the enclosure 65 of the pulse-
forming means with a space provided between them so that
they together with the enclosure rnember 65 form a
central chamber 113 and in the wall portion of the
enclosure member, defining said central chamber, there
is provided an outlet opening (not shown).
Each partition wall 111, 112 has a central
opening.
The separating member is made in the form of
two pistons 57, 58 disposed externally of the partition
wal's 111, 112, and connected with each other by the rod
56 extending with a gap through the openings in the
partition walls 111, 112.
The cavity of the enclosure member 65 of the
pulse-forming means close to each butt-end of said
enclosure member 65 is hydraulically connected with the
corresponding barrels 20, 21 through corresponding by-
pass ducts 114, 115.
According to another modification of the
proposed apparatus (Fig. 11) on the enclosure member 65
of the pulse-forming means is mounted a third barrel 116
communicating with the central chamber 113 of the
enclosure member 65 of the pulse-forming means through
the outlet opening.
In this case the cavity of the enclosure
member 65 of the pulse-forming means, disposed close to
and externally of the partition walls 111, 112 are
hydraulically connected with the corresponding barrel
20, 21 through the pipe-lines 117, 118.
As may be seen from the above description and
is shown in Figs~ 4, 6, 8 and 9 the means for retarding
the motion of the separating member for instance, a
piston or a membrane is made in the form of a compres-
sion spring which works like the water under pressure
which is substantially equal to the pressure produced
S30
by the pressure source in the pipe-lines 8 and 9 (Figs.
2 and 3). It will be clear to those skilled in the art
that in the other embodiments of the invetion, wherein
the means for retarding the motion of the separating
member is made in the form of a thread (Fig. 5), an
elastic tube filled with a compressed gas (Fig. 7), or
an elastic assembly in the form of a sleeve closed by a
membrane and filled with a compressed gas (Figs. 10 and
ll), the proposed apparatus operates in a similar manner
as an apparatus of the invention shown in Figs. 1-3.
Furthermore, each modification of the pulse-forming
means partially depends on the construction of the means
for retarding the motion of the separating member,
although other modifications may be made in the inven-
tion without departing from the spirit and scope of the
appended claims.
