Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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2 DRILL WITH BALANCED INSERTS
4 BACKGROUND O~ THE INVENTION
The ordinary twist drill and -the ordinary spade drill
6 has two cutting edges disposed generally radial o one another
7 and connected by a web. This web is necessary in order to
8 grind and sharpen the cutting edges of the drill.
9 The ordinary twist drill and the ordinary spade drill
will drill a hole in a stack or layer of plates two or more,
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11 however, the web does cause resistance to drilling because at
12 the web area no cutting can occur because there is no cutting
13 edges at the center line.
14 The newer metal cutting drills or hole mills which
are designed to use each manufacturer's special design inserts
56 will not drill drill a hole in a stack or layer of plates two
or more because they do not cut thru center on center. This
8 design of drill develops a disc or chinese hat where the drill
exits the first part layer, this disc or chinese hat then
29 ¦ revolves with the drill making it impossible to cut this disc
! or chinese hat into chips so that they may exit the cut. With
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I the advancement of the drill feed and with rotation of the
22 I drill the only thing that can happen is for the drill to fail.
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GENERAL STATEMENT OE~ TI~E INVENTION
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Applicant has discovered that by referencing the I
cutting edges of a drill to a central reference plane with the
~I cutting edges of the drill in planes that are substantially on '
28 ~ the reference plane (manufacturing -tolerances will not permit
29 ~ the cutting edges to be exactly on the reference plane) and by
33o ¦ curving the ends of the cutting edges adjacent the axial center
of the drill, the drill will drill a hole through a stack, or
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2 layers of plates. Moreover, the overall efficiency of the
drill is improved by applicant's arrangement of cu-t-ting edges.
RE~ERENC~ TO PRIOR ART
6 ¦ Applicant is fami]iar with -the eollowing patents,
7 none of which disclose a drill having cutting edges
~ substantially on or o~fset a very small aMount :Erom a central
9 of rotation of the drill and having inner ends curved about a
very small radius adjacent the center of rotation in the manner
11 ¦ that applicant arranges his cutting edges. By the arrangement
I of cutting surfaces herein, applicant is able to drill holes
12 ¦ through layered parts or stacked plates and the efficiency o~
13 the drill is improvedO
15~ U.S. Patent 4,565,471, and those referred to in that I
l Patent, provide several embodiments of a drill wherein the main
16 cutting edges terminate in spaced relation to the axis of
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18 ! rotation o~ the drill so that a cylindrical core is created at ¦
19 j the center of the hole. This core is occasionally twisted off
b~ the rotating drill bit. This twisted off piece presents a
21 ¦ source of trouble when drilling hard material. Applicant
I provides two straight cutting edgés that are disposed
22 I substantially in the axis of rotation of the drill an~
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24 I terminates adjacent the center in curved parts to get to the
shaped part. These curved ends continually cut at the center ,
of the hole and leave no material to be twisted off. Moreover, i
Il applicant provides chip breaker grooves in his cutting inserts
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I which help reduce clip size and facilitate chip removal.
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29 I OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
80 ¦1 It is an objec-t of the invention to provide an
~ improved drill.
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2 Another object of the invention is to provide a drill
3 that has cutting edges that cut substantially at the axis of
4 rotation of the drill.
Another object of the invention is to provide a drill
6 having cutting edges that are straight ancl terminate adjacent
7 the drill's axis of rotation in an arcuate part that is tangent I
to -the reference plane and cuts metal substantially up to the ¦
9 axis of rotation.
Another object of the invention is to provide a dril]
1 ¦ that is simple in construction, economical to manufacture and
12 I simple and efficient to use.
13 With the above and other objects in view, the present
14 invention consists of the combination and arrangement of parts
hereinafter more fully described, illustrated in the
accompanying drawing and more particularly pointed out in the I
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17 appended claims, it being understood that changes may be made
18 in the form, size, proportions and minor details of
¦ construction without departing from the spirit or sacrificing
19 ¦ any of the advantages of the invention.
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21 , BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
22 ¦ FIGURE 1 is a side view of a drill according to the j
28 I invention.
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2~1~ FIGURE 2 is an end outline view of the bottom of the
~ hole cut by the drill shown in Figure 1 at a particular time.
26 FIGURE 3 is an end view of the drill shown in Figure
27 ~ 1.
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; FIGURE 4 is an enlarged view of Figure 3.
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I FIGURE 5 is an enlarged side exploded view of a drill
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equipped with inserts showing the locking parts for the drill
inserts according to the invention. I
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2 FIGURE 6 is an enlarged diagrammtic end vie~l of the
4 drill.
DETAIL~D DESCRIPT~ON OF THE DR~WINGS
6 Now with more particular re~exence to the drawings, I
7 show a drill 10 having body 12. Body 12 has first end 14,
8 second end 16 and tang 18 integrally attached to body 12.
9 First planar surface 20 is formed on one side o:E body 12 and
second planar surface 22 is formed on the other side of body
12, parallel to the plane of first planar surface 20. First
I planar surface 20 and second planar surface 22 support first ,
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13 insert 32 and second insert 34 having cutting edges disposed in
14 ¦ planes that are disposed up to 0.015 inches apart on opposite
sides of central axis of rotation 31 of drill 10. First planar
15 I surPace 20 is formed on one side of drill 10 and second planar
16 ~ surface 22 is formed on the other side of drill 10 parallel to
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18 ¦ the plane of first planar surface 20~ First planar surface 20
¦ and second planar surface 22 form mounting surfaces for first
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insert 32 and second insert 34. First insert 32 and second ~
21 insert 34 are generally parallelogram shaped of a type familiar ¦
22 to those skilled in the art.
I Body 12, of drill 10, has a convex end surface made
23 I of first part 24 and second part 26. First insert 32 and
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, second insert 34 are clamped rigidly to first planar surface 20 11
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and second planar surface 22 by clamp screws 52 and clamp
I inserts 53, which are of a type familiar to those skilled in
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¦ the art. I
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! First insert 32 and second insert 3~ each have first
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end 40, first side surface 38 and second side surface 36 which
~l is parallel to first side surface 38, first end 40 and second
31 end 42. First insert 32 has a first s-traight cutting edge 44
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2 and first curved cutting edge 46. ~econd insert 34 has second
3 straight cutting edge 45 and second curved cutting edge 47.
4 First straight cutting edge ~L4 is -tangent to first curved
cutting edge 46. First straight cutting edge 44 and second
6 straight cutting edge 45 have spaced notches G0 which act as
7 chip brea~er~s. Notches 60 in firs-t insert 32 are staggered
~ from notches 60 in second insert 34 to reduce chip size. The
9 side edges of first insert 32 and second insert 34 wil] have a
0 back taper A of about 15 degrees. First straight cutting edge
1 44 is inclined to a line 30 perpendicular to axis of rotation
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12 1 31 at an angle of about 15 degrees of lead angle B.
Ideally, the radius of curvature oE the arcuate
13 first curved cutting edge 46 and second curved cutting edge 47
14 would be zero and first insert 32, and second insert 34 would
16 come to a sharp point on a~is of rotation 31 o~` drill 10. In
17 practice, the points of first and second inserts would brea~
18 off quickly and to remedy this matter first curved cutting edge
lg 46 and second curved cutting edge 47 are provided which may
have a radius of curvature of only about 0.015 inches. First ¦
¦ curved cutting edge 46 and second curved cutting edge 47 cannot
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cut beyond axis of rotation 31 since this would be a reverse !
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~ lead which would cause the tool to break. Consequently, first I
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¦ curved cutting edge 46 and second curved cutting edge 47 will
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I; cut a central core in the form of an inverted cone unless first I
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i straight cutting edge 44 and second straight cutting edge 45
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are set on center radius of curvature of the curved side
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j section. If first straight cutting edge 44 and second straight
28 I cutting edge 45 are set on their side of center, arcuate first
29 straight cutting edge 44 and second straight cutting edge 45
Il cut constantly and no center post whatever is left or
31 ¦ intermittently broken off during normal operation. When
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2 rotating drill 10 is properly set and lowerecl into engagement
3 with a wor~piece, a hole will be drilled having a substantially
4 flat bottom which is formed by first straight cutting edge 44.
Firs-t insert 32 and second insert 3~ are held to
6 drill body 12 by headed screws 50. Screws 50 have
7 frustoconical heads 52. Heads 52 fit into frustoconical holes
8 53 in frustoconical sleeves 54. First insert 32 and second
9 insert 34 are clamped to first planar surface 20 and second
¦ planar surface 22 by screws 52 and sleeves 54. First i.nsert 32
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11 and second lnsert 34 are of a familiar type generally in the
12 shape of a parallelogram with two flat parallel faces, two
13 short parallel sides and two long parallel sides.
14 I The foregoing specification sets forth the invention
in its preferred, practical forms but the structure shown is
61 capable of modification within a range of equi.valents without
departing from the invention which is to be understood is
lq broadly novel as is commensurate with the appended claims.
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