Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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PROCESS FOR PREPARING VEGETATION BEDROCK
AND MUDDY BORROW SOIL BASE MATERIAL
BLASTING NOZZLE USED THEREFOR
BACKGROUND OF THE lNV :N-LION
The present invention relates to a process for
preparing a vegetation bedrock on the surface of soil to be
executed in civil engineering works and a muddy borrow soil
base material blasting nozzle used for the same process.
More specifically, the invention relates to a process
for preparing a vegetation bedrock of a thick làyer capable
of growing plants when the soil of an oblique surface to be
vegetated (hereinafter referred to as "a normal surface"),
such as the oblique surface of broken soil, a cut or an
embankment generated by a development construction has
wrong plant growing conditions, such as a bedrock, a soft
rock containing less soil, sand soil or heavy clay soil,
and growing plants in the bedrock for its vegetation as
well as a muddy borrow soil base material blasting nozzle
used for the same process and, more particularly, to a
process for blasting mixture of muddy borrow soil base
material with continuous elements, such as threads or tapes
to the surface to be blasted, such as the normal surface
and the blasting nozzle. The process according to the
present invention can be utilized for growing plants on not
only the normal surface but a sand hill which is remarkably
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dried.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
Heretofore, there have been known a process for
blasting the mixture of muddy soil to become the borrow
soil of a vegetation bedrock with a hydrophobic agent and
air from the discharging port at the end of a blasting
nozzle by forcibly mixing and agitating the mixture in the
nozzle. According to this process, the muddy soil is
blasted while being agglomerated by the mixture of the
muddy soil with the hydrophobic agent and the air in the
nozzle, and the mixture can be adhered to the normal
surface considerably in a thick state to be stabilized.
This process is generally executed frequently on an
abruptly oblique surface. Recently, a large-scale work,
such as the construction of an express highway is executed
between mountains in the country, and long and large normal
surfaces are accordingly generated at many places. On such
long and large normal surfaces are presented bedrocks or
special soil, where it is mostly difficult to grow plants.
A plant growing base material, such as soil of high quality
is blasted several centimeters of thickness to such a place
to prepare a plant growing bedrock to conduct a process for
rebounding a nature with vegetation. However, since the
surface to be executed is abruptly oblique, the thickness
of the plant growing bedrock to be adhered is technically
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and economically limited. According to the process at
present, it is expected to prepare a plant growing bedrock
of approx. 10 centimeters at the maximum or at most several
centimeters to grow plants.
As the recent trend of the process for preparing a
vegetation bedrock, the type of the plants to be introduced
to the plant growing process becomes a problem to
permanently maintain the vegetation. In case of herbaceous
plants to be easily introduced, hair roots become main
bodies, and since the roots are not extended deeply in
mountain soil, manure is lost in several years, they are
degenerated by drying, and might be broken together with
the surface layer of the normal surface. Thus, it is
desired to initially introduce large plants which have
taproots of main bodies so as to early expect a
forestation.
There was disclosed as a related prior art not
directly a process for preparing a vegetation bedrock
Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 167170/1980. This proposes a
process for employing for reinforcing road side faces or a
pavement by carrying slender fiber of polyester on high
pressure water to be continuously fed from a nozzle, and
mixing it with said blasted by compressed air from another
nozzle on the surface to be executed. There was also known
a process for fixing mortar-blasted from a mortar gon vith
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glass fiber in a laminar state by blasting the mortar from
the gun to strengthen the surface of a base and
continuously feeding the glass fiber from another fiber
dispenser to integrate both on the surface to be executed.
The conventional process executed in accordance with
the prior invention of Japanese Patent Laid-open No.
156170/1980 will be described with reference to Fig. 13.
In Fig. 13, in order to execute the upper surface of a base
course 40, sand S collected from a sand hill 50 is fed
under pressure by compressed air A by a compressor 51
through a hole 49, and blasted to the surface to be
executed of the base course 40 from a nozzle 43. On the
other hand, threads (fiber) T fed from a thread feeder 54
are integrated with water W of high pressure through a high
pressure pump 53 from a water tank 52 by an ejector 44,
extruded by the high pressure water W, and blasted together
with the high pressure water W to the surface to be
executed of the base course 40 from the nozzle 45 of the
ejector. The threads T (totally 4 in Fig. 13) are extruded
one by one through fine holes of the nozzle 45 by the high
pressure water W at this time, mixed with the sand S on the
surface to be executed in a three-dimensional manner to
form a rigid base course. Thus, in this process, the fiber
of the threads T and the soil particles of the sand S are
separately supplied to the surface to be executed by
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separate two systems to integrate both the fiber and the
soil particles in mixture on the surface to be executed.
It is necessary in the prior art to lap blast both so
as to obtain a vegetation bedrock of a thick layer, and it
must employ the lap blasting after the bedrock to be
blasted previously to stabilize the bedrock of the thick
layer is drained and stabilized. Thus, the prior process
has a timing loss to have the drainage of the bedrock as a
large disadvantage to raise the efficiency.
The normal surfaces to be executed of a vegetation
bedrock mostly have in general gradients of 65 to 45
degrees, and the adhering thickness of the vegetation
bedrock is at most 3 to 8 cm. According to the prior art
process, the thickness of the bedrock to be adhered at once
by blasting is approx. 3 cm even in the case that the soil
and rock of the normal surface have good water absorption
properties, and becomes approx. 1 cm on the normal surface
having wrong water absorption properties, such as clay or
one rock. In summary, the agglomeration of the muddy soil
of the feature of the prior art is performed, and the soil
momentarily becomes hydrophobic, but since the drainage
from the interior of the bedrock is gradually executed, if
a large quantity of muddy soil is blasted continuously, the
weight of the water is added so that the soil is slid~down,
and the blasting amount per one blasting step must be ~
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limited.
- Further, in the prior art, vegetable fiber is mixed as
so-called tie material in the muddy soil to stabilize the
blasted bedrock. The length of the fiber is short 2 to 3
cm, and the effect is scarcely obtained. The longer the
tie material is, the greater the effect becomes, but when
the tie material is mixed in advance in the muddy borrow
soil base material, it causes a pump to be blocked due to
winding on a material agitating shaft, entanglement on a
pressure feeding pump shaft, and clogging between an
impeller and a casing, and the length of the fiber to be
mixed is thus limited.
In the prior art process as described above, only
approx. 5 cm of borrow soil or plant growing base material
is merely adhered to the normal surface of a bedrock having
wrong plant growing conditions. In such a case, even if
the plant growing base material such as borrow soil is
adhered, it is completely dried in a short time under the
- blazing sun in summer, and seedlings of the plants slightly
grown are frequently seasoned to be dead due to lack of
water content.
From the above-mentioned circumstances, there is
employed at present the use of viscous soil having high
water retention characteristics or a method of preventing
drying by mixing a plant growing base material with a water
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retension material, such as vermiculite or high water
absorption resin, but even if any water retention material
or viscous soil is used approx. 5 cm of thickness, a
considerable effect cannot be obtained at present.
It is desired to initially introduce large plants to
permanently vegetate a bedrock and to early forest it, but
the large plants are affected in the germination according
to not only the dry or wet bedrock but the difference of
cold or warm (chilled) temperature after the seeds are
planted. In order to sufficiently provide the growing
period after the seeds are planted, the introduction of the
large plants cannot be expected unless the execution is
conducted in spring. Thus, it is necessary to devise the
planting of the seeds in spring by extending the execution
(planting of seeds) of the large plants by alleviating the
temperature rise or fall in the plant growing bedrock due
to the difference of cold or warm atmospheres and
preventing moisture from evaporating from the ground and
mountains.
In Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 167170/1980 as
related prior art, the object is to reinforce the work by
mixing fiber in the surface to be executed of road or
normal surface to solidify the surface. Accordingly, this
is different from the object of the present invention;of
accelerating the vegetation by forming suitable air gap
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necessary to germinate and grow plants by agglomerating
muddy borrow soil base material necessary for its
vegetation or mixing continuous elements, such as threads
or tapes in the surface to be executed to impart water
retention properties, drainage, air permeability,
temperature maintaining property in the vegetation bedrock.
However, the method of mixing with bedrock material by
blasting continuous elements of fiber as a reinforcing
material to the surface to be executed is similar to the
present invention. But, the different points of this
method from the present invention resides in that the
material of the bedrock is sand or mortar, different from
the vegetation bedrock of the present invention, and the
mechanism of the nozzle or gun for blasting the fiber as
the reinforcing material is fundamentally different. In
other words, according to the prior method as described
above, the feeding mechanisms for the reinforcing
materials, such as the bedrock material and the fiber are
separately operated to be blasted, and both are integrated
in mixture on the surface to be executed. Thus, the
bondability of both after the bedrock material and the
reinforcing material are mixed is wrong. Accordingly,
sufficient effect for stably reinforcing the surface to be
executed cannot be expected.
According to the prior methods, the fiber having
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substantially the same size as that of an injection
port is extruded from the injection port by utilizing
the injecting pressure of clean water, for example, by
a high pressure pump for blasting the fiber to fly it
to the surface to be executed. The thickness of the
threads is thin, approx. 200 microns, and since the
diameter of the injection port of the nozzle is small,
the nozzle tends to be easily blocked. Even if the
fiber is injected under high pressure, the flying dis-
tance of the fiber becomes short, such as 2 to 3 cm infact, which is not proper for a covering work of a long
and large normal surface.
SUMMARY OF THE lNv~lION
Accordingly, an object of the present inven-
tion is to provide a process for preparing vegetation
bedrock and a muddy borrow soil base material blasting
nozzle used for the same process which can eliminate
the aforementioned problems in the prior art and can
solve technical subjects to be solved to obtain stably
reinforced surface to be executed with large possible
blasting amount per one blasting, large discharging
distance, good water retention properties, temperature
maintaining property, drainage and air permeability by
a method of employing a mixture blasting unit of muddy
material and fibers.
A process for preparing barren ground for
producing vegetation thereon, in accordance with the
present invention, comprises the steps of forming a
slurry mix of a planting soil, feeding the soil under
pressure through an ejecting nozzle so that the flow of
soil through the nozzle creates a zone of negative
pressure thereat, introducing air at the zone of nega-
tive pressure, feeding a continuous strand element
together with the air at the zone of negative pressure
whereby the element is sucked into the zone of negative
pressure to mix with the soil flowing through the
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ejecting nozzle, and layering the mixture of soil and
strand element onto barren ground.
A blasting nozzle for layering a vegetation
bearing soil material onto barren ground, in accordance
with the present invention, comprises a nozzle termi-
nating in an injection port, an agitating cylinder
having a discharge port connected to the nozzle, means
defining an air intake port adjacent the injection
port, guide means disposed adjacent the air intake port
for receiving a continuous strand element, and a valv-
ing means for valving the injection port whereby a
slurry mixture of the vegetation bearing soil material
is fed under pressure through the injection port to
create a negative pressure thereat, and the negative
pressure causing the continuous element to be inti-
mately mixed in the agitation cylinder with the
vegetation bearing soil material being forcibly ejected
through the injection port.
Atmospheric air is intaken into a cylinder
by a pressure reducing effect generated in the cylinder
by the
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injection of vegetation bedrock material being muddy from
an injection port in the air intake port of the blasting
nozzle, and threadlike, ropelike or tapelike continuous
elements inserted externally into the air intake port are
intaken to be lntroduced together with the air into the
cylinder of the blasting nozzle. The muddy vegetation
bedrock material is mixed with the continuous elements in
the cylinder, flown out to the exterior from the
discharging port at the end of the blasting nozzle to pull
the continuous elements, and both are adhered to the
surface to be executed in the state that both are entangled
with each other. In this case, the blasting nozzle is
fluctuated in a predetermined width upward and downward,
and rightward and leftward so that the continuous elements
are buried in the vegetation bedrock in a network state to
stabilize the surface to be executed, thereby improving the
water retention properties, drainage and air permeability
in the bedrock.
When a hydrophobic agent is poured in the cylinder of
the blasting nozzle, the hydrophobic agent, the muddy
material and the air are mixed and agitated in the cylinder
to separate the water from the muddy material by the
operation of the hydrophobic agent to agglomerate the muddy
material. Thus, the agglomerated vegetation bedrock
material is flown out from the nozzle discharging port to
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pull the continuous elements and adhered to the surface to
be executed. At this time, since the vegetation bedrock
material is agglomerated, the bedrock material is
preferably entangled with the continuous elements to
further improve the water retention properties, drainage,
air permeability and temperature maintaining property of
the surface to be executed after blasting, thereby
stabilizing the bedrock. Further, the flying distance of
the bedrock material from the nozzle is lengthened.
Then, a tape mulching method for covering the surface
of a plant growing bedrock prepared in advance with water
impermeable tapelike continuous elements by blowing the
continuous elements to the surface of the bedrock will be
described. In this case, the same effects as those of a
film mulching method for preventing moisture dew-condensed
on the lower surface of a film due to atmospheric
temperature rise and fall or moisture evaporated from a
land to prevent it from drying by covering a farm on which
seedlings are planted or a land on which seeds are planted
with straws or a plastic film, or in a dry land, such as a
desert, by covering a plant growing surface entirely with a
film. In this case, the tape is used to cover an abruptly
oblique surface or a normal vigorously uneven surface with
a thin film of a tape without irregularity in response to
the uneven surface.
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Then, when continuous elements made of water
impermeable tape adhered with aluminum foil, or aluminum
powder and having heat beam reflecting elements are covered
on the front surface by blowing them to the surface of a
plant growing bedrock, even if cold and warm atmospheric
temperature difference exists by the covering, the
temperature rise and fall in the plant growing bedrock due
to the heat beam reflection are alleviated, the evaporation
of moisture from mountain soil is prevented to extend the
period capable of planting plant seeds.
Other and further objects, features and advantages of
the invention will appear more fully from the following
description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figs. 1 show an embodiment of a muddy material
blasting nozzle according to the present invention, wherein
Fig. l(a) is a front view of its external appearance, and
Fig. l(b) is a sectional view of the essential portion;
Fig. 2 is an explanatory view of another embodiment of
a muddy material blasting nozzle according to the present
invention, illustrating the state of executing the blasting
work of the nozzle;
Fig. 3 is an exploded front view of the essential
portion in the normal surface to be blasted according to
the invention;
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Fig. 4 is a side sectional view of the same normal
surface;
Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of the mixed state of
agglomerated soil particles and continuous elements;
Figs. 6 show the examples of the shapes of various
types of continuous elements, wherein Fig. 6(a) shows
three-folded tape, Fig. 6(b) shows two-molded tape, Fig.
6(c) shows a tubular shape, Fig. 6(d) shows a fiber bundle;
and Fig. 6(e) shows an irregular fiber bundle;
Fig. 7 is a sectional view of a tape surface to be
executed with a tape mulching method on a plant growing
bedrock on the normal surface of the bedrock;
Fig. 8 is a sectional view of a tape surface to be
executed with a tape mulching method on a seed blasting
layer on the surface to be executed by a sand soil method;
Figs. 9 and 10 show moisture retentivity
characteristic diagrams of tape mulching method execution
zone with water impermeable tape on plant growing bedrock
and sand soil, respectively wherein Figs. 9(a) and lO(a)
show the use of bonding agent solution, and Figs. 9(b) and
lO(b) show the use of muddy material;
Figs. 11 and 12 show underground temperature
characteristic diagrams of the tape mulching method
execution zones with water impermeable tape having heat
beam reflecting elements, wherein Fig. 11 shows temperature
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change after execution in winter, and Fig. 12 shows
temperature change after execution in summer; and
Fig. 13 shows a base course execution process mixed
with sand and continuous elements according to prior art.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Embodiments of the present invention as claimed in
claims 1 and 3 will be described in detail with reference
to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a vegetation bedrock material blasting
nozzle 10 according to the present invention, wherein Fig.
l(a) is a front view of the external appearance of the
nozzle, and Fig. l(b) is a sectional view of the essential
portion of the nozzle.
In Figs. l(a) and l(b), reference numeral 1 denotes an
injection port of muddy borrow soil base material M, and
numeral 2 denotes a cylinder attached to the end of
injection port 1 and having therein a plurality of
agitating blades 2a. The cylinder (hereinafter referred to
as "an agitating cylinder") 2 may be of the type having no
agitating blades 2a. Numeral 3 denote air intake ports,
and numeral 4 denote insertion guide holes of continuous
elements T of fiber, such as threads, which holes are
connected through the air intake ports 3 to the agitating
cylinder 2. When the number of the holes 4 is increased in
a circumferential direction, two or more threads T can be
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simultaneously fed into the agitating cylinder 2 to densify
the mixture of the threads T into a vegetation bedrock
material G. Numeral 6 denotes muddy soil scatter
preventing cover, numeral 7 denotes the discharge port of
the nozzle 10, and numeral 8 denotes a muddy borrow soil
base material regulating cock of ball valve type. Numeral
9 denotes a rubber hose which is connected to a muddy borrow
soil base material feed pump, not shown. Numeral 14
denotes a winding of the continuous element T.
A process for preparing a vegetation bedrock is
executed on the surface to be executed, such as a normal
surface using the muddy material blasting nozzle of the
construction described above. The operation of the nozzle
by this process will be described. The muddy borrow soil
base material M fed under pressure by a muddy material feed
pump, not shown, is fed through the rubber hose 9 to the
blasting nozzle 10, the feeding amount is regulated
properly by the muddy borrow soil base material regulating
cock 8, the base material M then arrives at the injection
port 1, from which the muddy material M is injected into
the agitating cylinder 2. Negative pressure is generated
in the inlet of the agitating cylinder 2 by the injection,
thereby intaking air A from the air intake ports 3 into the
cylinder. The continuous elements T, such as the threads
are intaked by the intake force of the air to be fed
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from the winding 14 through the insertion guide ports 4 of
the continuous elements connected to the air intake ports 3
into the agitating cylinder 2. The muddy material M, the
air A and the continuous elements T are integrated in
mixture in the cylinder 2, preferably agitated in contact
with the agitating blades 2a to form the vegetation bedrock
material G, which is discharged from the discharging port 7
toward the surface to be executed. Thus, since the threads
and the soil are preferably agitated in mixture in the same
nozzle before being discharged, the draping (bondability)
of both is improved to form a stable base course. The size
of the insertion guide hole 4 of the threads or the like is
much larger than that of the hole through which the thread
is passed in the prior art (See Fig. 13). Accordingly, the
hole is not blocked during the usage, the size of the
discharging port of the blasting nozzle is also large, the
discharging pressure is hence large, and the flying
distance of the vegetation bedrock material G to the
surface to be executed at the time of blasting is much
longer than that in the prior art to be preferable for the
work for preparing a long and large normal surface.
Then, embodiments of the present invention as claimed
in claims 2 and 4 will be described with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
Fig. 2 is an explanatory view showing an essential
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portion when a blasting work is executed by injecting a
vegetation bedrock material and continuous elements from
a vegetation bedrock blasting nozzle 20 as claimed in claim
2. The different point of the blasting nozzle 20 in Fig. 2
from the blasting nozzle 10 in Fig. 1 is that the nozzle 20
has a hydrophobic agent pouring port 11, and the other
points of the nozzle 20 are fundamentally the same as those
of the nozzle 10, wherein the same common components of the
nozzle 20 as those in the nozzle 10 are designated by the
same reference numerals as those in the nozzle 10.
In the construction of the vegetation bedrock material
blasting nozzle 20, an agitating cylinder 2 is attached to
the end of a muddy material injection port 1 of the shape
that the end is throttled, and a hydrophobic agent pouring
port 11, an air intake port 3 and an end discharging port 7
are formed at the agitating cylinder 2. Agitating blades
2a are provided in the agitating cylinder 2. On the other
hand, a threadlike, ropelike or tapelike continuous element
T is contained in a winding 14, and the continuous element
T is fed through a thread insertion guide ring 5 and the air
intake port 3 out of the blasting nozzle 20 from the end
discharging port 7 of the nozzle 20.
In the construction described above, muddy borrow soil
base material M is fed under pressure by a pump (not shown)
as designated by an arrow into the injection port 1, from
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which the muddy material M is injected by strong pressure
into the agitating cylinder 2. Air A is intaken to be
introduced from the intake port 3 into the agitating
cylinder 2 by the intake force by means of the pressure
reducing effect in the agitating cylinder 2 by the
injection. In this case, the continuous element T is fed
from the winding 14 toward the air intake port 3 (in the
direction of an arrow with a broken line), mixed with the
vegetation bedrock material G, and both are simultaneously
discharged externally from the end discharging port 7 of
the blasting nozzle 20.
The continuous element T is easily introduced into the
agitating cylinder 2 by the tensile strength of the air A
thus intaken. The element is not limited to only one. Two
or more air intake ports 3 may be formed to separately
introduce two or more continuous elements T, or two or more
continuous elements T may be introduced from one air intake
port 3.
Hydrophobic agent F is fed under pressure by a pump
(not shown) through a pipe 12 to be introduced from a
hydrophobic~agent pouring port ll into the agitating
cylinder 2, the muddy material M, the hydrophobic agent F
and air A are mixed to be agitated in the agitating
cylinder 2, the muddy borrow soil base material M is
agglomerated~here to become a vegetation bedrock material
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G.
The muddy borrow soil base material M in the present
invention is used as the soil base material, and manure,
seeds, and/or root stems are suitably mixed therewith,
vegetable fiber, and/or erosion preventing agent are mixed
as required, suitable quantity of water is mixed to prepare
as a muddy material.
The hydrophobic agent to be poured includes, for
example, polyacrylamide hydrolyzate or the like, which has
an effect of separating water by acting the muddy borrow
soil base material M to agglomerate it.
The continuous element T of the ma~ feature of the
present invention is of threadlike, ropelike or tapelike
continuously slender article, its shape is not limited, but
if the weight is excessively heavy, it is not preferably
mixed with the muddy borrow soil base material M, i.e., the
vegetation bedrock material G to be scattered while being
agglomerated by the blasting nozzle but dropped on the way,
and relatively light continuous element T is accordingly
preferable.
In case of the blasting work, the blasting nozzle 20
is fluctuated in a predetermined width upward and downward,
rightward and leftward to bury the continuous element T in
the vegetation bedrock material in mesh state to be stably
adhered to the normal surface. Thus, an agglomerated
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borrow soil layer B is formed as shown in Figs. 3 and 4
on the normal surface. Fig. 3 is an exploded front view of
the essential portion of the agglomerated borrow soil layer
B on the normal surface by blasting according to the
embodiment, and Fig. 4 is a side sectional view similarly
of the agglomerated borrow soil layer B. As shown in Figs.
3 and 4, the continuous element T is buried elevationally
and laterally in a mesh state, the vegetation bedrock
material G is adhesively laminated on the lower and upper
layers to form the agglomerated borrow soil layer B to be
stably prepared on the normal surface K. At this time, the
continuous element T can absorb and seal water
hydrophobically treated when it is agglomerated in the air
gap of the element to retain the water for a long period of
time, and the air is fed from the position exposed on the
surface of the borrow soil layer B through the air gap of
the element into the interior of the borrow soil layer B to
operate a ventilation.
Fig. 5 shows a partially enlarged view of the state
that the continuous element T is mixed in the vegetation
bedrock material G. As shown in Fig. 5, the agglomerated
vegetation bedrock material G becomes an agglomeration of
individual soil particles P, and mixed with the continuous
element T entangled among the soil particles P. Thus, the
soil particles and the continuous element are supported to
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each other, and gaps for retaining the water and
ventilating air are maintained thereamong.
As described above, the continuous element T mixed in a
three-dimensional manner in the vegetation bedrock material
G thus blasted supports the vegetation bedrock material G
to be slid down by the mutual entanglements. Accordingly,
the blasting thickness can be increased to 10 cm or larger
by one blasting work to very efficiently prepare the stable
vegetation bedrock, thereby largely improving the
efficiency irrespective of the the inclination of the
normal surface, the soil and the rock.
The fluctuation of the blasting nozzle 20 may not
always be conducted upward and downward, rightward and
leftward according to the state of the normal surface. For
example, if the normal surface is much uneven, the blasting
nozzle 20 is fluctuated only rightward and leftward to move
the continuous element rightward and leftward, thereby
performing the object.
When the continuous element T which is treated with
antiskid or formed to be easily entangled is employed, it
can obtain further excellent antiskid effect.
When the shape and the strength of the continuous
element T are devised, various operations and effects can
be expected. For example, when the continuous element
having large tensile strength is employed, it can expect
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the breakage preventing effect of the normal surface.
In other words, for the purpose of stabilizing the
blasted vegetation bedrock and preventing the small
breakage of the normal surface at present, a base network
(See 23 in Fig. 7) made of rhombic lath metal gauze or
synthetic resin network is extended before blasting, and
the vegetation bedrock material is blasted thereon.
However, when the shape and the strength of the continuous
element are devised in the process of the invention and the
continuous element is buried in a mesh state in the
vegetation bedrock, the extension of the base network in
the prior art can be eliminated.
When the tapelike continuous element of two-or more
folded state overlapped as shown in Figs. 6(a) to 6(e) is
employed, the water retension properties and air
permeability of the vegetation bedrock interior can be
improved. Figs. 6 show some examples adapted therefor,
wherein Fig. 6(a) shows three-folded tape state, Fig. 6(b)
shows two-folded tape state, Fig. 6(c) shows a tubular
state, Fig. 6(d) shows a fiber bundle, and Fig. 6(e) shows
an irregularly folded fiber bundle, and reference character
h shows holes for air or water permeation opened thereat.
More specifically, the normal surface to be executed
for vegetation by blasting a plant growing bedrock material
generally contains bedrock of abrupt oblique and grows
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plants in limited several cm of thickness of the bedrock.
Therefore, the presence of the water retension properties
of the bedrock largely affects the growth of the plants,
and since the surface to be executed is of normal surface
formed by cutting the mountain surface, water flowing
between the mountains flows out on the normal surface, the
place where is always wet is prepared, the bedrock at this
place is saturated with the water to become an oxygen-lack
state, thereby disturbing the growth of the plants.
In order to grow the plants in the vegetation bedrock
of the limited thickness even under such wrong conditions,
when the tapelike continuous element two or more-folded as
described above or the like is buried by the process of the
invention, the gaps formed by the foldings perform the
operation of enhancing water retension properties,
drainage, air permeability, etc., thereby expecting the
maintenance of always preferable conditions in the growth
of the plants.
A flat yarn (tapelike long article) in which aluminum
foils are laminated (bonded) is used as the continuous
element T to alleviate the temperature difference in the
soil. Thus, the influence of the temperature difference to
the atmospheric air to the vegetation bedrock interior can
be reduced to decrease the influence at the time of severe
cold in winter and hot in the blazing sun in summer.
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Accordingly, the suitable period of the vegetation work to
be forcibly conducted for improper period execution can be
extended.
Then, an example of the result of experiments executed
according to the invention will be described. In this
experiment, the following mixture composition of the muddy
borrow soil base material was used.
planting soil (including organic manure): 2500 liters
vegetable fiber: 960 liters
chemical manure: 40 kg.
erosion preventing agent: 90 liters
(special asphalt emulsifying agent, etc.)
seeds (Kentucky 31F, etc.) 0.7 kg.
The mixture was of the quantity per 30 m2 of blasting
area when the thickness of blasting was 10 cm.
2000 liters of water was filled in a base material
tank (having 4000 liters of volume) of a blasting machine,
the mixture material described above was then mixed
therewith, and the mixture was agitated to be muddy.
On the other hand, 600 g of hydrophobic agent
(polyacrylamide hydrolyzate)-was used for the mixture,
dissolved in 300 liters of water in a hydrophobic agent
tank (having 300 liters of volume) to prepare 0.2% aqueous
solution.
As the c.ontinuous element, 2000 m of one winding.of
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polyethylene flat yarn having 6 mm of width with 200 g or
weight was prepared.
A blasting nozzle 20 as shown in Fig. 2 was used to
feed under pressure the muddy borrow soil base material M
by a slurry (muddy material) pump to the injection port 1,
the hydrophobic agent F was introduced by a gear pump to
the hydrophobic agent pouring port 11, the polyethylene
flat yarn was inserted at its one end from the air intake
port 3 through the guide ring 5 into the agitating cylinder
2, and the winding 14 was freely rotated for the
polyethylene flat yarn to be fed.
When the blasting was started, air is intaked from the
air intake port 3 by the injection pressure of the muddy
borrow soil base material M to be fed into the blasting
nozzle 20, the hydrophobic agent F and the air A were mixed
and agitated forcibly by the injection stream of the muddy
borrow soil base material M in the agitating cylinder 2,
agglomerated, and water added in advance in the base
material tank to improve the fluidity in the muddy borrow
soil base material M at this time was hydrophobically
treated to be plasticized to become vegetation bedrock
material G, and discharged externally from the discharging
port 7.
On the other hand, the polyethylene flat yarn
introduced from the air intake port 3 was fed into the
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agitating cylinder 2 by the intake force of the fed air,
flown together with the vegetation base bedrock material G
from the discharging port 7 under the tension of the
discharge of the vegetation bedrock material G, and adhered
in the state mixed in a three-dimensional manner in the
vegetation bedrock material G of the surface to be blasted.
In this case, the blasting nozzle 20 was fluctuated
widely upward and downward, and rightward and leftward by a
manual work as much as possible to regulate the blasting
range to the normal surface both upward and downward, and
rightward and leftward approx. 10 m.
In this manner, the polyethylene flat yarn flown
together with the vegetation bedrock material G was adhered
in the shape to be buried in a complicated mesh state into
the adhered vegetation bedrock interior.
In this case, the using amount of thé polyethylene
flat yarn was approx. 2500 mm for the one tank (having
4000 liters of volume) of the blasting machine of the muddy
borrow soil base material M. It was also understood that
the using amount was irrespective of the fluctuation method
of the blasting nozzle.
In the experiment example, the normal surface to be
blasted had 65 degrees of its gradient, and approx. 10 cm
of thickness of a vegetation bedrock was prepared by one
blasting work, but the bedrock was not slid down at a~l.
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In the prior art, in the case of the normal surface of
such an abrupt oblique surface, when 3 cm or more of
thickness was blasted by one blasting work, it was slid
down. Accordingly, it was necessary to blast 3 to 4 times
by waiting the drainage at each time, but in comparison,
the process of the present invention can perform the
preparation of the vegetation bedrock extremely
efficiently.
In this experiment, only one polyethylene flat yarn
was used. However, it was confirmed by another experiment
that two-or more polyethylene flat yarns could be
simultaneously used by providing two or more air intake
ports at the blasting nozzle.
According to the present invention, since the muddy
material injected from the injection port 7 was injected in
mixture with the continuous element G of fiber inserted
from the air intake port 3 in the cylinder, the continuous
element G became very preferably draped with the gravel
after it was blasted to the normal surface. In order to
measure the draping effect with the gravel, the following
measurement was conducted. More specifically, nonflammable
multifilament of polyester was used for the long fiber of
the continuous element G, the yarn was slowly pulled out
from the adhered surface, after blasting, and the gravel
adherence amount was measured. As a result, as in the
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prior art, when the yarn (fiber) and the gravel were
separately blasted from separate nozzles, the gravels were
not adhered to most yarns, but according to the present
invention, after the yarn and the gravel was mixed in the
nozzle cylinder and then blasted, the yarn was entangled
with the gravel to adhere a large quantity of the gravel
thereto. The measurement result is shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Measured Weight of Weight of Weight of gravel
We ght yarn adhered yarn washed adhered
Blasting - with gravel off gravel
method \ (1) (2) (3) = (1) - (2)
Separate
nozzles 0.12 g 0.09 g 0.03 g
(Prior art)
One nozzle
with gravel 15.8 g 0.09 g 15.71 g
(The present
invention)
However, the length of the measured yarn was 1 m x 5,
(1) the weight-of the yarn adhered with the gravel while
removed from the blasted surface, and (2) the weight of the
yarn of the bare state that the gravel was washed off the
yarn, were measured, and (3) the weight of the gravel
adhered to the yarn = (1) - (2) was measured for the~
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degree that the gravel was adhered to the yarn, i.e., the
draping effect of the yarn with the gravel. As a result,
as listed in Table 1, the process for blasting the gravel
(borrow soil base material) from onè nozzle together with
the thread to the surface to be executed could adhere more
gravel to the thread, and it was understood that the
draping effect of the thread with the gravel was larger.
It was understood that the tension of the thread
sufficiently perform the effect to the pressure and the
tensile force applied to the gravel on the surface to be
executed, could hold the strength of the bedrock as
compared with the prior method and performs to hold the
stability.
Since the muddy material blasting nozzle of the
present invention feeds under pressure by a slurry (muddy
material) pump having large feeding liquid amount to inject
from a hole having large size of 20 mm of the diameter of
the injection port, the flying distance of the muddy soil
becomes approx. 20 m, and the long fiber of the continuous
element mixed therewith is followed to the position where
the muddy soil is scattered. When the quantity of the
wafer mixed with the gravel is increased and the muddy
material of low concentration was prepared and blasted to
raise the feeding liquid head (pressure) of the slurry pump
for feeding the liquid, the injection pressure from the
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nozzle was raised, but the flying distance was, contrary
thereto, reduced by the scattering by the resistance of the
air after injected from the nozzle.
Therefore, in the invention as claimed in claim 3, a
device for mixing hydrophobic agent (agglomerating agent )
F (hydrophobic agent pouring port) is provided in the
cylinder 2 attached to the end of the muddy material
injection port 1, the muddy material M and the hydrophobic
agent F are mixed while the air is intaken from the air
intake port 3 by the injection pressure of the muddy
material, the muddy material M is agglomerated with the air
A as a catalyst to separate the water used for forming the
muddy material to agglomerate the muddy material M, thereby
successfully preventing the muddy material injected from
the nozzle from scattering.
The gravel plasticized and agglomerated in separation
from the water is flown 30 to 40 m without scattering, the
continuous long fiber mixed at the time of agglomerating
with the muddy material M is completely mixed closely with
the gravel, flown to completely follow the gravel flown 30
to 40 m, and stably adhered in the state mixed in a three-
dimensional manner in the gravel.
Then, the flying distances of the threads according to
the methods in comparison with the measurement are listed
in Table 2.
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Table 2
Prior art This invention
Method Method (1) Method (2)
Flying distance 2 - 3 m 15 - 20 m 30 = 40 m
of thread
In Table 2, the prior art method injected 1 liter of
water from a hole having 1 mm of diameter, and flied the
yarn by utilizing the injection pressure.
In the method (1) of the invention, 2000 liters of
water was mixed with 2500 liters of muddy soil to prepare
the muddy material, and the muddy material was blasted
together with long continuous fiber without agglomerating
the muddy material by the method as claimed in claim 2 by
using the high pressure slurry pump having 17 kg/cm2 of
head.
In the method (2) of the invention, 600 liters of
2%-polyacrylamide a~ueous solution was mixed as a
hydrophobic agent in the nozzle by a method as claimed in
claim 3, and the continuous long fiber was blown while the
muddy material was agglomerated with the air as a catalyst.
As listed in Table 2, according to the present
invention, the flying distance of the thread by the prior
method can be extended by ten times as long as the prior
art, and the work on the surface to be executed such as
long and large normal surface can be efficiently performed.
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.
The interior of the cylinder 2 of the nozzle is
reduced under pressure by the injection from the muddy
material injection port 7, the size of the air intake port
3 for intaking the continuous long fiber T together with the ,
air A by the pressure reducing effect is opened in size of 5
to 6 times as large as the 2 cm of the diameter of the
muddy injection port 1, and the blocking of the injection
port with a foreign material due to the small size of the
injection port of the continuous long fiber is eliminated.
Further, arbitrary number of fibers having different
diameters can be easily flown by one nozzle.
In the embodiments with respect to the claims 2 and 4
described above, when the hydrophobic agent valve 13 of the
blasting nozzle 20 is blocked to stop pouring of the
hydrophobic agent F from the hydrophobic agent pouring port
11 into the agitating cylinder, it becomes entirely the same
conditions as that of the embodiments using the blasting
nozzle 10 as claimed in claims 1 and 3 and similar effects
to the same are, of course, obtained.
Embodiments of the present invention as claimed in
claims 5 and 6 will be then described. These embodiments
are executed to provide the effects of retaining water and
draining in the plant growing bedrock prepared by
executing the embodiments of the invention as described
above and blasting the vegetation bedrock material to the
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normal surface or the like. In order to caltivate
vegetables, a mulching method for covering around the
vegetables with a vinyl film so as to prevent the soil from
excessively drying or moistening is generally employed.
The embodiments use a long tape having water impermeable
continuous element to conduct the method. The technics and
the method for blowing the tape of this case to the surface
to be executed are the same as those in the previous
embodiments, and the detailed description thereof will be
omitted, and the different points from those of the
previous embodiments will be mainly described.
In this case, in order to improve the water retention
properties of the plant growing surface of the plant
growing bedrock to be objected, a water impermeable tape is
blown to be adhered to the surface of a plant growing
surface. At this time, in order to extend the flying
distance of the tape, water emulsified by dispersing
aqueous solution in which a bonding agent is dissolved or a
bonding agent or a muddy borrow soil base material prepared
dilutely is used instead of the muddy borrow soil base
material used in the previous embodiments. In the previous
embodiments, the stabilization of the blasted borrow soil
base material is its main object, while in this embodiment,
a tape mulching method for forming a mulch layer of a~tape
by covering a plant growing bedrock with a tapelike film is
1 334486
its object, and it is accordingly necessary to widely
interpose the tape without irregularity with a relatively
thin layer by remotely scattering the tape with the
solution or the muddy material. Thus, in this embodiment,
the two- or three-folded tape is not employed, but a single
tape having approx. 2 cm of width us used.
An actual example of this embodiment will be
described. A blasting nozzle used the blasting nozzle 10
used in the embodiment as claimed in claim 1 or the
blasting nozzle 20 used in the embodiment as claimed in
claim 2, in which the hydrophobic agent pouring valve 13
was closed to blast 4000 liters of slurry, thereby intaking
approx. 2500 m of tape (flat yarn) having 2 cm of width to
blast it together with the solution or the muddy material
and to adhere it to the surface to be executed.
In this embodiment, 4 tapes each having 2 cm of width
were intaken, blown together with 4000 liters of the
solution or the muddy material to the normal surface having
200 m2 to be adhered thereto. In calculation, 4 tapes each
having 2 cm of width were intaken and one tape is blown
2500 mm. Accordingly, it could be calculated as below.
2 cm x (2500 m x 4) = 200 m2
Thus, when they could be blown without irregularity to the
normal surface having 200 m2, a tape mulch layer having 100
% of coverage was to be obtained, but since they were
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duplicated at some placed in fact, the coverage after the
working was visually observed to be approx. 60 to 70 %.
Water retension effect was provided in this degree, and
suitable air gaps which did not affect adverse influence to
the germination and the growth of the plants could be
simultaneously formed.
Then, the actual result of the test execution (trial
works) of blowing the tapers will be described.
The case that aqueous solution of a bonding agent was
used will be first described. The mixing contents of the
aqueous solution of a bonding agent used in this test
execution were as below.
Adhesive (Highset 200*, manufactured by Dai-ichi Kogyo
Seiyaku Co., Ltd., Japan): 2 kg
Erosion preventing agent (Furincoat*, manufactured by
Shell Petroleum Co., Ltd.): 180 kg
Fresh water: 4000 liters
The above aqueous solution was fed by a pump (not
shown) under pressure into the blasting nozzle 20 (Fig. 2),
and blasted to the trial work zone while tapes T were
intaked from the air intale port 3. Since the hydrophobic
agent was not used in this trial work, the hydrophobic
agent pouring port 11 was closed by the hydrophobic agent
valve 12.
Then, the trial work of the case that the muddy borrow
* trade-mark
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,. ~
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1 334486
soil base material was used will be described. The mixing
contents of the muddy borrow soil base material in this
work were as below.
Planting soil (containing organic soil): 1250 liters
Vegetable fiber: 480 liters
Erosion preventing agent: 45 liters
Fresh water: 4000 liters
The hydrophobic agent consisting of the following
composition was additionally used in this work.
Hydrophobic agent (polyacrylamide hydrolyzate): 600 g.
Fresh water: 300 liters
The above muddy borrow soil base material and the
hydrophobic agent were blasted together with the tapes T
intaked from the air intake port 3 to the surface to be
executed of the trial work zone using the blasting nozzle
20 shown in Fig. 2. At this time, the hydrophobic water
valve 13 was opened, and the hydrophobic agent was poured
from the hydrophobic agent pouring port 11 into the
agitating cylinder 2.
The above-mentioned two types of the materials to be
executed were blasted by separate pumps and nozzles to the
surface to be vegetated. As one of the surfaces to be
vegetated of the trial work zone in this case, a normal
surface 26 to which 10 cm of thickness of borrow soil base
material was blasted as a plant growing bedrock to the
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normal surface 21 of the bedrock as shown in Fig. 7 was
prepared, fixed to the normal surface of the bedrock by a
base network 23 made of metal gauze or resin network and an
anchor 24, and a vegetation material such as seeds 25 or
the like was contained therein. As the other one of the
surfaces to be vegetated, as shown in Fig. 8, a thin layer
of a seeds blowing layer 27 including a vegetation
material, such as seeds 25 was prepared on a normal surface
22 which was easily dried like sand soil. Then, the
bonding agent solution or the muddy borrow soil base
material were blasted together with water impermeable tapes
31 to the normal surfaces 21 and 22 to form a tape mulching
layer 35. The place where was disposed adjacent to the
execution zone in which no blasting was conducted at all
was provided as unexecution zone of the district to be
executed in the zones to be executed, 100 cc of soiIs were
collected by soil collectors at four positions per 200 m2
from a vegetation bedrock and sand soil of 2 cm from the
surface in the zone to be executed of the process and the
unexecution zone adjacent thereto, dried at 100C for 24
hours, the water content ratios (which is the ratio by
weight of the water contents contained) were measured to
obtain the water contents of the soils at the four
positions per zone to be executed, and the average value
was calculated. The results of the measurements conducted
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for several tens of days were shown in Figs. 9(a), 9(b) and
10(a), 10(b). Figs. 9 show the water content retentivity
characteristic diagram of the bedrock of the case that the
tapers were blown to the vegetation bedrock shown in Fig.
7, wherein Fig. 9(a) shows the case using a bonding agent
solution, and Fig. 9(b) shows the case using the muddy
material. Figs. 10 show the water content of the case that
the tapes were blown to the sand soil shown in Fig. 8,
wherein Fig. 10(a) shows the case using the bonding agent
solution, and Fig. 10(B) shows the case using the muddy
material. As apparent from Figs. 9 and 10, the zone using
the aqueous solution of the bonding agent exhibited better
water retension effect than the zone using the muddy borrow
soil base material, but the results of both did not have
large difference. Both were dried as days were passed to
reduce their water content, but their water contents were
held at 18 to 20 %, and both were not dried to 15 % of the
water content of a plant growth disturbing point. On the
contrary, the unexecuted zone to which the materials were
not blasted was early dried, the water contents exceeded 13
~ of initial drooping point to be dried after 15 to 20 days
were elapsed. In comparison, the effect of the tape
blowing according to the invention can be evidently
observed. The zones to be executed and thus measured were
of normal surfaces formed relatively smoothly on the
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surface level. However, ~the tapes were positively adhered
to the case using the muddy borrow base material as
compared with the case using the bonding agent solution on
the normal surface of largely uneven surface, and the
scattering of the tapes duè to wind was less.
Still another embodiments of the invention as claimed
in claims 7 and 8 will be describéd. The different point
of the embodiments as claimed in claims 7 and 8 from those
in claims 5 and 6 is that, the latter uses a mere water
impermeable tapes as the tapes used, while these
embodiments use aluminum foils each having heat beam
reflecting elements or aluminum foil or a water impermeable
tape to which the aluminum foil is adhered, and the other
conditions are the same as those in the previous
embodiments. Accordingly, the other conditions will be
omitted.
The examples of these embodiments of the invention
will be described. The examples were executed twice in
severe cold period in winter (February 1) and in severe hot
period in summer (August 1). In case of the trial works,
the water impermeable tapes each having the heat beam
reflecting elements were blown using the muddy borrow soil
base material. The trial zones to be executed were,
similar to the previous embodiments, blasted with a plant
growing bedrock to which a vegetation bedrock material was
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blasted in advance according to these embodiments, and the
temperatures in the bedrock were measured for a period of
half a year after the execution. The results are shown in
Figs. 11 and 12, in which Tl are atmospheric temperatures,
T2 are those in unexecuted zone of the zones to be
executed, and T3 are temperatures in the bedrock of the
zones to be executed. As shown in Figs. 11 and 12, the
variation in the underground temperatures in the execution
zone thus blasted exhibited smooth corresponding to the
atmospheric temperature changes as compared with that in
the underground temperatures in the unexecuted zone not
blasted according to these embodiments. As observed, the
period of the temperature adapted for germinating and
growing plants in the bedrock by the execution of these
embodiments is extended as compared with that of the
unexecuted zone. Therefore, the places where the process
of the embodiments of the invention was executed can be
extended in the period capable of executing (planting
the seeds)-of the large plants to improve the effect of the
vegetation.
The advantages of the present invention are as below.
(1) Since the continuous elements are mixed and buried in
the three-dimensional manner in the vegetation bedrock, it
can prevent the vegetation bedrock material on the normal
surface from sliding down to be able to increase the
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1 334486
blasting amount per one blasting work, thereby eliminating
the losses of lap blasting and drainage waiting.
(2) since the quantity and the flying distance of the
blasting vegetation bedrock material from the discharging
port of the blasting nozzle are large, its working
efficiency is raised, thereby executing to the long and
large normal surface in a shorter period than that in the
prior art.
(3) The continuous elements are contained in mixture in the
vegetation bedrock to prepare environments adapted -for
growing the plants, such as water retentivity, drainage,
air permeability, temperature maintaining property, etc. in
the bedrock, thereby accelerating the vegetation.
(4) The draping effect of the continuous elements mixed in
the vegetation bedrock with the vegetation bedrock is
increased to stably strengthen the surface to be executed,
thereby providing effècts of preventing the normal surface
from breaking.
(5) The surface of the vegetation bedrock is covered with
the water impermeable tapelike continuous elements to raise
the water retention effect in the vegetation bedrock,
thereby increasing the mulching effect for germinating and
growing the plants.
(6) The surface of the vegetation bedrock is covered with
the water impermeable tape having heat beam reflecting
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`~- 1 334486
elements to be adhered with aluminum foils or the like to
raise the temperature maintaining effect in the vegetation
bedrock, thereby extending the proper period of execution,
such as the planting of seeds and the like.
Fig. 9(a)
Water content ratio
Bonding agent to plant growing bedrock
A: execution zone
B: unexecution zone
(Water capacity quantity in farm?
(Initial drooping point)
Elapsed days (days)
Fig. 9(b)
Water content ratio
Muddy material blasted to plant growing bedrock
A: execution zone
B: unexecution zone
(Water capacity quantity in farm)
(Initial drooping point)
Elapsed days (days)
Fig. lO(a)
Water content ratio
Bonding agent solution blasted to sand soil
A: execution zone
B: unexecution zone
(Water capacity quantity in farm)
(Initial drooping point)
Elapsed days (days)
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Fig. lO(b)
Water content ratio
Muddy material blasted to sand soil
A: execution zone
B: unexecution zone
(Water capacity quantity in farm)
(Initial drooping point)
Elapsed days (days)
Fig. 11
Temperature
Temperature change after execution in winter
(Measuring period: February 1 to July 31)
Elapsed days (month/date)
Fig. 12
Temperature
Temperature change after execution in summer
(Measuring period: August 1 to January 31)
Elapsed days (month/date)
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