Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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AN ELEVATING AND TRANSPORTING DEVICE
The present invention concerns an elevating and
transporting device for a container or a flatrack
provided with fittings for lifting in the corners
of the container, the device comprising an
undercarriage provided with main wheels and a
carrying frame pivotally connected with the
undercarriage, the carrying frame designed to be
10 connected with the lower part of the ends of the ~-
container and to bear against or be connected with
the upper part of the ends of the container, and
where pivotably mounted first displacing means
connecting the undercarriage and the upper part of
the carrying frame may elevate the container of
flatrack from the base.
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Such devices are described for example in United
States Patent Nos. 3,497,231 issued to Fulmer et al.
on February 24, 1970 and 3,156,484 issued to Talbert
on November 10, 1964. These devices are used when
transporting containers and other non-bendable,
regularly formed items. The word container applies
in the above and in the following text to all such
items. ~wo such devices are used and connected to
each end of the container placed on the ground. As
the displacing means are extended the container is
lifted from the ground. The known devices are
advantageous as to lifting capability and as to
stability when driving as the load may be positioned
rather lowly. However, utilization of the known
devices requires that the container is accessible at
both ends.
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, If a container or a flatrack is to be unloaded from
a vehicle, e.g. a trailer, a truck or a railroad
car, at least one end of the container is not
accessible. Therefore it is common to use fork-lift
!' 5 trucks, cranes, or jacks, the last-mentioned
` described in Swedish Patent No. 159,513 issued to
Bergvall et al. on July 2, 1957 and West German ~ -
laid-open publication (Auslegeschrift) No. 21 62 135
issued to Mai et al. on December 5, 1974. Fork-lift -
10 trucks are expensive means if dimensioned for heavy ~
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load as for example twenty feet containers weighing up to
25.000 kilograms, and are furthermore not suited for road
transport as the container is carried transversely on the
forks. Cranes and jac~s are stationary devices. In
developing countries limited economic capability often
limits the available areas of paved ground in harbours and
other places where goods are transferred to other
transporting means or unloaded, thus also excluding the use
of fork-lift trucks in these areas.
The purpose of the invention is to provide a elevating and
transporting device of the kind indioated in the above and
capable of lifting a container, a flatraok or the like
regularly formed, non-bendable load when two devices are
positioned at the sides of the container and without using
special auxillary means, especially when transferring,
unloading and loading of containers in places with rough
and uneven ground, the device being of relatively simple
and cheap construction.
According to the invention there is provided a device of
the prevlously indlcated kind being di6tlnctlve in that the
carrying frame consists of separate upper and lower parts,
said upper and lower part being mutually displaceable by
second displacing means, where at each side of the upper
part there may be or is provided with load-carrying means
intended for attaching to the lower corners of th~
container when the device is placed facing the side of the
container.
With two devices according to the invention a container may ~ :
be supported laterally at both sides while the load-
carrying means are attached to the laterally-facing parts
of the lower corners of the container. The mutually
displaceable parts of the carrying frame makes it possible
to elevate or lower the load by the first and second
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displacing means while the lower parts are supported
by the ground, thus permitting elevation of the
container above the ground to a height where a
vehicle can receive the load just by driving under
it. Reversely, a container may be unloaded from a
vehicle by placing a device according to the
invention at each side of the vehicle and thereafter
positioning the upper parts of the devices in a
height where the load-carrying means may be attached
to the lower corners of the container, thereafter
elevating the container a little distance over the
vehicle, after which action the vehicle may be
removed and the container placed on the ground. The
ability of the two devices according to the
invention to be mounted at each end as in the
previous art with the low-slung position of the load
when driving makes it possible to use the device
according to the invention as a versatile lifting
and transporting apparatus without the help of other
means as fork-lift trucks and cranes while at the
same time providing a short-haul or long-haul
transporting means across uneven ground or unpaved
roads.
In a preferred embodiment, the device according to
the invention i9 designed in such a way that while
the first displacing means are in a compressed state
the upper part of the carrying frame may be extended
by the second displacin~ means to a position in
which the frame is leaning across the undercarriage.
Thereby a set consisting of two devices according to
the invention may be stacked very closely, e.g. to
be packed in a 20 feet flatrack for shipping.
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In order to make the device according to the
invention mobile so that it may roll on the ground,
the undercarriage is provided with a drawbar,
preferably pivotably connected thereto, the drawbar
being furnished with or having attachment for at
least one auxiliary wheel. Also, the weight of the
upper part of the carrying frame is made so great
that the point of gravity of the device may be
displaced to a line extending vertically through a
point between the main wheel and the auxiliary
wheel. In this way, the device according to the
invention can rest only on the wheels.
In order to avoid the load of push forces on the
container's sides, it is preferred that the upper
part is or may be provided with at least one pushrod
being connectable to the upper part of a facing
device.
20 Furthermore, in a simple embodiment of the -
invention, the lower part may be connected by
pulling means to the lower part of a facing device.
Thereby special braking means to counteract the
forces tending to press the lower parts of devices
away from the container while lifting along sides of
the container are avoided.
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Moreover, the lower part of the carrying frame may
be or is provided with two equidistant means `~
intended for attaching to the upper corners of the
container at the side thereof. Thereby it is
possible to secure the lower part by, for example,
chains to the container while the device's carrying
frame is leaning backwards with the lower part
raised from the ground. Upon raising the carrying
frame the device tips over, tightening the means
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(chains), whereby the device by its own weight is
pulled to a position at the middle of the side of
the container. Thus manual positioning of the
device may be avoided before lifting the container
S from the ground.
Therefore, in accordance with the present invention,
there is provided an elevating and transporting
device for a container provided with fittings for
10 lifting at the corners of the container, the device .-
comprising an undercarriage having main wheels and a
carrying frame pivotally connected to the
undercarriage, the carrying frame having means for
connecting to a lower portion of the ends of the
15 container and to bear against an upper portion of :-
the ends of the container, the carrying frame having
a base and having a pivotally mounted first
displacing means connecting the undercarriage and an
upper part of the carrying frame to elevate the
20 container from the base, the improvement comprising :
the upper part of the carrying frame being separate :~
from a lower part of the carrying frame, the upper
and lower parts of the carrying frame being mutually
displaceable by a second displacing means connected .
to each of the lower and upper parts of the carrying
frame, the upper part of the carrying frame having .
ends including means for attaching to the lower
corners of the container along a side of the
container to lift the container, whereby the ..
container is supported and lifted by an elevating
and transporting device on each of the opposed sides :
of the container. . :
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A preferred embodiment of the device according
to the invention is described in details in the
following with ~
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reference to the drawing.
Fig. 1 shows two devices according to the invention
connected end-wise to a container in a way
corresponding to prior art,
Fig. 2 shows the ~ame as fig. 1, but with the container
in a sligthly elevated position,
Fig. 3 shows a view of a preferred embodiment of the
deviae according to the invention from the side
intended to face a container,
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Fig. 4 shows a partial section in one of the columns in ~;
t~e carrying frame of the device,
Fig. 5 shows the same as fig. 4, but in the section V- -
V,
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Fig. 6 shows an enlarged view of the upper part of the
device's carrylng frame as seen from the back-side,
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Fig. 7 shows an elevated view of the upper part of the
carrying frame,
Fig. 8 shows an enlarged detail of the upper part of
the device's carrying frame provided with an auxillary
hook,
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Fig. 9 shows a drawbar for the device according to the -
invention,
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Fig. 10 shows an enlarged end detail of the lower part ;
of the device according to the invention,
Fig. 11 shows a device according to the invention in a
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side view and connected to a container placed on the
ground in a pha~e immediately before lifting,
Fig. 12 - 14 shows different phase6 when unloading a
container from a railcar with two devices according to
the invention,
Fig. 15 shows the ~ame as fig. 11, but as seen from the
back side, -
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Fig. 16 and 17 show6 a security device for use in the
invention in different views, ~-
Fig. 18 showæ a side view of a Gonnection between a ~ -
lower part of devioe's carrying frame and a corner of a
oontainer,
Fig. 19 shows the 6ame as fig. 15 but in a end view,
Fig. 20 shows braces for use in the invention in two
d~fferent views.
A preferred embodiment for a device according to the
invention may be utilized as in prior art, compare fig. 1
and 2 depicting in principle two devices 10,12 connected
endwise to the corners of a container 20, in this case a
twenty feet ISO-standardaontainer. The devices may differ
in details as to be suitable as front part 10 and rear part
12. Each device 10,12 comprises extending means 22
connected pivotably to an undercarriage 23 provided with
main driving wheels 24 and to a carrying frame 30. As shown
in fig. 2 the container 20 may be elevated by extending -
hydraulic main cylinders 22, and at least one device 10 may
have a drawbar 25 inte~nded for drawing this trailer-like
as6embly by a lorry 26. :
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The more detailed illustration of the front part 10 in a
préferred embodiment shown on fig. 3 depicts a carrying
frame 30 built up mainly from rectangular hollow steel
profiles. The lower part of the frame consist6 mainly of a
transversely extending bar 32 with tapered ends 34 and
welded together with two hollow columns 36 that are open
upwards. As illustrated in fig. 4 and S, the columns 36
contains each an inner column 38 that rests slidingly on ~ -
the inner surfaces of column 36, the column 38 being welded
to a transversely extending bar 40 thus constituting in
main the upper part of the carrying frame 30. ~he upper and
lower parts are mutually displaceable by second extending
means constituted by double-acting hydraulic cylinders 42
fixed by through-going bushings 44 and 46 welded in the
columns 36 and 38 respectively.
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In order to let the carrying frame be connected with the
corner fittings 48 on the container 20, the extremities of
the bar 40 are provided with container locks 50 as shown on
the upper part in fig. 3 and the extremities of the bar 32
with reotangular holes 52 as shown on the lower part, the
holes 52 b~ing dimensioned for also accomodating container
loc~s. The locks 50 together with locks in the holes 52 are
used when connecting a oontainer 20 endwise to the devices
10,12. To the underside of the bar 40 there is provided
eyelets 54 for the attachment of carrying means such as ;-
chains. The bar 40 is also provided with a through-going
hole with a bushing 56 which serves as an attachment when
handling the device 10,12 with a crane.
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The bars 32 and 40 of one of the devices 10,12 are h
preferably provided with a two-piece ladder 58, the pieces
being slidably connected as to accomodate to the mutual
movements of the bars 32,40.
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To secure the mutual~position of the upper and lower part --
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in the pushed-together state when working with the device
the columns 36 are furnished with a slanted plate 60 ln
which there i8 made a out-out 62 and the upper bar 40 has a
pivotably mounted threaded rod 64 fitting to the cut-out
62. A nut 66 may be t~ghtened to the plate 60 thus holding
the parts together.
The upper part i~ provided with a push-rod 68 swivelably
connected by a tap 70 at one end of the bar 40. At the
other end of the bar 40 there i6 provided locking means in
the form of a so-called twist-lock 72 which is a standard
means for e.g. connecting stacked ISO-containers. In the
twist-lock an elongate member 74 is designed to rest in a
correspondingly shaped hole 76 in a plate element 78 placed
elevated over and parallel with the bar ~0. The push-rod 68
itself is built up as mutually displaceable, preferably
telescopic arranged elements 79 and 80. The first element
79 has a slit 82 in which a pin 84 on the element 80 is
guided. In order to absorb push forces in the rod 68 a
swingable arrester-hook 86 is provided on the element 79 as
to engage the pin 84 when moving in one direction. The tap
84 may be released again by manually swinging the arre6ter-
hook in the position shown on fig. 6. The pushrod 68 is
furthermore provided with two rubber pads, a short 86 and a
long one 88, to avoid concentrated loads when the rod 68 is
used when heaving the lower part as shown on fig. 13. The
long pad 88 is fixed to the slidable element 80 at one end
and to a slidable cuf f 90 around the f irst element 79 at
the other.
As shown on f ig. 8 the upper part may be provided with a
hook device 92 at eaah end in order to heave up the device
10,12 when mounting the device at the ends of an IS0-
container.
The outer ends of the bar 32 are preferably designed as
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shown on fig. 10, where above the hole 52 is welded a
secondary eyelet 94 for the attachment of pulling mean6 a~
chains. The eyelet's web 96 i~ slanted relat~vely to the
bar 32 in order to avoid asymetrical forces from a chain
connected to the upper corners of a container 20 facing its -
side to the device 10,}2. In a cut-out of the eyelet' 6 web
96 i8 welded a bushing 98 containing a movable locking
piece 100 consisting of a rod shaped with a handle 102 and
a locking pin 104. A stop 106 is welded to the bar 32 in
order to secure the piece 100 in the locked position. ~
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Other details in the preferred embodiment of the invention
are shown on fig. 9 and 11.
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A draw-bar 25 provided on both the front device 10 and the -
rear device 12 has auxillary double driving wheels 107 with
handlebar 108 as shown on fig. 9 or a single wheel 109 as
shown on fig. 11. The draw-bar 25 is detachable and/or may
be swung to an uprlght po~ition when not in use. The draw-
bar 25 mounted on the front device 10 may be differ in
detalls from the draw-bar 25 in the rear devlce 12 in that
the front draw-bar 25 has a not shown hydraulic cylinder
connected with the brakes of the maln driving wheels 24 as .
to make an overrun brake activated by the pushing force ;~
transmitted from the vehicle 26 in front. Also, the front il;
draw-bar 25 is swivelably connected with a not shown
conventional steering mechanism for a vehicle mounted on
the undercarriage 23 of the front device 10, the steering
mechanism being lockable e.g. by a rod between the
undercarriage 23 and the bar 25 as to avoid tranversal
movements of the device 10 when lifting containers 20.
Furthermore, it is preferred to make the main wheel axle on
the rear device 12 pivotable around a longitud nal axis,
thus making it possible f~r the rear main wheel set to
compensate for uneven ground.
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It is also preferred to furnish each device 10,12 with
mudguards 110 facing in the normal driving direotlon, one
mudguard 110 on each device 10,12 at the same time serving
a~ support for instruments and manual valves for
controlling the hydraulic cylinders 22 and 42. ~he valves
and in6truments may be protected under a pivotable hood
111. The power to this hydraulic system i8 derived from a
hydraulic power paGk 112 pivotably suspended between the
two longitudinal beam6 114 of the undercarriage 23. The
power pack 112 consists of reservoir 118 for hydraulic oil
and a combustion engine 116 driving a not shown hydraulic
pump.
In order to let the carrying frame 30 lean backwards as
shown on flg. 11 without overstraining the connections
between undercarriage 23, main cylinders 22 and carrying
frame 30 a detachable and preferably telescopic ~trut 120
may be fastened to the upper part and the draw-bar 25
respeatively. To obtain the configuration shown on fig. 11
the main cylinders 22 are in their compressed 6tate and the
internal cylinders 42 in an extended position. In such a
case, the weight of the upper part, e8pecially the bar 40,
causes the centre of gravity of the device 10,12 to be
moved to a vertical line passing between the driving wheels
24 and 107,109, whereby each device 10,12 as shown on fig.
11 takes up the least possible space ~or transport and in
addition is movable on its own wheels. In the preferred
embodiment of the invention a set of devices 10,12 may be -
stowed in a twenty feet flatrack.
In the preferred embodiment there is also mounted a not
shown roller centrally at the lower edge of the bar 32,
thereby facilitating small movements of the device 10,12 in
the configuration shown on fig. 12.
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When lifting a container 20 standing on the ground as shown
on fig. 11, a device aacordlng to the invention may be
positioned along each side of the container and chains 122
of equal length are connected from eyelets 94 to the upper
corners of the container 20. When the main cylinders 22 are
extended, the centre of gravity moves, eventually tipping
the device 10,12 to a position where the bar 32 rests on
the ground and thus tightening the chains. If the device ~-
10,12 have not been placed centrally at the container side,
the chains will force the device 10,12 to take up a central
positlon.
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After that, and also in all other cases when lifting twenty
feet or forty feet ISO-oontalners or flatracks chains 122
are fastened to the eyelets 54 and to the lower
cornerfittings 48 of the container 20. The pushrods 68 are ;~
swung out and extended to a position where the twistloc~s
72 may engage holes 124 in the formerly mentioned plate
piece 78 a~d where the arrester-hooks 86 engage the pins
84. The twistlocks 72 are turned one-quarter thus locking
into the holes 124. Two braces 126 as shown on fig. 20 are
then put through the fork-holes that are standard on most
twenty feet containers; in the case of missing fork-holes
as on forty feet containers the container 20 has to be
jacked up and the braces 126 put under the container 20.
~he brace6 126 have containerlocks 128 at their ends, the
locks 128 being put through the holes 52 on the bar 32 and
turned one-quarter in order to absorb pull forces between
the lower parts of two facing devices 10 and 12.
In the absence of suitable jacks the devices 10,12 may
themselves be used as such. In a hole 129 in the middle of
the bar 32 a containerlock may be fastened. The devices
10,12 are the placed at one end of the container 20 facing
each other and with the containerlock in line with the ~
lower cornerfittings 48. By connecting the centrally -
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mounted containerlocks to the fittings 48 it i~ now
possible to elevate one end of the container 20.
When lifting from the ground the cylinders 42 are in a
compressed state at the initial, but speaking about
unloading vehicles 130,as shown on fig. 13, the cylinders
42 are extended in order to let the push-rod 68 reach over
the top of the container 20. After connectlng the devices -
10,12 the lower part of the carrying frame may be pulled up
in height with the lower edge of the container while the
push-rods 68 rest on top of the container 20. Therea~ter
braces 126 and chains 122 may be applied as described in
the above and by extending the main cylinders 22 a little
the container 20 is lifted up from the platform of the
15 vehicle 130 which then may be removed and the container 20
subsequently lowered to the ground.
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In order to increase safety when driving with a container
20 in the way shown on ~lg. 2, a securlty devl~e 134 may be
20 applied between the lower part of the carrying frame 30 and
the ad~acent cornerfitting 48 on the container 20. The
device 134 consists of a plate piece with a container lock
136 and a locking hole 138 shaped to receive the locking
piece 100 with pin 104. As seen on fig. 18 the hole in the
25 cornerfitting 48 may receive the container lock 136
whereafter the device 134 i6 rotated one-quarter making it
possible to engage the hole 138 with the piece 100 and
securing it by turning the handle 102. In addition, to
comply with traffic rules for vehicles there may be a not
30 shown connection by chains or wires from the front device
10 to the rear device 12 under the container when the
devices 10,12 are mounted endwise for driving on public
roads.
35 Several other embodiments are of course possible, such as ;
double-axled bogies on each device. ;;~
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The device according to the invention may be varied in a
number of ways without departing from the scope of the
claims. E.g. all chains mentioned above may be wires, the ~:
S brace 126 may be substituted by chains or wires, and the - ~-
carrylng means de~ignat,ed 122 in the above may be
supplemented by levers connected to the lower part of the
carrying frame. Also, the push-rod 68 may be embodied in a -
number of other ways.
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