METHODE D'APPLICATION D'UNE COMPOSITION HYDROFUGE EN DISPERSION AQUEUSE

METHOD FOR APPLYING A WATER REPELLANT COMPOSITION WITH A WATER CARRIER

Abrégé anglais

A method for treating siliceous and carbon central
structures with a water repellant composition wherein an
affective amount of water repellant composition is dispersed
in water and the mixture then is applied in a continuous
process after the mixing to the structure to be treated. The
methods also contemplate increasing the depth of penetration
of a silane into the structure to be treated by applying
subsequent applications of silane to the structure to be
treated.

Revendications

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method for treating siliceous and or carbon
central structures at a site with a water repellant
composition comprising the steps of:
mixing a water repellant composition with water to
obtain a dispersion of water and water repellant composition;
and
applying the dispersion of water repellant
composition and water to the structure in a continuous process
at the site immediately within about 5 seconds after the water
repellant composition and the water are mixed; and wherein the
water repellant composition comprises a silane or siloxane or
combinations thereof and, wherein the silane has the general
formula:
R m-Si_X4-m
wherein
m is 0 or 1 or 2 or 3;
X is a halogen, hydroxyl, R or R1 ;
R is an alkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon
atoms, hydrogen, an alkoxy group, an alkenyl group, an aryl
group, a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkenyl group, an arylalkyl
group, or an arylalkenyl group, and R1 being an alkyl group
containing from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl
group, or an alkoxyalkyl group; and wherein the siloxane has
the general formula:
-19-

<IMG>
wherein R2 is the same or different moiety of an alkyl
containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, an alkenyl
containing up to about 8 carbon atoms, an aryl or a
cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, arylalkyl or arylalkenyl wherein the
cyclo substituent contains from about 4 to about 8 carbon
atoms, the alkyl substituent contains from 1 to about 8 carbon
atoms, the alkenyl substituent contains up to about 8 carbon
atoms, and y is an integer of from 2 to about 100; and wherein
W is a halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, aryl or alkoxy.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of mixing the
water repellant composition with the water is defined further
to include the steps of:
passing water repellant composition under pressure
via a water repellant composition stream;
passing water in a water stream;
mixing the water with the water repellant
composition under pressure for mixing the water repellant
composition with the water to form the dispersion of water and
water repellant composition; and
-20-

wherein the step of applying the dispersion to the
structure is defined further to include the step of passing
the dispersion of water repellant composition and water under
pressure onto the structure to be treated.
3. The method of claim 1 defined further to include the
step of:
applying a subsequent application of water repellant
composition to the structure to be treated for increasing the
depth of penetration.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of mixing the
water repellant composition with the water is defined further
to include:
passing water under pressure via a water stream;
passing the water repellant composition into the
water stream for mixing with the water; and
wherein the step of applying the dispersion to the
structure is defined further to include the step:
passing the dispersion of water repellant
composition and water under pressure onto the structure.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of mixing the
water repellant composition with the water is defined further
to include the steps of:
passing water under pressure through a
venturi-orifice;
-21-

passing the water repellant composition into the
water in the venturi-orifice for mixing with the water to form
the dispersion of water and water repellant composition; and
passing the dispersion of water repellant
composition and water from the venturi-orifice to the
structure to be treated.
6. The method of claim 5 defined further to include the
step of:
passing the dispersion of water and water repellant
composition through a spray nozzle, and the dispersion of
water and water repellant composition from the spray nozzle
being passed onto the structure to be treated.
7. The method of claim 5 defined further to include the
step of:
metering the water repellant composition passed to
the venturi-orifice for mixing a predetermined amount of water
repellant composition with the water being passed through the
venturi-orifice.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of mixing the
water repellant composition with water is defined further to
include the steps of:
passing water in a water stream to a pump;
passing water repellant composition in a water
repellant composition stream to the pump;
-22-

combining the water stream and the water repellant
composition stream prior to or simultaneously with passing the
water and the water repellant composition to the pump; and
passing the dispersion of water and water repellant
composition to the pump;
pumping the dispersion of water and water repellant
composition through a spray nozzle for spraying the dispersion
of water and water repellant composition onto the structure to
be treated.
9. The method of claim 8 defined further to include the
step of:
metering the water in the water stream to provide a
predetermined amount of water prior to mixing the water and
the water repellant composition.
10. The method of claim 8 defined further to include the
step of metering the water repellant composition prior to
mixing the water and the water repellant composition for
providing a predetermined amount of water repellant
composition for mixing with the water.
11. A method for increasing the depth of penetration of
a water repellant composition into a siliceous structure to be
treated comprising the steps of:
applying the water repellant composition to the
structure to be treated; and
applying a second application of the water repellant
-23-

composition to the structure to be treated; and
wherein the water repellant composition is a silane
having the general formula:
R m-Si-X4-m
wherein
m is 0 or 1 or 2 or 3 ;
X is a halogen, hydroxyl, R or R1
R is an alkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon
atoms, hydrogen, an alkoxy group, an alkenyl group, an aryl
group, a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkenyl group, an arylalkyl
group, or an arylalkenyl group, and R1 being an alkyl group
containing from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl
group, or an alkoxyalkyl group.
12. The method of claim 11 defined further to include
the step of:
applying subsequent applications, after the second
application of the water repellant to the structure to be
treated.
13. The method of claim 11 wherein the step of applying
the second application is defined further as applying the
second application after permitting the structure to be
treated to appear relatively dry.
-24-

14. The method of claim 1 defined further to include the
step of:
applying subsequent applications of the water
repellant composition to the structure to be treated for
improving the treatment's performance or appearance or for
revitalizing the treatment's performance or appearance.
15. A method for treating siliceous and or carbon
central structures at a site with a water repellant
composition comprising the steps of:
mixing a water repellant composition with water to
obtain a dispersion of water and water repellant composition;
applying the dispersion of water repellant
composition and water to the structure in a continuous process
at the site for applying the water repellant composition to
structure immediately within about 5 seconds after the water
repellant composition and the water are mixed; and wherein
the water repellant composition comprises a silane, and
wherein the silane has the general formula:
R m-Si-X4-m
wherein
m i s 0 or 1 or 2 or 3;
X is a halogen, hydroxyl, R or R1;
R is an alkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon
atoms, hydrogen, an alkoxy group, an alkenyl group, an aryl
group, a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkenyl group, an arylalkyl
group, or an arylalkenyl group, and R1 being an alkyl group
containing from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, a
-25-

hydroxyalkyl group, or an alkoxyalkyl group.
16. The method of claim 15 defined further to include
the step of:
applying a subsequent application of water repellant
composition to the structure to be treated for increasing the
depth of penetration.
17. The method of claim 15 defined further to include
the step of:
applying subsequent applications of the water
repellant composition to the structure to be treated for
improving the treatment's performance or appearance or for
revitalizing the treatment's performance or appearance.
18. The method of claim 15 wherein the step of mixing
the water repellant composition with the water is defined
further to include:
passing water under pressure via a water stream;
passing the water repellant composition into the
water stream for mixing with the water; and
wherein the step of applying the dispersion to the
structure is defined further to include the step:
passing the dispersion of water repellant
composition and water under pressure onto the structure.
19. The method of claim 15 wherein the step of mixing
the water repellant composition with the water is defined
-26-

further to include the steps of:
passing water under pressure through a
venturi-orifice;
passing the water repellant composition into the
water in the venturi-orifice for mixing with the water to form
the dispersion of water and water repellant composition; and
passing the dispersion of water repellant
composition and water from the venturi-orifice to the
structure to be treated.
20. The method of claim 19 defined further to include
the step of:
passing the dispersion of water and water repellant
composition through a spray nozzle, and the dispersion of
water and water repellant composition from the spray nozzle
being passed onto the structure to be treated.
21. The method of claim 19 defined further to include
the step of:
metering the water repellant composition passed to
the venturi-orifice for mixing a predetermined amount of water
repellant composition with the water being passed through the
venturi-orifice.
22. The method of claim 15 wherein the step of mixing
the water repellant composition with water is defined further
to include the steps of:
-27-

passing water in a water stream to a pump;
passing water repellant composition in a water
repellant composition stream to the pump;
combining the water stream and the water repellant
composition stream prior to or simultaneously with passing the
water and the water repellant composition to the pump; and
passing the dispersion of water and water repellant
composition to the pump;
pumping the dispersion of water and water repellant
composition through a spray nozzle for spraying the dispersion
of water and water repellant composition onto the structure to
be treated.
23. The method of claim 22 defined further to include
the step of:
metering the water in the water stream to provide a
predetermined amount of water prior to mixing the water and
the water repellant composition.
24. The method of claim 22 defined further to include
the step of metering the water repellant composition prior to
mixing the water and the water repellant composition for
providing a predetermined amount of water repellant
composition for mixing with the water.
25. The method of claim 15 wherein the step of mixing
the water repellant composition with the water is defined
further to include the steps of:
-28-

passing water repellant composition under pressure
via a water repellant composition stream;
passing water in a water stream;
mixing the water with the water repellant
composition under pressure for mixing the water repellant
composition with the water to form the dispersion of water and
water repellant composition; and wherein the step of applying
the dispersion to the structure is defined further to include
the step of passing the dispersion of water repellant
composition and water under pressure onto the structure to be
treated.
26. A method for rendering normally water wettable
objects or structures water repellant at a site with a water
repellant composition comprising the steps of:
mixing a water repellant composition with water to
obtain a dispersion of water and water repellant composition
and applying the dispersion of water repellant composition and
water to the structure in a continuous process at the site
immediately within about 5 seconds after the water repellant
composition and the water are mixed.
27. The method of claim 26 wherein the step of mixing
the water repellant composition with the water is defined
further to include:
passing water under pressure via a water stream;
passing the water repellant composition into the
water stream for mixing with the water; and
-29-

wherein the step of applying the dispersion to the
structure is defined further to include the step:
passing the dispersion of water repellent
composition and water under pressure onto the structure.
28. The method of claim 26 wherein the step of mixing
the water repellent composition with the water is defined
further to include the steps of:
passing water under pressure through a
venturi-orifice;
passing the water repellent composition into the
water in the venturi-orifice for mixing with the water to form
the dispersion of water and water repellent composition; and
passing the dispersion of water repellent
composition and water from the venturi-orifice to the
structure to be treated.
29. The method of claim 28 defined further to include
the step of:
passing the dispersion of water and water repellent
composition through a spray nozzle, and the dispersion of
water and water repellent composition from the spray nozzle
being passed onto the structure to be treated.
30. The method of claim 28 defined further to include
the step of:
metering the water repellent composition passed to
the venturi-orifice for mixing a predetermined amount of water
-30-

repellant composition with the water being passed through the
venturi-orifice.
31. The method of claim 28 wherein the step of mixing
the water repellant composition with water is defined further
to include the steps of:
passing water in a water stream to a pump;
passing water repellant composition in a water
repellant composition stream to the pump;
combining the water stream and the water repellant
composition stream prior to or simultaneously with passing the
water and the water repellant composition to the pump; and
passing the dispersion of water and water repellant
composition to the pump;
pumping the dispersion of water and water repellant
composition through a spray nozzle for spraying the dispersion
of water and water repellant composition onto the structure to
be treated.
32. The method of claim 31 defined further to include
the step of:
metering the water in the water stream to provide a
predetermined amount of water prior to mixing the water and
the water repellant composition.
33. The method of claim 31 defined further to include
the step of metering the water repellant composition prior to
mixing the water and the water repellant composition for
-31-

providing a predetermined amount of water repellant
composition for mixing with the water.
34. The method of claim 26 wherein the step of mixing
the water repellant composition with the water is defined
further to include the steps of:
passing water repellant composition under pressure
via a water repellant composition stream;
passing water in a water stream;
mixing the water with the water repellant
composition under pressure for mixing the water repellant
composition with the water to form the dispersion of water and
water repellant composition; and
wherein the step of applying the dispersion to the
structure is defined further to include the step of passing
the dispersion of water repellant composition and water under
pressure onto the structure to be treated.
35. The method of claim 26 defined further to include
the step of:
applying subsequent applications of the water
repellant composition to the structure to be treated for
improving the treatment's performance or appearance or for
revitalizing the treatment's performance or appearance.
36. A method for applying a water repellant composition
to a structure to be treated using a garden hose connectable
to a water outlet and a dispenser adapted to hold a quantity
-32-

of the water repellant composition and being connectable to
the garden hose for passing the water repellant composition
into the water running through the garden hose comprising the
steps of:
placing a quantity of the water repellant
composition in the dispenser;
connecting the dispenser to the garden hose;
passing water through the garden hose so water
repellant composition from the dispenser is mixed with the
water to obtain a dispersion of water and water repellant
composition; and
passing the dispersion from the garden hose and onto
the structure to be treated immediately within about 5 seconds
after the water repellant composition and the water are mixed.
37. The method of claim 36 wherein the water repellant
composition comprises a silane having the general formula:
R m-Si-X4-m
wherein
m is 0 or 1 or 2 or 3;
X is a halogen, hydroxyl, R or R1
R is an alkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon
atoms, hydrogen, an alkoxy group, an alkenyl group, an aryl
group, a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkenyl group, an arylalkyl
group, or an arylalkenyl group, and R1 being an alkyl group
containing from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, a
hydroxyalkyl group, or an alkoxyalkyl group.
-33-

38. The method of claim 36 wherein the water repellant
composition comprises a siloxane having the general formula:
<IMG>
wherein R2 is the same or different moiety of an alkyl
containing from 1 to about 30 carbons.
-34-

Description

CA 02014341 1999-08-26
1
METHOD FOR APPLYING A WATER REPELLANT
- COMPOSITION WITH A WATER CARRIER
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to methods for
applying water repellent compositions to structures and, more
particularly, but not by way of limitation, to a method for
applying a water repellent composition to a structure utilizing
a water carrier.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Broadly, there is provided a method for treating
siliceous and/or carbon central structures at a site with a
water repellent composition comprising the steps of: mixing an
effective amount of water repellent composition with water to
obtain a dispersion of water and water repellent composition;
applying the dispersion of water repellent composition and water
to the structure in a continuous process at the site immediately
within.about 5 seconds after the water repellent composition and
the water are mixed; and wherein the water repellent
composition comprises a silane or siloxane or combination
thereof and, wherein the silane has the general formula: a
silane or a siloxane or combination thereof; and wherein the
silane has the general formula:
A
A-~ ~~~n )-A
wherein the siloxane has the general formula:

CA 02014341 1999-08-26
2
A A
A - ( [Si-O ]n ) -Si -A
A
wherein Si is silicon: 0 is oxygen; n is a positive integer;
and A is selected from the group consisting of H, R, or X: H is
a hydrogen atom; R is selected from the group consisting of an
alkyl containing from about 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an alkenyl
group, an aryl group, a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkenyl group,
an arylalkyl group, an arylalkenyl group, or any substituted
group thereof wherein the cyclo substituent contains from about
4 to about 8 carbon atoms, the alkyl substituent contains up to
about 8 carbon atoms and the alkenyl substituent contains up to
about 8 carbon atoms; X is selected from a group consisting of
a halogen, hydroxyl group, OR group wherein 0 is oxygen, a
carboxylic group, or RNR or RNH wherein N is nitrogen; and with
the proviso that at least one A is X, and at least one A is R in
the composition.
More.particularly, according to one aspect of the
present invention there is provided a method for treating
siliceous and or carbon central structures at a site with a
water repellant composition comprising the steps of:
mixing a water repellant composition with water to
obtain a dispersion of water and water repellant composition;
and
applying the dispersion of water repellant composition
and water to the structure in a continuous process at the site
immediately within about 5 seconds after the water repellant
composition and the water are mixed; and wherein the water
repellant composition comprises a silane or siloxane or

CA 02014341 1999-08-26
3
combinations thereof and, wherein the silane has the general
formula:
Rm-Si-X4-m
wherein
m is 0 or 1 or 2 or 3;
X is halogen, hydroxyl, R or R1
R is an alkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms,
hydrogen, an alkoxy group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, a
cycloalkyl group, cycloalkenyl group, an arylalkyl group, or an
arylalkenyl group, and R1 being an alkyl group containing from 1
to about 8 carbon atoms,a hydroxyalkyl group, or an alkoxyalkyl
group; and wherein the siloxane has the general formula:
w3 Si0 Si-O SiW3
R2
Y
wherein R2 is the same or different moiety of an alkyl
containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, an alkenyl
containing up to about 8 carbon atoms, an aryl or a cycloalkyl,
cycloalkenyl, arylalkyl or arylalkenyl wherein the cyclo
substituent contains from about 4 to about 8 carbon atoms, the
alkyl substituent contains from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, the
alkenyl substituent contains up to about 8 carbon atoms, and y
is an integer of from 2 to about 100; and wherein W is a
halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, aryl, or alkoxy.
There is also broadly provided a method for increasing
the depth of penetration of a water repellant composition into a
siliceous structure to be treated comprising the steps of:
applying the water repellant composition to the structure to be
treated; and applying a second application of the water
repellant composition to the structure to be treated; and

CA 02014341 1999-08-26
3a
wherein the water repellant composition is a silane having the
general formula:
A
A - ~ ~~~~n ) - A
A
wherein Si is silicon; 0 is oxygen; n is a positive integer;
and A is selected from the group consisting of H, R or X: H is
a hydrogen atom; R is selected from the group consisting of an
alkyl containing from about 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, an
alkenyl group, an aryl group, a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkenyl
group, an arylalkyl group, an arylakenyl group, or any
substituted group thereof wherein the cyclo substituent contains
from about 4 to about 8 carbon atoms, the alkyl substituent
contains up to about 8 carbon atoms and the alkenyl substituent
contains up to about 8 carbon atoms; X is selected from a group
consisting of a halogen, hydroxyl group, OR group wherein O is
oxygen, a carboxylic group, or RNR or RNH wherein N is nitrogen;
and with the proviso that at least one A is X, and at least one
A is R in the composition.
More particularly, according to another aspect of the
present invention there is provided a method for increasing the
depth of penetration of a water repellant composition into a
siliceous structure to be treated comprising the steps of:
applying the water repellant composition to the
structure to be treated: and
applying a second application of the water repellant
composition to the structure to be treated; and
wherein the water repellant composition is a silane
having the general formula:
Rm-Si-X4-m
wherein
m is 0 or 1 or 2 or 3;
X is a halogen, hydroxyl, R or R1

CA 02014341 1999-08-26
3b
R is an alkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms,
hydrogen, an alkoxy group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, a
cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkenyl group, an arylalkyl group, or
an arylalkenyl group, and R1 being an alkyl group containing
from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl group, or an
alkoxyalkyl group.
According to yet another aspect of the present
invention, there is provided a method of rendering normally
water wettable objects or structures water repellent at a site
with a water repellent composition comprising the steps of:
mixing an effective amount of water repellent composition with
water to obtain a dispersion of water and water repellent
composition and applying the dispersion of water repellent
composition and water to the structure in a continuous process
at the site immediately within about 5 seconds after the water
repellent composition and water are mixed.
According to a further aspect of the invention, there
is provided a method for applying a water repellent composition
to a structure to be treated using a garden hose connectable to
a water outlet and a dispenser adapted to hold

2011
4
a quantity of the water repellent composition and being
connectable to the garden hose for passing the water repellent
composition into the water running through the garden hose
comprising the steps of: placing a quantity of the water
repellent composition in the dispenser;
connecting the dispenser to the garden hose;
passing water through the garden hose so water repellent
composition from the dispenser is mixed with the water to
obtain a dispersion of water and water repellent composition;
and passing the dispersion from the garden hose and onto the
structure to be treated immediately within about 5 second
after the water repellent composition and the water are mixed.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a schematic representation of one
embodiment of the method of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a system
showing one other embodiment of the method of the present
invention.
Figure 3 is a schematic representation of yet
another embodiment of the method of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The present invention provides a method for treating
siliceous structures and/or carbon central structures with a'~
water repellent composition utilizing a water carrier. In
accordance with the method of the present invention, an
effective amount of water repellent composition is mixed with
water and the resulting dispersion of water repellent
composition and water is applied to the structure to be

CA 02014341 1999-08-26
treated in a continuous process.
The water repellant compositions used in the present
invention can be selected from commercially available water
repellant compositions or may comprise a silane or siloxane or
combinations thereof (sometimes referred to herein as the active
ingredient).
The silane is broadly represented by the general
structure or formula:
A
A-< <~~n )-A
wherein Si is silicon; 0 is oxygen; n is a positive integer; and
A is selected from the group consisting of H, R, or X: H is a
hydrogen atom; R is selected from the group consisting of an
alkyl containing from about 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an alkenyl
group, an aryl group, a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkenyl group,
an arylalkyl group, an aryalkenyl group, or any substituted
group thereof wherein the cyclo substituent contains from about
4 to about 8 carbon atoms, the substituent contains up to about
8 carbon atoms and the alkenyl substituent contains up to about
8 carbon atoms; X is selected from a group consisting of a
halogen, hydroxyl group, OR group wherein 0 is oxygen, a
carboxylic group, or RNR or RNH wherein N is nitrogen; and with
the proviso that at least one A is X, and at least one A is R in
the composition.
More particularly, the silane is represented by the
general formula:
Rm_Si_X4-m
wherein
m is 0 or 1 or 2 or 3;
X is a halogen, hydroxyl, R or R1;
R is an alkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms,
hydrogen, an alkoxy group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, a

CA 02014341 1999-08-26
6
cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkenyl group, an arylalkyl group, or
an arylalkenyl group, and R1 being an alkyl group containing
from about 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a hydroxylalkyl group, or an
alkoxyalkyl group.
The siloxane is broadly represented by the general
structure or formula:
A A
A - ( [Si-O ]n ) -Si -A
A
wherein Si is silicon; O is oxygen; n is a positive integer;
and A is selected from the group consisting of H, R, or X: H is
a hydrogen atom; R is selected from the group consisting of an
alkyl containing from about 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, an
alkenyl group, an aryl group, a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkenyl
group, an arylalkyl group, arylalkenyl group, or any substituted
group thereof wherein the cyclo substituent contains from about
4 to about 8 carbon atoms, the alkyl substituent contains up to
about 8 carbon atoms and the alkenyl substituent contains up to
about 8 carbon atoms; X is selected from a group consisting of
a halogen, hydroxyl group, OR group wherein 0 is oxygen, a
carboxylic group, or RNR or RNH wherein N is nitrogen; and with
the proviso that at least one A is X, and at least one A is R in
the composition.
More particularly, the siloxane has the general
formula:
W3 Si0 Si-O SiW3
R2
v

CA 02014341 1999-08-26
6a
wherein R2 is the same or different moiety of an alkyl
' containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, an alkenyl
containing up to about 8 carbon atoms, an aryl or a cycloalkyl,
cycloalkenyl, arylalkyl or arylalkenyl wherein the cyclo
substituent contains from about 4 to about 8 carbon atoms, the
alkyl substituent contains from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, the
alkenyl substituent contains up to about 8 carbon atoms, and y
is an integer of from 2 to about 100; and wherein W is a
halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, aryl or alkoxy.
The water repellent composition may be a substantially
pure silane or siloxane or combinations thereof, or the water
repellent composition may be a silane or siloxane solvent. In
one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water
repellent composition is a pure silane or siloxane, not in a
hydrocarbon or alcohol or other solvents such as glycol, so the
present invention provides a means of applying a silane or
siloxane to a structure to be rendered water repellent utilizing
a water carrier thereby eliminating the use of hydrocarbon,
alcohol, or other solvents which may not be desirable in some
applications.

201~~1
A catalyst may be added to the water repellant
composition. Effective catalyst can be titanium
acetylacetonate or dibutyl tin dilaurate. It has been found
that the active ingredient in a pure form or in a medium and
a catalyst of only dibutyl tin dilaurate is effective for
treating concrete or masonry and the amount of the active
ingredient can be substantially reduced. However, this
composition was not as effective for treating carbon central
structures.
Further, it has been found that the active
ingredient in a pure form or in a medium and a catalyst of
only titanium acetylacetonate is effective for treating carbon
central structures. However, this composition was not as
effective for treating siliceous structures.
However, a water repellant composition comprising
the active ingredient in a pure form or in a medium and a
catalyst of dibutyl tin dilaurate and titanium acetylacetonate
has been found to be effective in treating siliceous
structures as well as carbon central structures to render such
structures water repellant.
The catalyst, dibutyl tin dilaurate and titanium
acetylacetonate, can be present in the water repellant
composition in a range from less than about one percent (1%)
to about twenty-five percent (25%) by weight of the active
ingredient. Solutions or emulsions or dispersions containing
as little as about one (1%) to about ten (10%) by weight of
the active ingredient have been found to be effective for
treating siliceous and carbon central structures for rendering
such structures substantially water repellant.
The present invention is useful for treating
siliceous structures and or carbon central structures having
available hydroxy (OH) groups. Siliceous structures includes
such structures as commonly referred to as concrete and

8
masonry. Carbon central structures as used herein means
structures that are characterized by a central carbon atom as
opposed to a central silicon atom in siliceous structures, and
which have available hydroxy groups. These carbon central
structures can be either organic such as leather, paper or
wood, or inorganic such as limestone or dolomite. The term
"siliceous structure and/or carbon central structure" as used
herein includes soil since the present invention also is
useful for treating soil for soil stabilization and adobe or
ram earth structures because the present invention is useful
for treating adobe or ram earth bricks for water repellency.
As used herein "medium" means a carrier such as
alcohol, water, hydrocarbon or glycol which may be mixed with
the water repellant composition. In the present invention,
the water repellant composition is mixed with or dispersed in
water and applied to the surface to be treated, and the water__
repellant composition to be dispersed in the water carrier may
be essentially pure or mixed with a medium, as that term
"medium" is used herein. The present invention is not limited
to any particular medium.
As illustrated in Figure 1, the method of the
present invention is carried out by providing a pressurized
water source 10 and a water repellant composition source 12.
A pressurized water stream 14 is passed from the pressurized
water source 10 into a venturi-orifice 16. A water repellant
composition stream 18 is passed from the water repellant
composition source 12 through a metering device 20 into the
venturi-orifice 16.
The metering device 20 meters the amount of water
repellant composition being passed from the water repellant
composition source 12 into the venturi-orifice 16. The water
in the water stream 14 is mixed with the water repellant
composition in the water repellant composition stream 18 in

201~~~1
9
the venturi-orifice 16 and the mixture comprising the water
and the water repellant composition is passed from the
venturi-orifice 16 in a stream 22 and through a spray nozzle
24. The mixture comprising the water repellant composition
and water is passed from the spray nozzle 24 in a stream 26
onto the structure to be treated designated in Figure 1 by the
reference numeral 28.
The venturi-orifice 16 utilizes the pressure in the
pressurized water source 10 to pump or suck the water
repellant composition from the water repellant source 12
through the metering device 20. The venturi-orifice 16 may
be a typical venturi structure or may simply comprise an
orifice. The venturi-orifice 16 also functions to facilitate
the thorough mixing of the water and the water repellant
composition. The venturi-orifice 16 also may function as the
spray nozzle 24 and, in this instance, the spray nozzle 24 may
be eliminated.
It is important to thoroughly mix the water and the
water repellant composition prior to the mixture being applied
to the structure to be treated in order to effectively treat
the structure to be treated 28 with water repellant
composition. The water serves as a carrier to carry the water
repellant composition to the structure to be treated and the
water functions to facilitate the penetration of the water
repellant composition into the structure to be treated. The
water acts as a dilutant to disperse the water repellant
composition to substantially prevent co-condensation of the
water repellant composition prior to the water repellant
composition being applied to the structure to be treated 28;
that is, the silane, siloxane or other water repellant
composition molecules are highly dispersed in the water and
therefore the tendency is for the molecules to react with or
adhere to the substrate to be treated rather than with one

10
another to form polymers or otherwise coalesce.
In one embodiment, the pressurized water source 10
may be the pressurized water source commonly available at
water outlets at commercial, residential or other structures.
In this embodiment, the pressurized water stream 14 is carried
to the venturi-orif ice 16 through a common garden hose . There
are various and numerous commercially available devices which
are connectable to the pressurized water source at commercial,
residential or other structures and which include a venturi-
orifice as the venturi-orifice 16 and a siphon tube connected
to the venturi-orifice 16 wherein the siphon tube is
disposable in a container containing a liquid such as the
water repellant composition for passing the water repellant
composition stream 18 to the venturi-orifice 16. These
commercially available devices or dispensers also commonly
include metering means such as the metering device 20 for
metering the amount of water repellant composition to be
passed to the venturi-orifice 16. One commercially available
device which might be used in the system illustrated in Figure
1 is commercially available from Gilmor Manufacturing Company
of Summerset, Pennsylvania and is referred to by their
designation "insecticide and fertilizer sprayer with metering
dial". In this embodiment, the present invention contemplates
a method for applying water repellant composition to the
structure to be treated utilizing a commercially available
sprayer connected to a garden hose which is connected to the
pressurized water source at a commercial or residential or
other structure.
Nothing stated herein should be interpreted to mean
or infer that commercially available sprayers have been used
in the past for applying water repellant composition. Such
sprayers commonly have been used for applying herbicides,
insecticides or fertilizers to living foliage.

2~~.~.~~41
11
Schematically shown in Figure 2 is one other
embodiment of the method of the present invention. As shown
in Figure 2, a water stream 30 is passed from a pressurized
water source 32 through a metering device 34. A pressurized
water repellant composition stream 36 is passed from a
pressurized water repellant composition source 38 through a
metering device 40. The pressurized water stream 30 and the
pressurized water repellant composition stream 36 are combined
for mixing the water repellant composition with the water, and
a combined water and water repellant composition stream 42 is
passed through a spray nozzle 44. A combined water and water
repellant composition stream 46 is passed from the spray
nozzle 44 onto a structure to be treated 48.
One other embodiment illustrating the method of the
present invention is shown in Figure 3 wherein a water stream
~50 is supplied from a water source 52 through a metering
device 54. Heat from a heat source 56 is applied to the water
stream 50 for heating the water stream 50 which may be desired
in some applications. A water repellant composition stream
58 is supplied from a water repellant composition source 60
through a metering device 62. Heat from a heat source 64 is
applied to the water repellant composition stream 58 for
heating the water repellant composition.
The water supply stream and the water repellant
composition stream are passed into each other and mixed to
some degree to form a mixture of water and water repellant
composition stream 66 which is supplied to the inlet of a pump
68. The pump 68 pumps the mixture of water and water
repellant composition and outputs a dispersion of water and
water repellant composition stream 70 which is passed through
a nozzle 72 and applied to a structure to be treated 74. In
addition to providing a source of energy for pumping the
mixture of water and water repellant composition, the pump 68

2~~~~~1
12
also functions to complete the thorough mixing of the water
and the water repellant composition prior to the mixture being
applied to the structure to be treated 74.
As shown in Figure 3, heat from a heat source 76 is
applied to the mixture stream 70 for heating the mixture
stream 70 prior to the mixture stream 70 being applied to the
structure to be treated which may be desired in some
instances.
It should be noted that it may be desirable in some
applications to eliminate any or all of the heat sources 56,
64 or 76. For example, only the heat source 76 may be
required in some applications or only the heat source 56 may
be required in some applications or only the heat source 56
and 64 may be required in some applications.
The term "water source" is used herein in connection
with the water sources 10, 32 and 52 shall include steam since
in some instances it may be desirable to use steam as the
medium for mixing with the water repellant composition to be
applied to the structure to be treated.
In its simplest form, the present invention
comprises adding a portion of water repellant composition and
a portion of water to container, agitating the container, and
immediately pouring or spraying the resulting dispersion onto
the surface to be rendered water repellant.
In one test, five cupcake shaped concrete blocks
were treated as follows: Specimen 1 was treated by putting
3 ml of isobutyltrimethoxy silane into a 100 ml graduated
cylinder. The cylinder then was filled with tap water (97 ml
of water), agitated vigorously, and the resulting dispersion
was poured immediately onto Specimen 1.
Specimens 2 through 5 were treated in the same
manner with increasing silane concentrations in the
dispersion. About 5 hours later, the 5 specimens were split

20~4~41
13
in half, and the fractured face was wetted for visual
observation of the silane penetration depth. All 5 specimens
appeared about the same with about 1/2 inch of silane
penetration as shown in Table I below:
TABLE I
SPECIMEN AMOUNT OF AMOUNT OF PENETRATION
NUMBER SILANE TAP WATER DEPTH
(ml ) (ml ~i ( inches)
1 3 97 1/2
2 6 94 1/2
3 9 91 1/2
4 12 88 1/2
5 15 85 1/2
In another test, one cupcake shaped concrete
specimen was treated by pouring 5 ml of N-octyltriethoxy
silane into a 100 ml of tap water, and vigorously agitate.
The resulting dispersion immediately was poured onto the
specimen. This specimen was split and visually checked for
depth of penetration. It appeared that the dispersion had
penetrated into the specimen to depth of about 1/4 inch.
In another test, a Gilmor garden spray unit of the
type described before was used to apply one pint of
isobutyltrimethoxy silane containing about 2% dibutyl tin
dilaurate to about 400 square feet of concrete and brick
surface. The spray unit's venturi meter was set to mix the
silane in the water at about 5% to about 6% silane by volume.
The treated surface became water repellant immediately and
showed a vivid water bead effect and high degree of water
repellency within about 1 hour or less.
In another test, a 100 ml graduated cylinder was
filled to about the 10 ml mark with isobutyltrimethoxy silane
and then about 1 ml of titanium acetyl acetonate was added.

2~~~~41
14
This water repellent composition was dispersed in water by
adding 89 ml of tap water and agitating vigorously. The
dispersion immediately was poured onto a piece of rough cedar
wood. The cedar became water repellent a few hours later.
Where the mixture of water and water repellent
composition is applied under pressure either because the water
source is pressurized or because the water repellent
composition source is pressurized or both or because the
mixture is pumped and outputted under pressure, it may be
possible to eliminate the cleaning of the surface of the
structure to be treated utilizing the process of the present
invention. The pressurized mixture of water and water
repellent composition applied to the structure to be treated
simultaneously would clean the surface of the structure to be
treated sufficiently to permit the water repellent composition
to migrate into the structure to be treated. It is not
necessary that the surface of the structure to be treated be
cleaned in an ordinary since, but rather that the debris be
moved so that the water repellent composition will have access
to the surface of the structure to be treated for proper
application.
In accordance with the present invention, the
mixture of water and water repellent composition is applied
to the structure to be treated in a continuous process about
immediately after mixing the water and the water repellent
composition. In some instances, depending on the length of
conduits or hoses, various times will elapse between the
mixing of the water and the water repellent composition and
the applying of the mixture to the structure to be treated.
The exact time is not significant as long as the mixture is
applied in a substantially continuous process after the mixing
of the water and water repellent composition at the site. The
mixture of water and water repellent composition is applied

2~14~4~
to the structure to be treated prior to substantial co-
condensation of the water repellant composition. In other
words, the silane or siloxane, or other water repellant
composition molecules are highly dispersed in the water and
5 therefore the tendency is for the silane or other molecules
to react with or adhere to the substrate to be treated rather
than with one another to form polymers or otherwise coalesce.
In most applications, it is contemplated that the mixture or
dispersion of water and water repellant composition will be
10 applied to the structure to be treated within a time range
from about less than five seconds to about less than five
minutes.
In some applications, the water and the water
repellant composition may be mixed at the site, temporarily
15 stored in a chamber at the site and subsequently applied to
the structure to be treated and, in this instance, this is
considered to be applied in a continuous process at the site.
The use of the term "in a continuous process at the site" as
used herein is intended to distinguish the present process
from applications where water repellant composition and water
are mixed in some manner, stored in containers and shipped to
the site for subsequent application to the structure to be
treated. The methods of the present invention do not include
or encompass the method just described in the last preceding
sentence.
Utilizing a silane of the structure described
before, it also has been discovered that the depth of
penetration of the silane into the structure to be treated can
be increased by applying subsequent coats of the silane to the
surface of the structure to be treated. In this application,
the silane is applied to the surface of the structure to be
treated and after waiting at least a few minutes for the
structure to appear dry, a second coat of silane is applied

201~~4~
16
to the surface of the structure to be treated. Subsequent
coats can be applied in a similar manner for still further
increasing the depth of penetration of the silane into the
structure to be treated.
This technique of increasing the depth of
penetration can be used in conjunction with the methods
described before in connection with Figures 1, 2 and 3 and
this technique of increasing the depth of penetration by
applying subsequent coats of the silane to the surface of the
structure to be treated can be used in connection with
applying either pure silane or silane in solution with a
medium without the water mixing step described before in
connection with Figures l, 2 and 3, or the water mixing step
may be utilized for the first application for simultaneously
cleaning the surface of the structure to be treated.
In one test, with respect to the increasing of the
depth of penetration of the silane, six uniform samples of
concrete identified as Ml, MZ, M3, M4, MS and M6 were treated in
the following manner:
A. Samples M1 and MZ were dipped in an
alktrialkoxysilane in a 40% solution with isopropyl
alcohol. The samples M1 and MZ were not further
treated with this silane solution.
B. Samples M3, M4, MS and M6 were retreated about one
week later by flooding the dry surface of the
samples M3, M4, MS and M6 with the 40% silane
solution. Samples M3 and M4 were not further
treated.
C. The samples MS and M6 were retreated a third time
after a few minutes lapse of time between the second
treatment of these samples MS and M6.
All of the samples, Ml, MZ, M3, M4, MS and M6 were
split open and the split surfaces wetted to visually check the

'A
~A~t~~
17
depth of penetration. The depth of penetration was visually
checked on Day 1 and again on Day 4, four days later, and the
results of these tests are indicated in Table I below.
TABLE II
SAMPLES DEPTH OF DEPTH OF
PENETRATION PENETRATION
(Inches) AVERAGE (Inches) AVERAGE
Day 1 INCHES DAY 4 INCHES
Ml 5/32 7/64 3/16 3/16
MZ 2/32 3/16
M3 3/16 7/32 1/4 1/4
M4 4/16 1/4
MS 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8
Ms 3/8 3/8
The differences between the depths of penetration
shown in Table I above for Day 1 and Day 4 for the same sample
probably were due to the fact that the treatment became more
visible after a lapse of time following the initial water
wetting for visible inspection. In any event, the tests
illustrated in Figure 1 above do show that subsequent
applications of silane to the surface to be treated did
significantly increase the depth of penetration of the silane
into the surface of the structure to be treated.
In one embodiment, a steam cleaning unit is fitted
with a chemical feed system of either a pump or venturi type
commonly used to supply detergents or acid/alkali solutions
for cleaning masonry structures such as reinforced concrete
bridge decks. The steam cleaning unit may be of the type
described in U.S. Patent No. 3,819,400, issued to Plankl, et
al., June 25, 1974, for example. In this instance, the
chemical being fed into the steam stream is the water
repellant composition. The unit thus equipped is used to
treat a dirty reinforced concrete bridge deck by forcing the
water repellant composition into the concrete to a depth of
A

18
about 3/8 of an inch or more, using the heat and pressure of
the steam jet to move the dirt, oils, films and other
contaminants while causing the water repellant composition to
rapidly migrate into the concrete structure. After the water
repellant composition has reacted, the outer 3/8 of an inch
of the structure becomes extremely dry due to its inherent
hydrophobic nature imparted by the water repellant
composition. A number of applications of solvent (medium)
solutions of silane water repellant composition can then be
sprayed onto the cleaned (pores opened) and hydrophobically
dry surface to facilitate penetration possibly down to and
below the reinforcing steel. In this manner, a concrete
bridge deck can become permanently resistant to steel
corrosion and salt and water and freeze thaw attack. Existing
methods require expensive cleaning followed by heavy coatings
with water repellant materials. These existing methods are
limited by the wear resistance of the coating. The cleaning
and traffic control presently accounts for most of the
treatment expense. The present invention will provide much
longer lasting and more effective protection for the same or
lesser cost.
In another embodiment, a Gilmor sprayer of the type
described before can be used to apply a 3% to 5% dispersion
of silane in water providing substantial depth of penetration
and long term protection, followed by a second treatment with
about 1% to about 2% dispersion or less of siloxane in water
to improve the appearance or beading effect (contact angle).
The second treatment might be repeated every few years to
revitalize the beading effect.
Changes may be made in the steps or in the sequence
of steps of the methods described herein without departing
from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the
following claims.

Dessin représentatif