Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
~l 20~6707
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~I DEVICE FOR BONING WINGS OF POULTRY OR THE LIKE
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,; BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
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1. Field of the Invention,
This invention relates to a device for boning (dlssociating
meat from) poultry wings that are naturally equipped with
ulna and radius as bones.
2. Description of the Prior Art
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As a consequence of the naturally complicated structure of
chicken, duck or other poultry wings that have two thin
bones, namely ulna and radius, there has so far been no
device for mechanically dissociating the wing meat from the
two interconnected bones in a satisfactory way. These two
~,~1 bones are not used by the final consumer and are therefore
of great disadvantage to the sale of meat (which meat is
desired without bones by the consumer) due to the increase
in weight and package.
As far as it is already known that leg bones (drumstick
bones) are mechanically removed from poultry meat, a device
of the prior art is equipped with a rotating chain which
carries holding means with gripping arms for each leg
passing through a cutting station in cycles. In this cutting
station the bone is se~ered in its longitudinal direction by
means of a saw. As a result, the divided meat can be
dissociated more easily.
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~ Since a longitudinal severing operation is not possible with
~` thin poultry wings, known devices are thus of no use.
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SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
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It is the object of the present invention to provide a
device for boning wings of poultry or the like, with the
relatively thin bones (ulna and radius) being mechanically
removed from the poultry meat during passage or in a cycle
process and the subdivided bone parts being then ejected
automatically.
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In a poultry boning device having holding means arranged on
a transporting means which rotates in endless fashion within
a machine frame, the holdlng means are equipped in
accordance with the invention with a respective transverse
reception means for receiving a wing, said means passing
through a cutting station which divides the wing bones in a
direction transverse to the longitudinal direction thereof
and includes two cutting means rotating in the direction of
movement and said means subsequently passing through a
separating means dissociating the meat or the like from the
bone.
After the wing bones have been cut through in a direction ~:
transverse to the longitudinal dire~tion thereof, the
resultant three bone pieces are each stripped of meat and
skin individually by means of the separating means and are
subsequently ejected.
The wing bones may preferably be removed individually from
the meat by means of gripping pliers, or they may be pressed
out of the meat by means of abutment plates which are
preferably perforated and by means of rams extending
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`.1 therethrough with the aid of pressure acting on the ends of
:I the wing bones.
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~- A preferably U-shaped reception pocket whose inner walls
~;~ support or clamp the wing between the vertical side walls
thereof, optionally with the aicl of a holding strip at the
~ upper side, may be arranged as a holding means for the wing.
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Perforated plates which are movable relative to each other
and whose holes respectively correspond to the diameter of
the wing bones may be provided as separating means.
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;- In another preferred embodiment a displaceable abutment
;~ plate which presses against the one free end of the bone
part and thus displaces the same, e.g., by 20 mm is
laterally provided for pulling the tendons off from the bone
periphery.
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Furthermore, lateral stops may be provided for limiting the
~; lateral displacement of the severed bone ends.
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The separating knives which dissociate the meat are arranged
above this U-shaped and preferably rotatably mounted
reception pockets and may have straight or bent blades. The
blades may also be concave so as to be matched to the round
shape of the bones. The separating knives may also serve as
grippers in the case of blades that are pressed back into
their slit-shaped reception means. These grippers are
capable of removing the thickened cut end parts of the bones
from the meat. To this end, the blades are each supported in
the slit-shaped reception means on an inner pressure spring
by which the blades are supported in a flexibly displaceable
~ way.
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Further features become apparent from the sub-claims.
The scope of protection covers not only individual features,
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DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the
drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a lateral view (according to the arrow
direction in FIG. la) of a wing with bones accordlng to FIG.
2;
FIG. la is a top view on the same wing in a transportable
reception means;
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E'IG. 2 is a lateral view of a poultry wing to be boned
in its stretched position;
~:: FIG. 3 is a top view on the same wing according to FIG.
la but shortly before its entry into a cutti~g
station;
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FIG. 4 is a top view on the same wing according to
FIG. 3 after its passage through the cutting
~:~ station;
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FIG. 5 is a top view on the same wing according to FIG.
4~ with the individual wing parts assuming a
separate position differing from the one of FIG. 4
for further processing;
FIG. 6. is a top vi~w according to FIG~ 5, without
illustration of the middle wing piece, with
;; separating knives acting on both upper wing and
: lower wing;
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FIG. 6a is a cross-section according to arrow direction
~, VIa in FIG. 6 illustrating the separating knives
shortly before their action on the bones of the
-i~l lower wing in a simplifi.ed representation in
comparison with FIG. 6;
FIG. 6b is a cross-section according to FIG. 6a, but
.~ wikh separating knives contacting the bone of the
~, lower wing, the figure being also a simplified
representation in comparison with FIG~ 6;
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:', FIG. 7 is a lateral view with a section of lower wing
and upper wing according to FIG. 6, but with
gripping pliers resting on the bones for removing
the latter;
~ FIG. 8 lS a vlew of the end products of the poultry
.~: wing to be subjected to further processing;
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FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic top view on a reception pocket
with inserted folded upper wing and lower wing
and a bone separating means;
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~:; FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic lateral view of a dissociating
(separating) means for pressing the lower wing
bone out of the surrounding meat, said means
h ~ ~ comprising two perforated plates with two
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respectlve holes and two rams on a perforated
pIate;
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'~ FIG. 11 is a top view (front view) according to arrow
direction II on the perforated plates according
~.~ to FIG. 11;
`~ FIG. 12 is a diagrammatic lateral view of the same
dissociating means according to FI~. 11 with
partly removed bones;
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;, FIG. 13 is a diagrammatic lateral view of a dissociating
~-;" means which presses the upper wing bone out of the
surrounding meat and includes two perforated plates
with a respective hole and ram according to FIG. 14;
FIG. 14 is a diagrammatic front view, according to
arrow direction VI, of a movable perforated plate
with a hole and a ram according to FIG. 14;
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z FIG. 15 is a diagrammatic lateral view on the same
;~ perforated plates that are movable relative to each
other and illustrated in FIGS. 11 and 13, with ulna
and radius being ejected and the meat being in a
compressed state;
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FIG. 16 is a lateral view of a wing bone with surrounding
meat and with a clamp holdiny the same and with cuts
made by two endless saw blades;
FIG. 17 is a top view on the clamp with meat and bone;
FIG. 18 is a top view on an opened clamp.
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A poultry wing to be boned comprises an upper wing piece
10) and a lower wing piece (11). The meat o~ the upper wing
piece (10) surrounds a so-called upper wing bone (12)
whereas the meat of the lower wing piece (11) surrounds a
bipartite lower wing bone (13) which naturally comprises an
ulna (13a) and a radius (13b). The upper wing bone (12) on
the one hand and ulna (13a) and rad~us (13b) of the lower
wing bone (13) on the other hand are movably connected to
each other via a joint (14).
The processing device for deskeletonizing poultry wings
which are equipped with ulna and radius includes a rotating
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transporting chain (19) of a bottom transportation means
with holding means (18) and reception pockets (15, 16) held
by said holding means and a middle centering mandrel (17)
thereinbetween, with said assembly passing through a cutting
station (21) with separating knives (43, 44, 49, 50 and 35).
Cutting station (21) carries lateral opposite skops (26, 27)
and an upper retaining strip (28). Furthermore, there are
provided lateral grippers (30) with gripper heads (32) on
movable grippers arms (31~ for holding the bone to be
processed and for pulling the same from the surrounding
meat. Furthermore, rotating cutting knives (22) are provided
for transversely dividing the bone into a plurality of
pieces. The separating knives (43, 44, 49, 50) which are
opposite each other in pairs (FIGS. 6a, 6b) are displaceably
mounted in the cutting station for removing the meat from
the bones.
A lateral abutment plate (59) is also supported in a
i displaceable way and has the function to displace the
separated bone piece (13) by 10 to 20 mm for tearing out the
meat tendons.
To remove bones (12, 13) from the meat, the wings are
inserted into two reception pockets (15, 16) that are spaced
apart from each other at a specific distance (FIGS. 2-7).
These reception pockets (15, 16) have an approximately
, U-shaped cross-section which can thus be adapted to the
anatomical shape of the wing. The reception pockets may be
supported in a rigid way or preferably in a slightly
rotatable way on the transportation system.
Centering mandrel (17) is arranged between the two reception
; pockets (15, 16) at a distance from reception pocket (15)
and also at a distance from reception pocket (16). The tip
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; of this centering mandrel (17~ is oriented in an exactly
;~ opposite direction with respect to the lnsertion direction
`~ of the wing into reception pockets tl5, 16). Reception
~i pockets (15, 16) and centering mandrel (17) are connected
-~ via holding means (18) or the like in known fashion to a
:j` transporting means, such as an endless rotating chain (19),
~- belt or the like.
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;~ A wing is inserted into the reception pockets (15, 16) in
,'.5~ such a way that joint ~14) is spitted onto the centering
-~ mandrel (17) during the insertion operation. When the wing
is inserted into these reception pockets (15, 16), the
longitudinal bone direction of both the upper wing bone (12)
and the lower wing bone (13) extends approximately at a
~^ right angle (horizontally) relative to the transportation
direction (19) of the transporting chain or the like. These
reception pockets (15, 16) are arranged on the transporting
means in such a way that they are displaceable in a
i direction perpendicular to the transportation direction of
the transporting chain (19) or the like in accordance with
arrow direction (20).
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In this position of the wing that is locally defined by the
centering mandrel ~17) and the reception pockets (15, 16),
the wing is supplied to a cutting station (21) (FIG. 3). The
cutting station (21) may be supported in a sta-tionary way
and may consist of circular cutting knives (22), saw blades
or the like. The rotational direction of the cutting knives
(22) is preferably opposite to the transportation direction
ofjthe transporting chain (19). During passage through the
cutting station (21~, cuts ~23) are made above and below
joint (14) when being viewed in the longitudinal bone
.~,'J direction. As a result of these cuts, joint (14) is severed
from the wing. Furthermore, an outer connection skin (24~ is
separated between upper wing piece (lO) and lower wing piece
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It is only after the separating cut that the reception
pockets (15, 16) assume their vertical position (erection)
~ith the aid of a suitable moving means.
The upper wing piece (10) and the lower wing piece (11) are
now subjected to another processing step. Joint (14) which
is covered by adhering skin resiclues may here be regarded as
a waste product which need no longer be processed in a
further step.
After cut (~3) has been made, the upper wing piece (10) and
the lower wing piece (11) are further transported opposite
to each other and diagonally to the outside, i.e. away from
joint (14) in accordance with arrow direction (25) and
seated in their reception pockets (15, 16), until each of
them abuts on a lateral outer stop (26 and 27 respectively).
A possible lateral and continued transportation of the wing
pieces (10, 1~) is stopped due to the abutment of the lower
wing piece (ll) and the upper wing piece (10) on the
respective lateral outer stops (26 and 27): Both the lower
wing piece (11) and the upper wing piece (10) have reached
the initial position required for further processing. This
further processing starts after wing pieces (10, ll) have
abutted against the lateral stops (26, 27) and after the
transportation stop of the wing pieces (10, 11) caused
thereby.
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During its transportation in arrow direction (25) the upper
wing piece (10) i5 moved below the upper retaining strip
(28l) or the like, the end position of the upp~r wing piece
(10) below said retaining strip (28) being reached when the
upper wing piece (10~ abuts on a lateral stop (27). The
position of the upper wing piece (10) is fixed by said upper
retaining strip (28), which is necessary for further
processing.
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~ The bone ball (29) of the upper wing bone (12) at the end
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side is gripped from behind by a gripper (30) which is
shaped in the form of pliers. This gripper (30) has, for
instance, two gripper arms (31) that are opposite each other
and rotate about a horizontal axis and on whose one end a
respective gripper head (32) is arranged. The longitudinal
directions of gripper arm (31) and gripper head (32) are at
an angle to each other. Gripper head (32) has a reception
recess (33) extending, for instance, in the longitudinal
direction thereof. A knife (35) which is biased by a
pressure spring (34) is supported in this reception recess
(33) in a laterally displaceable way. Knife (35) can be
displaced in the transportation direction of the
transporting chain (19) and in a direction opposite thereto,
as shown in FIG. 3. The vertical blade (58) of knife (35) is
of a straight configuration, but may also have a concave
shape. When being closed, i.e. during movement of the
gripper arm (31) and thus of the gripper head (32) in arrow
direction (36) and in arrow direction (37), respectively,
knives (35) come to rest on the upper wing bone (12),
thereby gripping the bone ball (29) from behind. The closed
gripper (30) which is shaped in the form of pincers and
biased to a certain degree is now rotated according to arrow
direction (38) about a horizontal axis. As a result, the
meat is somewhat dissociated from the bone, which
facilitates subsequent removal of the bone (12~ from the
upper wing piece (10).
A stripper plate (39) (FIG. 7) or the like is slid between
gripper head (32) and the meat of the upper wing piece (10)
after termination of the rotational movement of gripper (30)
which is shaped in the form of pliers. The stripper plate
(39) has the function to retain the meat during removal of
the upper wing bone (12) from the upper wing piece (10) by
gripper (30). Stripper plate (39) may also be arranged in a
stationary way. In this case the upper wing piece (10) would
be moved with its upper wing bone (12) into the stripper
plate (39).
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After the stripper plate (39) has been moved into position,
gripper (30) which is shaped in the form of pliers is closed
to a greater extent, i.e. the gripper arms (31) are further
moved to each other to assume approximately the position
shown in FIG. 7. After this position has been reached,
gripper (30) is displaced according to arrow direction (40)
until it assumes the position shown in FIG. 8, i.e. until
the upper wlng bone (12) is fully removed from the upper
wing piece (10). The meat of the upper wing piece (10) is
now subjected to further processing, e.g., for making
poultry sausage, poultry liverwurst or other delicatessen.
During this operation stop (26) must be removed from the
path of movement.
Ulna (13a) and radius (13b), which jointly form the lower
wing bone (13), are removed from the lower wing piece (11)
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at the time when the upper wing bone (12) is removed from
the upper wing piece (10).
As illustrated in FIG. 6, four separating knives (43, 44)
~; that are each under the action of a pressure spring (42) are
operative below a bone ball (41) of the lower wing bone (13)
in the area of ulna (13a) and radius (13b).
Out of two opposite and spaced-apart separating knives ~43,
44), the one separating knife (43) ls pressed under great
pressure against the radius (13b) of the wing bone (13) from
.l I thç outside. Another separating knife (44) is simultaneously
;~, pressed against the ulna (13a) of the lower wing bone (133,
also under great pressure. The cutting geometry of said two
~i separating knives (43, 44) is preferably concave~ The blades
(45, 46) of this shape therefore come to rest on ulna (13a)
and radius (13b) of the lower wing bone (13) in such a way
that they surround the same in an arcuate manner. The
separating knives (43, 44) move towards the respective bones
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in, and opposite to, the transporation direction of the
transport.ing chain (19). The separating knives (43, 44) are
mounted in laterally displaceable fashion in the reception
recess (47) of a respective reception housing (48) under the
action of the above-mentioned pressure spring (42). To be
able to dissociate the meat between ulna (13a) and radius
~;~ (13b), additional separating knives (49, 50) are introduced
into this area according to the illustration of FIGS. 6, 6a,
6b directly below the bone ball (43) vertically and at a
right angle from both "the bottom" and "the top'~. These
separating knives (49, 50) are preferably shaped like a
wedge, their tips (51 and 52) respectively penetrating into
the free space (53) formed between ulna (13a) and radius
(13b). These separating knives (49, 50) overlap each other
in this state according to the illustration of FIG. 6b and
are each positioned on a part of the cross-sectional
periphery of ulna (13a) and radius (13b). Hence, these
separating knives (49, 50) simultaneously serve as
counter-holders or as so-called "counter-pressure means" for
the other separating knives (43, 44) already moved into
their position previously.
The other separating knives (49, 50) that are biased by the
pressure springs (42) to a certain degree are each
displaceably supported in a reception recess (53) of a
recept.ion housing (54) according to the insertion direction
between ulna (13a) and radius (13b~. The meat of the lower
wing piece (11) is pressed back, approximately as shown in
the illustration of FIG. 7, in a direction perpendicular to
the transporation direction of transporting chain (19) due
to the introduction of the separating knives (43, 44, 49,
50) as shown in FIGS. 6b and 7.
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When the separating knives (43, 44, 49, 50) are in position,
according to the representation in FIGS. 6 and 7, ulna (13a)
and radius (13b) and thus the entire lower wing bone (13)
are displaced in the longitudinal direction of the lower
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wing bone by about 20 mm to the outside at a right angle and
vertically opposite to the transportation direction of
transporting chain (19). An abutment plate (59) which is
moved, e.g., pneumatically or in a similar way, into the
reception pocket (15) according to the illustration of FIG~
7 is used for displacement. During this displacement
movement the tendons and the meat of the lower wing piece
(11) are retained by the separa-ting knives (43, 44, 49, 50)
while the bones are pressed further to the outside,
pre*erably for about a third of their length.
After this operation has been ended, the bone ball (41) of
the lower wing bone (13) is gripped from behind by so-called
gripping pliers (55). The gripping pliers (55) are closed,
thereby assuming the position shown in FIGo 7. The two
gripper arms (56) of these gripping pliers (55) directly
rest on ulna (13a) and radius (13b) below the bone ball (41)
of the lower wing bone (13). The gripping pliers (55) are
now moved in a direction corresponding to arrow direction
(57), so that the whole bone of the lower wing (13) is
removed from the lower wing piece (11).
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The two aforementioned operations, i.e. removal of the upper
wing bone (12) and of the lower wing bone (13) are carried
out at the same time, so that after the removal of these two
bones the meat of both the upper wing piece (10) and the
lower wing piece (11) is available for further processing in
accordance with the illustration of FIG. 8.
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The above-described deskeletonization of poultry wings is
~,~ preferably applied to turkeys. It is however possible to
deskeletonize the wings of other poultry types, i.e. those
~;~ of chicken, roosters, ducks, geese, phesants, etc. Moreover,
the device is also suited for de~keletonizing corresponding
extremities of other animals, such as hares, rabbits, etc~
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Reference numeral (60) designates an upper wing piece and
reference numeral (61) a lower wing piece of a poultry wing.
These pieces are folded against each other in such a way
that the connecting joint (64) is at one end and a bone ball
(81) at the opposite end of ulna (63a) and radius (63b) of
the lower wing bone (63), and another bone ball (79) of the
upper wing bone (62) projects at the other side. The lower
wing bone (63) and the upper wing bone (62) are
approximately in parallel and are also surrounded by the
meat and skin (64a) thereof.
The wing to be deskeletonized is prepared for boning in that
its wing tip (not shown) that is not to be used is cut off
in a preceding operation.
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~,~`,'f A mechanical processing device for boning folded upper and
lower wing pieces (60, 61) of this type has rotating endless
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'f transporting chains (69) within a machine frame (89) at the
bottom side, like in the embodiment illustrated in FIGS.
1-8, with a suitable drive and guides (not shown) and
includes holding means (68) and reception pockets (65) held
thereby. These are mounted on the transporting chain (69) in
~f such a way that they are easily pivotable (rotatable) or can
be displaced in a direction perpendicular to the
transportation direction.
To remove the ~oint (64) and the bone balls (79, 81) from
, the wing bones (62, 63), the reception pocket (65~ extends
longitudinally at an angle of 30 to 50 (FIG. 9) relative
to its motional direction, and the pieces are thus treated
by a cutting station (71) which severs the joint (64) and
~',f ~ the bone balls (79, 81) as waste in parallel oblique cuts
-~j (73) (relative to the longitudinal direction of the wing
`~f bones). To this end, each reception pocket (65) has an
approximately U-shaped cross-section which can thus be
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;~ adapted to the anatomical shape of the flat wing. An upper
retaining strip (not shown) or the like may rest on the
bones and the meat in such a U-shaped holding pocket (65)
~; for retaining the folded wing bones (62, 63) during cuttingO
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This cutting station (71) is equipped with two separating
-` knives (72) rotating in parallel with each other, e.g. in
the form of circular saw blades which rotate, in a direction
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~` opposite to the direction of movement of the reception
pocket (65), about a common driven shaft which is
stationarily supported within the machine frame (~9).
, . .
The length of the reception pocket (65) is smaller than the
distance between the two separating knives (72). As a
result, the wing bones (62, 63) continue their travel after
the separting operation whereas the bone balls (79, 81) on
the one hand and the joint (64) on the other hand drop down
due to gravity and can be removed from the machine.
However, this cutting station (71) may preferably be
equipped with two rotating saw belts (not shown) that are
arranged one after the other to rotate at an acute angle to
each other and sever joint (64~ on the one hand and bone
balls (79, 81) on the other hand at different cutting angles
relative to the longitudinal bone direction and one after
the other (FIG. 16).
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After the oblique cut (73) has been made, the cut lower wing
bones (63a~ 63b) and the upper wing bone (62) are supplied
? to a dissociating means (70) acting as a separating means
for meat, skin, etc. This means is equipped with two
perforated plates (66, 67) that are displaceable relative to
~ each other and include two holes (74, 75) (FIGS. 10-12 and
`~ 15) whose diameter corresponds to the outer diameter of ulna
¦ (63a) and radius (63b) of the lower wing bone (63).
The closely surrounding inner edges of the holes (74, 75)
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tear off the meat, the tendons and the connecting skin from
the two bones (63a, 63b) due to the movement of the
perforated plates (66, 67) relative to each another and
first press the same together (FIGS. 12 and 15) whereas the
dissociated bones (63) projecting from the perforated plates
~l (66, 67) can be removed by hand or by means of lateral
; ~ grippers.
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In the embodiment of the perforated plates (66, 67), as is
~;~ shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, only one hole (80) is provided in
the perforated plates (66, 67) through which the upper wing
~1 bone (62j is pressed, with the inner edge of the hole
respectively acting as a strlpper surface.
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The one peforated plate (19) is preferably fixedly arranged
and the other perforated plate (67) is movably supported
-i relative thereto.
Furthermore, instead o~ one perforated plate with a specific
diameter corresponding to the bone diameter, two perforated
plates with increased holes are preferably supported
adjacent to each other, the effective hole diameter being
changeable in a variable way by displacing said perforated
plates in one plane so as to achieve an excellent separating
action of the inner edges.
To remove the various wing bones (62, 63) by a pressing
operation, the perforated plates (66, 67) have arranged
upstream thereof driven rams (76-78~ which reciprocate in a
direction perpendicular thereto and abut on the front faces
of the bones (62, 63~ and press the same (see motion arrows)
-~ through the holes (74, 75, 80) of the perforated plates (66,
`,`3 67), whereby the dissociating meat (64a), etc. is compressed
into a removable piece of meat also with the aid of the
moving perforated plate (77). This meat can then be
delivered to the consumer in any desired specification.
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In a slightly modified embodiment (FIGS. 16-18), a divided
plate (66a, 66b) may be used as a clamp instead of a
one-part perforated plate (66). This clamp surrounds the
wing bones (62, 63) from both sides, with a hinge (66c)
holding the two perforated plate halves (66a, 66h) together.
These divided perforated plates (66a, 66b) may also include
three holes, so that all three bones (62, 63a, 63b) can be
pressed through these divided perforated plates (66a, 66b)
together with the rams (76-78), depicted and illustrated in
FIGS. 12, 15, in this way and at the same time. The severed
meat is here also compressed and the movable perforated
plate (67) forms the abutment.
A divided perforated plate (66a, 66b) of this type may first
retain the wings (60, 61) as a separate fixing clamp instead
of a reception pocket (65) during processing (severing of
joint (64) and of bone balls (79, 81)).
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