Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
WO 92/03226 2 0 9 1 3 S 9 PCr/US91/0s937
APPARATUf~ FOR CONMINI~TING I~A8TE: IIOOD ~IATE:RIAL
TEC~INICAI~ FIELD
The present invention relates to apparatus for
reducing large pieces of waste wood into many pieces of
no greater than a particular smaller size.
~ P~ND ART
A three impact bar rock crusher as shown in
U.S. Patent No. 3,701,485 shows the 12~- degree offset
between bars to get the material to be crushed into the
~' machine. The action is one which the bar strikes the
material in mid-air and flings the material against an
anvil. U.S. Patent No. 3,887,141 shows another version
.' of a rock crusher which uses parallel impact bars and
flings are material for impact reduction.
Diester U.S. Patent No. 4,151,959 again strikes
the material in mid-air but also moves the material
laterally along the axis of the shaft. The material is
r~uce~ by impact with the striker plates, with the
inside of the case, with each other and with the anvil.
The striker plates are angled slightly backwards to give
the flinging action and the striker plates are angled
; (15-) from the shaft axis to give the spiral movement.
The Diester apparatus has limited volume. In order to
get the spiral mov.~ L of material the infeed is limited
to one side of the machine. Particle size is difficult
to con~rol and larger sizes are most difficult to do.
In general hammer hogs contain a plurality of
t pivoted hammers on the outer rotor dimension. The
hammers pulverize the material against an anvil. The
, rotor is light and the hammers are heavy. The rotor
tends to be difficult to start becAl~e the pivoted
hammers hang towards the bottom of the machine. Bearing
wear is high and mainten~nce is ~Y~essive.
Knife hoqs have fixed knives on a spinni~g
rotor. The knives are generally sha~ened every four
hours which adds downtime and ~Yp~n~e.
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Shredders generally have low rotating speed
with high torque which requires an expensive gear
reduction system. The anvil has teeth through which each
shredder tooth moves. Particle size is difficult to
control. Volume is very low because of slow rotation
speed.
Tl~e,Vl~l2 OF TIIB INVEN~!ION
A drive motor turns a shaft to which at least
one rotor is fixably attached. The infeed hole is
angularly d;sposed to accept longer pieces of material.
' An anvil is set perpendicular to the infeed hold such
that material from an infeed conveyor falls directly on
said anvil. The rotor has at least one radially tilted
forward cutting bar which cuts the material as it slides
down the anvil. The rotor generally has three or,
sometimes, four tilted forward cutter bars and rotates at
500 to 1000 rpm. Each time a tilted forward cutter bar
p~ses the anvil, a piece is cut off the material and
carried to the grate. The grate begins at the bottom
point of the anvil and continues for 180 degrees around
the rotor. A plurality of holes are located on the grate
to allow proper particle sizing. Material too large for
a hole is sheared by the cutter bar and the back of the
hole until all pieces drop through the grate. The vast
majority of material will exit the grate without
returning to the anvil section.
More than one rotor can be used. When more
than one rotor is used, the rotors are welded together
but in a position so that each tilted forward cutter bar
is offset from the nearest radially tilted forward cutter
bar of the adjacent rotor.
The foregoing and other objectives, features,
and advantages of the invention will be more readily
understood upon consideration of the following detailed
description of the invention, taken in conjunction with
the accompanying drawings.
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BRIEF m2RC~TP$ION OF THE: DRa~ING~
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the material
size reduction machine.
Figure 2 is a top view of the material size
reduction machine.
Figure 3 is a side view showing the material
~ size reduction machine opened.
!' Figure 4 is a side section view along lines 4-4
of Figure 2.
Figure 5 is a side view of the rotor with a
cut-away view of the tilted forward cutter bar.
Figure 6 is a front view of the rotor with a
cut-away view of the shaft.
Figure 7 is a side view of a plurality of
rotors with ghost lines showing a larger size rotor.
Figure 8 is a front view of a plurality of
rotors.
Figure g is a side peLx~e~Live view of the
relationship between the cutter bar and grate.
Figure 10 is a front view showing the angle
beL~een the cutter bar and the grate.
Figure ll is a schematic view showing the
dimensions of the cutter bar.
F '~ ON OF T9B ~n~n~v EMBODIMBNT
' Reviewing Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, a
material size reduction machine 1 rests on a base
f~ -wvrk 2. A rotor 4 or plurality of rotors 4 fit on
shaft 3. If there is a plurality of rotors 4 there is a
rotor weld 5 between the rotors as indicated. Each rotor
4 contains a rotor shaft hole 7 which is .004 in~h~s
greater in diameter than the shaft diameter 3. In each
outside rotor 4 a ring fetter counterbore 8 is drilled so
that the ring fetter 6 will properly attach the rotor 4
to the shaft 3. The ring fetter 6 is att~hed to the
rotor 4 and the shaft 3 by means of ring fetter bolts 15.
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4The rotor 4 is hex-shaped 9 in order to increase the mass
of each rotor 4. Two cutter bar holes lo are drilled
through each cutter bar seat 11. While three cutter bar
seats 11 are shown, in some larger mach;n~ the number of
cùtter bar seats may increase to four. The cutter bar
seat angle 12 is shown along with the cutter bar angle of
attack 13.
; Finally, the cutter bar seat radial angle 14 is
shown. However, the cutter bar seat radial angle 14 may
vary with different rotor diameters. Cutter bar 16 is
attached to the cutter bar seat 11 by means of the cutter
bar attachment nuts 17A and cutter bar socket head cap
screws 17B. As shown in Figure 11, the cutter bar is
generally a two-inch thick plate with a top ~ rement
lS of Y of 3/4 inches and a base measurement of X inches
equal to one-and-a-half inchec. Generally dimension Z is
a half an inch. The angle of the cutter bar relief is 45
degrees.
The anvil 22 also forms the front side of the
upper case. The anvil wear plate 23 is shown. The anvil
22 contains anvil pivots 24 which are threaded on the
upper side plates 41 but pe~ged into the anvil 22. The
anvil shear pins 25 are shown along with the anvil shear
holes 26. There are two anvil shear holes 26, one set at
one-eighth inch 27 and the other set at three-eighths
~ches 28.
The grate ACSe ' ly 29 generally will comprise
five grate bars 30 with two grate side plates 31. A
grate liner 32 will be provided which includes liner
holes 33 within the grate liner 32. The grate adjustable
shear pin 34 may be placed either in hole 34A which is
the one-eighth-inch shear hole or hole 34B which is the
three-eighths-inch shear hole. The grate pivot pin 35 is
shown. The lower case front plate 36 is shown with an
Acc~ss plate 37 for shear pin 34 at~Ached by means of
Access plate bolts 38. Structural beam lower case front
39 is shown along with the lower case side plates 40 and
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the upper case side plates 41. The upper case front
structural angle 42 is shown. The infeed hole 43
; establishes the infeed hole angle 44.
The lower case back plate 45 along with the
S lower case back structural çh~nnels 46 of which there are
two and the upper case back structural angles 47 of which
there are two are shown. The back deflector plate 48 is
shown along with the return deflector plate 49. The
; upper case lower back plate 50 and gussets 51 are shown
along with the upper case side structural angles 52. The
hinge bracket 53 is shown with the upper case pivot pin
54. Front side hinge tab 55 is shown. The connection
plate 56 along with the connection plate bolt 57 and the
upper case connection bolt hole 58 are illustrated. The
lS hinge cover plate 59 is shown.
The upper mounting bracket 66 and frame
mounting bracket 67 are shown with the upper mounting
bracket pivot 68 and the frame mounting bracket pivot 69.
The hydraulic cylinder 70 is shown and it contains a
; 20 safety check valve. In addition, the usual hydraulic
features of an operating valve, hydraulic power supply,
hydraulic pump, and hydraulic reservoir are utilized but
not shown. The drive motor 72 is shown with the drive
sheave 73 and the driven sheave 74. The drive belt 75 is
shown between the sheaves and ordinarily a safety drive
guard is provided for safety reasons. The shaft drive
portion 77 is shown. To mount the shaft 3 on the
material size reduction machine 1 the bearing mounting
block 79 is attached to the sides by bearing mounting
block bolts 80. Bearing mounting stops 81A (side) and
81B (base) are used to stabilize the bearing mounting
block 79. The bearing housing 82 is attached by means of
the bearing housing bolts 83. The bearing 84 is a dual
spherical roller bearing in a piloted flange housing.
The bearing cap 85 is shown.
Figure 9 is a ~e~ec~ive view showing that the
cutter bar 16 is parallel to the lea~ing edge of the
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grate liner 32. From Figure 4, the bottom edge of the
anvil 22 is parallel to the leading edge of the grate
liner 32. Thus, the cutter bar 16 is parallel to the
anvil 22. This can also be seen by viewing the line 95
- 5 formed by the intersection of the bottom surface of the
cutter bar 16 and the surface 96 of ~ cion x shown in
~igures 11, 9 and 4. From Figure 5 and Figure 9, the
bottom surface of the cutter bar is on a radial plane
ext~n~ing from the centerline of the shaft.
Figures 7 and 10 show that cutter bar 16 is
parallel to the length of the grate 32. The entire
bottom surface of each cutter bar cuts the material at
the same time against the anvil. In other words, there
is no angle as, for example, in a scissors cutting
movement or in an attempt to move material laterally
along the sections of the rotor.
In operation, the material to be reduced will
generally fall from a feed conveyor into the infeed hole
; 43 of the machine 1. Generally, when starting the
outfeed conveyor is started first, then the machine 1,
and finally the infeed conveyor. The machine 1 is
started by operating the drive motor 72 so that the drive
sheave 73 turns the drive belt 75 which operates the
driven sheave 74 attached to the shaft drive portion 77
of the shaft 3. The shaft 3 turns the rotors 4.
When the material falls into the infeed hole
43, an infeed hole angle 44 allows for longer length
material to enter the machine 1. The infeed hole angle
44 is equal to the angle of the split case.
~ 30 The anvil 22 with anvil plate 23 is
; perpendicular to the infeed hole angle 44. The speed of
infeed con~eyo~ is such that most, if not all, of
material to be redltce~ will land and slide down the anvil
wear plate 23. In general, the angle of the anvil 22
will vary between 45- and 80- as measured from the
horizontal. The rotor 4 is ~"ed Le~een 500 rpm and
1000 rpm . Dep~n~ i ng on the thic~ness of the material,
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the tilt forward cutter bar 16 will cut a portion off of
the material. If the portion of material is less than
1/8" or 3/8" depending on the positioning of the anvil
22, it will slide through the space between the anvil 22
and the tilted forward cutter bar 16. The cutter bar
angle of attack 13 creates a cutting action rather than a
crushing action. The cutting action is more efficient
than a crushing action in that less po~er is required.
The offset reduces the power requirements on larger
material because only one tilt forward cutter bar 16 is
fully engaged at any one time. No flinging action takes
place to shatter the material against the anvil 22
because of the angle of the anvil 22 created by the
infeed hole angle 44 and the tilted forward cutter bar
angle of attack 13. If the material is larger than the
1/8" or 3/8", the material is sliding downward on the
anvil wear plate 23. Other tilted forward cutter bars 16
; on the same rotor 4 or other rotors 4 will continue to
cut the material to approximately 4 inch minus (4 inches
or less). The cut material is then carried into the
grate section of the machine. The material is moved
along the grate liner 32 until it falls into liner holes
33. The liner holes 33 vary in size ~ep~n~ing on final
product size. Larger holes allow for larger size:
smaller holes, small size. If the material is larger
than the liner hole 33, a portion will fall into the hole
33 and the tilt forward cutter bar 16 uses the back edge
of the hole 33 to cut the material. This action
; continues until the material is re~uc~d to the desired
dimensions. Once cut, the material drops onto an outfeed
conveyor.
The terms and expressions which have been
j employed in the foregoing specification are used therein
as terms of description and not of limitation, and there
is no intention, in the use of such terms and
expressions, of excluding equivalents of the features
shown and described or portions thereof, it being
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reco~nized that the scope of the invention is defined and
li~ited only by the clai~8 which follow.
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