Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
20 ~7034
CHEMICAL SEALING SYSTEM FOR A FIXING
COM~O~.1 IN A HOLLOW MATERIAL
A conventional chemical sealing system for a fixing component in
a hollow material, such as a brick, consists of a screen to be
laid through at least one hole drilled in the outer wall of the
material, preferably through a second hole drilled in the first
inner wall, and which receives first a hardening resin mortar and
then the fixing component, with its fixing end - male, female or
hinge shaped, for example - projecting outside the outer wall of
the material. When the fixing component is inserted into the
screen, some of the resin mortar is pressed through the screen
so that after hardening it seals the fixing component to the rear
of the outer wall of the material, possibly also in the hole(s)
of the walls of the material.
If the outer wall and the first inner wall are spaced well apart
with a large cavity between them, the resin mortar expands in the
cavity to the detriment of the strength of the seal. If the outer
wall of the material is not sufficiently thick, the orifice of
this wall may constitute a pivot for the fixing component whose
position on the outer surface of the material may be incorrect,
not to mention the weakening of the seal.
The present invention aims to reduce these problems, and to
control the injection of mortar behind the outer wall and
concentrate it on the largest possible surface of this outer
wall, in order to ensure that the final seal is very strong and
that the fixing component is positioned perfectly.
In document EP-A-0394189, a chemical sealing system has already
been proposed for a fixing component in a hollow material with
an outer wall, consisting of a sheath-casing of variable
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conformation mounted on an internally threaded socket which
receives the fixing component, with the sheath arranged so that,
in a folded state, it passes through a hole drilled in the outer
wall of the material and, beyond the hole, in a sealing position
and in an unfolded state, it envelops a hardening resin mortar.
The system of this document, although it allows the resin mortar
to be concentrated more or less correctly behind the outer wall
of the receiving material, it does not, however, ensure a maximum
contact area of the mortar on the inner face of the outer wall,
because the sheath-casing is shaped like a closed pocket.
Moreover, and for this reason, mortar flow holes must be made in
the walls of this pocket. Finally its attachment to both the
socket and to an unfolding sleeve poses some manufacturing
difficulties.
The applicant has therefore wished to propose a chemical sealing
system which is easy to manufacture and ensures a seal on the
outer wall of the receiving hollow material of truly optimum
area.
This invention thus concerns a system of the type mentioned
above, characterized by the fact that the sheath-casing is
arranged so that it unfolds elastically in the rest position and,
in the sealing position, flares out towards the outer wall
abutting against its inner face under the action of return
devices connected to the socket and of support devices against
the outer face of the outer wall.
The fixing component to be sealed may either be a threaded pin,
in other words a male component, or the assembly socket of the
sheath-casing, in other words a female component which receives
a fixing screw.
In the former case, and with the threaded pin screwed into the
socket, the means of support against the outer face of the outer
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wall may comprise a flange with a hole permitting the passage of
a nozzle for injecting the resin mortar.
In the latter case, the system may be combined with a tubular
nozzle arranged so that it can be temporarily screwed into the
socket; position the system in the material, inject the resin
mortar, protect an inner portion of the socket which is to
receive the fixing screw and separate the hardened resin mortar
from the socket.
In both cases, the means of support against the outer face of the
outer wall may comprise at least one coil with an enlarged end
of a spring attached, at the other end, to the socket.
If the system of the invention is compared, for example, to the
fixing system of document FR-A-1524897, a certain structural
analogy may be observed between the fixing "umbrella" of the old
system and the sheath-casing of the invention. In functional
terms, however, the two systems have nothing in common. The
fixing component of the former system is of prime importance for
laying the umbrella against the inner face of the outer wall. In
fact, it is the umbrella which is essential for holding the
fixing component by screwing. As regards the sheath-casing of the
invention, it does not need the fixing component to be held in
the sealing position, since its function is to contain the resin
mortar temporarily before it hardens. Simply using the umbrella
of document FR-A-1524897 on a conventional chemical sealing
screen, or in place of the pocket of document EP-A-0394189,
although it might be envisaged, certainly would not permit a
reconstitution of the system of the invention.
The lessons learnt from document FR-A-2200917 could not be
further used to modify the system of document EP-A-0394189 and
reconstitute that of the invention since, in one of the forms of
embodiment, that of the two parts of the FR-A-2200sl7 system
which is difficult to liken to an umbrella mounted on a socket
(nut), it is comparable in functional terms to the umbrella of
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the FR-A-1524897 system, and since the other with the two parts,
although on one side it comprises a sleeve in the form of a
spring, on the other side it only comprises a sleeve for sliding
on the first part. As for the other forms of embodiment (figures
6-9) shown by document FR-A-2200917 which could apparently more
closely resemble the system of the invention, they cannot be
considered to comprise a sealing "umbrella" bearing in mind the
level of connection between the attachment fins of the part
mounted on the nut and the bars of the helical sleeve. At all
events, the fins of the various systems of FR-A-2200917 do not
unfold, either at rest or elastically.
There is a so-called umbrella in the anchorage system of a
tension component of document US-A-4501516. In this case, the
umbrella is attached to the tension component; it is designed
neither to receive a threaded pin or a fixing screw nor to
contain the mortar injected behind, but to retain the latter.
In short, the invention as claimed above has perhaps consisted
less of perfecting the system of document EP-A-0394189, but
rather of considering, for the purposes of this document, a
conventional sealing screen and fitting to it, in a non-evident
manner, an umbrella of the previous system to make it act as a
casing.
The invention will be better understood with the help of the
following description of several examples of embodiment of the
system of the invention, with reference to the attached drawing,
on which
- figure 1 is a perspective view of a first example of embodiment
of the system of the invention;
- figure 2 is a perspective view of the return component of the
system of figure 1;
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- figure 3 is a perspective view of a variant of embodiment of
the return component;
- figure 4 is a partial section view of the system of figures 1-3
in the sealing position; appearing with figures l and 2;
- figure 5 is a perspective view of a second example of
embodiment of the system of the invention;
- figure 6 is a perspective view of the socket of the system of
figure 5;
- figure 7 is a perspective view of the nozzle for positioning,
injection, protection and separation associated with the system
of figure 5, and
- figure 8 is a schematic section view of the nozzle and the
socket of the system of figure 5, illustrating the use of the
nozzle.
In its embodiment of figures 1 and 2, the chemical sealing system
is intended for sealing a threaded pin 1 in a hollow material
with outer wall 2, here a brick. In addition to the pin 1, the
system comprises a monobloc return component 3, roughly tubular
in shape, comprising a return spring 4 connected at one end to
a socket 5 for receiving the pin 1 and at the other end, by means
of axial ribs 6, to a support flange 7.
The system also comprises a sheath-casing 8 comprising an end
sleeve 9 to which are attached and flexibly jointed flexible
strips or plates 10, here trapezoidal in shape, and which can
therefore be folded or, in the rest state, unfolded into an
umbrella, flaring in the direction of their free ends 11.
The sheath 8 is mounted, by its sleeve 9, on the socket 5.
The collar 7 has a hole 17 to permit the passage of a nozzle for
injecting the resin mortar.
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The sleeve 9 of the sheath-casing 8 can be force mounted onto the
socket 5. It could also be bayonet fitted, as with the socket 5'
of the return component 3' in figure 3. The sheath sleeve 9"
could also be clipped onto the socket 5" of the system of figure
4.
The socket 5 is internally threaded to match the thread of the
pin 1, as shown on figure 4. As a variant, the inner wall of the
socket could simply comprise moulded axial ribs in which the
threaded pin itself taps the thread.
The return component is monobloc, in other words it has been made
by a single injection in a mould. It is therefore easy to adapt
the internal thread of the end socket to different threaded pin
diameters by appropriate slides, without changing the other parts
of the mould. In this case, on the flange 7', there are centring
fins 12' (figure 3) with a passage diameter which can be adapted
to that of the threaded pin.
The sheath-casing 8 is a split sheath with virtually contiguous
plates. Instead of a virtually continuous sheath, a continuous
sheath made of fabric could also be envisaged.
To prevent the pin rotating in the seal when a nut is screwed
onto the projecting part of the threaded pin so as to attach a
part to the pin once sealed, the pin comprises an anti-rotation
or anchorage device. This can be a flat piece 13, as on the pin
of the system in figure 4. More generally, the pin will be shaped
so that at least over part of its length it has a non-circular
section, for example triangular, rectangular, cruciform, and so
forth.
The passage section between the ribs 6 is larger than the
diameter of the pin 1, with the pin 1 extending freely inside the
return component 3, except in the socket 5 with which it
operates. The ribs 6' of the component of figure 3 are joined to
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a piece of sleeve 18' whose inner diameter, however, is larger
than the diameter of the pin 1 on which it can freely slide.
The use of the system is as follows, with reference to figure 4.
It is engaged by pushing through a hole 14 previously drilled in
the wall 2, with the sheath folding up in contact with the edges
of the hole, until:
- the flange 7 rests against the outer face 15, and
- the plates 10 pass right through to the other side of the wall,
extending the spring 4 with the help of the threaded pin 1.
In this respect, it will be noted that the spring enables the
system to be used for walls of different thickness.
Once on the other side of the wall 2, the sheath 8 unfolds
elastically to the rest state and, under the action of the spring
4, the plates 10 of the sheath, with the pin 1, are pushed into
the sealing position, with their ends 11 abutting the inner face
16 of the wall 2.
It may be observed that the ribs 6 constitute a means of centring
the sealing system in the hole 14 of the wall 2.
The length of the portion of the pin 1 which has to project
outside the wall is then adjusted by screwing or unscrewing the
pin in the socket 5". Then, through the hole 17 of the flange 7,
the injection nozzle is inserted and a resin mortar is injected
which flows between the ribs 6 and into the space delimited by
the plates 10 of the sheath-casing 8, and the resin mortar is
allowed to harden before the part is secured to the pin. The pin
is sealed by the resin mortar engaging in the pin's threads.
The sealing system as described above is like an open sheath
towards the inner face of the wall and pinched between its bottom
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and this wall. Because of this, the sheath perfectly contains the
resin mortar before the latter hardens, whatever its viscosity.
As a result of the injection pressure and the pressure exerted
by the sheath, the resin mortar adheres well to the inner face
of the wall.
In its embodiment illustrated in figures 5-8, the sealing system
always comprises a fixing socket 25, of a particular nature as
described below, on which a sheath-casing 28 is mounted, very
similar to that of the example of embodiment in figures 1-4.
The particular feature of the socket 25 is that it has been
formed from a cut and rolled metal sheet. On an axial plane, it
comprises two lateral anchoring ribs 26 obtained by pinching, and
in a series of radial planes comprising some cuts 27 constituting
threaded portions. The socket 25 also comprises a lateral cut 28
to permit the flow of the resin mortar. Finally, the socket 25
is internally threaded.
The sheath-casing 28 is bayonet fitted to the socket 25 by its
threaded part~. In this example of embodiment, the system
comprises, by way of return components, a spring 29 "screwed" to
the socket 25 by a series of coils 34 at one end and comprising,
at the other end, a series of enlarged coils 30 whose purpose is
to act as a support flange against the outer face 15 of the wall
2.
Associated with the socket 25, there is a tubular nozzle 31 whose
end portion 32 has a narrowed outer diameter and which is partly
threaded 33 so that it can first be inserted into the socket and
then screwed in a virtually hermetic manner. At the other end of
the nozzle 31, there is a ring with handling eyes 35. The inner
section of the narrowed portion 32 of the nozzle 31 is not
circular; here it is hexagonal to ensure, after the resin mortar
has been injected, the separation of the column of hardened
mortar from the socket 25.
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The two forms of embodiment of the system of the invention
described above may be sealed equally well in either a hollow
material or a solid material, and in the latter case, certainly
unexpected, without the sheath-casing. To ensure a better
understanding of the entire scope of this invention, it has been
considered more interesting to describe the use of the second
form of embodiment of figures 5-8 in a solid material.
Naturally its use in a hollow material, as regards the socket and
its associated nozzle, is virtually identical.
After drilling a sealing hole 36 and removing the sheath-casing,
the system is inserted in the hole 36 until the end coils 30 of
the spring 29 come to rest against the surface 37 of the
material, while the spring 29, by means of its coils adjacent to
the coils of the end 30, holds the system correctly centred in
the hole. Through the handling end 35 of the nozzle 31, a resin
mortar is injected, which flows inside the nozzle and emerges
through the cut 28 on the socket 25 and spreads through the hole
36, between the hole wall, the socket and the nozzle.
After the mortar has hardened the nozzle 31 is unscrewed, the
effect of which is to shear off the column of mortar extending
inside the nozzle flush with the end 38 of the narrowed portion
32 of the nozzle. After the nozzle 31 has been removed from the
sealing hole, the inner thread of the socket having been
protected over a length equal to that of the narrowed portion 32
of the nozzle, a fixing screw may be engaged in the circular hole
preserved by the nozzle, and screwed into the socket.
