Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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3!~JLll-P~ ~D, DI~LECTRIC ~T~R CO~ST~UCTION
Cro~ srence To ~?~t~d ~prli~
.
Tb.e ~ t ~y~ a ~ v~t;o~ p~t of ~-nt
apr~ ;Q~ ial No. 07/~ 7, filed J&~ 21, 1~92, aD d l~t~t
~I-p~ &rial No. , filed April 30, 1~92, by U~ited State8
Postal Se~ce E~ ~a~ ~, L~bel No. FB3908~l~Yl.l by ZL~ho M.
Y.nkmsm, en'd~ed ''~ ti p~ n~, Die1eeL.;c Filter Con~trnct~
Bac~,u~d of ~ v~
The ~ t i~lY~ ;on relate~ e.~lly ~ ~i~lec~ic
filters, a~d, ~orepar~ rly, to a~~ pas~baIld, ~ .e~ ~ter,
15 ~uch as a ~1~pl~srfilter, of a de~ whi~ QE~ ephy~ical
;Q~R ~hereo~
Adv~ceme~ts ill the field 0f radio electroDics haYe
.3 the ~Lr~l~ ~;on a~ cQmm~li7Pti~ of an eve~-
~cr~ ray of radio ~.~ ~ appar~ . ~d~ance~Q~t~
20 in el~_ho~ desig~ ve al~o ~....;IL~J i~e~
~in;~tmshe ~loctrcni~ col.,p~ u~h radio
c~ ~ appara~. A~ a ,~ ver~ rray of
ra~o ~v~ ~~ Qn ~plJ~U~u8 c4~ ed of ~er-r~ller~
el~~ UliC ~ ul5,~ has ~L~LIed ~he radio G~
25 apparatu~ be ~ ed Imore C~ ntly i~ ~ ~c,ea~e~l mlmher of
A:rs~ ug~ a~ a ~adioblepho~ ~ sd
D ..;~ho~ ~t is OIl~ t;dL~pl~ of ~di~
.. ,. , ~. , . , ~ , .
ç~A~;~ appar~tu~ which h~s bee~ ~ &~
~0 ~ v~ e-~t~ a~ d nor~her~f applica~io
A~itioTlal e~ al~ e ~ur~er ~ el~c L~a
~wh radio trslls~;~ , a~ ~11 a~ o~her radio: c4-~n~ n~io~
g;~de. Such f~La~ mini~ i;~Li~n of 1~e
radio ~n~ ;v~JL.,~ ~iil filrther incr~a~e the CU,~ e of u~
~; .
.
W~ ~3~24g68 Pcr/U~93/03693
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o~ ~uch ~ a~ s, and will ~e.~t 8us~h ap~--tus to be ~ eA in
filrther i~crea~ed n~mhel 8 Of applicationB.
Pul~uant to 8uc3h e~u~ o miniat~ e further t~e
elecLo~ic ~.~ compr~i~g radio transce:vt;l.6, as well afi ot~er
radio c~ ;o~ appara~us, size ~ n~ OI the ei~cll.~nic
C;~C.~ CO~r;8i~1g 8uc;h iB a c~cal d ~ign g~al d~ng ~,~..ut
l~ieleGtric block filters, co~ ed of a cer~lLic mnt3~r
frequently ~ ae a portion of the ~ o~ ~uch radio
10 tr~nace;vel~. Such ~l;e}e~ric lbloc~k filters are adv~ntageo-usly llt;li~el
for re~on~ of coat" ~mpl;~t y of .~ .. r~ct~re~ ea8e of jnQtrlt~t;nn
upon an elec~:ric~1 ~;L.~l board, and good filter cha~ eri8tic8 at
frequencies (t~ lly ~ 1 he 9OO ~Php~ a 1.7 (~iePhertz ra~ge)
a~ which 8UC}~ tTl~C~.~~,. 5 t~ually are O~t ve.
To folm a filter of a block of dio~ ic ms~rial, holes are
bored, or o~ e fo~ l, to e~4~ through the ~ir~chic blocl~,
and ~idew~ls ~ ;nî~ UCh hole6 are costed with all electrically-
~ ve ~atb,;al, au~ as a ~ihr~r-cor~ matenal. Irh~ holes
formed 1~ereby fonn re~ wbitih re~onate at frequeIlcie~
20 de1~ d b~he lengtbs of ~ h~le~.
pically~ rt~ ~ LO~B of t~e olater surfi~ces of
1 tse ~iele~t~c block ~ ~mil~rly co~te~ ~vith ~e elect;ric~lly-
cf~n~ln~tive m~t~n~l ~ Such por~ns ol~ tbe outer ~ faces are ~pically
coupled to an ~ectri~ d~
25~ Spaced-apart ~ LO.... B of a top ~urgace of ~e ~ ,l r;c
blo~k are al~o typically ~Dnt~ ~nth the ~ ;cnlly-co~du~ e
~S~ aecl~b i~ol~t~ 1 ~from t~e el~ lly-
e ma~al cost~d up~ other ou~r sur~ of ~e ~ie~eC~
blo~. ~ ~jàceIlt portions o~ ~he el~c~c~y-~ducti~e m~t~ri~l
3 o ~ l upon the t~p ~ulface hec~nr ~ ly ooupled
t'~er. ~it;Q~rlly, such p~o~ capa~l~ly load
~O~ ve ones of t~e re80nal~
~~ , due to ele~c ~~ E
between ad,ja~t one~ of the r~ss~n~tor~ 1he porl;io~s of 1~he top
WO 93/24968 2 1 1 ~ 0 2 !3 PClr/U~;93/03693
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~urface of the block due to capacitive cQ~lplir~, a~d l~e ~ ve
lo~ ~ of t;he ~ ~i6 ~oget;her define a fiilter havi~g filter
~tOliFt;iCE~ for ~ilte~g a ~gnal applied thereto.
The preci~e filter char~ of ~uch a filter can be
5 co~l"olled ~y coD.trolli~g thB capacitiYe v~ Cou~]~g~ (and, he~ce,
capacitiYe ~alue~ of the capaci~re eleme~t~ formed t;tlereof~ and the
~P~ne 1~cl,.. ~.. adjsce~t o~e8 of t;he rssoJ~tQr~ (and, he~ce,
jn~ ;ye ~alues of ~ ductnre ~e~nte form~d ~hereof~.
lF~igto~s-11y~ ~e co ~ ent ~alue of 11he eleme~ts
10 00~ ;8~g ~uch a filter, aIld, hAn~e, t;he fDter ~a~nf~C8 of ~he
filt~r forme~l the.ef.~9 ha~re ~ell co~trolled ~ two way~ t, the
r~p~~~ ,e values ~f ~he capacitive ele . o - l 9 form ~d upon the top
~u~face of t~e ~;~ect~i~ bloc~ e bee~ alter~d, a~d, s~e~ , the
~pa~g~ h~ h. ~ the adja~e~t o~es ~f ~Ihe reBo~ato2~ e been
5 altered.
Alte~1;îo~ of t;~e c~pacitive value8 ~ ~le capa~Ye
elem~mt~ ed u~ the top surface of th~ ,ec~ic bloc~ ie
~c~ a le~s ~risble mea~s 0f alte~ ~he filter ~ ~cteri~tics of a
- ;c filter a6 1~e phy~ imenQ;o~s of ~u~h filterl3 are
20 ~ e~l The ~ ve ~alu~ ~ 8UC~ c~paci~e s~lem~ n sre
d~pe~de~t up~ the phy~ical di~e~ons oiE t~e ooated area~ RC~-.Y.;~
such e1e ~ ~P a~ well a~ 8~g8 betwe~ ~e oo~ed areaB whis:h
~orm the ~p~ve elemellts.
A~ ~e phy~i~ dimert~2~ ~~ of t~e filterB ~re re~ efl,
2~ 1~e p~ysical ~im~qe;o~ of t~e ~"tC-tl area~ whî~ ~orm ~e
capa~tive elen~ mu~t be c~ ,ly ret~tl~, For
' CapaCi~i~B elem~ t~ t~;.~ the same capac:i~ce (as
~sraportio~ ~ce), th~ rl-n - ~ ~B l~:t~. ~,f~ lhe c~ are~ must
~o be redu~d.
r ~lf~ rea8~ r~ r,~
;~ 8pa~g i~ ~qui~ itween ~e ~ te'~ aB. Acc~,~liugly,
~terativll of t;~e filter ~baracteri~tic~ of ~u~ a filter ~nstru~ted i~
~uch ~n~nn~r h~ become incre~:i~ly limi~oA
:
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Duple~er filters ar~ one su~h 1 ype of dielec1~ic filter
ly tl*li7grl to form ~ L~lls of ~he w~ of a radio
tr~nqc~ e~. Typi~y, a duple:-er filter iff co~le~t~ l between a~
t~ of the ~adio ~e;~ t both t~e t~n ~ W~
5 and ~eea;~ ~on~ ~hereo~ The dupleser filter co~ es
a .eca:~a por~ion of a fir~t pas~band centered about a first center
~equen~ d a ~ 1 filter portion ha~ a ~*cond p~abrn~l
centered about a second c~le~ uen~y. The fir~t pa,~3sband of t;he
~4~CB ve filt~r portion, and 1he ~eeon~ passb,~d of the tr~nRmit filter
10 piDrtio~ of the dupleser ~te,r ,sre o~ p~P~ of ~on-o~erlapping
firequens ies. Bo1h t~e .c~:~,e filter portion a~d ~he tr~n~mit filter
po~tion are eQnr~ectEd to a eom~o~ anteDna; the ~cc~:ve filter portion
i~ eoupled to t~e .cc~ of t;tle radio h~ce;~a~, while the
~ ,h~ Q~ filter~on i8 eon~e~,e~d to ~e tr~n~ J ~;,c~,l,~
. 15 porkion of 1 he radio ~ceiver. ~
Red~ on~i~1he:pby~ical,~3im~nRi~ eof~np~e~er
filters responsive to, ~...e~e.l minial~;~lion of Tadio l~ ei~,e,6
iB Umit~ t!y t;he~ ~t,s noted h~.e~ ove.
Acc~..1i.41,~, ~at i,~ ~eeded is a mnlt; p~ba~d filter
20 c ~ iO~9' a~d me~ns for mal~g ~8~ to be of redu~e,d PI~D;C~1
~ime-l Pt~
: ~ of he~ Lion
: ~ :
~ ~qhe ~r~e~nt i~ l,ion, acco,~gly, overco~es the
:~ 25 ~ ol :~8 of ~e e~li~g art to ~ t a duple~cer filter to be
: ~ ~ co~d:of-reduced~phyûcal-~dimPnQ ~
~?'~ ''S'~ ~e~ e~io~ er adva~geou~ly provides a
- dupleser filt*r c~l,. ~lction of ;.. ;. -~1 ph~sical dime~
p~e~ent i~,c~L~ ins:lude~ er a~ -t~ and~
30: f~lu,e~, the: detail~ of wbi~h ~vill be~ome more aypar~Dt b~ reading
e d~tailed~ deecripho~ of t~e ~ ,f.,~ mho~li~ent~ herç~nhe' cw.
~ ac~o,~ce:~t;h~e~ 3.~t~ o~ t;he~fo.~,a
mult;i-pass~: fil~er~co~sL~tion fonDed~ of a ~ lec4ri~ blo~k
: ~ der~ E top,~ttQm, and at least fir~t and ~eoo ~1 side surfaces, is
; ~ :
:
~:
~
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~i~r~Qse~ e filter construction Go~ ;se~ a fir~t Slter circuit
porl;ion for genera'dng a first filtered sign~ ~,ee~ive to appli~ n
of a first input si~ thereto. The first filter circu~t portio~ at
least two re~oDatorB formed to estend eq~ent;~l1y l~it-~.din~lly along
5 longi~ l ases 1 hereof between ~he top and bott0m surface6 of the
ie~ic blocl~. ~fir~t of ~he at least two re~onators of 1he firat filter
~4~t~ porlion i~ of a ~O~B ~,Lonal area of a fir~t ~onfiguration, and
a sec~ltl of t~e at least t~vo t~e80na1;0r~ iB of a c~os~-~ect;o~l area of a
~e~n~ configuration. Th~ croo~ ~e~,Lonal area of the ~econd
0 configllra~o~ is of a geome~ ~li~mi1~r wi1 h that of the cross-
~ectio~al area of the first coI~figuration. A ~econd filter ~
portion generates a second filtered signal ~ee~ ve to applir~t;on of
a seoQ~ ~1 input ~ignal t;heret~. The second filter w~;c~t por~on has at
least one re~on~r formed to ~ten~l ea~ lly lo~git~ nplly along
5 a longit~din~l asi6 t}lereof b:etween t;he top and ~llo ~- sur~ce~ of the
Ai~,~ect-~ic block.
: Brief D~g~ tion of the Dr~wi~gs
20The ~ K~nt L~ will be better understood w~e~
read in light of ~ aocoh~: dr~ng~ in which:
6 a grap~c~l ~e~ eFe .~-c- of the f~equen~y
~esJG~e of a ~l~pleYer filter of a ~ft:~e~ emho~ nent of t~e preBent
25~ IG. 2is a~ e~ Al sçh-~m~ of a~lt)pl~-P~rfilter of a
.Lf~ ~iment of ~t~he ~.~aa~ i~ t~
}, ''r~ i EqG. :3:i~s: a ~,~e~ new of a dup~2er filter o~ a
~e~.e~ ~i~t~ ~of t;he p,ee~ o~LioDI9 auch as the filter
shownii~e~w,~ scbie~c of FI~. 3; :
30~ ~G.::4 iB ~a botto~ view ta~e~ from be~eath a ~de
a~lrfaoe of the filtsr of E~G.-3;~
FIG1-5~:is a p1a~ view OI a~lt~pl~Y~r filter of an alternat~,
- ~,efer~ed e~l;-- -~ .t of 1~e ~eEent ~l,ve~lio~;
~vog3/24g68 ~,9 ~ PCI/US~3/0~ 3
FIG. 6 i8 a p1an new of a~ot~he~ alte~te, ~"efel~ed
~mhodim~t of ~e ~ 5~ io~l;
EIG. 7 is a plan n~w of ~till a~o~her al~er~te, ~.ef~.~ e~
emho~i~ent of t~e ~ e~ ~ ; iQn;
FI~:. 8 i~ a pla~ ~new of yet a~other ~l~ate, l,.e~e~Lcd
~ml~J;~.~c-.t of the ~aE~ , iu~ .J ol~;
~G. !~ iB a plaD ~iew of ~et a~ot~ier alterDate7 ~ ~fe~d
o~i~e~t of t;h~ ~ ~ae~ ~e~t;~
FIG. 10 i8 a plan vie~w of ~oiher alte~ate, ~,ef~ ed
0 e~ ~ent ~'che pre~nt i~v~lt o~ ~
l~lG~ 11 i8 a block diagram of a radio tr~nn~;vts~ of a
.~fe.~r~ m~linte~t of ~he ~,o~a~lt ~uv~ cn ~ whic~. a ~ r1q~rer
filt~r of a ~ e,.e~l emh~imle~t of the ~ ~ven'don, ~uch as a
dupleacer filter of ~ne cf ~e ~ e fig~es, fo2ms a portio~; ~d
EIG. 12 i~ a l~c~l ~ow diagram liot;n~ ~he met;~od
~tep3 of l~e m~t hod of a ~ d em~ of the ~ t
;~v,~ on.
Descrip~o~ of t~e I~e~.~ mho7~ime~t~
ing fi~t to ~ ~phic~ n of FXG. 1,
~e f.~ f a tl~lp'~r filter i~ k ;~ y ll~p~
Or~in~p axi~ 10 i~ ter~s of a power-related ~ue, he~e
~lC~ fi ~a R7~)8,~4,aS~ 14isscaled~te~.~of~eq~lPncy. G~re
18 i~ a plo~ of ~he fireque~ ' a fir~t filter p~rtio~ ~f ~e
duple2e~ filter (bet~ a com~on ~ a~d a fir6t ~pu~ po~ of the
duple~er~fil~er).: C~e ~ is a plot of t~e fireque~ 3po~e ~f a
8eco~d filter~portio~ :~f ~he dllple~cer filter (b~twee~ ~he c~mmo~ port
d a ~econd inp~t ~ ogthe dupleser filter). The f~n~
3 o re~ se of t;he fi~ fil~ portio~ ~e~ J~ 22, ~d ~e
freQ~ e~e of the ~eco . l filter portio~ ~fir~ e~d a6.
: r~3P~ d 26: ~ spac~d~apa~ in ~e~ue~y to lbe of
~ ove~iappi~g r~P~ : fire~uen~e~.
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As ~oted her~n~bove, ~t~ple~teJ filters are
adv~u~,ageously l-t;li~ to form pO~CiO~lB ~f a t~o-way radio
~r~nqeeiv~ cl:t~LioII for ~e~te, ~di~idual reGE;ve and
1;r~n~nl;t filters col ljle~ ~iver a~d l~ .uL-
S portions, ~P~ ely, ~f 1~he Ir~ew;~ . A duplexer filt~s,
..l~l;3ed of a ms~Qlit~i~ blo~k of di~ec~i~ material, e~hibit~ a~le~l effil~on~ (i.e., i~ a ~5.. 1~ de~rice), and ~y be m~re
i~?~pen~iv~ly ~n~ l c~D ~ep~at~ filters.
AB the ~ ,L~,lic devicee of ~ p1c~e~ t~rpi~y
0 form por~ion~ Rre il.c.~inely ~e.l ~e~ ph~sical ~iman~i~!n~, the
physical ~imene;on~ of such ~ ple~ers, cor~eel~o-~in~ly~ o are
W~g ~e~tl~Ge~. Re 1~ 1 he phy~ical dim~ onq ~ the .11~rle~er
$1t~r can be ~r~c- .ylio~ed in ~ ~t m~nnors. For
in~nn~e, ~he ~l;o~;ç .~ '7~ of which t;h~ duple~l:er i~ co~nprised
5 maybeal~red. H~ ,., bv~~~ onofd~¢.~ e~ic
t~ the r~lativ~ .e1e~c s~npt~nt of ~uch mat~rial
iB L...il~.l by the ~v~abilit y a~d cost ~f mat~rial co~ lioss ~nth
both good elec~i~l a~d g~od n~e~h~nic~ characteristies, a~d i8,
acco,~ly, ~e-~;nae~ aD impractical mea~ by whicb to reduce 1~e
20 phy~ical _of~he filt0r. ~ ~
The ~p~ ;Ye loadi~g, form~d by c~pacitiYe elem-ntQ
;sed OI ca~ci~ve plate~ p~k.l up~ ~U~BCe~ of tJne ~ p~ r
fil~r, ~y b0 iDw ~ ereby a~lowing short~ni~g of the
res~toF~. ~ Howe~ Ior -n~ r~ re~oJl~ tbe 6paCl~lg8
bet~Nee~ the pla~ of 1 he ~apacit;Ye ~lem~n~ "n~t be l~due~d
~yo~d ~ Sucll JC~ 5~ spacu~ ntF
e ~ ,o~ , p~~ l diD~siona ~1~e dupl~er fil~.
J~ addi~o~l ~ in the phy~ical
o~ of Ih~tl;~i~ rl~r filters by ~lt~..r~ the capa~t~e
~o ; ~/~lue~ ~~ cs~pr~t;~e elament~ fonnea up~n t;he fil~ers or by u~
tP~t~ t~ ct~ t~lR t~ fo~ ~e dup~,e3c~ i8 limitnrl-
Ib~ng~ to t;tle~ ~e1ectrici~1~ s~he~atic ~f ~I~. 2, a
;~ ws~t di~a~ of a ~.~ple~er filter, here ~ d to ge~erally by
l~f~ ce nl~ntr~l 80, i8 show~ ~ter 80 ;11U8~Iate~ multi~pole
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duplexer filter con~tructed to h~ve a fre~uenc~ ~~~ e with
p~h~ at f~equencie~ a~ w~ich radio tr~qn-re;ver~ ope.E~L;ve in a
celh~l~r, co ~ ca'doD, ~.,I,e~ are o~ ,a to tr~n~n;t a~d to
~eceive mo~t~l~te~
lt i8 to be noted at 1~he out~et t~at filter 80 is
F,~ v~ Of ~ lrry ~.,.1~.li,.le~t of the y~ t ~u~-.t C!n;
y ot~er duplesers of ot~er ~-c~ co~t;Q~ and otber
~le- and mnl~; pole, filter ~.~,~ts may be oonstructed acco~ g to
the t~ of the ~ f~ d çmhoA;nlent~ of the pre~ent i~,C .t on
0 Eilter 80 of ~IG. 2 in~lude6 a plu~y of resQ~tor~,
here ~e~gJ~te~ by tmD~mis~on lines 104, 108, 112, 116, 120, 124, 128,
132, a~d 136. ~oDators ~sp e6~ Ed by t~ io~ line~ 104 136
are ea~ ~n~-t;vely loaded by ~:~0., 6 140,144,148,152,156, 160,
164, 168, s~d I72 to a~ elecL;c~l ground pla~e.
~5 Adjace~t ones ofthe reso~ators (,~,p,~ r l by
t-A--b ;~siQl~ lines iO4-136) ~re both iDductively coupled s~d
capaci~vely collpled to adjacent oIIes of t~e ~e~o~tor~. A fir~t filter
portion of ~ilter 80 ~ludes the reeo ~toJ ~ ,~.e~e .te-1 at the lefl
hand ~ide of filter 80, and a second filter portio~ of 1 he filter 80 i~
c~ ;sed of re60na~ formed at the ~ d side portion of t he
fig~e. ~ l~yct t~ 8~ of the first filter poriion are indic~t~d in t~e
figure by li~e 176. S~rly, i~put term;~ of the ~eoond filter
porhoIl are inAic~fe~ in tb~ figure by line 184. The fir~t filter ~. L~
' a~d the ~ecc,~ filter por~ ~are co only coDIlected to a ~gle
~-t~ n~ at t~llillal8 i~dicated by line 192.
o~ Bion li~e 104 i8 COI~ to fo~n a Slter-
r~l fi~ction zero, and tr~n~ eion li~es 10~116 are co~igured
to fonn Slter ~ io~ pole~ of the fir~t filter porlion.
,Q~ rly, ..~..~ FPd~n li~-136 is co~fi~d to form a filter-
tran~fer fi~n~l;;on~:zero, aIld t~ ron li~es l20-132 are o~figured
to ~o~n: Slter-tra~fer fiinction poles of t;he ~seco~d filter portion.
,ilual one~ of t~e reso~ators (,~iO~~ '~G l ~y
~: ~n~miPs?~ es 104-136) are inductively coupled to r~o~l~to~
wo 93/24~68 2 1 1 4 0 2 3 PCr/USg3/03693
adjacent t;hereto. In the figure, ~ducti te ool~p~ el~
~esQ~t~)rs ~ e-1 by tr~ nc~ li~eB 104 a~d 108 i~ in~ ~te~l
the fig~re by tr~n~ on line 202; similarly, in ln~t;ve conrlin~
~et,..e~, ~80~ato~ ~e_ .terl by L~sion line~ 108 and 112 ifi
5 ;nU~tell b7 tr~nn~ P~;on lil~e 206; inductive coupJi~g bel;ween
n~tQF8 le~..e~ b~ n~ io~ line~ 112 a~ld 116 i~ ~te
by tr~n~ ion li~e 210; ~duc~e coupling bet~n e2eor~0r~
~a,~8l~,nt~.1 by tra~io~ li~es 116 and 120 iB ind;r~ by
~n~niPpion 1jDe 214; in 3ncf;ve coupling between re~o~tor~
~ a~nte~i by tr~nP~n;r~on lines 120 a~d 124 iB indic~t~ by
t~n~ on line 218; ~ductive coupling between rB6t~nsltQI~
eBcnte~l by Lr~ .;P~OJ~ lineB 124 and 128 i8 in~ te~ by
nP~niP~ n ~e 222; in i1l~;ve coupli~g between reson~tQr6
~I..e~eQ~e~l by t -~ o~ line6 128 and 132 i8 ~p~ee~t~ by
5 t~nQ~nip~ o~ line 226; and, induclive coupling between re~ t~rs
repr~eç-.la.l by tra~niF~ion liDe.6 132 and 136 iB in~ ted by
tr~n~niRBion liDe 230. : :
A~ elec~i~ally-co~duc1ive matsrial ro~te 1 upo~ t~e
iDner ~uIfacc~ whi~h definc ~he iDner condvct~rs of the reffo~ator~ of
20 filter 80~(or f~ed upo~ a ~ce of ~e ~ e~ric blo~, aIId
ele~ 311y c~ne~ted to ~ i~er ~urfiaces), are capacitively
ooupled to co. ~ ~Fonding portion~ of:~adjace~t one8 of t;he reso~ators.
I~ the fi~, ~u~ ~apaciti~rc oo~P~ c ia i~ t~ by r~ b 234,
238, 242, 246,:a~d~250. Addi~Uy, capacitor~ 254 ~nd 258 ~ o~~t
~nput capacital-c~s;~ ~apaQtor~ 262 and~ 266 eqmil~r~ 130~1t iIlpUt
capacitanocs;~ a~d, capacitor~ 270~ a~d 274 re~.e~c~t c~upling
capacitance~ to:the:~nt~-la por~. : .
A~ ~d ~erein~bore, ~cre~g ~ e capaci'dive lor~inig
- of 1;heresonato ~ rthcrre~nct;oniT~ ephy~ical
dimien~i~ of a: dielecl~ic-block, duple~cer ~iter~ i8 li~i~d due to t~e
~oq~.G~en~ ~f~ Y--~- epaciDig bctwcen co~ Lve eleme~t~ of
~uch ~apacitors. ~ch ~ paciti~e~loadiDig~ a~e ~ e~ in the
fi g~re by capaciton~ l40-172.
:~ :
WO 93/24968 . . PCr/U$93/03693
9 - 1 o -
Co~vf ~Lror~ y~ the re~ rs of the filter, ~re~nte.l
~ ~e figure by t~lla~nipB~ es 104-~36, aTe all p~mi1~1y-sized.
Whe~ t~e pole resonator~ are ~mil~rly~etl~ the charac~eri8ti~:
r~mitt~llceg of ~he i~ ridual r~onators are all of ~ r values-
5 Acc~ gly, by ~od~l a~alygia, a ~odal ~ ce eqlt~;on ~y b~obt~ For i~ta~ce, by i~ node at which C~p9~1tOI~; 164,
246, and 250, and b~nSI~;Oo~Q~ L~nefi 128, 222, and 2a6 are all
0t!mm~, a nodal r~ srlce eq~ ;o~l may be o~ri~d a~ follow~:
j~o(c~ C246 ~ G2~o) j(Y128 ~ Y222 ~ Y2a6)Co~o - ~
where:
e cap~t~rlce of c~p~or 164
C~6 i8 the c~pacita~ce 4f ~ C~~r 246;
e capacitance of capacitor 250;
Y~2~ is t~e ~en-~iode r l~s ~ ce of t~n~ io~ e
~;
Y222 i~ the cha~acte~is~c ~mitt~rlce Of trfmPn~i~q;
e 222;
Y226 ia 1~e ~haracteristic r~ ce of t~
Ji~ 226;
~DO is t~ lar frequen~ at t~he c~ of ~ r e -rb~nd
of tltlQ filter;
~ i~ the ~lectrical le~h of the ~n~ o~ lines at ~O.
~ l~ore generally, for ~y ~hree adjac~t pole ~e&4~ "t~S i9
j, a~d k7 of filt~r 80, the follo~ ce eq~Qtj~ may be
obtain~d~
i)o(C; ~ Cjj ~ Cjk) - j(Yj ~'Yij ~ ~Yjk)c~t~o = ~
~ ~ :
where~
Yj i8 t~e even mode 1~baraCterl8tiC ad~ ~ OI
r~o~.~tnr j;
.
: :
W~ 93/24~68 2 1 1 4 0 ~ 9 PCI~/US93/~36~3
C; i~ 1 he ~lue of ~he cP~ h~l~ betweerl re~wl~t~r j
alld a grou~d pla~e;
Y~ he ~mlh~ haracteri~t;c aJ~;llc~ce between
C~6 i aIld j;
C~ the capacitive ~oupli~g bet~v~eI~ re~o~ t~ nd j;
Y~ iB the ~alue OI tlh~ m~ chara~nztic admitt~
betwee~ resQ~rt~ d k;
Cjk i~ 1he G~po~ ve c~ twe~ les~~~torfi j aDd
k;
~X)o iB t;he aagular firequen~y at the Ceht~ of the p~b~n-l
of ~he filter; a~d
i~ the elect~ical leIlgth of t~e brs~r9Q~~ Qri ~ eB at ~0.
ThiB ge~ralized ~ elr;~TI may be se~ d a6
follo~
Cjil (Yj ~ 'Y,j ~ Y3khot~Jc3o
AB n~ ~r~ ed pre~ ly, the resoDat~s o~ the fir6t filt~r
~rtion aIld of t~e ~o~d ~er ~o~i~ of a dupls~er filter, ~u~h as
filter 80, 8r~ ~.~io~ally, P mil~rly ~ D o;n~ rly r~
1~he a~ ee o~ 8u~h p<)le reso~tor~ sre ~mi~r Wit;h .~a~ct to
th~ above, ga~eralized ~ n, Y3, ~;j, a~d Y~ d t~he
jQT~ t;hereo~9 ar~ ~f s~mil~r val~ far b~h the fir~t filte~
por~o~ snd t~e seoo~ filter porl~o~
A ra~o between~t;he capa~tance o~he ~ecor~ filter
porti~n (i.e., Cj +: G~ + ~k Qf t;~e s~mld filter p~rtio~) to t~e
K~ r~ capacitaD :e of t~ fir~t filt~r portio~ (i.e~ + C~ of
~e fir~t fi~t~r port;;o~ i8 gi~ as foll~ws::
.
Cl - [flt~(~ta~f2,l~0)l
~h~re~
a~d f~ are t~e ~ . ~u~cie~ ~f t he ~wo
~ter port;io~s;
~4~? PC~ S93/03~93
- 12 -
fn i~ t;he a~erage of 'che two c~ r f~eq~Pn~ fi; a~ld
40 i6 ~he elec,~;~al le~gtJh of ~h~ tr~an~mi~ es at fO.
;o~ of thi~ ratio (in wbich tb~ ~dmitt~nc~6 of
~e two filter porti~ are equal and ca~cel one ~not~0r) in~lic~te~
5 1hat the ra~o betYv~en the nodal capaci~ve values ofthe two filter
~0. I,io~B to Gbt~in a de~d ~que~y r~spo~e of ~e ~ rle~er filter
o co nh:rled9 ~odal ~ v~;lue~ of ~e t~o filter porl;ion
of 1~he ~1lplP rer filter to be uf ~ ni~c~rlt~ ~t values.
o~ of ~ ~cit;ve elennent~ g capaciti~e Yalue~ fol~g
0 such ratio~ bcc~--.os ~ctical as the phy~ l rlim~nP~inn~ of t;be
ectt~ic block filter ~ ~ ed
The abo~e ratio C2/~l, iB obtpir~ by ~ he
.EIC~ of the fil~Qr porl;ion~ of the ~llpl~er filter to b~ ~m
cons~ u~led to be tL~ of rmil~ ad~ce (and ~so~
5 ;...yc~ c~) value~. HO~.e~er~ by ~lt~ ~e configll:tatioI~s of the
~e~o~tor~ of 1 he firs~ andl ~co~d ~r portio~ ,ely, of t he
plPYer filter, ~he P,l~ ~1 ~racter~c~ of ~he ,~ ive
~B20~QI'8 ~Ul be made to be of ~iPn;mil~r eleGtri~ ~aracte~stic~
(~ely, to be of ~i~e;m~ r r~ 'crlee~). Acc~l~li~ly, a tati3 of the
20 ~ ofthe~tfilter~o~t~thea,~ o~the~e~n~
filter portio~ may ~ ~ as foll~
Y21Y~ /Cl) (f2~ f2/fo)lta~t~ /f~
2~ ~vhere:
G2 i8 t~e co~ re ~alue of ~e ~e~ J
- filterportio~
Cl i~ 'dhe oombined ~odal C~-~ R~ ; Y~ of t;~e fir~t
filter ~o~
3~ ~2 is 1 he ce~ter ~ue~ of t;he ~R~b~ of ~lhe ~econd
filt~r portion;
fl i~ ~e ce~ e~y of the r~ of ~ first filter
P~
the a~erage of f~ ~d f~ d
WO~3/2~968 2 1 1 ~ 0 2 9 PCT/I~S93/1~3693
- 1 3 -
40 iB the el~ctric~l length of the t~nP~~ ;Q~ lines at fO.
A~cco.~;~gly, a de~red frequel~y 5~6pon~e of a dupl~Yer
filter may be o~tsine~ out a~e.,.4 1 he ~'IE;~J-~r't,C~ DÇdal
~pacitance~ -- i.e., the sum~ of all ~pacitance~ ~f ~ny ~de) by
s in~t~r~ E th~ relative el~l,;cal ch~ ~ten~c~ of the
t~nr~iP~ leB of t he fir~t filter portioI~ and ~he 8eCo~ Iter
por~o~. &ch alterati~n~ of ~e filter chara~t0~P~ ~ of ~he ~rle~er
filter may be obtai~0d by ~ ~ ~e geome~ic config~ration~ of t~e
.e~ tQrs of 1 he ~ filter por1io~B.
0 ~ g llest to t~e pe~D~cl~ve ~riew of El(; 3, a
~n~ rer filt~r, hexe .ofw,~ dlly by ~f~"c~ m0r~1 280,
o~ a fir~t ~f~ e~ ~m~ime-~t of the lJ~a~ o~ iB shown.
Eilter 280 may be ~p,~e~l,ed sçhP~r *cf~lly by t;he ~l~t ~rhPm~
of filter 80 ~FIG. 2. Eilter 280 is generally blo~ e L~
ts configurat;ion, and iB coTnrr-~e~ of a d;e~ ~Ltenal. Filt~r 280
.efins~ top ~Face a84, bottom surface 2B6, first ~de ~urface 288,
~ec~n~ ~id~ 290, ~ t sur~ace 292, a~d rear ~ide ~urface as4.
A co~ o~ ~ elec~ lly-co~du~ re matenal, t~pically a ~ilver-
J~L m~te~ iB applied to Fv~ portio~ o~l~Lt~ ~-
~ace 286, and ~ade ~ 288, 290, and 292. ~3uch psrtion~ of the
~ 28~292 are coupled t~ a~ el~ic~l grou~d plane. (~8 ~ill
be ~oted wi~ ~ t to F~G. 4 herPin~ w~ t;he ~&~ o~t;he
ele~llg~cond~olive m~t~ ~1 applied to sec~d ~ide ~urface 290 îs
applied ~ a = er to fo~ fir~t ~d ~eco~d filter portiorl c~upli~g
a~d ~ a co7irli~g electrode6 ~ea~
Fo~ed to es~end !ongitudi~ally alo~g 3~tY-~6~ytlinpl aSe6
~brough ~e ~dielect~ic blo~ b~r a ~ of 3~i~ ~ o1;1herwi~e, ar~
a senes of t~n~ia~io~ liDes, ~re ~e~~t~d ~ A~Ce
llumer~ 304, 308, 312, 316, 320~ 324, 328, 332~ ~d 336. Tlr~ n
~ ~o ~ es 30~36 col ~E~nd to L~ ,o~ ~es 1Q4-136 of t~he ~.
m~ffr:of filter 80 ~f ~IG. 2. T~ ;o~ ~es 304-336 define
o~m~ uporl t~p ~ur~ce ~84 of fil~r 2B0. T~e ~idewall~ ni~
ni~io~ s 304 336 are al80 i~ e~ l the ~e electrically-
Y~ e ~8ter~81 which coatB oute~ s~f~ f t he ~ ;s bl~
WO 93/24~68 ~ Pcr/US93~03693
4~'19 '~
It i~ xloted that, ~E18 h~ R;nn lines 304-336 fo2m re~Qn~tin~E
ion lille~, or, more s~mpl~ oIlators," when ~ of
~ o~ 1;r~ ~eq~ are applied there~o, the use of the
telms ~s~n~mip~on ~e a~d ~~~ t~ra ~vill, at ~0~, be used
5 interchsngeably h~einh~o~
f to u~ce 284 are ~ Dte~l ~I;h l;he ssme
electrically~conducti~e m~t~h coa1;s ~ide s~face~ of the
L, ;c block and ~dew~w~ich de~e 1;r~n~nips~Qr~ lines 304-
33~;. &ch portions Are i~ ted ~ the figure by ~ te-l area~ 338,
~ o 338' 342, 346, 350, 352, ~8, 362, 366, 370, 370', and 374. Pa~ d a~eas
338 374 are spaced ~ om one ~n~ tl er, a~ld are 1~eleby
c~a~ ely co. ~e~l ~he.~to~el~ ~r. p~in~E l area8 338 a~ld 338', 338'
alld 342, 350 and 3sa, 352 ~ 358, 370 and 370', and 370' ~d 374 are
al~o ~pr~tively coupled th~,~t~,~t~,er. The amo~t vf capacitive
5 ~ p1i~ is dete.~ b3r t;he ~i~e of t~e pai~ted a~ea~ as well as the
ion dista~ce bQt~veen adjaoe~t o~e~ of ~he p~in~ed area8.
e o~es of ~e ~ .k~ ar0aB 338, 342, 346, 35U, 358, 362, 366,
370, and 37~ cap~ ly loat tlle re~o~ators to grou~d.
It is al~ notea 1 hat the co~;~aLion of 1 he painted
~rea~ upon t4p 81~C~ as4 are for P~1~ of ~l~h .. Lion o~ly.
~er ~fig~s, typica~ly more comples, a~ of~.n*n ~6 ~;"tg~
upon top ~ acea o~ actllal filter4.:
of fil~er 280 ~ ypically ~fin~ l ~
te~ of a height~wise di~eL~ion, indicated by lille seE~nent 380, a
25 length~e din~ ndi~te~ by L;~e s~ e~ 38a, and a gro~d
- plule ~~:~.iOII di~ dicated by liDe ~ 384.
~~S ~ The h~:~lLwis~:~ din~sio~ :of ~e filt~r a~t~ es t~e
gth of refionE~g LAL~ ;~ line6 304-336 ~ h ç~
iY'~lly throlJgh t~e ~M ~ect~ic blo~. 8uch ~e~ghthwi~e
0 ' dime~on of:S~ filter i8 typic~lly ~ irlly f;sced~ a~ t he le~s OI
1.~ e~ :304-336 muBt ~ of ~lo~l~ pr~portio~al to t~e
R (iI~ ~he ~ 10~ bl~ ;~1) ~ os~l~ n~
rP~ he filtar por~o~ ~f 1~e ~ to be r~ ~he~eby. (AB
wayelsI~ 8 ~ Y l,-~,LiO~a~ que~, the le~ of
wo g3~24~68 2 1 1 4 ~ 2 ~ PCI/US93/03693
P ~ es 304-336 ~e al~o r~ e~ v~ Lion~ to
t;he f~e~uen~y of ~gn-l~ appLied to the filter portions of the filt~r.)
l~r~nip~îo~ e~ 304-336 only form re~ a~g t;r~na~iRfii~n li~a.e~
when thelengths of ~u~ ~ 8i~ line~ arepr~ tio~ e
w~vele~gt~ of ~ alB applied thereto. He~ce, the heighth~e
dimeDsion o~filter 280 i8 e~ lly ~ed for all~ pa~ r ~ le~P.r
Slter COn8~ !n.
~ iqlect~ic filt~r 280.iK 1~ypical1y m4- te~ upon an
elec1;rical c~,~t board b~ pQr;fionin~ ~eco~d ~ide ~urface 29~ upon
0 ~e ~urface OI the ~ hit board. Once n~o~...~l, ~e fil~r P~n l~
above t~e ~ ace of ~u~ ~4~t board by a di~ ce C~ Bpo~adiDg to
~he le~g~ of t he grou~d plane ~e~ lio~ disttmce"~e8~ted by
line ~e~ o .t 384. As ¢le~ )nic device~ typically ~ .t~ eve~al
tl~;c~ c~ul. bOardE 11~ '9~ upon o~e ano~er, the g~ d plane
~eparatio~ di8ta~1Ce d~es ~he ~.. ;.. :... ~ hei~t~ e Pp~g
betwee~ ~uch ~ e~, elect~ical L~ ~tboards. As i~ ein ~he
~im-~n~on~ of the gro~d plane ~epara~io~ ~ c~ would ~e~ult i~
~ et phy~ical dimensions of a d~vice i~co~ uch, the
gr4u~d plane ~ on ~ 0 t~ ly fi~ed to be 0I le88
: ~ a .. r ~Y;~ IP~;1~ ~
ion line~ 304, 308, 312, aIld 31¢ co~ he
rs of a fir~t filter porlio~ of t~e duple~er filter 280.
Tr~nNni~si~ ~e~ 304 and 336 are ~o~figured to fo~m filt~r~ e~
fu~ction zeroe~ of:1~e r*sp~liv~ filter porti~Ils of filt~r 280, ~d
~ r'~!n li~B 308~316 and 320~32 are ~-od to fo~ };l~er-
transfer fi~CtiOllp 80f t~ filter~rtio~. ~r-~ n
t 1~ 320,~324, 328,~32,~ 336 co~pri~e:tbLe ~s~ato~ o~ d
fil~r po~o~ of d~le~er filter 280. ~ T~e ~B ~ff.o~ ~ea8 of
- o~g co~dbc~rs ~f all of ~e h~ ioll li~e~ 336 a~e !
ci~lar, h~ " 1he ~ vl~8 of th~ B B~ re~ of
io~ e& 3~4-3l6 o~ er p~o~ are ~.~a~. ~
: :len~ t~an co~p~di~g le~gth6 0f diu~ oiE ~.o~ ~wtions of
t~n~ ioD li~es 320, 324, 328, 332, a~d 336. Bec~ e of 1~e
~i~Q.mil~r c~ ~ion of the ~r~n~ L~e~ oiE ~he ~e~
~- W~ 93/2~i~68 : Pcr/US93~03693
~ - 16
filter portio~s of filter 280, ~he ele~l ,;c~l ~haracte~is~cs of ~
r~Qn~tors, ~mely the admitta~ces of the ~ .e~ ,e tr~nRmi~~;on
lines, iare ~liP~n ilrr. B~r Puit ~1e ~lec~;or~ of'the ratio6 of thie
a.l~ ces of the ~ ;PB!IO~ lines, a~d by proper 3Is?ectio7 of the
5 geometric co~fi~tion of ~e ~ -~i"BiO~ le8 of the fi~ter
portio~ e filter ch~ ~nri~tics of 1 he ~eparate filter portions may
be ~e1e~t~ de~d.
~ IG. 4 i~ a new ta~en from bor~9s~t~ ~e~ 3 side surface
290 of dielect;ric filter 280 ~f FIG. 3. A~ noted briefly hen ~ re, t~e
0 electrically~ e material co~te~l up~n ~ce 290 IEI co~te~ in a
manner to form input co~plin~ electrodes for ea~ filter, a~d
co~plin ~ el~cl~ for common co~ection of bo~ filter portions to
an 9,--~ ...0 The 1 ~Alo - ~iew of FIG. 4 ~lustrates input covpler6 376
and 384 of fir~t and ~eoond filter porlio~"~P~ ,ely, of filter 280,
15 aI~d ~nt~nn- coupler 392. ~
E'tG. 5 i8 a plan ~i0w of a dupleser filter, here ~&re..c~ to
generall~ by .efelence m~ l 580, of a~ alter~ate, ~..cf~..e.l
e~ ellt of the ~.eBe~ ~Lion taken f~om above top surface ~84
of 1~e filter. T op surf~ce 584 of filter 580 of ~IG. ~ eq~
top surface 284 of filter 280;of FIG. 3. 1'~ ~ion li~ 4, 608,
612, 616, 620, 624,'628, ~2$ and 636 eYt~i ~ong .e~ c
lon~t~ n~l ase~ thereof ~hrough dupleser filt~r ~80 ~ manners
gws to ~ .,E~ b ~ ion of ~ G ..~ n li~es 304 336
offi~ter 280 :of~ElG. 3. ~nd, ~ t~ portio~ 638, B38', 642, 646, 650,
2s 652, 658, 662, 666, 670, 670', and 674 are c~ l upon top sur~ 584 of
p1~er f lter~580.~ Adjaoent~ones of p~ted porlion~ 674 are
cllpacili~eb ooupl~d~ to one a~o~= ' Addili~, p;~.l portiol~s
d 638', 638' and 642, 650 a~d 652, 652 aDd 6~8, 670 and 670', a~d
670' a~d 674 are eapac,.l;~el~ led t~ olle another. Portio~ 638i,
642s 646, 660, 658, 66a, B66, 670, aIld 674 ~180 ca~ti~elyload
~O~ s~ ve o~es OI t~ resona~s. ~
rlLF-~DS '~ 5AlOD liIlLe~ 604, 608, 612, and 616 cv~,;~c 1he
o ~otol ~ of ~e first filter por~o~ of duple~er filter 580;
m;~ion li~e~ 620, 624, 628, 632, and 636 ~v~ e t;he re~o~ r~
W093/24g68 17 PCr/US93/03693
of 1 he ~econ~l filter por8On of dupleser filter ~80. T~ p;on li~es
ff~ a~d 636 are conti~o~l ~o form fi~ ctio~ zeroe~ of
1he r~e~ o filter portioDs of filter 580, a~d ~:..a-.~ir3?.0r~ es 608-
616 a~d 620-632 are ooDiigured to form filter-tran~fer f~ . pole~ of
5 the reepec~i~Je filter porliona. C~eE~ e~;o~al ~ of l~ P~;on
li~e8 604-616 a~ liq~m;l ~r i~l geom~txic c~ lion wi~ t;tle
cros~-~ectional ars~ of 1~ ~ r.~J~ e~ 62~;36 of t;he ~eco~1 filter
portio~ of filter ~80. H~re, ~ line~ 604-616 are of cros~-
~c*on~ whicll are ci~lar in ~ Ho~ e~ roo~ ee~:ors of
0 tr~n~niP~n line~ 620-636 are elu.. ~e~l in direction6 tra~er~e to
the long~tu~ a~e8 of the tran~mi~sion li~es. For in~t~n~ e, point
678 ~e~leE~- ~tP a lon~ of h9"t~ P~o~ ¢ 620. Iiine 682
oee-~t~ t~he ~unou~t of ~o ~~"on of the i, --~ P;on line in a
d;~e_~on ~l~s~ de to t~e di~Lion of lo~t~ in~l aDB 678.
8imilar eloDgation of tran~verse ases of oth~r of t~e
tr~nP~iPqion hnes may be ~mil~.ly 8hown. As t~e Ir~ s- ~;8~Qn
e~ of the ~st fiilter portion of duple~cer 580 a~e ~lio~m;l~r ~
g~e~ic co~fi~ qti~-. :wi~ a t,~ ;Ps;o~ line of t~e ~eco~ filter
portion of ~e duple~er Slter, t~e elec~ acteriP~ namely~
1~e ad~ittan~s, of 1~he ~nh,.u~o~ ~e~ of t~l8 ~ ;Ve filter
pofio~8 differ. Br a~e~selec~o~ of ~he rel~ e dime~sions of
1~e L~ ~a~ on li~es of thè sep~rate filter portions, a de~ired
firequen~ ponse of t~e ~ P,r filter may be obtai~ed.
T~ ~t ~ :~he plan; view of FIG. 6, a ~l~ple~er, here
lefe~.e~l to generaD~ by::~aife,~ee Dum~ral 780, of S~O0~~F ~1te~n ~ts,
; prefe~ sm~i~ent of ~ t he preseIIt ~ .cn is ~how~, taken f~om
c~ ibovot~80rli~ 784~0f1hefi~ r780. .~
l~mi~ li~ 804, 8~8, 812, 81~, ~20, 824, 828, 832,
d 836 e~d ~loDg la~r2~ e loIIgitudi~al ~XeB 1~ough ~he iSlter
- 3û ' ~: ?80. ~ ~ p~rtions 838, 8~8', 842, 846, 850, 852, 8~8, 862, 866, 870,
870', a3ld 874 ~of an elect~ e ~ tsll upon
top surfiaoe 784. Adjacent painted po~lions 838-874 are capaci'd~vely
: ~ ~ ooupled ther~toget~er.
:
WO 93J2q968 PCI/US93/03693
s~ - 18-
T~n~ line8 804, 808, 812, and 816 form ~he
re~o~tor~ of a f~rst filter porlion of ~nrl~er filter 780. q~n~ eicr.
lines 82û, 824, 828, 832, aI~d 836 form 1 he re~o~ato~ of a ~ec~nsl filtsr
portion of dupleser filter 780. n ~ sion lines 804 and 836 are
oo~figured to fo~m filter-~fer fi~nctio~ zeroe~ of the re~re~v~
filter portio~ of filt~r 780, and L~ ion 1jIIeB 808-816 and 820-832
are c3~figured to ~orm filter~t~A.Aarer functio~ poleB ot' t~e l e~ e
filter portions. The c,. ~ ~ional areas of ~ r~?o~ line~ 804-
816 are elo .~;~te l in dir~ n~ e to lo~t~in~ l asi~ of the
0 ~ ,e.~ a .~i~n~n li~e. For i~PLr~ ~t 875 ~ eE~ t~ a
dir~ of l~A~ ng;o~ Line 816. I~ne 877 l~r~C~-~t~ the
elongation of the tr~nn~nips;on 1ine in a direction tran~ve~se to t}le
londt~ in~ 875. S~a~ly, ~osa ae~:on~l areas of
tr~n~ n;PQ; .~ es 820-836 are alBO elo~eptef~ e~ C!n~ tra~BVer8e
to the lo .~ ;~ asis of ~he re~e ~iv* tr~nn~ ?on line. ~or
instance, point a78 repre~ents a lo~;t~ i., of ~qn~ Q;t~
li~e 820. I~e 882 ~ e~ the elo~gation of the l,~ iR~jQn line
in a Llec~;oII t,rLu~.e~.,c to ~t;;he longitudin~ a~i., 878.
The ~ount of el~gali~ .lio~ . LC to the
lorgit~.di~l ~ of L ~ on L~ne~ 804-816 i~ les~ ~ 1 he
a nOUDt. of ~longacion ~ direclion~ L.~ e~ae to ~e long~
~: of ~-r- .Q ~iR~iOn]ines 820-836.~ Acco.Ji~l~" t;lle geometric
a~ons~of t he re~oDstors of ~he .~ s~ ve filter port~ons of
d~ple~er filter q80 di~er, and:the e~ectrical ~aracteri~ of ~u~
t~n~ni~;or~ Ime~ di~er. - :
~ ~ ~ ~ By appn~pn~ e,ele~~ of ~.e ~ e_~ee Aim-~nP~o~s of ~e
-- n~sio~ liDes~of ~he~filter:portions; a desi~ed ~eque~ e~ronse
o f ea~ filt~r porlion of:~uplese2 filter 780 may be obt~ined.
IG. 7 i~ a pla~ n~w of a duple:~r filter, here aefe~.ed to
30 ~ ràlly by ~ nce~nd 980, of allother al~ate, ~fe..ed
emhQdi~lent of the k.ec~t ~.~l ion, taksn f~om aboYe top su~face
984 ~ ~of ~
l~pIe~r fiIter 980 i~ludes t~no~i~o~ line~ 100~,
1008, 10I2, 1016,1020,1024,1028, 1032, ~d 1036 ~ "~tl;"r, ~ong
211~029
WO 93/24968 PCl /I lS~3/03693
,~ - 1 9 -
s
~e~t~l~inol a~e~ t~ereof through tbe dupleser filter~ pQirlt~ 1
por~o~s 1038, 10381, 1042, 1046, 105~, 1052, 1058, lQ62, 1066, 1070, 1070',
a~d 1074 of an electri~y c~ ve J" te~ are ~r-;..ted upon top
e~ ~ 984 of tbe duple~er fiill;er. Adjaaent one~ of the ~ ot~,~
5 portio~ e capacitiYely ooupled to one aS~o~her. A1BO pai~têd area~
1038 aIld 1038', and painted ar~a~ 1070 and 107Q' are al~o ~apaci'dvely
ooupled to one aIlol ber. Portions 1038, 1042, 1046, 1050, 1058, 1062,
1066, 1070, a~d 1074 alBO load res~e~ive o~es of ~he rewnators.
Ih~mi~sion lines 1004, 1008, 1012, and 1016 co~~ e
1 û t~e resor ~tQrs of a first filter portion of the h ~le~sr filter,
~n~rniRsion lixles 1020, 1024, 1028, 1032, and 1036 c~ e t~e
resonators of a seco~d filter porti~n of t~e dup}eser filter
T~ - _~;R~iQn li~es lO04 ~nd 1036 are configured to form fil~r-
e. fu~ction _.oe8 ofthe ,~ ve filter portions of filter 980,
a~d L~"Q " Qt~j~ lilles 1008-1016 and 102~1032 are configured to
io~m filter transfer functi~ poles of t~e re8~cl.i~ e filter portion~
Cro~s sections of l~rA ~ ion line& 1004-1016 of ~e fir~t
filter portion are 1 I~Q ~ r in ee~lc confi~Lo.. with CrOB~
~ectio~areasofL ~ ionli~eslO20-1036oft;llesea~filter
por~on. Here, 1 he crc~s~ ions of tr~nP~niQ~o~ lînes 1004~1016 are
elong~te~ ~ &.ed~ion6 trhu~ at to lo~t~ n ~l ~ses t~e~oof. For
ta~ce,a~lo~r~;itv.~ asisof:L~ ionline1016isindicated:by
point 1075.~ L~ne 1077 re~e~ b the elo-~t;on in 1 he direc~on
.6~ to:the longit~l asi8 1075. The: Crl)3~1 se~ion~ of
2s t~np~nip~ion liDes;~1020-lO36 are cir~ular
B¢~e:~he~geomet~ic~ ;io--~s of ~A~ ;P~on
- line6 1004-lOI6 :of~ t filter por~on are ~ m;i~r wi~ the
'~ geom:etIic C0~ ~liOI~8 of ~ c ;~;on lines 1û20-1036 of the
; ~ ~d~filter p~on, the ele~cal character~ of 1~e - .
;30 tr~n~ q~ion~lineB~ of ~he~different filter por~oDs, ~amely, t}le
s~il,l~ces1i~of,~ r. By;appropria~eel~c~ofthe
dimenQ~e~ of ~he L~ n li~es of t~;e two filter portion~, tbe
deRired elecL;c~l e~racteri~tics of the fil'ter portion~ of the ~.lrle~er
filter may be obtaiDed. ~
WO 93/2~968 ~3~ PCI'/US~3/03~93
40~
- 20 -
EIG. 8 i8 a plan view of a ~ ple~,r filter, re~ed to
geIlerally by reference num~ral 1180, of yet anot~er alter~at~,
~fe,-~c d ~m~li~ent of the pre~e~ ~v~lion, taken firom abo~.re top
8urfiace 1184 t~ereof.
I)uple~erfilter 1180 i~cludes l, n~ ;on li~es 1204,
laO8, 1212, 1216, ~, 1224, 1228, 1232, a~d 12~. P~te.lpor~ons
1238, ~',1242,1246,1260,1252,1256,1262,1266,1270,1270', and
1~7~ are y ~ ~ 1 upon top ~urfac0 1184 whereby adjacent OlleB of t}le
p&.l.ted portion~ are capac~liv~el~ coupled t~eretoge~her. Porlion~
0 1238, 1242 la46, la50, 1256, 1262, 1266, 1270, and 1274 also load
,e~pe~l ve one8 of the ,~ t~
T.~ u~ ion line~ 1204-1216 co~y.;se the re~onators of
first filter portion, and L~ n line~ 1220-1236 c~ e the
ic~o..~t~. ~ of a ~econd ~r portion of dupleser Slter 1180. The
trPnRmi~ioJ lille~ of ~pl~er filter 1180 are ~m;lnr ~ 1~3;m~- P~nna
Wit;tl cOr-o~onding ~n~ on ~ines of dupleser filter 980 of FIG.
7, ~nd the details 0f su~h will not ~n be ~
~ The 1,, ~ n;~iCII hnes 1204 1216 and 1:220-1236 of
dupleser fil~er 1l80 are not eq~ ;L~ y Ypn~ tead, ~pa~g
between the ~L~ Rf~ion liDeB of ~e ,~ e fil~r portion are
EpacedatirTeg~ padngs. S~.e~ oflhe:line~eg~e~ts1278,t282,
1284, 128B,~ 2, lag6,~ and~ 1298 ~re of dil~m;l-r le~, and
~p.'~E~ 1he:irre~ular~ E}~A~ F' between adjaceIlt o~e~ oft;~e
.oJ.~ .eB 1~1216 aIld 1220-1236. Su~ ~p~i~n~ iD the
: 25 ~paciDg bc~weèn adjacent ones of the ~ c-ion l~e~ ma;y be
ected:to vary fi~ er 1he~ele~ charact~rip~ of 1~e filter
tio~, and,~he~ce, ~he ~equQlcy respo~es fff :the filter po~1ions of
- duplé~er filter 1180.
EIG. 9 i~ a plaIa view of a '~ )e~er filter, here ~efe~,~d to
~ gener~lb by .ef~.e~ce ~numeral 1380, ~of alao1 her alter~ate, ~. e~e~
eml~o~ -ntofthe~e~ ti~ f~ on~ takellf~abovetopr~fs.~e
D. ~,leY~ filter 1380 rn~ude~ f~s ..~ n li~les 1404,
1408, 1412, U16j 1420, 1~24, 1428, 1432, and 1436 ~ alo~g
.
WO 93/24968 2 1 ~ 4 0 2 9 PCI'~US93/03693
- 21 -
lon~t~ n~l ases ther¢of tLoll~ the duple~er filter. P~int~ 1
po~on~ 1438, 1438', 1442, 14~, 1450~ 1452, 14~ 462, l~66, 1470, 1470',
a~d 1474 of an electrisa~y~ ductive mat~rial are pai~ted up~n top
~ur~ace 1384 of ~he duple~er filter. hljacent o~e~ of the
5 portion~ are capacit;ively ooupled to one another. Al~o, l~A;~t~l
po2~0ns 1438 a~d 1438', 1438' and 1~42, 14~0 ~1452, 1452 a~ld 1456,
1470 and 1470', 1470' and 1474 are ~l~o ~pa~ti~,el~ c~upled to one
her~ Po~iio~ 1438,1442,1446,1450,1458,1462,1~66,1470, and
1474 al~o load reB~¢~ 3 ones of the revonator~.
~nornireioD line~ 1404, 1408, 1412, and 14~ 6 co~ e
t}~e re~or.~tor~ of a fir~t filter por~on of ~he .ll.ple~er Slter,
e;~ eB 1420, 14~, 1428, 1432, and 1436 co~r~e the
r~o ~t~r~ of a seco~d filter ~rtion of the ~ rleo~er filter.
~n~n;ss~Q ~ liDes 1~4 and 1436 are coDfigu~ed to foIm filter-
15 tra~.~."~1:o~ oft~e~lf~ e~ilte~portio~sofSlterl380,
and ~n~nia~on ~e~ 140~1416 and 1420-1432 ~re c~ hol to
form filter~ sfer fimctioIl potes of t~e ~eDl,e~ ;Ye filter portion~.
C~OB~ ~lio~ of h~ G:-~ liDes 1408 and 1416 of the
first filter portion a~ ~milqr i~ geome~ic con~igurahon wit~ a
cross secti:on of ~ ~on line 1~12 of the ~t filter portion. H~re,
~e ~ ~~1,ion8 of ~ e~ 1408,1412,
and 1416 are::circular,:~e d~eter:oft~e cro~a Aection of
P~ fiion~ e 1~4:12 ifi ~ an the~ ~etrr~ o~ on
liDes l408 a~d:~1416. ~
~ O~B s~lio~:of~lA~c-~ ~0?3 liIle~ 1420 a~d 1428 ofthe
d filter ~o~ are :~ rm;l~r iD geometric co~iion with
'"i '~ ' ~ao ~ec~o~s of:lr~mi~io~ es ~424 aIld :1432 of 1he seosnd f~lter
- portiolL Her~ e~vess~_Lio~ofh~ c~ nliDes14~ d1432
~e e~o~te~ l ases 1 hereo~,
o and ~e ~ oIls of ~ "r .~ ~io~l lines 1420 and 1428 are
:: circlllar. : ~
FIG. lO is a pta~ neu ~f~a duple~er filter, here ie~e~,ed
~; ~ : to g.,.,~,.,lly:b~ ,~ce DUllle~ll 1580, of an~
W093/24g68 ~ -22- PCI/US93/03691
tJ.e~ e-l e~ .t of t}le pre6ent i.lve~ o~, taken from above top
surface 1584 thereof.
DspJ~er filter 1580 ~ludes tran~~ r lines 1604,
1608, 1612, 1616, 16~0, 1624, 1628, 1632, and 1636 ~ . I . ..1;.~¢ along
5 long~ in~l ases ~hereoft;brough t~e dupleJ:er filte~. ppinte
por~on~ 16~8~ 1638', 16~2, 1646, 16507 1¢52, 1656, 1662, 1666, 1670, 1670',
a~d 1674 of an elec~ic~lly ~,.~ ;ve material are ~L~ l upon top
surface 1584 of ~e duple~er filter~ Adjacent ones of the pPinte l
portio~s ~re capa~tivel~ ooupled to one anoth~r. .Al~o, pri.~te~l area6
16~8 and 1638', 1638' ~nd 1642, 1650 aI~ 2, 1652 and 1656, 1670 aIld
1670', and 1670' ant 1674 are capacitively ~upl~ to one aIlother.
Po~io~s 1~,1¢42,1646,1650, t656, 1662,1666,1670, and 1674 al80
load ,e~ e ones of t~e, ~e Ptors.
a.,io~ lines 1604, 1608, 1612, and l61 6 C~ ;8e
1 he l'eBOllatOl'B of a first filter por~ion o~ l he duple~cer filter,
L ~ s~on li~:es 16aO, 1624, 1628, 1632, a~d 1636 compri~e the
re~onators of a ~eoond Slter portioll of 1 he duple~er filter.
nA~ -;P~ lines 1604 and 1636 are configured to form
filter tr~ fi~aon ze~B of the re~e~ - filter portions of filter
158Q, uld li~es 16~)&1616 aIld~ 1620~1632 are co~ d
to fonn filter~ 4f~r fi~cbon poleB of;the ~ ~eJ ~e filter portion~.
~ Ct~)88 8ecti0~ of 1~ans~s~ion lines 1608 a~d 1616 of the
first filter porlion~ are~Ai~milRr in geo~ic configural;ion with a
: croBs se~ n of~L.~ oIlline 1612. Here, the cross section~ of
l ~ Q~,o~ e8 1608, 1~12, a~d 1616:are all dong~e~1 in direc~io
verse to ;t~e long~t~dinal; ases:~ tbereo~, howe~rer, t~e amount of
;~ do~uation~of1hel~o.sea~e6of~ .c~ sionliDe~1608a~d1616
are less ~ ~he ~mount of elo~gation of the l,,a~ e a~B of
~ ~ ~n~niP~j~n li~e 1612. ~ I !
~ AIteration~ of ~t~e geome~ic coDfi~ra~on~ of adjacent
~80Dator8 Pl~ts~t~ie~ col~p~ o-l 8uch adjacent rçso~.~tQrs as
well as loading~ o~noes of t~e .~ ec~ resonators. .~ li~ of
the geo~n~tric:~coDfigurlltio~s of t he re~o~at~., D: i8, hence,
d~te~ ;ve~of~ efiltercharacteri~lic~of1he~npl-~erfilter.
:~:: ~ : : :
WO ~3/2q9~8 2 1 1 ~ 0 2 9
- 23 -
CrOB~ sectiOns Of tl~ln~ RRior~ li~e~ 1620 and 1628 of the
8eCOn~ r portio~ ar~ ;mi1nr iII geometric co~figura'don w~th
C~rOElB ~ectiorls of tr~n~m;p~Q~ e~ 1624 a~d 1632 of the ~e~ond filter
portion. He~ e CrO8~1 ~e~ a of ~ r~ line~ 1620 ~d 1628
are elo7~o~ lio~ se tO the h~-~6~ilv~ 1 aa~e~ Of the
re~pe~ e .~0 ~,tO~ 1620 a~d 1628 bY a fir~t amOu~t, aIId t~e CI088
On~ O~tr~n~ n1~r~ ;I1e8 1624 and 1632 are ~1O~gP~
e~i~n~ 1irans~erse to the lon~ ~e8 of ~ e~ v~e re~on~tor6
1624 a~d 1632 by ~econd ~ou~ts.
0 Filter 1580 Purt~er ~ilude~ V 8hs~p~t~ notche~ 1678 a~d
1680 fo~ed to e~tf~ lo~t~in~lly ~o~g ~5 ~E side surface~ of
the filter bel~e~ trF~n~ e~ 1~08 aDd 1812. ~6:imilQrly, V
Ft~P~ l not~e~ 1682 and 1684 are formed to e~ ~ong o~o~
~urfaces of tl~e filter bet~veen t~ r-~;qsio~ line~ 1612 a~d 1616. ~ Y-
P~red not~er 1688 a~d 1688 are ~ alO~g OP~r;~ BU~aCe8 of
1 he filt~r between ~ ' F~D;~ line~ 1620 a~d 1624, 'V ~
~otc~e~ 1690 ~d 1692 are form~d ~o~g orpo~ ~ra~es of the filter
~elwe~h l~ ;P~io~ liDes 1624 and 16a8, and V r~ otrhs~
1694 a~d 1696 are fi~ed alo~ ~ s~ c~ of the filter
-20: betwee~ o~ es l6Z8 a~d l632.
: Not~hes 1678~16~6 al~r the amouDt of electro~gn~;c
pling betweell adjace~t o~e~ of t;he t;r~n~n~ip~n linea. By
remo~ g ~rolu~ of ~ ae~c ~ate~L;al of the ~iP~leet~ic block ~by a
~.oc~s of anoldilQg or o&~ e), t;he amouDt of el~c~ ~e~;c
coopliDg betwee2l 8u~:h a~ t tr~np~nie~-~? Ji~e~ i~ red~c~d. The
~l1?pt~4 o~ I~U~h ltQt~ ~r defi~s t~e a~ouDt of reduc~oDi o~he
i ~ ~ elecl~on~ etic eoupliDe betweeDi adjaceDit tr~ro~ Q-~ IiD.e8.
B~r~approp~te ~e~;~ oft}le dimen~io~s of ~bie
re~ Ye o~ie~ of ~ Qi~ IiDe~ of the two filter poa~ior~, ~he
de~ired el~ ch~icten~tiic~ of 1 Ihe filter portii~s of ~ie d~lrl~er
filter may be obtained.~
IG. 11 is a blo~ di~~i~ of a radio tr~ iver, 8~1~i
a~ a radiotelepho~ v~ iDi a ceDiular, o~ ;Qn ~,~
~nd ri~~~L~ to here ~,~.~c,~ y by JL~e~ J~n~ l 17~0.
W093/24968 ~ Pcr/Us93/~36s3
- ~4 -
TrPn~ee;v~sl 1756 in~,l~l~~F a ~.lpleYer 8UC~ as a duplexer ~hown in
one vf the ~ C~ l;. .g figures aa a portio~ 1~ereof.
A 0igllal ~n~ e~ k~ b~saeiver 1750 i~ ~ecc~Yed by
pntqnn~ 1756, a~d a 8ig3~lal ~p~e~ ~t -~ ve t;hereofi~ g~llerated on line
1762 ~d applied to filter 1768. Filter 1768 l~r~ P to a fi~tfilt~r
portio~ of ~be Slter duple~er of one of 1~e ~,o~ l;.~ figure~. Filter
1768 generate~ a fil~red ~i~ on line 1774 whi~h i8 applied to
r~ 1778. ~;C~;~ 5,~ ~77~ rO~ nCt~
~uch a~ dow~-conver~ion a~d de~ o~ o~ of the ~;ved ~ l, a6
iB ~ve~-t;o~ TPqn~nit~er C~ 1786 i~ operat;i~ve t~ motln
a~d up co~ .. L ~ f~eque~y a ~ l by tra~
1750, s~d to ge~erate a ~nal on li~e 1700 w~ pplied to filter
~.~,~ 1794. Pilter ~ 1794 o~ e~ a ~eco~ filter portion
o~ one of t;;he filter duplexsr of the y~ Et~ e figure~ and i~
~enerate a filtered ~i~ sv~ich i~ ~pplie~ nt~nn~ 1756 by way of
l~e1762to~t~,s~ t-l~erefirom-
ow to t;he 1o~i~1 flow dia~am of FIG.
12, t;~e ~et;h~d, .efe..ed to geDerall~ by .~f~ ce mlmP,ral 1859, of a
od;~ ntof1he~ ~b~Lio~ia~ho~. Eirst,~d
as ~ t~ by blo~k 1856,~a fir~t filt;er~ porti~ La~6 at least
~o:~esonators ~t~ f,..~:~lly l~ tud~ally alo~g a
lonE~t~din-l ~ ~is tber~of b~ ~. .,o,~ ~he top a~d hotl~ su~ces of ~he
~liPle~ic blo~k is fi~nnedl A first of the at lea~t two re~n~or~ i~ of a
CTI)B~ ~O~ll area of a firs~ configura~on, ~d a ~e~l of 1~e at
25 lea~t two re~ollators is of a cro~s ~c! :r ~-~l area of a ~ec~
c~suGgu~ o~ d;~r ~ r to; the geome~ of ~he fir~t
~~ ~ ~ Ne~t, ~d a~ ir~t~ by block 1862, a ~e~nd filter
~ ~ atleast o~e re~ona~or r ~ lly
l~gitudi~l~ g;10~6.t~ l axe~ ~ereo~e~ ,e~ ~he top a~d
30 ~atlo~ ~ces~of lhe~ e~nc blo~ is ~ e~l
W~ile t~e prese~t i~ s bee~
~onnection wi~ 1he y,.,fe.~el ~o~i~ent~ sh~ the ~d3u&
figure8, it is to be ~de,D~d ~at o~;her ~milnr emho~i~e~ may be
u~d ~d m~lifi~t;on~ aDd O ~ may be made to the described
W~ 93/24968 2 1 1 4 ~ 2 ~ ;PCr/US93/036g3
- 2~ -
~ho~lim ~n~a fior ~e~fol~ the same funcl;ion of the pre~ent
Lioll ~n1hout de~riati~g the.c~ L Tbe~,~foL~, the pre~e~t
ould Ilot b~ ti~it~ y ~i~gle em~im~n~ but r~t~er
~L.~ed m l,~.llh ~d scope in awo,~ e wi1h the ~ec:t~o-~ of
~e ~ ded rl~
.
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