Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
WO93/07~K PCT/U~g2/08
Lymphokine Gene Therapy of Cancer
BACKGROUND 212112 7
This application is a continuation-in-part of
United States Patent Application Serial No. 07/781,356,
filed on October 25, 1991, which is a continuation-in-part
of United States Patent Application Serial No. 07/720,872,
filed on June 25, 1991, both of which are incorporated
herein in their entirety.
Recent advances in our understanding of the
biology of the immune system have lead to the
identification of important modulators of immune responses,
called cytokines (1-3). Immune system modulators produced
by lymphocytes are termed lymphokines, a subset of the
cytokines. These agents mediate many of the immune
responses involved in anti-tumor immunity. Several of
the~e cytokines have been produced by recombinant DNA
methodology and evaluated for their anti-tumor effects.
The administration of lymphokines and related
Lmmunomodulators has resulted in objective tumor responses
in patients with various types of neoplasms (4-7).
~owever, current modes of cytokine administration are
frequently associated with toxicities that li~it the
therapeutic value of these agents.
For example, interlsukin-2 (IL-2) is an important
lymphokine in the generation of anti-tumor immunity (4).
In response to tumor antigens, a subset of lymphocytes
termed helper T-cells secrete small quantities of IL-2.
This IL-2 acts locally at the site of tumor antigen
stimulation to activate cytot~xic T-cells and natural
killer cells which mediate systemic tumor cell destruction.
Intravenous, intralymphatic and intralesional
administration of IL-2 has resulted in clinically
significant responses in some cancer patients (4-6).
However, severe toxicities (hypotension and adema) limit
the dose and efficacy of intravenous and intralymphatic IL-
:
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WO93/07~K 2 1 2 1 1 2 7 PCT/US92/08~
2 administration (5-7). The toxicity of systemically
adminifitered lymphokines is not surprising as the~e agents
mediate local cellular interactions and they are normally
secreted in only very small quantities.
Additionally, other cytokines, such as
interleukin-4 (IL-4), alpha interferon (-INF) and gamma
interferon (y-INF) have been used to stimulate Lmmune
re~ponses to tumor cells. Like IL-2, the current modes of
administration have adverse side effects.
-
To circumvent the toxicity of systemic cytokine
administration, several investigators have examined
intralesional injection of IL-2. This approach eliminates
the toxicity associated with systemic IL-2 administration
(8,9,10). However, multipIe intralesional injections are
required to optimize therapeutic efficacy (9,10). ~ence,
the-e injections arè impractical for many patients,
partioularly when tumor sites are not accessible for
inje¢tion without potential morbidity.
An alternative approach, involving cytokine gene
transfer into tumor cells, has resulted in significant
anti-tumor immune responses in several animal tumor models
14). In these studies, the expression of cytokine.gene
products following cytokine gene transfer into tumor cells
has abrogated the tumorigenicity of the cytokine-secreting
tumor cells when implanted into syngeneic hosts. The
transfer of genes for IL-2 (11,12) y-INF (13) or
interleukin-4 (IL-4) (14) significantly reduced or
eliminated the growth of several different histological
types of murine tumors. In the studies employing IL-2 gene
transfer, the treated animals also developed systemic anti-
tumor immunity and were protected against subsequent tumor
challenges with the unmodified parental tumor (11,12).
Similar inhibition of tumor growth and protective immunity
was also demonstrated when immunizations were performed
&~
WO93/07~K PCT/USg2/0~
3 2121127
with a mixture of unmodified parental tumor cells and
genetically modified tumor cells engineered to express the
IL-2 gene. No toxicity associates with localized
lymphokine ~ransgene expression was reported in these
animal tumor studies (11-14).
While the above gene-transfer procedure has been
shown to provide anti-tumor lmmunity, it still retains
practical difficulties. This approach is limited by the
inability to trc ;fer functional cytokine genes into many
patients' tumor cells, as most patients' tumors cannot be
e~tablished to grown in vitro and methods for human in vivo
gene transfer are not available.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present inv-ntion demonstrates a novel, more
practical method of cytokine cancer ~notherapy. In one
approacn, selected cells from a patient, such as
fibroblasts, obtained, for example, from a routine skin
biopsy, are genetically modified to express one or more
- cytokines. Alternatively, patient cells which may normally
serve a~ antigen presenting cells in the immune system such
as macrophages, monocytes, and lymphocytes may also be
genetically modified to express one or more cytokines.
The~e modified cells are hereafter called cytokine-
expressing cells, ore CE cells. The CE cells are then
mixed with the patient's tumor antigens, for example in the
form of irradiated tumor cells, or alternatively in the
form of purified natural or recombinant tumor antigen, and
employed in immunizations, for example subcutaneously, to
induce systemic ~nti-tumor immunity.
The ,- ~kines are locally expressed at levels
sufficient to inàuce or augment systemic anti-tumor immune
responses via local immunization at sites other than active
tumor sites. Systemic toxicity related to cytokine
~; SUBSTITUTE SHEET
WO93/07~K PCT/US92/08 ffl
21 21 1 2 ~ 4 `
administration should not occur because the levels of
cytokine secreted by the CE cells should not significantly
affect systemic cytokine concentrations.
As the amount of cytokine secreted by the CE
cells is sufficient to induce anti-tumor immunity but is
too low to produce substantial systemic toxicity, this
approach provides the benefit of local cytokine
administration. In addition, this novel method obviates
the need for intralesional injections, which may produce
morbidity. Furthermore, the continuous local expression of
cytokine(s) at the sites of immunization may also augment
anti~tumor immune responses compared to intermittent
cytokine injections. This method also provides the
advantage of local immunization with the CE cells, as
opposed to cumbersome intravenous infusions. This method
also eliminates the need for establishing t~mor cell lines
in vitro as well as transfer of genes into these tumor
cells.
This inventîon al80 provides an alternative means
of localized expression of cytokines to indu~e and/or
increase immune responses to a patient's tumor through
genetic modification of cellular expression of both
cytokine(s) and tumor antigen(s). In this embodiment,
selected cells from a patient are isolated and tra~duced
with cytokine gene(s) as well as gene(s) codi~g for tumor
antigen(s). ~he transduced cells are called "carrier
cells.'~ Carrier cells can include fibrobla~t~ and cells
which may normally serve as antigen presenting cells in the
Lmmune system such as macrophages, monocytes, and
lymphocyte ~ Transduced carrier cells actively expressing
both the cytokine(s) and the tumor antigen(s) are selected
and utilized in local immunizations at a site other than
active tumor sites to induce anti-tumor immune responses.
As with the CE cellæ, these carrier cells should not
produce substantial systemic toxicities, as the levels of
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WO93/07~K 2 1 2 1 1 2 7 PCT/US92/08~
cytokine(s) secreted by the carrier cells should not
significantly affect systemic cytokine concentrations.
~his alternate embodiment is advantageous because it
obviates the need to obtain samples of the tumor, which is
~ometimes difficult. However, carrier cells can be
utilized in local immunizations in conjunction with tumor
cells, tumor cell homogenates, purified tumor antigens, or
recombinant tumor antigens to enhance anti-tumor Lmmunity.
Additionally, this second embodiment retains the
same advantages as the first embodiment in that the level
of cytokine released by the carrier cells is sufficient to
induce anti-tumor immunity but is too low to produce
substantial systemic toxicity. In addition, as with the
first embodiment, this method obviates the need for
intralesional injections, and allows for continuous
expre~sion of cytokine(s). This method also eliminates the
need for æstablishing continuous cultures _n vitro of tumor
cells as well as transfer of genes into these tumor cells,
and provides the advantage of local immunization with the
carrier cells, as opposed to cumbersome lengthy intravenous
infusions.
These approaches may also find application in
inducing or augmenting immune responses to other antigens
of clinical significance in othex areas of medical
practice.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 shows schematic diagrams of retroviral
vectors DC/TKIL2, LXSN-IL2, and LNCX-IL2.
Figure 2 shows a mean IL-2 concentration of
triplicate supernatant samples measured by ELISA.
Supernatants were harvested from overnight cultures of
approximately 1.5 x 106 semi-confluent fibroblasts.
SUBSTITU~E SHEE~
W093/07~K `~` PCT/US92/0~
2121127 6
Figure 3 shows biological activity of the IL-2
~ecreted by the transduced fibroblasts was demonstrated by
mea~uring mean 3H-TdR incorporation of an IL-2 dependent T-
cell line incubated with triplicate s~mples of
supernatants. Supernatants were harvested from overnight
cultures of approximately 1.5 x 106 semi-confluent
fibroblasts.
Figure 4 shows comparisons between animals
injected with 105 CT26 tumor cells alone (0); 105 CT26 tumor
cells and 2 x 106 unmodified BALB/C fibroblasts (~); 105
CT26 tumor cells and 2 x 106 IL-2 transduced BALB/C
fibroblasts (~); and 105 CT26 tumor cells and 1 x 106
transduced BALB/C fibroblasts (o). Tumor measurements are
the mean products of the cross-sectional diameter of the
- 15 tumors from four animals in each treatment group. The (*)
indicate~ ~tatistically significant difference (P ~ 0.05)
in tumor growth curves.
,
,
Figure S shows PCR analysis of neomycin phospho-
trsnsferasè DNA ~equences. Lane 1 - positive control
pLXSN-RI-IL2. Lanes 2 through 4 tests genomic DNA; Lanes
5 and 6 ovary genomic DNA; Lane 7 negative control, no DNA.
Identical results were obtained with liver, spleen and lung
genomic DNA (data not shown).
~. ~
, - :; , ~ ` .
Figure 6 shows the effect of IL-2 modified
fibroblasts on tumor establishment and development using 2
x 106 fibroblasts mixed with 5 x 104 CT26 tumor cells
concentrating on the rate of tumor growth.
Figure 7 shows the effect of IL-2 modified
~-~ fibroblasts on tumor establishment and development using 2
x 10~ fibroblasts mixed with 5 x 104 CT26 tumor cells
concentrating on the time of tumor onset for the individual
animal in each treatment group.
TI . ' ~T_ SHE~ c
, - ~
", ~,
WO93/07~K 2 1 2 1 1 2 7 PCT/US92/~
Figure 8 shows the effect of IL-2 modified
fibroblasts on tumor establishment and development using 2
x 106 fibroblasts mixed with 1 x 105 CT26 tumor cells
concentrating on the rate of tumor growth.
Figure 9 shows the effect of IL-2 modified
fibroblasts on tumor establishment and development using 2
x 106 fibroblasts mixed with 1 x 105 CT26 tumor cells
concentrating on the time of tumor onset for the individual
animal in each treatment group.
Figure 10 shows the effect of IL-2 modified cells
on tumor establishment and development using 2 x 106 DCTK-
IL2-modified CT26 tumor cells mixed with 1 x 105 unmodified
CT26 compared to 2 x 106 DCTK-IL2-modified fibroblasts mixed
with 1 x 105 CT26 concentrating on the rate of tumor growth.
Figure 11 shows the effect of IL-2 modified cell~
on tumor est~blishment and development using 2 x 106 DCTK-
IL2-modified CT26 tumor cells mixed with 1 x 105 unmodified
CT26 compared to 2 x 106 DCTK-IL2-modified fibroblssts mixed
with 1 x 105 CT26 concentrating on the time of tumor on~et
for the individual animal in each treatment group.
- Flgure 12 shows the effect of IL-2 modified
fibroblasts on induction of systemic anti-tumor immunity
and the rate of tumor growth. Mice were immunized with 2
x 106 fibroblasts mixed with 2.5 x 105 irradiated CT26 tumor
cells 7 days prior to challenge with 5 x 10~ fresh tumor
cells.
Figure 13 shows the effect of IL-2 modified
fibroblasts on induction of systemic anti-tumor immunity
and the time of tumor onset for the individual animal in
each treatment group. Mice were immunized with 2 x 106
fibroblasts mixed with 2.5 x 105 irradiated CT26 tumor cells
7 days prior to challenge with 5 x 10~ fresh tumor cells.
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W093/07~K z~lL~ PCT/Uss2/ogr~ ~
Figure 14 shows the effect of IL-2 modified
fibroblasts on induction of systemic anti-tumor immunity
and the rate of tumor growth. Mice were immunized with 2
x 106 fibroblasts mixed with 2.5 x 105 irradiated CT26 tumor
S cells 14 days prior to challenge with 5 x 10' fresh tumor
cells.
Figure 15 Qhows the effect of IL-2 modified
fibroblasts on induction of systemic anti-tumor i~munity
and the time of tumor onset for the individual animal in
each treatment group. Mice were immunized with 2 x 106
fibroblasts mixed with 2.5 x 105 irradiated CT26 tumor cells
14 days prior to challenge with 5 x 10~ fresh tumor cells.
. :
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
- A novel method of tumor immunotherapy is
described comprising the genetic modification of cells
re~ulting in the ~ecretion of cytokine gene products to
stLmulate a patient' 8 immune response to tumor antigens .
~Gene" is defined herein to be a nucleotide sequence
encoding the desired protein. In one embodiment,
autologous fibroblasts genetically modified to secrete at
least one cytokine gene product are utilized to Lmmunize
the patient in a formulation with tumor antigens at a.site
other than an active tumor site. In another embodiment,
cells genetically modified to express at least one tumor
antigen gene product and to secrete at least one cytokine
gene product are utilized in formulation to Lmmunize the
patient at a site other than an active tumor site.
Cytokines are preferably expressed in cells which
efficiently secrete these proteins into the surrounding
milieu. fibroblasts are an example of such cells.
Fibroblasts or other cells can be genetically modified to
express and secrete one or more cytokines, as described
later in this specification.
T~ S~
WO93/07~K 2 1 2 1 1 2 7~ PCT/US92/o~
g
Tumor antigens can be provided by several
methods, including, but not limited to the following: 1) CE
cell~ can be transduced with gene(s) coding for tumor
antigens. These ~carrier cells~ are then utilized in
patient im~unizations. 2) Cloned gene sequences coding for
appropriate tumor antigenS can be transferred into cells
such as fibroblasts or antigen-presenting cells. These
cells are then mixed with CE or carrier cells to Lmmunize
the patient. 3) Tumor antigens can be cloned in bacteria ~;~
or other types of cells by recombinant procudures. These
antigens are then purified and employed an immunization
with CE and/or carrier cells. 4) Tumor antigens can be
purified from tumor cells and used, along with CE or
carrier cells, to immunize the patient. 5) Tumor cells may
be irradiated or mechanically disrupted and mixed with CE
and/or carrier cells for patient immunizations. -
This invention encompa~ses the following steps:
(A) i~olation of appropriate cells for generation of CE
celIs or carrier cells; (B) isolation of cytokine genes or
i~olation of cytokine genes a~d tumor antigen genes, as
well as appropriate marker and/or suicide genes; (C)
transfer of the genes from (B) to produce the CE cells or
carrier cells; (D) preparation of immunological samples of
the patient's tumor antigens or other suitable tumor
antigens for Lmmunization with CE or carrier cells; (E)
inactivation of the malignant potential of tumor cells if
they are used as a source of tumor antigens for
immunization; and (F) preparation of samples for
immunization. Following are several embodiments
contemplated by theiinventors. However, it i5 understood
that any means known by those in the art to accomplish
these steps will be usable in this invention.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
,
W093/07~K 212~112 10 PCT/US92/08~
(A) Isolation of Cells to Generate CE and
Carrier Cells
Cells to be utilized as CE cells and carrier
cells can be selected from a variety of locations in the
patient's body. For example, skin punch biopsies provide
a readily available source of fibroblasts for use in
generating CE cells, with a minimal amount of intrusion to
the patient. alternatively, these fibroblasts can be
obtained from the tumor sample itself. Cells of
hematopoietic origin may be obtained by venipuncture, bone
marrow aspiration, lymph node biopsies, or from tumor
~amples. Other appropriate cells for the generation of CE
or carrier cells can be isolated by means known in the art.
Non~autologous cells similarly selected and processed can
also be used.
(B) Isolation of Genes
Numerous cytokine genes have been cloned and are
available for use in this protocol. The genes for IL-2,
y-INF and other cytokines are readily available (1-5, 11-
14). Cloned genes of the appropriate tumor antigens areisolated according to means known in the art.
Selectable marker genes such as neomycin
resistance (NeoR) are readily available. Inco~poration of
a selectable marker gene(s) allows for the selection of
cells that have successfully received and express the
desired genes. Other selectable markers known to those in
the art ~f gene transfer may also be utilized to qenerate
CE cells or carrier cells expressing the desired
transgenes~
"Suicide" qenes can be incorporated into the CE
cells or carrier cells to allow for selective inducible
killing after stimulation of the immune response. A gene
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WO93/07~K 2 1 2 1 1 2~ PCT/us92/o8~
... .
11
such a~ the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene (TK)
can be used to create an inducible destruction of the CE
cells or carrier cells. When the CE cells or carrier cells
are no longer useful, a drug such as acyclovir or
gancyclovir can be administered. Either of these drugs
will selectively kill cells expressing TK, thus eliminating
the implanted transduced cells. Additionally, a suicide
gene may be a gene coding for a non-secreted cytotoxic
polypeptide attached to an inducible promoter. When
destruction of the CE or carrier cells is desired, the
appropriate inducer of the promoter is administered so that
the suicide gene is induced to produce cytotoxic
polypeptide which subsequently kills the CE or carrier
cell. However, destruction of the CE or carrier cells may
not be required.
Genes coding for tumor antigen(s) of interest can
be cloned by recombinant methods. The coding sequence of
an antigen expressed by multiple tumors may be utilized for
many individual patients.
(C) Transfer of Genes
- Numerous methods are available for transferring
gene into cultured cells (15). For example,. the
appropriate genes can be inserted into vectors such as
plasmids or retroviruses and transferred into the cells.
Electroporation, lipofection and a variety of other methods
are known in the field and can be implemented.
One method for gene transfer is a method similar
to that employed in previous human gene transfer studies,
where tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were modified
by retroviral gene transduction and administered to cancer
patients (16). In this Phase I safety study of retroviral
mediated gene transfer, TILs were genetically modified to
express the Neomycin resistance (Neo~) gene. Following
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WO93/07~K 2 1 2 1 1 2 7 12 PCT/US92/08~
intravenous infusion, polymerase chain reaction analyses
consistently found genetically modified cells in the
circulation for as long as two months after admini~tration.
No infectious retroviruses were identified in these
patients and no side effects due to gene transfer were
noted in any patients (16). These retroviral vectors have
been altered to prevent viral replication by the deletion
of viral gag, pol and env genes.
When retroviruses are used for gene transfer,
replication competent retroviruses may theoretically
develop by recombination between the retroviral vector and
viral gene sequences in the packaging cell line utilized to
produce the retroviral vector. We will use packaging cell
lines in which the production of replication competent
virus by recombination has been reduced or eliminated.
Hence, all retroviral vector supernatants used to infect
patient cells will be screened for replication competent
virus by standard assays such as PCR and reverse
transcriptase assays (16). Furthermore, exposure to
replication competent virus may not be harmful. In studies
of subhuman primates injected with a large inoculum of
replication competent murine retrovirus, the retrovirus was
cleared by the primate immune system (17). No clinical
illnesses or ~equelae resulting from replication competent
virus have been observed three years after exposure. In
summary, it is not expected that patients will be exposed
to replication competent murine retrovirus and it appears
that such exposure may not be deleterious (17).
(D) Preparation of Immunoloaical Samples of the
Patient's Tumor Antiqens or Purified
Recombinant Tumor Antiqens
Tumor cells bearing tumor associated antigens are
isolated from the patient. These cells can derive either
from solid tumors or from leukemic tumors. For solid
sue~, ITUTr SHs:~
2121~ 2~
W093/07~K PCT/USg2/08
13
tumors, single-cell suspensions can be made by mechanical
separation and washing of biopsy tissue (18).
Hematopoietic tumors may be isolated from
peripheral blood or bone marrow by standard methods (19).
A second variant is the use of homogenates of
tumor cells. Such homogenates would contain tumor antigens
available for recognition by the patient's immune system
upon stLmulation by this invention. Either unfractionated
cell homogenates, made, for example, by mechanical
disruption or by freezing and thawing the cells, or
fractions of homogenates preferably with concentrated
levels of tumor antigens, can be used.
Likewise, purified tumor antigens, obtained for
example by immunoprecipitation or recombinant DNA methods,
could b~ used. Purified antigens would then be utilized
for immunizations together with the CE cells and/or carrier
cells described above to induce or enhance the patient's
;m~une response to these antigens.
In the embodLments employing carrier cells, tumor
antigens are available through their expression by the
carrier cells. These carrier cells can be injected alone
or in conjunction with other tumor antigen preparations or
CE cells. ~ikewise, when CE cells are used, purified
recombinant tumor antigen, produced by methods known in the
2S art, can be used.
If autologous tumor cells are not readily
available, heterologous tumor cells, their homogenates,
their purified antigens, or carrier cells expressing such
antigens could be used.
~UE;STiT~)TE SH__~
W093/07~K 2121127 . PCT/US92/08~
14
(E) Inactivation of Tumor Cells -
When viable tumor cells are utilized in
immunizations as a source of tumor antigens, the tumor
cells can be inactivated so that they do not grow in the
patient. Inactivation can be accomplished by several
methods. the cells can be irradiated prior to immunization
(18). This irradiation will be at a level which will
prevent their replication. Such viable calls can then
present their tumor antigens to the patient's immune
system, but cannot multiply to create new tumors.
Alternatively, tumor cells that can be cultured
may be transduced with a suicide gene. As described above,
a gene such as the herpes simplex thymidine kinase (TK)
gene can be transferred into tumor cells to induce their
de~truction by administration of acyclovir or gancyclovir.
After Lmmunization, the TK expre~ing tumor cells can
pre~ent their tumor antigens, and are capable of
proliferation. After a period of time during which the
patients's Lmmune response is stimulated, the cells can be
selectively killed. This approach might allow longer
viability of the tumor cells utilized for immunizations,
which may be advantageous in the induction or augmentation
- of anti-tumor immunity.
(F) Preparation of Samples for Immunization
CE cells and/or carrier cells and tumor cells,
and/or homogenates~of tumor cells and/or purified tumor
antigen(s), are combined for patient immunization.
Approximately 107 tumor cells will be required. If
homogenates of tumor cells or purified or non-purified
fractions of tumor antigens are used, the tumor dose can be
adjusted based on the normal number of tumor antigens
usually present on 10' intact tumor cells. The tumor
preparation should be mixed with numbers of CE or carrier
~;
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
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W093/07906 2 1 2 1 1 ~7 PCr/us92/o8999
cells sufficient to secrete cytokine levels that induce
anti-tumor immunity (11-12) without producing ~ubstantial
systemic toxicity which would interfere with therapy~
The cytokines should be produced by the CE cells
S or the carrier cells at levels sufficient to induce or
augment Lmmune response but low enough to avoid substantial
systemic toxicity. This prevents side effects created by
previous methods~ administration of greater than
physiological levels of the cytokines.
These mixtures, as well as carrier cells that are
utilized alone, will be formulated for injection in any
- manner known in the art acceptable for immunization.
Because it is important that at least the CE cells and
carrier cells remain viable, the formulations must be
compatible with cell survival. Formulations can be
injeoted subcutaneously, intramuscularly, or in any manner
acceptable for i _unization.
Contaminants in the preparation which may focus
the immune response on undesired antigens should be removed
prior to the immunizations.
The following examples are provided. for
illustration of several embodiments of the invention and
should not be interpreted as limiting ~he scope of the
invention.
SU6S I !T~JT~
WO 93/07906 PCJ'/US92/08999
2121127 16 "
EXAMPLE I
IMMUNIZATION WITH FIBROBI,ASTS EXPRESSING IL-2
MIXED WIT~ DIATED TUMOR CELLS
1) Isolation of Autoloqous Fibroblasts
5for Use in Generatina IL-2 Secretinq CE Cells
Skin punch biopsies will be obtained from each
patient under sterile conditions. The biopsy tissue will
be minced and placed in RPMI 1640 media containing 10%
fetal calf serum (or sLmilar media) to establish growth of
the skin fibroblasts in culture~ The cultured fibroblasts
will be utilized to generate IL-2 secreting CE cells by
retroviral mediated IL-2 gene tranæfer.
2) Retroviral Vector Preparation and
Generation of IL-2 Secreting CE Cells
15The cultured skin fibrobla~ts will then be
inf-ected with a retroviral ~ector co~taining the IL-2 and
Neomycin resistance (NeoRI genes. An N2 vector containing
the NeoR gene will be used, and has been previously utilized
by a number of investigators for in vitro and in vivo work,
including inveætigations with h-~man subjects (16). Thç IL-
2 vector will be generated from an N2-derived vector,
LLRNL, developed and described by Friedmann and his
colleagues (20). It will be made by replacement of the
luciferase gene of LLRNL with a full-length cDNA encoding
human IL-2. Retroviral vector free of contaminating
replication-competent virus is produced by transfection of
vector plasmid constructions into the helper-free packaging
cell line PA317. Before infection of patients' cells, the
vector will have been shown to be free of helper virus. In
the event that helper virus is detected, the vector will be
produced in the GP + envAM12 packaging cell line in which
SUBS~ITUTE SHEET
WO93/07~K 2 1 2 1 1 2 7 PCT/US92/08~
17
the viral gag and pol genes are separated from the env,
further reducing the likelihood of helper virus production.
3) Transduction Protocol
The cultured primary fibrobla~ts will be
incubated with supernatant from the packaging cell line as
described (20). Supernatant from these cells will be
tested for adventitious agents and replication competent
virus as described (16) and outlined in Table 1. The
fibroblastæ are washed and then grown in culture media
containing G413, (a neomycin analogue) to select for
transduced cells expressing the NeoR gene. The G418-
resistant cells will be tested for expression of the IL-2
gene by measuring the concentration of IL-2 in the culture
supernatant by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
(12). G418-resilient cells expressing IL-2 will be stored
at -70C until required for subsequent use in
Lmmunizations.
Table 1
Adventitious Aqents and Safety Testinq
1. Sterility
2. Mycoplasma
3. General Safety
4. Viral Testing
LCM Virus
. Thymic agent
S+/L- eco
S+/L-xeno
S+/L- a~pho
3T3 amplification
MRC-5/Vero
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Sl,~EST~UT
WO93/07~K PCT/USg2~08~
2 1 2 1 1 ~ 7 18 ,!,,
4) Preparation of Irradiated Tumor Cells
Tumors obtained form clinically indicated
surgical resections or from superficial lymph node or skin
metastases will be minced into 2-3 mm pieces and treated
with collagenase and DNAse to facilitate ~eparation of the
tumor into a single cell ~uspension. The collected cells
will be centrifuged and washed in RPMI 1640 media and then
cryopreserved in a solution containing 10% dimethyl
sulphoxide and 50% fetal calf serum in RPMI 1640 media.
The cells will be stored in liquid nitrogen until the time
of administration. Prior to their use in subcutaneous
i","unîzations, the cells will be thawed, washed in media
free of immunogenic contaminants, and irradiated with 4,000
rads per minute for a total of 20,000 rads in a cesium
irradiator.
5) Patient Selection
Patients will have a histologically confirmed
diagnosis of cancer. Patients with tumors that must be
resected for therapeutic purposes or with tumors readily
accessible for biop~y are most appropriate for this
embodiment of the invention.
.
6~ Pretreatment Evalua ion
The following pretreatment evaluations will be
performed:
1) ~istory and physical examination including
a description and quantification of disease activity.
~U3ST~TUTE SHE~
WO93/07~K 2 1 ~ 1 1 2 7 PCT/US92/08~9
19
2) Performance Status Assessment
O = Norma~, no symptom~
1 - Restricted, but ambulatory
2 - Up greater than 50% of waking
hours, capable of ~elf-care
3 = Greater than 50% of waking hours
confined to bed or chair, lLmited
self-care -~
4 = Bedridden
3) Pretreatment Laboratory: -
CBC with differential, platelet count, PT, PTT,
glucose, ~UN, creatinine~ ele-trolytes, SGOT, SGPT, LDH,
alkaline phosphatase, biliru~in, uric acid, calcium, total
protein albumin. -
4) Other Analy~es:
Urinalysis
C~so ~ C3 and C4 serum complement level
Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood B cell and
T cell sub et~
Assays for detectable replication competent -
virus in peripheral blood cells
PC~ a~ays of peripheral blood leukocyte~ :
for Neo~, IL-2 and viral env
5) Qther Pretreatment Evaluation:
Chest X-ray and other diagnostic studies
including computerized tomography ~CT~, magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) or radionuclide ~cans may be performed to
document and quantify the extent of disease activity.
Follow-up evaluations of these assessments at
regular intervals during the course of therapy
~approximately every 1 to 3 months~ will be useful in
determining response to therapy and potential toxicity,
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
W093/07~K 21 21 1 2 7 PCT/USg2/08
permitting adjustments in the number of immunizations
a~inistered.
- 7) Restrictions oa Concurrent Therapy
For optimal effects of this treatment, patients
should receive no concurrent therapy which is known to
suppress the immune system.
8) Final Formulation
Each patient will receive subcutaneous
immunizations with a mixture if irradiated tumor cells and
autologous fibroblast CE cells genetically modified to
secrete IL-2. Approximately 107 tumor cells will be mixed
with 10' fibroblasts known to secrete at least 20 units/ml
of IL-2 in ti~sue culture when semi-confluent (12). The
irradiated tumor cells and genetically modified fibroblasts
will be placed in a final volume of 0.2 ml normal saline
for immunization.
9) Dose Ad~ustments
At least two subcutaneous Lmmunizations will be
administered, two weeks apart, with irradiated tumor çells
- 20 and autologous fibroblasts genetically modified to secrete
IL-2. If no toxicity is ob~erved, su~se~uent booster
Lmmunizations may be admini~tered periodically (at least
one week apart) to optimize the anti-tumor immune response.
J) Treatment of Potential Toxicity
Toxic side effects are not expected to result
from these Lmmunizations. However, potential side effects
of these immunizations are treatable in the following
manner:
,
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WOg3/079~ 2 1 2 1 1 2 7 PCT/US92/08~
21
If massive tumor cell lysis results, any
resulting uric acid nephropathy, adult respiratory distres6
syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation or
hyperkalemia will be treated using standard methods.
Local toxicity at the sites of immunization will
be treated with either topical steroids and/or surgical
excision of the injection site as deemed appropriate.
Hypersensitivity reactions such as chills, fever
and/or rash will be treated symptomatically with
antipyretics and antihistamines. Patients should not be
treated prophylactically. Should arthralgias,
lymphadenopathy or renal dysfunction occur, treatment with
corticosteroids and/or antihistamines will be instituted.
Anaphylaxis will be treated by standard means such as
a~inistration of epinephrine, fluids, and steroids.
EXAMPLE II
A. Retro~iral IL-2 Gene Transfer and ExDression in
Fibroblasts
Retroviral vectors were employed to transfer and
express IL-2 and neomycin phosphotransferase genes in
murine and prLmary human fibroblasts. The retroviral
vector DC/TRIL2 produced by Gilboa and co-workers
(Gansbacher, et al., J. Exp. Med~ 172:1217-1223, 1990,
which is incorporated herein by reference) was utilized to
transduce murine fibroblasts for application in an animal
tumor model (see Section B below~. ~uman fibrobla~ts were
transduced with the retroviral vector LXSN-RI-IL2.
Schematic diagrams of the structure of these retroviral
vectors are provided in Figure 1. A more complete
description of the LXSN-RI-IL2 vector, including its
nucleotide sequence, is provided in Example III and in
Tables 2, 3 and 4.
SUE3S T ITUTE S~T
.
WO93/07~K 2 1 2 1 1 2 7 PCT/US92/08~ `
22
Following infection with the described vectors
and selection for 2-3 weeks in growth media containing the
neomycin analogue G418, Balb/c and human embryonic
fibroblast culture supernatants were harvested and te~ted
for IL-2 by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Figure 2 depicts the levels of IL-2 secreted by the
transduced fibroblasts.
These results can be confirmed using negative
control fibroblasts infected with an N2-derived retroviral
vector expressing an irrelevant gene ~uch as luciferase or
~-galactosidase and studie~ with adult human fibroblasts.
Biological activity of the IL-2 expre~sed by the
transduced human fibroblasts was confirmed by a cell
proliferation bioassay employing an IL-2 dependent T cell
line. In this as~ay, supernatant from the tran~duced
fibroblasts and control unmodified fibroblasts were
incubated with the IL-2 dependent T cell line CTLL-2.
- Incorporation of 3H-thymidine wa~ measured as an indicator
of cell proliferation and IL-2 activity (Figure 3).
.
B. Efficacy of Transduced Fibroblasts in an Animal
Tumor Model
The efficacy of fibroblasts genetically modified
to secrete IL-2 was tested in an animal model of colorectal
carcinoma. In these studies, the Balb/c CT26 tumor cell
line was injected subcutaneously with Balb/c fibroblasts
transduced to express IL-2. Control groups inc~uded
animals injected with 1) a mixture of CT26 tumor cells and
unmodified fibroblasts; 2) CT26 tumor cells without
fibroblasts and 3) transduced fibroblasts alone. No tumors
were detected in 3/8 animals treated with transduced
fibroblasts and CT26 cells. In contrast, all untreated
control animals (8/8) injected with CT26 tumor cel}s
developed palpable tumors. No tumors were detected in the
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
:
WOs3/07~K PCT/US92/08~
", 23 Z121127
animals inoculated with transduced fibroblasts without CT26
tumor cell~. The mean CT26 tumor size in Balb/c mice
injected with the IL-2 ~ecreting fibroblasts was
considerably smaller compared to the control group~ ~Figure
4). A multivariate non-parametric statistical procedure
(Koziol, et al., ~iometries 37:383-390, 1981 and Koziol, et
al., Computer Prog. Biomed. 19:69-74, 1984, which is
incorporated herein by reference) was utilized to evaluate
differences in tumor growth among the treatment groups.
The tumor growth curves for the four treatment groups
pre~ented in Figure 4 were significantly different
(p-0.048). Subsequent comparisons between treatment groups
revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in tumor
growth between animals injected with CT26 tumor cells alone
and animals treated with 2 x 106 transduced fibroblasts and
CT26 tumor cells (Figure 4).
EXAMPLE III
:
A. Pro~ect Overview
Lymphokine gene therapy of cancer will be
evaluated in cancer patients who have failed conventional
therapy. An N2-derived vector containing the neomycin
pho~photransferase gene will be used. This vector has.been
employed by a number of inve~tigators for ln vitro and in
vivo studies including recently approved investigations
with human ~ubjects (Rosen~erg et al., N~ Eng. J. Med.,
323:570-578, 1990). The lymphokine vectors used in this
investigation will be generated from the N2-derived vector,
LXSN, developed and described by Miller et al., Mol. Cell
~iol. 6:2895, 1986 and Miller et al., BioTechniques 7:980,
1989, which are incorporated herein by reference. Th-
~vector LXSN-RI-IL2 contains human IL-2 cDNA under th-
control of the retroviral 5' LTR promoter and the neomycin
phosphotransferase gene under the control of the SV40
~- promoter (see Figure 1). The normal human IL-2 leader
SUBSTITUTE Sf~EE~t
W093/07~K PCT/US92/~
212I127 ~s ~
24 ~
sequence has been replaced with a chimeric sequence
containing rat insulin and human IL-2 leader sequences (~ee
Tables 2, 3 and 4). This chimeric leader sequence enhances
IL-2 gene expression.
To construct the LXSN-RI-IL2 vector, the
bacterial plasmid pBC12/CMV/IL2 (Cullen, B.R., DNA 7:645-
650, 1988, which is incorpordted herein by reference)
containing the full-length IL-2 cDNA and chimeric leader
sequence was digested with HindIII and the ends were
blunted using Xlenow polymerase. IL-2 cDNA was
6ubsequently released from the plasmid by digestion with
~HI. The IL-2 fragment was purified by electrophoresis
in a 1% agarose gel and the appropriate band was extracted
utilizing a glass powder method. Briefly, the gel slice
was dissolved in 4M NaI at 55. After cooling to room
temperature, 4 yl of oxidized gilica solution (BI0-101, La
Jolla, CA) was added to adsorb the DN~. The silica wa6
ythen washed with a cold solution of 50~ ethanol containing
0.1 M NaCl in TE buffer. The DNA was eluted from the
silica by heatinq at 55 in distilled H20. The purified IL-
;~ 2 cDNA was then directionally ligated into the ~E~I-BamHI
cloning sites of the pLXSN vector. A more complete
description of the pLXSN-RI-IL2 vector and its partial
nucleotide ~equence are provided in Tables 2, 3, 4, ~ and
6.
,: ~
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
~ ,~
W093/07906 2121127 PCl'/lJS92/089g9
e 2
Descripllo~ ofthe LXSN~
~om posilion I lo 636S
~as~ scriglion
l-S89 Moloney murine sarcoma virus S' ~'rR
6S9-14S~ Tnc soq~encc of lhe cxlende~ pachging
sign~
1469-21S1 ~2 cDNA wilh chimcric Ic2dcr seq-~enoc
1469-171t II~2 chimenc lead ~qucncc
16~7-171~ codin~ ~esion ot' the si~nal pcp~idc
1719-21Sl ~ 2 codin~ soquc~cc
2IS~-21S9 Mo mu s~com~ us enJ~SV 40 st~n
2~S9-2S03 Sîmi~n ~nrus ~0 e~rly promotu
2S21-2S22 Simian ~irus DN~ endtl'nS DN~ st~n
2SS~-33Sl Neomycin phosphot~ansfs~
337~33~t Tn5 DNA eQd/~olor9e~ murinc leul~cmi~
3~11~004 ~oloncy munnc Icukemia ~ us 3~ LTR
4073~074 Moloacr munnc lcukcmi~ DNA cnd/pBR322
~074-636S Plasmid ~acJ~bonc
SUaST5TUT~ ~E~.T
WO93/07~K -. PCT/US92/08~
2121127 26 ...
Table 3
Enzyme [# Cuts] Position(s)
Aatl [ 2] 1961, 2481
Aat2 [ 2] 811, 6295
Accl [ 1] 4252
Acc2 1 19] 392, 394, 445, 969, 971, 1193,
2751, 3052, 3084, 3807, 3809, 4081, 4083,
4186, 4527, 5108, 5438, 5931, 6263
Acyl [ 5] 808, 2685, 3860, 5910, 6292
Afll [ 13] 260, 273, 328, 626, 756, 1277,
3201, 3676, 3689, 3744, 4041, 5511, 5733
Afl2 [ 4] 34, 1064, 1955, 3446
Afl3 [ 2~ 1592, 4480
Ahal t 20] 161, 237, 473, 474, 602, 644,
789, 2689, 2849, 3578, 3653, 3888, 3889,
4017, 4059, 4126, 4161, 4860, 5556, 5907
Aha2 [ 53 80B, 2685, 3860, 5910, 6292
Aha3 ~ 3] 5239, 5258, 5950
Alul [ 33] 29, 33, 119, 190, 411, 654,
734, 742, 1470, 1486, 1751, 1935, 2003, 2446,
2500, 2791, 3249, 3441, 3445, 35~2, 3607,
3826, 4069, 4122, 4141, 4422, 46~8, 4738,
4784, 5041, 5562, 5~62, 5725
Alwl [ 20~ 1110, 1414, 1665, 2018, 2147, 2160,
2529, 2553, ~864, 2929, 3110, 4027, 5041,
5127, 5129, 5225, 5226, 5689, 6006, 6010
~lwNl [ 4~ 231, 3572, 3647, 4896
Aocl [ 2] 847, 1076
Aoc2 [ 19] 323, 413, 426, 597, 1583, 1721,
2631, ~724, 2798, 2988, 3050, 3739, 3828,
3841, 4012, 4300, 4798, 5959, 6044
Aosl [ 2] 2787, 5595
ApaLl [ 4] 1717, 4296, 4794, 6040
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
WO93/07~K 2 1 2 1 1 2 7 PcT/us92/o8ffl
,
27
Apyl [ 22] 315, 623, 801, 814, 1227, 1252,
1275, 1295,1325, 1526, 1536, 1558, 1630,
2196, 2251,2268, 3072, 3731, 4038, 4508,
4629, 4642
Aqul [ 6] 241, 472, 1998,3821, 3854, 3887
Asel 1 2] 1801, 5545
Asp700 [ 1~ 5972
Asp718 t 2] 476, 38gl
AspAl [ 1] 1145
Asul [ 29] 169, 200, 245,260, 273, 328,
626, 756, 826, 839, 1043,1254, 1277, ~:
1532, 1649,3201, 3541, 3586,3616,3661,
3676, 3689,3744, 4041, 5415,54~4,5511,
5733, 6349
Aval [ 6] 241, 472, 1998, 3821, 3854, 3887
Ava2 t 13] 260, 273, 328,626, 756, 1277,
3201, 3676,3689, 3744, 4041, 5511, 5733
Ava3 ~ 2] 2232, 2304 -~
Avr2 [ 21 1962, 2482
Ball [ 3] 658, 1169, 2767
BamHl ~ 1] 2152
Banl r 9] 318, 476, 1200,2684, 2719, 3734,
_~59, 3891, 5321
Ban2 [ 8] 413, 426, 597,1583, 3050, 3828,
3~41, 4012
Bbel [ 2] 2688, 3863
Bbvl [ 22] 969, 997, 1738,2493, 2632, 2758,
280~, 2816, 2909, 3321, 4060, 4131, 4223,
4372, 4390, 48~9, 4899, 4902, 5108, 5411,
5600, 5802
Bc~l [ 1] 2526
Bgll [ 2] 2435, 5493
Bspl286I ~ 19] 323, 413, 426, 597, 1583, 1721,
2631, 2724, 2798, 2988, 3050, 3739, 38~8,
3841, 4012, 4300, 4798, 5959, 6044 `
: ~ Sl)BSTITUTE SHEET
WO93/07~K P~T/US92/~ ~
2121127 28 5.. '~
B~pH1 [ 31 5200,6208, 6313
B~pM1 1 41 1501,2500, 2572, 2953
B~sH2 t 4] 392, 443, 3082, 3807
BstE2 [ 1] 1145
~stN1 [ 22] 315, 623, 801, 814, 1227, 1252,
1275, 1295,1325,1526, 1536, 1558, 1630,
2196, 2251,2268,3072, 3731, 4038, 4508,
4629, 4642
~stU1 1 19] 392, 394, 445, 969, 971, 1193,
2751, 3052,3084,3807, 3809, 4081, 4083,
: 4186, 4527,5108,5438, 5931, 6263
BstX1 1 1] 2060
: BstY1 [ 11] 2010, 2152, 2521, 2856, 3102, 5121,
5132, 5218, 5230, 5998, 6015
Bsu36I [ 2] 847, 1076
~-: Ccrl ;[ 1] 1998
:~ Cfol ~ [ 31~ 394, 396, 445, 447, 714, 971, 2679,~ 2687, 2751, 2788, 3054, 3084, 3086,
3314, 3809, 3811, 3862, 4083, 4186, 4216,
: 435~, 4390, 4660, 4727, 4827, 5001, 5110,
: ~ 5:503, 5596, 5933, 6265
: : Cfrl : ~ 9] 656, 790, 1167, 1188, 2591, 2765,
3156, 3183, 5761
CfrlOT 1 3] 3004, 3185, 5453
Cfrl3I [ 291 169, 200, 245, 260, 273, 328,
.626, 756, 826, 839, 1043, 1254, 1277,
1532, 1649, 3201, 3541, 3586, 3616, 3661,
3676, 3689, 3744, 4041, 5415, S494, 5511,
5733, 63~9
Cvnl [ 2] 847, 1076
Dde1 [ 23] ~ 75, i65, 191, 282, 553, 847,
1076, 1348, 1692, 2442, 3348, 3487, 3582,
3657, 3698, 3879, 3967, 4290, ~755, 5164,
5330, 5870, 6296
Dpnl [ 30] 95, 1104, 1236, 1421, 1659, 2012,
~: 2154, 2523, 2528, 2547, 2858, 2936, 3017,
3026, 3104, 3507, 4021, 5048, 5123, 5134,
5142, 5220, 5232, 5337, 5678, 5696, 5742,
6000, 6017, 6053
SUBSTITUTE Sll_ET
:7 .'
,`,`", ~
wog3to7~ 2 12 1 1 2~ PCT/US92/08~
29
Dral [ 31 5239, 5258, S9S0
Dra2 1 41 328, 1277, 3744, 6349
Fael [ 9] 656, 790, 1167, 1188,2591, 2765,
3156, 3183, 5761
Eagl [ 2] 790, 2591
Eco47I ~ 13] 260, 273, 328, 626,756, 1277,
3201,3676, 3689, 3744, 4041, 5511, 5733
EcoS2I [ 2] 790, 2591 -~
8co81I [ 2] 847, 1076
EcoNl [ 2] 850, 1450
EcoO109I t 4] 328, 1277, 3744,6349
EcoRl [ 1] 1460
EcoRl* t 14] 938, 1037,~ 1460,1798,1805, 1928,
: 2064, 2121, 2236, 2308,2400, 5240, 5546,
5801
~ EcoR2 [ 22] 313, 621,799, 812, 1225, 1250, ~:
:~ 1273, 1293,1323, 1524,1534, 1556, 1628,
2:194, 2249,2266, 3070,3729, 4036, 4506,
627, 4640
~coRS 1 4] 137, 213,3554, 3629
EcoT22I ~ 212232, 2304
Fdi2 t 2]2787, SS9S
nu4~1 ~ 41] 793, 967,983, 986, 1191, 1i52,
~ 2430, 2507,2594, 2646,2657, 2747, 2752,
: 2789, 2830,2917, 2920,2923, 3159, 3255,
3296, 3310,4074, 4120,4217, 4270, 4386,
4404, 4407,4525, 4680,4823, 4888, 4891,
5097, 5425,5614, 5764,5791, 5886, 6115
FnuD2 [ 19] 392, 394,445, 969, 971, 1193,
275~, 3052,3084, 3807,3809, 4081~ 4083,
4186, 4527,5108, 5438,5931, 6263
Fokl t 13] 498, 1198, 1358, 1679, 2333, 2552,
3009, 3034, 3912, 4168, 5339, 5520, 5807
Fspl [ 2] 2787, 5595
Hae2 ~ ~4] 2688, 3863, 4358, 4728
`:
SUBSTITUTE S~iEET
, .
.
WO93/07~K 2 1 2 1 12~ PCT/US92/~
Hae3 [ 351 171, 202, 247, 658, 792, 828,
840, 1045, 1169, 1190, 1255,1534, 1650,
1866, 1961,2423, 2429, 2438,2481, 2593,
2767, 3158,3185, 3543, 3588,3618, 3663,
4495, 4506,4524, 4958, 5416,5496, 5763,
6350
Hap2 t 30] 161, 237, 473, 601, 643, 789,
2590, 2667,2689, 2717, 2848,2938, 3005,
3186, 3578,3653, 3888, 4016,4058, 4126,
4160, 4687,4834, 4860, 5050,5454, 5488,
5555, 5665,5907
Hgal [ 8] 455, 707, 960, 1580, 4175, 4591,
5169, 5899
HgiAl [ 9] 413, 1721, 2798,2988, 3828, 4300,
4798, 5959,6044
Hhal t 31] 394, 396, 445, 447, 714, 971, :
2679, 2687,2751, 2788, 3054,3084, 3086,
3314, 3809,3811, 3862, 4083,4186, 4216,
4357, 4390,4660, 4727, 4827,5001, 5110,
5503, 5596,5933, 6265
HinPl t 31] 392,~ 394, 443, 445, 712, 969,
2677, 2685,2749, 2786, 3052,3082, 3084,
3312, 3807,3809,~ 3860, 4081,4184, 4214,
4355, 4388,4658, 4725, 4825,4999, 5108,
5501, 5594,5931, 6263
~inc2 [ 1] 5914
ind2 [ 1] 5914
- Hind3 [ 1] 2498
Hinfl [ 14] 298, 517, 857, 868, 1553, 1814,
3170, 3304,33~6, 3881, 4380,4455, 4851,
5368
Hpa2 ~ 30] 161, 237, 473, 601, 643, 789,
2590, 2~67,2689, 2717, 2848,2938, 3005,
3186, 3578,3653, 3888, 4016,4058, 4126,
4160, 4687,4834, 4860, 5050,5454, 5488,
5555, 5665,5907
: Hphl [ 11] 1214, 1240, 1817, 2863, 4102, 4111,
5216, 5443, 5859, 6065, 6100
Xpnl 1 2] 480, 3895
Mael 1 }51 30, 293, 689, 727, 739, 1452,
~ 1606, 1893, 1963, 2483, 3442, 3709, 4975,
;~ 5228, 5563
: ,~
- ~ SlJ!3ST31 UTE ~I~E~. T
, ~
WO g3/07~K 2 1 2 1 1 2 7 PCT/US92/08~
: 31
Mae2 t 11]808, 1139, 1180, 1987, 2801, 2988,
4233, 5183,5599, 5972, 6292
Mae3 1 20138, 1052, lOB0, 1145, 1289, 1478,
1706, 2805, 3111, . 3450, 4134, 4229, 4836,
4899, 5015, 5298, 5629, 5687, 5840, 6028
Mbol [ 30] 93, 1102, 1234, 1419, 1657, 2010,
2152, 2521, 2526, 2545, 2856, 2934, 3015,
3024, 3102, 3505, 4019, 5~46, 5121, 5132,
5140, 5218, 5230, 5335, 5676, 5694, 5740,
5998, 6015, 6051
Mbo2 [ 17] 444, 1145, 1356, 1575, 1617, 1908,
1911, 3046, 3256, 3336, 4351, 5142, 5213,
5968, 6046, 6155, 6351
Mnll 1 54] 291, 444, 508, 534, 560, 639,
841, 939, 1227, 1330, 1363, 1369, 1372,
1378, 1408, 1411, 1426, 1433, 144~, 1559,
1620, 1909, 1921, 2412, 2418, 2443, 2449,
2455, 2458, 2470, 2508, 2535, 2599, 2735,
3092, 3286, 3707, 3859, 3878, 3923, 3948,
3974, 4054, 4087, 4117, 4379, 4587, 4662,
4911, 5311, 5392, 5540, 5746, 633g
M~el t 221 35, 1065, 1177, 1207, 1231, 1801,
1843, 1956, 1971, 2124, 2139, 3447, 4261,
5186, 5238, 5243, 5257, 5310, 5545, 5584,
5949, 6321
Mspl t 30] 161, 237, 473, 601, 643, 789,
2590, 2667, 2689, 2717, 2848, 2938, 3005,
3186, 3578, 3653, 3888, 4016, 4058, 4126,
4160, 4687, 4834, 486~, 5050, 5454, 5488,
5555, 5665, ~9~7
Mstl [ 2] 2787, 5595
Mst2 [ 2] 847, 1076
Mval [ 22] 315, 623, 801, 814, 1227, 1252,
1275, 1295, 1325, 15~6, 1536, 1558, 1630,
2196, 2251, ~268, 3072, 3731, 4038, 4508,
4629, 46~2
Nael [ 1] 3187
Narl [ 2] 26B5, 3860
Ncil t 20] 161, 237, 473, 474, 602, 644,
789, 2689, 2849, 3578, 3653, 3888, 3889,
4017, 4059, 4126, 4161, 4860, 5556, 5907
Ncol [ 2] 2389, 3117
,~
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
WO93/07~K PCT/US9~/0~
212112~ 32
Ndel 1 11 4303
Nde2 ~ 30]93, 1102, 1234, 1419, 1657, 2010,
2152, 2521, 2526, 2545, 2856, 2934, 3015,
3024, 3102, 3505, 4019, 5046, 5121, 5132,
5140, 5218, 5230, 5335, 5676, 5694, 5740,
5998, 6015, 6051 :.
Nhel t 3] 29, 1605, 3441
Nla3 1 26] 61, 1263, 1596, 1649, 1835, 1856, ~:
2030, 2230, 2302, 23g3, 2559, 2904, 3090,
3121, 3147, 3473,4119, 4224, 4484, 5204,
:: 5695, 5705, 5783,5819, 6212, 6317
Nla4 [ 28] 153, 246, 262, 320, 478, 627,
753, 827, 959,1202, 1279, 2154, 2200,
2272, 2686, 2721,3678, 3736, 3861, 3893,
4042, 4512, 4551,5323, 5417, 5458, 5669,
6259 `
Nsil [ 2] 2232, 2304
Nsp(7524)1[ 8] 1596, 1835, 1856, 2230, 2302, 3090, ~:
4119, 4484
Nsp~7524)2~ 19] 323, 413, 426, 597, 1583, 1721,
2631, 2724, 2798, 2988, 3050, 3739, 3828,
: 3841, 4012, 4300, 4798, 5959, 6044
NspB2 [ 121 119, 190, 1751, 2158, 2791, 3532, ..
3607, 3989, 4192, 4822, 5067, 6008
Nsp~l [ 8] 1596, 1835, 1856, 2230, 2302, 3090,
4119, 4484
PaeR7I [ 1] 1998
Pall [ 35] 171, 202, 247, 658, 792, 828,
840, 1045, 1169,1190, 1255, 1534, 1650,
1866, 1961, 2423,2429, 2438, 2481, 2593,
2767, 3158, 3185,3543, 3588, 3618, 3663,
4495, 4506, 4524,4958, 5416, 5496, 5763,
6350
Plel [ 7] 865, 1547, 3350, 3889, 4374, 4859,
5362 :
PpuMl [ 3] 328, 1277, 3744
P~sl t 4] 331, 1280, 3747, 6352
Pstl 1 6] 987, 1163, 1888, 2511, 2738, 5618
~ Pvul [ 1] 5743
"~;. ~, -
~, -
SUBS ~ ITt.JT~ E~T
. ~ .
WO93/07~K 2 1 2 1 1 2 ~ PCT/US92/08~
33
Pvu2 1 6] 119, 190, 1751, 2791, 3532, 3607
Rsal 1 1~] 347, 478, 725, 1342, 1519, 1597,
2991, 3893, 4288, 5853
Rsr2 1 1~ 3201
Sacl [ 2] 413, 3828
Saul [ 21 847, 1076
Sau3Al [ 30] 93, 1102, 1234, 1419, 1657, 2010,
2152,2521, 2526, 2545, 2856, 2934, 3015,
3024, 3102, 3505, 4019, 5046, 5121, 5132,
5140, 5218, 5230, 5335, 5676, 5694, 5740,
5998, 6015, 6051
Sau96I [ 29~ 169, 200, 245, 260, 273, 328,
626, 756, 826, 839, 1043, 1254, 1277,
1532, 1649, 3201, 3541,3586, 3616, 3661,
3676, 3689, 3744, 4041,5415, 5494, 5511,
5733, 6349
Scal [ 1] 5853
ScrFl [ 421 161, 237, 315, 473, 474, 602,
623, 644, 789, 8Ql, 814, 1227, 1252, 1275,
1295, 1325, 1526, 1536, 1558, 1630, 2196, :
2251, 2268, 2689, 2849, 3072, 3578, 3653,
3731, 3888, 3889, 4017, 4038, 4059, 4126,
4161, 4508, 4629, 4642, 4860, 5556, 5907
Sdul [ 19] 323, 413, 426, 597, 1583, 1721,
2631, 2724, 2798, 2988, 3050, 3739, 3828,
3841, 4012, 4300, 4798, 5959, 6044
Secl C 38] 159, 235, 314, 324, 472, 536,
621, 622, 760, ?99, 800, 812, 813, 1225,
1294, 1303, 1323, 1324, 1525, 1557, 1962,
2194, 22S6, 2389, 2424, 2433, 2482, 2848,
3117, 3576, 3651, 3730, 3740, 3887, 3950,
4036, 4037, 4640
SfaNl [ 23] 258, ~ 520, 997, 1657, 2107, 2239,
2311, 2643, 2898, 2984, 3048, 3114, 3323,
3674, 39~4, 4146, 4281, 4317, 4357, 4577,
5629, 5820, 6069
Sfil ~ 1] 2435
Smal [ 2] 474, 3889
Spel ~ 1] 726
Sphl [ 4] 1835, 2230, 2302, 3090
St~'' . ,T'~ E;- ~
WO 93/07~K 2~2~21 PCT/USg2/08
34
Sspl [ 1]6177
S~tl [ 21413, 3828
Stul [ 211961, 2481
Styl [ 9]324, 536, 1303, 1962, 2389, 2482,
3117, 3740,3950
Taql 1 151860, 1096, 1407, 1418, 1660, 1999,
2514, 2798,2954, 2978, 3014, 3176, 3367,
4580, 6024 ~;:
Thal [ 19]392, 394, 445, 969, 971, 1193,
2751, 3052,3084, 380?, 3809, 4081, 40R3,
4186, 4527,5108, 5438, 5931, 6263
TthlIlI t 6] 465, 877, 1275, 2803, 3880, 4227 ~.
Xbal t 23 1892, 3708
Xhol [ 1] 1998
Xho2 [ 11] 2010, 2152, 2521, 2856, 3102, 5121,
5132, 5218, 5230, 5998, 6015
Xmal t 21 472, 3887
Xma3 t 21 790, 2591
Xmnl [ 1] 5972
Xor2 [ 1] 5743
i~UBSTlTUT~ S ~ T
: -
WO93/07906 2121127 Pcr/us92/o899g
Table 4
ISnzymes which do not cut LXSNRII . L2:
Acc3 Bgl2 Clal Hpal Nrul
SnaBl
Apal Bsml Dra3 Mlul PflMl
Spll
Asu2 ~spM2 Ecod~7III Mrol Sac2
S~t2
Ban3 BstBl Espl Notl Sall
,
~. " ~
-~., .
.",~
:~
::
, ~:
-
.:,
i ., ~
VES ~ !TU I ~ SHEE I
i~ -, ;
W093/07906 212 PCI'/USg2/08gg9 '
1i~7 36
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII .:
g ttt++ttt+++t~tt~t,ttt,+t :
o ,
o ,,,,,I,,,,,_",
,,,,,,,, _", _",,, _",, _, ...
I I I I I _1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
.
,,,,,,,,,,~,~,..........
,,,,,,,,,,,,~,..........
,,, ",................................ .
+ ++++++++++++++++++++++++
o ,,,,,,,,,,,,,~,
o ,,,,,,,, ",,,,,_" ,
IIIIIIIIIII_1111111111111
IIIIIIIIIIIIIII~I_IIIIIII
II_~IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
+ ~ ++++++++_~+++_l++_~++++++++
I I I I I I I I I I I ~4 1 1 1
A I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
11 111111111111_~IIIIIIII11:1
,~ +++++++++++++++,,,++++++++
0 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ~ I I I I I I I I I I I
,
+ _. + + + + + . + + + + ~ + + + + + + + _, + + + +
o ,
o ,,.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,~
~ ,,,,,,,,,,,,_",,,,_
: ~ a + + + + ~, + + +, + + + ,. + + + + + + + + + + + +
O IIIIIIIIIIIi~I--~IIII'II'I
C~ O IIIII--IIIIII
II IIIIIII1~11111111111111I
a~ I I ,,,,, I,, _", _",,,,,, I, I I I
~9 11 1111 1 1_II III~IIIIIIIIIIII
Z
~- - ~ ~ O --I O CD
H t:ll H .C ~ ~ I
:- ~ U) 1~ t: H ~ C ~ --I N ~ I N ~ I N ~--I--I Z--~ N
z; O ~; m O ~ ~ U U P.~ 3 3 u U g~ 1 u Q~
o~u U U ~ ~ ~ .c .c .c ~ o o o c~
o U~
P~ o~
O ~
~"~ ~ O I
O O
I ~
~` ~
~ a~ J~ S~E~`
, ,,
WO g3/07gO6 2 1 2 1 1 2 I PCr/USg2/08999
37 :-
IIIIIIIIIIIIII_~IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII :
+++++++++++++_,+++++++~,++++++++~++++++
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I N I I I I I I
It`~IIIIIIII~IIIII
++++++++++++++++++++++++_~++++++++++++
l l l l l l l l l l ~ l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
++++++++_~++++_1+++++++++++++++~1++++++
I _1 _1111111 -
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
_1 1 _1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ~ I _l I I I I I I I _l I
eIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII(~I--IIIIIII~III
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + _1 + _~ + + + + + + + + + + _~ + + + _I + + + + + +
+-~++-l++++++++++++++++~+-l++++++-l++++++
~ l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ~ l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ~ l l l
++++++++++~++++++++~++++-l++++++++~+++
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l _l l l l l l l l
:
~D
~ H H H H H
~ I w o ~ r~
u~ p P P P 0 ~ ~ a ~ .4 U CJ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ P
mmmmmm~mmmmmmmm~mmc~u~ a~ w~
SU~3ST~TlJTE SI~EET
WO 93/07906 2 PCI'/US92/08999
121127 38
+++++++++++++++++_~++++++++++~_~+++++
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + _I + + + ~ + + + + + + + _1 + _~ + + + + ~ + +
IIIIIIIII~IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII_III_III.11
I~IIII_1_IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII~IIIIIIIIIIIIIII_~IIII
+++++++++++++++_~+~++++++_1+++++_~+~+--~++
+ + + + + +' + + + + + _1 + + + _I + _~ + + + + + + _~ + + + _~ + ~I + + +--~ + +
IIIIIIIIIN~III~NII~IIIINIIIIIII~INII
~Ill~lllllllllllllllllllllllll~IINlll
+++*+++++*++++~++++++++++++~+~++N+++
Illl~lllllllll~llllllllllll~IIINNllll
++++~++++~N+++++~+~++++++++++++~++++
I N I I I I I I --I N N I
H
O~ H
N --I
4 N u~N m N ~ N N ~ --
z o ~ ~ ~ a ~ N~ N ~ U ~ ~ ~1 ~ ~ N
O O O O O O O 0~ C C: C C la s c ~ o o _ I QJ
uuuuuuuu~ccou"a~s~ ~CO
~::~:mmms:3:m~mms:m~ s~
~"~ST~T'~!TE SXEET
WO 93/07906 21 2 1 I 2 7 PCI`/US92/08999
++++++C~+++++~ +++++++++++++~+++--I+++++
l l l l l l ~ l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ~ l l l l l l l l l
++++++++++++++++_++++++++++++++++++++
+ + +--I + +--~ + + + + + --~ _I + + + + + + + + + + + + + --I + + ~ I + + + +
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII_~III_111111111
++++++~+++++-~++++++++++~+++~+++~+-l+++
l l l l l l l l --~ l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ~
++++++--~++++++++~ ++++++++++~++++~++++
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
+~+++++++~++++++++++-~++++++++++++-l+++
--I N .
~ZZZZZZzzzzzzzzP~
SUBSTITU T _ ''. It ~ET
WO 93/07~06 2 12 1 1 27 40 PCI'/USg2/089gg
IIIIIIIIIIIIIII
+++++--~++++~I++--+
l ~ l l l l l l l l l l l l l
IIIIIII~IIIIIII
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
I ~ l l l l l l l l \ l l I
_
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
I I I I I I I I I I ~I I I I I
_l l l l l
tttttttttt ,+tttt
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
IIIII_1111111~I~
,,,,,, _1, .......
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
,,,,,,,_.,,,,,II
,..,,,~,.......
1,,,,, ~, .......
++++_.++++++++++
,,,,,,, ",, ,4, . .
,, _.,,, ~, .......
,,,, _.,,, ~, .....
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
..............
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
,,,,, _, .........
. 1, 1, .........
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
, _ _, .........
_",, ., ~,,, ,4, ...
+++++~+++++++++
,,,,,~,.........
. ,,,,, " ,,",
, _" , . . . . .
~,,,,_,I,.......
+:~+~4~ + + + ~ ~ + + + +
,,,,,_,,,,,,,~,
............ -
,,,,,,,,,,,,1,
I 1 1 1 I N IIIIIIII I
~ - ,................... .
++~+*+~++++~+++
,,,,, _" 1,,,,,,,
,,,,,..,,,,, ",
...............
I------....-..
,,,, _",,,,, 1,,,
, _. _1 ~ . . .. . .
,, _.,,, ~, .......
..,,_,..........
,..............
, ..............
,,,,,,,,,1llll,l , ' '
H
_I
-.c ~ ~ ~tr~s ~ o o ~ ~a c ~
s ~ .a ,c s E E~ E O
U~ U~ ~n U~ ta h E~ h X X X X X X X
,
SUE;)TITIJ T - ~ L~T
", ~ ~ -:
~:, ` ..
i~s'
WO 93/07906 2 1 ~ 1 1 2 7 Pcr/US92/0~3g~>9
t .
. . T T T ~l ~ T
~ ~ o ~ , ~o ~ o ~ ~
8 ~ t ~
I, f ~ t ~ I
. . ! I ! I i . . ~ . 3 9 ~ o . . i I
2~
I - 3 !~ ! ~ 2 ~ ~ ~ a ~ x ~ 8~
}~ o~
WO 93/07906 PCT/US92/0899g
4 2
2121127
3 ~ ~ s ~ . 7~ a~
WO 93/07906 PC~/US92/08999
2121127
43
. ~. 1 . . .t T . . if
o ,' I, i I ! i ' ! ' ', ' ~ .' ' t~
t ~ t................. t t . . .' '' t ' ' ',, ':
. ~ ........ __ ,
, ) ' ', - ), ' ~ ' ' , ,.. ), ' t ' ' ' t: t ': .
~ TT TTT-~tT T~Ttt~TtTTTTT T
. j '.' ' ,t ,t , ! .' . I I ! I ! l i 1 1 ', t ' ! ! ! '' .
. . . . . . . . .
i ~ ! ' I j ,t ,_,t ~
., .. , ., .,,,,, ._,
_ ~ ' ' ' : t : : . t t ' 5 ' t ' ' . ' ' ) ' ' ' ' : ' :
. , ~ . t t ), ....... ) ~ ) ' . t ' . ) .: 5
c ~ t'':: t~
~ . . ~ .... ~ _ . ~ . ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o ~
~ ........... .. ~
V ~ : ~ ~ .. ~ ... _, ...... ........
; ~ ~ I ~
o ~ o ~ ~ -
~ ~ t ~ 9 ~
~ O A
~ . ~ J ~ ~
~ ~ o ~ ~ o o ~ ~ ~ ~ * 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ o _ o
8 . .. . . . . _, ~ . , . I . ~ .. _ . . . . . .
~ ~ t ~ t ~ ., ,, .,,,,,,,, , _,,,, 1,
.. , . ~,,,, ~,,, ,,,,,, .,,, ~,
. ............. ................
.. ., ,, ~,,,,,,, .~ I _,, . I
.. ....... ,,,, , ~_,, I ., ., ....... - - ~
. . , . . , . , . . , , , , _ . . .. . . . . . . . . . .
.. ...
o .. o
.. ., y ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ..
. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ _ _ ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~
c ~ ~ c ~ ~ a ~ o ~
~- ~ o S ~ ~ o ~ C ~ ~ ~ o o o o o o o o o
~ ~ ~
x ~
~ -~ ~
WO 93t07906 P~/US92/0~999
4 4
2121127
- 3~ S~ o~ 53~y~33
WO 93/07906 PCI`/US92/0899~
4 5 2l~l 1 27
~ ' t ' ' ~ t ' I ' ' ' ~ t 5 ~
~ d ~ O ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' ~ ~ ' ~ ~
~ ~ t ~
~ A .~ " ~ " ~ " ~
a t ' 1 ~ ' ~ ' ~ i t ~ t ~ t t I
t
~ ~ ~ a
_ ~ ~ t
o ~ e ~ o
o ~ ~ ~ J I
ff
A ,~
~ ' t _ ~ t ~
- ~
~ e ~ ~
~ ~ . ~ ~ . s s ~ s ~
~ X~
X --
_ .. .
~.
WO 93/07906 PCI`~US92/0~999
"~?~
2121127 4 6
. 3~ 3~ sa~3~3330
}~
Pcr/uss2/ossss
WO 93/07906 Table 6
.
tro I 0 ~3~S. ~u~b r-J tro po-l~lo~ 1. 2121127
~Nh~ Atl3
o~c_D~A_ nd/~O-~uSV_D~a_---rt l~plltl i
I 10 ~O ~O ~0 SO ~0 70
tSSCA~ACAC CCCACCCCta CCrCCClACC SACCTtAACS ~ACCCCACJT SCCAACCCAS CCAAAAASAC
~AAC11~X:rC CCCJCCCCAT CCACCCTrO¢ ArCChAt~CA srCCCCSCAA AOCSSCCCtA CC~nrrrSASe
>~
>N~p~ ~tcoRS
~0 ~0 ~00 ~10 l~0 130 îl-0
~S~ACtCACA ASACCAAACS tCAC~SCAAC CSC~CCAACa ~ACA~ACACC SCAASACC~4A AcA~catarc
SAS~CA ~ S tAJcca~ca ACSCSACtSC CACtOCtSC- StC~ttC CC ACtSArCCSS SCtCC~A~AO
~r~2
~-p-2
IS0 ~-0 1-0 ~-0 ~-0 aoo a~o
tcsecs~Aec CCttCelCCC cceccscAcc CCX:UACAACA CASCACACAC C~CACrC~C CCCX~UAACAO
~C~CCAttCC C~CCA0CC CCCCCACSCC OCCSlK~rrCt ACTCtCSC CACSCACSAC CCCCS~CSC
>A~-l
~teo~S ~AI~ u~
.
I 2a0 ~0 1 ~0 1 ~0 a60 ~o a-o
CAt~tCSCSC CJAA~CACtS CSTCCCrCC4 C~SKi;;OCA hCAACAC~C Or00CCAC~S CC6CtCC~eC
~S~CACAO cAsJocseh~ eGAocccccc C~C4~DCCt ~x~r~csctAc CACCCCtCtA CXX~CACCSGC
~1
--
~t~
>~ St)~ P--~ >J~
a~o ~ o ~o i ~o l ~o i~so
CX~C~CCACS ~K~UACSC~ scAscleAto ~nYI:IOOCS CCXX~CA~OC~ OC~CA~AAr0 ACCX~CSAOC
CCAetCCSCA ~ACASC~CSS ~CSAC~C~AC AAAccnKooca Ct~;CCttOCS OCACTSSSAC SCOCACASOO
WO 93/07~06 48 PCI`/US92/08999
2121127Table 6 (Cont'd)
~ n2
>S-~l
~S~tl
>~--N2 ~ll9l~l
:~60 ~tO ~110 ~90 i 400 410 i 20
~AmW~AC tA~ C~CT ~C7CtS C~;CCCCCt~C ;CI~A C~AtA~A
TICCrrAGt CAACCG~ACA C~J~ACACAA COCCCCC~AC CCs;ACAGCC-~ CCACrrAm
>~-p~l~
>~
~S~l
>Av-l
>~.~1 >~
U ~19~1 ~n~ ~ i~l~P~
. 1-
I ~0 <-0 ~ I S0 1 ~-0 1 ~0 1 -0 4~0
ACI~CCCCACA .~CCCCtCJ~C~ OCCCCCCCeA CS~CCCAS J~CACtCC~;SC CCCCeCCTAC CCCtAttCCC
~C~ t~;CCCAC~CA CCCCCCCCC~ C~CCJ~ SCA~CCAC ~CCCCCATC CCCI~T~CCC
~ty~ .
5~0 510 S20 ~0 i S~0 ~S0 S60
U~SA~ c~cm CC~ S ~;s~css~o cn~ CCACCCSC ~C~CSC~
m<~CA C~CCAC~a a;S~CCtA C~CC~ eC C~CI~GCJ~C C~CAC CJ~eACS~S
~0 SS0 S-O i~oo 6~0 ~ao 6~0
~CACTACOC ACCA~;CCC~ s~m cccccc~ coccc.~ C~CACt~CC~ OOCA~:AOt:
lU~CtCASCCC SCCIWCCCC ACA~CtA~A COCOCC~CCA C<;cc~r~AC ClCScccc~O CCCSOCCSCC
~11
~'~, ` .
~: `
, .
49
WO 93/07906 Table 6 (Cont 't) Pcr/uss2/ossss
xt~
. I
'-t 212112~
~t~ el~-gl~ ~
~-0 ~SO ~0 ~0 ~0 ~- ~00
,ACOC.~CCC.~C C.~CCCCCACC SA AClCeOC ACCAJ~Ct~ t CSCSC~CS COC.~l~C~CT` J~CSetC~ATC
seccKcetc CtCCCCCtCC-~nCCAC~ SJ~ e~ c.~c~ eccs~cacA ScAcAcl~t.~e
~S~l
~Hg~
o ~0 1 ~0 ~0 SO -0 ~0
c~ tctct~ e StJ~CCtJ~Ct ~CCS.~S c~ceccc~ cctcctcelU~
~ ~ A~ACI~At I~CCCCCACCC J~CI~CaSC~tC JL~tCC~StC~. tCC~C.~ SJ~ CACCCCCICC CCACC/~Ct
- >~eoS~
A~t~
~t~
~t~
~o ~ o ~ao ~o ~o
C70J~O¢ACSS C~C~CJ~OOC cecoo~o~: CCCAC~CO Sa:CACCCJ~C ~ C~l~SJClCO
~A CI~C~SCtC40 ~cca;~ CCCSCWC AOCOt~ IU.A~OO ~A~
~eo
.
~-u~S
- .
1~1
WO 93/0790621 21 I 2 q PCI'/US92/0899g
nl¦ ( Table 6 (Cont'd)
t2~ St~
i-so ~,0 1 ~o i~o ~0 ~00 ~0
CCCCaCCSCA CCAACeCACt OCAterCC~A tCCCACCCCC tCACCAS~SC rCCTtCrCCt ~ccAc~ccAc
CCCCrCCA CCTtCCCJCA CCtACACCT~ acccrCcccc ACtCCtASAC Acc~AcAcc~ SccTCTCCJe :-
~H~-l
~0 ~0 ~0 ~SO ~0 ~O -0 ~'
-
~ACCt~AAC AC~roCCCCC SCOCt~SC~A tS~SSCC5TS OcctrSCCAA CCCAACCOCC CcctcltctctSOCAtTtSC SC~ACCCOCC AOCCAC~CSt ~AAAACC~AA CCCAAAOCtT c~xorrou;4c OCCACAACAC
~t~ .
990 1000 1010 ~0~0 1030 10-0 lOSO `:
~ -
tCC~CCACCA rOCtrCrCrC tSCrCrCTCS CrCAC~C~CS SrCrCtA m CtCrCAAAAt SACCCCCACaaCCACCTCCS ACCAACACAC A~CACACACA CACtCACAC~ ~ACACAS~AA CACACTrr~A ArOCCGCSCS
~AOCl
~S~ul
~1
>~-t~
~U3~
1060 i ~0~0 110-0 10~0 ~ 0 1120
CrCtSAOCAC tCOCTSAAOt trCAOCStAO CrCACrCC~A ACAtCSCCAO CCCATOOCSC aC~AOCAetC
CAC~ATCarO ACCCAAtSCa aACTCCAASC CACSCACCSt SCSACACCSC CCCS~COCAO SCSSCCtC~O
,
~Ct~
~: ~A-pa~ >t~
-
WO 93/07906 5 1 PCr/US92/089g9
. ~ Table 6 (Cont'd) 2121127
2 ~-tC2 ;~-t l ~ 11 >1(~ Ct~
~1~0 ~1~0 i ~SO 11~0 i ~1~0 11~0 1~0
CCtACASCtC ~C~CACAC CStCC¢STkC C~CICCS CCAC~SCCC C~CCrrr~A OCtCCCASeO
ASCtACAC SSCStCSC7C CAACCC~te CAACACCACA ccscrrAccc CTtCCA~tt CC/~CCACC
~-nl ~Nphl ~Rp~l .
1~00 1210 1 1220 12~0 1~0 ~2S0 ~0
COCOCACAOC CACCSr~J~A COCACAOC~C ASCI~CC~CC S~CASC~ CC~ TCCOC~
:~C~ a;tCCl~ASt CC~rCCA0 sAcswcsa: ~SSCrACSS CC~CA~CS CCAC~CCC~
~Dr-~ ¦
~coO10
I
~.
>S~
1~-0 1 ~ 1~0 ~00 1 1~0 1~0 ~O
. . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .
~SeCAC~CCC ACACa~CCtC CCAC~SC¢ SCACCTCCCA .~ccc~wccr t~tCACCCCC CtCCCSCCCt
~ccsctcec ~c CCSCCAC cccAsctacc acTwAecct ta;c~cocJ~ a~c,~ccccc CACCCACOCA
1~-0 i ~SO 1~0 1~-0 1~-0 ~0 1-00
C~TCCCC~ C~tC~CCCAS SCCCACCOCC ACCACAACCA CCSACCC~ CACACCC CCAAC~CC>.
, .
1-~0 1-~0 1--0 l~S0 ~ 0 1~' 0
~10421CCA ~C;~CO ~-scc~ rr SASO~ACOOC SCJ~C~CC~C SCtAOOOCa~ AA~OCTSt~
ecacc~cct CCCCCCCACC SACCACCCAA aSACC~ ACSCACCA~C ACAS~C S~ CCAASC
WO 93/07906 PCI'/US92/08999
~ 1 2 1 1 2 7 b 1 e 6 ( Con t ' d )
,
~,~S0 1--0 lS00 1 lS~,0 ISaO IS~0 lS~0
CTSCCSI~CS C~ CCSAC ACSC~;CAAAC C1~t~GC~aO C1~CCtA~CS.~ ~ICICC~CO lCCCCC~
O~CCJ~ C~CCtOC.~SC teACCCm~ CtACSOC~C CSCC.~ S CACAeCSCCC I~CCC~;G.~Co~
.
>11-~1
1 .
~P~ 8~
~SSOlS~0 ~S~0 lS~0 1 ~S~0 i 1 1600 i 16~0
S~CCCCI~C~ ACAC~C CCAm'CAC4 CACCC~CtCC CCICnrrC~ tACAS'CSACC m~;CtACC
~C;CSC~C S~C~CACCtC CCSIU~ACC C~COCAC~CC CCAt;A~CACA ~J`CtACASCC IUAACCASOI~
2 6~0 1~0 lC40 16S0 lC60 1~,?0 1~-0
c~ccc~e aCtASCrTOC ACCta~n Ct tCC ~ C~SCC CCC~;tCCJ~S Ct;ACACC.~tC ~ AC ~ CS
CACS~X~;CAC tCASAC~ACC SCCACTAACA AGCSrCSACC GGCACACCt~ CC~CtCCTaC CS~CACGACa
>N91.'Al
~Ap-Ll i
~0 ~-00 1-10 ~0 1 ~0 ~--0 l~S0
c~nx~c~s~ce ~CSA~CSCtS GC~CTSCTC~ C~UUAC~C~CC ACCtACTSCA ~CtSCtACA~ AC~ c~ea
SAACCSA~OC SCASSCACA~ CCtGA~CACS CtS~CtC~00 SCGATCh~Ct tC~CA~CSS TC~7~rrC~Ct
~p~ ~A~-a~Bpb~
i a-~o l~o a~o 17~0 ~00 1 ~-10 ~0
V
e~c~mAc scc~ca~ aCACAS~AS~ SSC~ASOCJ~ S~JU~SAJ~ eAas~o~
OCTteAC c~a;s~s~ ~OC~ l~ ~S~CtAJ~ CST~ AArsJ~ C~S~CO0
~p~
>~p(~S2~ p l
S~)l >t-t~
~30 ~ 0 ~-S0 1 ~0~ 0 ~0
al-Ac~co~ ec ~sccsa~c am~cm SaCASOCoa~ Ae ~ C ~CA ~ a~s~
S~rCACTCC0 cct~cc~cro SAA~SrC~a ~SCt~CXXX;S l~rrOC0CSC ~Ct10AC.~ CS~C~CC~rCA
WO 93/07906 PCl`/US92/08999
5 3
` 2121127
Table 6 (Cont 'd)
~At l~
~00 ~-10 ~0 1~0 1~-0 ~SO . i ~-~0
C~ CJ~ACA ACAI~CTC~A CC~CCACC AACtCCSA~A mACCtC~ Ae~ 'CS ttCJ~t~C
CaCJ~S~ SCrl'~;ACm CCACACCSCC tteACCAm A)~tOCACSr tcCtm~CA AACtCAAttC ::
~A--l
A~r~ ~A~J1
~t~
~.
.1 , , .
>~ tSl
.
: 1'~'~0 1~--0 1~0 2000 ~010 20~0 ~0~0
~C~ SSAJ~t~'e~ AtatCAACCt I~At>Ct~C CACAJU~CC CASC~C~C ~C~ttCJ~tC
t~ttACtOCt SAT~CmCA ttAtCUCl~C cc~mcc C~CACmC ttCS~Ct~C
~.
~t~l
~0~0 ~OSO ~0-0 ~0~0 ~0~0 ~0~0 ~00 ',
t~ClU~t~e ~tCJ~tC.~CAC ACCCAOCAtS CtCCAJ~me tCAJ~ CASC CA~tAa~m tCSC~II -
Cttl~t~C C~CSACtC Sa~CSCCSAA CaC~t~AAC ~ AC Ct~SeCJ~ ACACSStCCt
3~
~t~
p~
;O_ rlr_~r~t-r
Dl~A~ O_~I~A_tt~t
~0 ~1-0 ~0 ~1~0 ~SO ~ 0
~t~C AC~rAAC~SCA SJU~SSJ~ACSC CS~ACSS A~ACASASC ACCAS~ ICCS CtCC~SCSC
J~CSJ~CAC~SC SCA'rJ~aACS AtS~A~e CJ~CCCtcaa SmCSAtAO SCCtAOCC~ OC~SAC~I:
t
'', ~11~1
: .
~A
.
',~:
, , ~ .
54
PCI/US92/08999
WO 93/07906
Table 6 (Cont'd) ~ p~2S2~1
2121127 ,.. ~! ;
:~Spl
2~0 21~0 2~00 ~2~0 ~20 ~0 2~0
tC~c~AC CCS~;CJW~ CtCeCCAcCC SCCCCACCJ~C CC~C~AC~.~t CC~CCJ~; c.~tC~A~
CtC4~SC CCJ~C~CC~TS CACCCCTCCC AccccS~ c CcSSC~SA ~;SStcctAC CS.~CACl~AJ~
;,
>N~
~A~
~cos2
>~ Si~
S1
'~pl `:
:::
22S0 ~2-0 ~0 ~0 ~2'~0 ~00 1 ~0
ccw~e CACCSCtCCA ~ctaxc~ eCCJ~C~Aet ASCC~ACC~ tCCAt~a
SCaCtCCl~e CTCC~CACa tSCACCCCtC OCAGCCCTCC SCCCt~ SAOCtq~ t ACCt~CAC~S
- a~ao ~o ~o a~so ~so a~o ~oo
ttACTC~CC~ ACCASACt#: C~OCCS~C SC;CCC~t~ CS7CCC~ ~;cccAe nc~c~s
J~ASC~CSOCS S1;CtAt~GC G0CCÇAS'SC tC~;CCCCSAS eCCC&CCA~ ~:ACCCf;¢CSS ~CCCCC&SA
~l~eoa ntl~
~t~
~0 2-00 ~0 2~0 ~-~0 ~ S0
t~oc A~CCCSeA ~= AmAtCa~ CCCOCACeC xc~:ecc SCSeACCSAS
I~CACCCCCCC SACCCA~Ca rSAM~ SJ~MSAOCSC TCa;C~C~ COCCA4CCCC ~CAC~tA
~t~
~A~r~
~t~ >~
~l -
WO 93/07906 PCI`/US92/08999
~s 2121127
Table 6 (Cont'd)
~A-tl >Nln~ >--t~
2-60 ~102--0 il ~90 2S00 ~S10 j ~S~0
tCCAC~ACSA C~eACCACCC tm~ CCC'TACCCSS ~CC~C C~CCSCC ACCtOCACCe
ACC~CStCAt CJ~CTCC~ ~cCtC CCCJ~tCCC~ ~CC~SC C~Cccc~cc mAC~r~:oC
~t~l >I~
A~ INA--~dITnS--D~!
12s~o ~S~0 2SS0 2560 2S70 2SU~
CCASC~CASC ~CACA~CC A5C~CGAS~; S~tQCC A~ S C~ CAJ~ GAt CC>. ~C CAC CCA CCS S~
CCTACACSAC ~C~C~C TACtC~ACC AAACQC SAC TA~ Crt CS~ A C~ AAC esc QCt CCJ~ AC~
~I-t 11- Cl-~ Cln A-p C-~ L~u ~1- Al- Cl~ ~r~ -~
~teoS~ I
>~
e~r~
~ .
2~ 00 2~10 ~ 0 ~ 0 2S-0 ~S0
o~ ec~ cc e~ cu aoo CSA ttC oec S~S CAC scc CC~ C~ )~ AtC CCC S&~ S~
CCC ~4 CCA AOC CAC C~C tCI: OAS ~4 ~ asA ~ ~c~ ~s o~ osc TCS ~ ~0 aoc a~a
~0 Al~ Al~ 1) S~ A-~ S'r~ Al~ C~ la S~ ~ lr ~- J~r
>1
~Acr~
~Ab-2
WO 93/07906 PCl`/US92/089g9
56
Table 6 (Cont ' t) .
212112~
2-~,0 2-,~0 ~ 0 i ~ 0 ~'~00 ~ o
~s ecc ecc c~ ttc occ crc tc~ C~ c~c cco a;c CC~ crr S m ctc aJ~o l~oe CI~C CSC~sa ~c occ c.~e AAC ccc c~c ~ct occ ctc ccc C~ ccc C~ c~ ~ cJ~c ~e tcc C eJ~c
J~-p ~ V-l tb- I r5~ t u S~ Cl~ Cly ~r~l ~ro V-l L u ~b- V-l t y- Sbr A-p L-u~
~e~"
>~-~1 >P~
~ 0 2~0 ~0 ~S0 ~ 0 1 2t~0
tCC ecs eCc CSC ~s CA~ c~c c~c c~c c~o Ga~ eCc ~;C CSA SC~ C C C~: A~ AC0 cce
.~C~ cca OCC CAC ~A CSr C~.C CtC CS1; C~C CCt C~;C CCC CAS ~CC ~CC CAC CCC SCC ~;C COC
~-~ Cl~ al- L u A-n C1~ Clr~ A-p Cl~ Al- ~9 Le~ r S~ 1. ~ al- tbr Sl~r Cly~
. ~r~
~Ao-l ~tt~
~2 >lI~lal
?1( ~ p2 . ~2
.. , . ~ ..
7~0 1 ~001 2~0 2~0 ~0 ~<0
CSt a:s scc cc~ c ese cse eAc Ctt cte J~Ct caA CCC CCA ~CC cac Scc C a ~ CCC e~ ~t cca CAC e~ ca css ccc c ~ cc cac CAS AaC CCC
1 t~o Cr- al- a~ Y~ A~p V-l V-l tl~r C~ C~ ~9 A-~ tr~ C~y~
~ n
.
p~
2~S0 i ~ 70 ~-~0 ~0 2'~00 -
. . - . . .
c~ cff coo 040 c~ oas c c~ sct cac C~t OCS OCS OOC CAI~ ~a t~C ASC ~SO
CS--CAC CCC ~CC CSC J~ ~U~O CAC J~OS I~CA C~ cAa OCA oca a~ CtC m c ~s ~oo SAI~ tac
V~l ~ro ~1> ol~ A p a ~ r 1- ~ Al~ Ol~ r
>~
.;:
WO 93/07906 PCr/US92/08999
57
2121127
Table 6 (Cont'd) ~:
~ ~-0 ~-~0 2--0 ~-S0 1 2~,0
CCII CAt CC~ l~se CCC OCO C~ C~S ACC crS CAS CO~ OCt I~CC tCC a:a StC CJ~C CJ~C C~ ca~
oca CTA OCS SI~C CCC CCC CJ~C CSJ~ SCC C~ A CCC OC~ CC CCt AAe crc C~; crr O~C
al- ~-p .~ .rg a,g ~u Hl- tH~ L~u a-p ~ro al- SHr C~ ~ro ?b~ p Nl~ Cln Al-~
~1~9L~
~C~r~O~
~0 ~-0 ~0 ~000 i ~0~0 ~0~0 ~0~0 :'
lu~a cat OCC ,AtC CAC CCA CCA CCS ACS OC~ ASC CAJ~ CCC CCt C~t crc CAt CAC CAt CAS CS~
m CTA CCC tl~C CtC CCS OCS CC~ tCA CCC tAC C~S OCC CC~. CAA C~C CSA CSC CSA CtA C~C
A~ t-- Clu a,s Al- /~r9 Sbr ~r9 ~t-t Cl~u Al- Clr L~ r-l A~p Cln A~p A~p a
~Spl
~I~-p~?S2~) 1
N-pl
~0~0 ~OSO ~0~0 ~0-0 ~0~0 i ~0~0
CJ~C Cl~ CI~C cas CAC CCC CSC CCC CC~ OCC CaA CtC tSC cce ACC C A~C CCC CCC ATC CCC
~ cn ~c cs~ etc ~cc eAc occ CCt C¢C C~t CAC a~c ~;C tCC eac ~e ccc ecc tAC CCC
Cl-~ Cl~ Cl~. Cl~ L~u 1~ r~ e~ >rg ~ a~ 9 ~ o~
S~ #eol ~Ctrl
~t~ S~
0 i~ao ~110 ~1~0 ~SO
eM CCC CAC C~S CSC ~SC C~C ACC CAt ecc CAt CC~ tCC ~ COC ~t ASC atC CSC CAA AJ~SC~ coe c~c csa c~ cAe CA~ S80 CSA COC csa oco a~ ~c coc nA s~e sae c~ SA
r o~ a.~ o~ A-~ A~ 0~ A~n~
WO 93/07906 58 PCI/USg2/08g99
2121 l 27Table 6 (Cont d)
~Ctrl
>~--1
~o ~-o ~o i i~1~0 ~2001 ~210 .
C4C ~x;c m sc~ cca m asc cac SCt CCC OCC CSC CCt CTC CCC Cac C~C SJ~S CAC CAC asl~ :
~o~ COC ~a ac~ ocs aac sao ~ J~ca COO ecc cac CCA c~c ccc csc e~ ~sa CtC C~C tatC~ h- ~-r Clr ~b ~1- A-p C~- Cl~ L u C~r Yal al- a.p a-~ ~r ~ a~
~O ~2~0 ~2~0 ~S0 ~-0 ~10 ~2~0 ~:
COC ~ ccs ACC oCs C~.~ a~s ccr CAJ~ CAC C~t ccc CCC ClU~ SCC e~ CAC ~^ r~c C~C es~e
OCC ~ C cca T~C CC~ csa th~ CCA crr ~ C c~a COC COC CST >~cc ~;A CJC C~; ~A0 CAC C~C
Al- Leu al- tbr Ar~ A~p 11- Al~ Clu Cl~ u Cly Cl~ C~ t~p Ill- I~-p Ar~ th~ V~
:
32~0 ~00 ~10 ~0 ~0 ~0
C~t SAC CCS atC ccc C ccc CAt SCC C~C ~C A~C CCC tte t.~t CCC C~t ~rs CAC CAC tSC
eA~ asc CCA tAe CCC CCA CCC csa ~CC erc ecc s~c CCC A~C Asa ece c~ cJu~ csc csc ~AC
~--~ ty- Cl~ tl- A~- Al- ~ro A-p S-r Cl~ Ar~ t~ a~. Jh~ Ar~ s~ a-p cl~ th >
. :
¦ >t~S_D~a~ O-~L~_D~a_-t-~t
~o ~o ~o ~o ~o ~ o ~o
rrc ~CA cocecActc SCCCCtS0CA tAAAAt~A C>.rSrtAm aCSCTCC~Ca aA~ACCC~CC AAtCA~ACAeJ~ ff a;cccre~e aca:c~ecr AmtAmt CS~AtA~ SCAC~CCt m~c SSA~StCTC
~At 12
~ i ..
~<~0 3~0 ~ S0 3~60 3-70 ~--0 ~--0
OOCJ~OCSCtA ccmCco~ CAeCSS~A OSAA~ S mGCAACCC ~SCCA~UUAS AC~SAACSC~
CCCtCCAC~S OC~AACCCrt ~AtOCA~t CAnCOWSA ~;S~COO SAC~T~S~a ~S~C~
>~-pll2
, ~.
~SOO ~S~O ~S~O ~S~O I ~S~O ~SSO I ~S O
CA~tAC~ CSSCACA~ J~ccscAecaa CACAtOCAAC ~CAAtAS OCCCU~Ata ocas~
CSSASC~ CAACtC~CS SOCACtCCSS CS~AOC~ t~c~ s~ ~ICT CCSASACACa
:
5g
W O 93/07906 Table 6 (Cont'd) PC~r/US92/08999
212112 7 ~r~u~ ~cco~s ~ ~
~S70 1 ~S~0 ~S~0 ~600 ~0 ~6~0 ~0
CCtA~CC~Ct t~CSCC~OC cu~rcAeccoc ~AC~C~CAS CC~ACACCTC A~Sccx~cC lV~CACCASA
CCA~1XCCTCA ACCACet~;:C CCACtCCOCC StctSCScsA CCt.~TCCAC SSASAcCCeC ~rrcteCtAt
'':
~AlvNl
.
36~0 36S0 ~660 36~0 ~6~0 36~0 3~00
SC1r6rCCl`AA CCACS~CX rC CCCOCCCTCA CcCCC~ACAA CACArCCScC CC~GAtc~x;c SCX ACC~x:rC
AC~ACACC'ASt CC~CAACCAC a;CCCCCACt CCCX;C~t CtCrAC!CAGC CCSC~ACCCC ACCS~
>~
>D
~ .
>tcc
I
~t~ :
>~n~ ~stya i l ;
~ ~0 ~0i ~7-0 1 ~SO ~It~O ~0
.~CC'~ACt~CS J~CaCAAOC~S CACASCS~C CACCCS~C~ C C~ACCaCC ~AAt,~CAC,C CtCOC~SASSSOCSC~CJ~ scs~eta cscsJ~a~c CSCC*A~C crtccrccac mACCCA CACW~AS~U
~C~
>~
.
~7J0 3~0 3-00 ~-~0 ~20 1 ~-~0 ~0
~cJ~acs~o~ cJuXrroo C~lK~rOCCSS crcs~ cK~rrc~ rc CX~DCACK~rC~ a~J~ACAOC
ACt~CA~CC l~ACta~CC CAACACCCAA CACAACC~:OC Cl;A~AGACCA~; CCCCSQCi~¢S sAsma~
.. .
>1~
','.
PCI'/USg2~0899g
WO g3/07gO6
Table 6 (Cont'd) "'~
~S~l ~,
2121127 ~ 1 ~ ,: .'
>A~ e~l ~a~
t j~ ~seh~ A~ ~
~SO ~ 0 ~0 ~000 ~0 I I ~900 ~-10
CCACJUCOCC tCA~CCCC CCCCAC~CS cocAs~eAcs CACSaCccoC CCSACCOCtC tASCCJUSJU~
ceSCtt~;CCC ACtCACCCCC CC~;C~CCA CCCSA)~CTCA CTC.~CCCCCC ca~tCCCC~C AtACCtt.~r~
~Strl ,'.'.
~920 ~930 ~9~0 ~9SO ~9~0 ~9~0 ~9~0
~occrc~W Acnw~: cAc~esccs Ct~C~C tCCCACCC ~:a ctca~cacs
t~CCACA~; tCA~CCSACC C~CACC~. CJ~CCC>.C~¢ CAACCCOC ACJ~ CACS CACtAJ~eA
:~: >~p~
,
~--0~ ~0~0 ~010 1 0~0 0~0 0-0 OSO
~CC cCCCCtCnS CAmCCCCC CCtCOCCC ASC~CCACaC cccrcccc.~e ecacc~ccca
:~ ~CCACSCC CCCCC.~C~U es~ccccc CACCJ~CCCCC SACCCC~`C C~CACCCCte cctcctce i;
-.
~N~p(-S~
. . .
~)~o ~tuL~r - D~ ld_l~4JU2~_Dl~ t~
~o~o 40~0 t ~~ 40~0 ~ I ~ I 4120
COCACCAC~ CCACCSJUOC scca~e C~COC~ CSCASCAa~ ~CJUUUC~SC SCAC
~119~
~0 1-0 ~lS0 ~ 0 ~1~0 i ~0
~CA CAa;CtCUA CCTSCtCtCt ~COCCASCC CaCCACa~CA C~C~C aoe~
C~CS OCAAC~CACA SSOCCC-`A00 COOC~CSCS C~n#OeU.O
nblllt ~ 2 ~Acel
' ' '
:
WO93/07906 61 ~f~1 27
Tab le 6 ~ Con t ' d ~
200 ~10 ~20 ~0 ~ 0 ~S0 1 2~0
J~CCCCC~etS cCCCCctetC CCCCCCCACC C~tC~CCCJ~C tC.~ ACC~; ASACCeCACS CtAtAccc
~CCCC~CJ~ COCCCCJ~C~C OOC~CCCt~X; CSA~;CCSC J~C~eCAtCCC tJ~tCCCa~ C~t.~ Ooo
~Hg LU
Ap~Ll i >Nd- l
4~0 2-0 ~0 .1~00 1 ~10 ~0 ~0
~AJ~C't>.SCC CCCI~ CAC CACAtSCtJ~C SCACACSCCA CCASAtCCeC SCSCJJUSAC CCCACACAt~7
JU~S~'e>tACC COctACtC~C CtCtAACI~SC AC~:AOCt CCSATAC~;CC ACAC~SSA~C COCtCtClAC
>~ 2
~3~0 ~SO ~3~,0 ~0 ~ 0 3-0
OCtJL~CCACA U~AtACOCCA tau;c~;crc tSCOCCtJCC S~CC,ACSC .~OCCJ~;OC CSOCCtCCSS
CCAS~S SttASCCOCt (AC~SCAC AACCCCAJ~eC ACC~;ACS~AC T`CACCCAOCC CACCcAGaA
~0 -~0 ~0 ~0 ~SO -~0 ~0
-
~CCC~ C CACCCCSAtC ACCtCAC~CA A~CCCCCtJ~A SACCCttAtC CaCAC~tCA eCCC-~t ~ C ::
CCCCAOeCCC C7CCCC~taC tC~Ct'CACt StCCCCCAtS ASCCC~tAC CtCtCStACt CCOCTASrCC
p~'~S2-)1
>A~
~-0 1 ~--0 ~SOO ~S~O ~S~O ~S~O ~S~O
- ,`
CACCAAACAA C~rCSCACC~ AAAOCCCACC A~A~çocAe CAACOCS~A AACCCOCCCt sccrceccns -`
OSCC trClS CtAC~CrOCt tJSCCCCtCC tstrccoctc CSrCCCA m tlClCCCCCa AOCAOOGC~A ~-
>11,9-~-
4SSO S-O S70 4S~0 ~S90 1 ~00 ~610
- - - - - ..
62
P~r/USg2/08999
W0 93/07906
Table 6 (Cont 'd)
mCC~SACC ca;cccoc C~CACCACCI~ r oCJ~CCCTC~ cse~cAccsc CQCA~coo~
~CCT-~t~C CACCCCCCCC CACCtCCS ACSCS~J~ CC~ CSt C.~CSCrCCAC ~;~CCCC
~620 ~ 0 ~6S0 ~ ~ ~
.~C~CC>AS IUUCASJ~CC~ ecccmccc c~c~ccs c~tecc ctc~cst CCCAC:rCC
SCtCC~C~tA mCtAtCCt CCCCA~ACCC CCACcrsc~;A CCC.~CCJ~cCC CJ~C.~CCAC~A Cc~JWcAOc
~690 ~00 ' 10 ~0 ~0 ~-0 ~S0
CCCrrACCCC J~tACCrCtCC e~mctcc C~CCCGA~C C~SCC~ SC~ASJ~C CACC`Ct/~0
CCCA~tCCCC tAt~;CAC-kOC CCC~ACACC CJU~CCOC~C CCACOCC~ ACACtAS~CA Ct~CACJ
~Ap-Ll i
~60 ~0 ~0 4 ~90 i ~ 10 <~20
CSJ~tCtCJ~Ct tCCCtCtACC t`CCstCCCTC C~CC~;CCC tCSCSCCJ~OC AACCCC~Ct tCACOCCCAC
CatACACSeA J~CCC~ CCCAC CttCCACCCC AC~C>~0CtCC tSCCCCCCCA AC~CCCSC
<~0 ~--0 ~SO ~0 -~0 --0 ~-0
e~Sl:CCt tJ~tCa;CtJU~ I~SCCt~T CACtCCl~CC C~;CSAACaC~ CCACttASC~ CCCAC
C0CA0Ca;GA AtACCCCJ~n CatACCACJ~ CJ~CCS~CC ecc~tscs CCAAtl~CC CCSCA~C¢Cte
1-~OO -~0 -~0 ~9~0 ~-0 ~S0 ~0
CJ~CCCAC~C tAACACCAtt ACCACAC~:A CCSAtCS~CC Ct;CtCCSAa~ CAC tCTrCA ACSCC~WCC
CtCCCSCACC AJ~et~tAJ~ tCCtCtCCC~` C~SACJ~SCC C:A~;lltct CtCJU~C~ACt tCACCAC0CC
~ 0 --0 ~ SOO0 S010 S0~0 S0~0
t~UCt~.0CCC SACA~CA11~ CCACACtASt SCCt~t~CC CC~CJ~ JU;~CStJ~C C~OCCAJUU
l~tSC~SCCW J~tCtCASCrt 0CSCtCAt~ ACCJ~t/~CAOC C~;ACACCACt K~;CSC1U~tC CAAC~XmS
'
63 2121127
WO 93/07906 Table 6 (Gont 'd) PCI`/US92/08999
... SO~O SOSO SO~,O SO~O SO~O S090 S~00
,~CI~C~CCSA cc'rct~ sc CCCCJ~C)~ CCJ~CCCCtC C~ACCCC~C S~m~Jclt SCC~CCACC
S~tC~CCJ~S CCAC~CrAC cc~cm~;ss tCCtCCOCJ~C CATOCCC~CC ~CAJ~ I~OCSt~CS~
t~'l
~S-trl ~Xho~ . ~R~l
SllO Sl~0 i Sl~0 I Sl~0 SlS0 Sl~,0 Sl~0
aCAttACCCC CACJ W ~ CCAS~ CAJ~C ~ACAtOCTSt CJ~tC ~ rSCr J~CCCCCtC~C ACCCSC~Cr~
~K:S~AtC~XiC elcm~rrrrs OCtACACrrC SSCSACCA~A CSACA~JU~C~ lCKX~CCAGAC t~CCA~rCAC
~Xt-o2 >~tSl ~Dr~l
~H~ Hp~l >~lho2 ~ 3
S~O I Sl'~0 S200 S210 15~20 S230 S2~0
C~CCAAAAC SCACCS~AAC CCASttSCCt cAseAcArtA SCAAJUbACCA SCSSCACCSA CAtCCr~tta
C~rrCCl~rrC ACtCCAAt~C C AAbACCA CtA Ct~AS ~ct~rrsccs ~C~ACtCCAt CtACCAAAat -~
~Dr~
.
S~SO S2-10 ~-0 S~-0 ~290 ~00 ~0
J~J~S CAACm~ ASC~SC-~J~A ACtAtASASC ACt)~C~tC CSC~CACaCt tACCAA`~t
~t~am~A C~St tACJtACASt SCAtAt~tAC: s~mc~c CJ~CACteSCA .~SCC~A~;A
~pg~
S~O i S~O S~O ~SO S~-O i S~O S~O
tJ~S~CSCA eCCJ~C~A~'C s~cclsal-tcs escsAm~ s~sl~ C~ C ~ t
ASt~CS~CS CCCtCCASAC I~Ct~CCtACA CACAS~C AJ~CSACCSI~S C~ACC~;AC~C ~CCCCO.C~
>8~1
.
~-0 ~ 10 ~-~0 ~4~0 5~40
CtACASAAC~ ACCAtAOCCC AGCCCS~ACC ATCSCCCCOC AClC~:rCC~U~ SCASACCX~DC AC~OOCAOCC
CASCSA~SCA SCC~ASCCCC SCCCC~ASCC tACAOOCCCC SCACCAOCSt ACtASC~X~SC tC1ti#~rCCC
X trlOS ~9~
i S~O S<~O S~-O S~O i SSOO ~S10 SS20
SY:ACc~u:rc CACAmAtC ACC~ASA,AAC CAGOCACOCe C~ACCC~DCA C~CC~CAACS GCtCY~iC~
Act~;ccy~cAc CtCSAAAtJ~C SOC~AlStC CSCCCS~S;CC Ct~CCS CCOCtC~ CC~CCACCSS
WO g3/07906 PCI`/US92/089g9
6 4 ". .
121127Table 6 (Cont~t)
~A--l
SS~O SS~O i SSSO SS-O SS~O SS-O SS~O
~AS~ Cl`CCAtCCAC SCtAttAASt CSSCa~;CCA ACCSACACSA ACtACtt~ CtSJ~AtM~
ca~t-~cccc CACCSACCSC I~CASMStJU CAACC:CCt t~;AS~S SCAtCl~ACOC ¢tClU~SSJ~
.
2 :.
~Ao- 1
>r-pl .;
~rdl~
tl >~-tl
S~ ~ S~10 S-~O S-~O S~-O S-SO S--O :
rccccAAc et7esroccA tlcc~ccAec C~SCCtCCtC SCAOCCTCC~ CCStrCCtAS ¢CU~rSCATSC
JJJU~CCCStC CAACJbOOCS ~AOCAOCtCC CSACCAOCAC ~CSCCCACCA ec~AAcc~s~ cocA~cs~Ae
.
~: S~O S~O S~-O S-OO S-~O S-~O S-~O ~`
: . . . . . . . . o
~CK~rCCCCST ecc~Aocatc AACCCCACSS AC~tCAtC~ CCASCtSCSC CPJJUU~COC CttACCtCCS
tCC~GCCC~ CCCTSCCtAC ttCCCCtCAA tCTACtACCC CCtAC~ACAC ctt~rrsccc C~AtCCAOCA
>~o~2 >C~r~
S~O I S~SO S~O i S~O S~O St~O S-OO
~x~csc~roc CAS~CCSrCSC ACAACT~CS SCWKYCCJC~ Ctt~CACSC ASCCStASCC CAOCACl~Ca
~CC~:ACCA~C CTACCAACAC SCtSClrrCA ACCCCCCSCA CAASACSCAe SAOC~ASAOC CTCCrCAOCS
~Se-l ~llp~
S~10 S~O S-~O S~O S~SO I S~O S-~O
;: S~Jonn:SCI~ ACtC~CASCC CAtC¢CSAAO ~OKTlnlCS CSCACJCCSO ~CSAClKC~AC C~U4CSCATSC
CACAA tCAC~CSAOC CSACCCASSC tACCAJUAC~ CACACCAC tCASCACSrC CTTCACtAAO
~ ~ .
:
P~/US92/08g99
W093/07906 65
2121127
Table 6 (Cont 'd)
~HInc~
>Hlnd2
~Ae~r1 :
~Ng~ 2
. .~ .
S81~0 S~90 S~OO S~lO S9~0S9~0 S~0 :
SeAC~SACS CSASCCCCOC ACOCACSTCC ~C CCtC~CAOO CC~S~SJ~ C~CCACJ~tA
.~CS~SASCJ~ CASJ~OCCOCC lwcra~o¢ AC~CCC~CC CCAcStCSCC CCr~S r~S~;o CCCCc~;SAS
:.
,,.,,,.~,.
~A-p-OO
~A~ t~
~ . ...
~Dr-l ~HgLU ~ Xt~o2 >~I-pS~ ~
S~SO S~O S~O ~$-~0 S~-O~000 ~010 ; ~'
ccJ~ca~cm A~CSCC~C l~Se.~CCI~ AJ~CC5~C ~;CCA~ C~CSCA~CCA tCtSACCC6
CC Cr~CA~ CAC l`ACSMCt tscc~eA~c ct~cocm cAcAcrrces ~CA~SCCOCI~ :
>~t.o2 ~glJ~l
~-t,Sl ~Apat.l >
¦ ~0~0 ~0~0 ~0~0 ~OS0 ~0~0 ¦ ~,O?0 0~0
C TSCAC> SC~ ACSSCCAS~S ~COCA~ SCC? C~C S~AtC~G CASC~rAC mc~
C~C~ACC SCA~CCSJ~Ca ~;GCtCACC Aa;tOCCl~ ACtAC~CSC CSJ~¢~t~ ~CtCCS~0
:
~Bpl
~1090 100 ~ 0 1~0 ~1~0 ~ 0 ~lS0
e~cccs cAcaw~c ACC~ACCaU~ aA~ JU~CCCAAt ~CCCOCAC~
aUU~CACCC~ a;mssc SOCT~COCSt ~AOCC~ SA 5~;C~CS CCCS~ACI~
~S~
6160 ~ 0 ~ 0 61~0 6~100 ~ 0 62~0
WO g3/07gO6 60 PCI/US92/089g9
2121127 ,...~
Table 6 (Cont 'd)
CA~S~CtC~S ~C~CaS~cst mc~sass ~t~C~ACCAS SS~tC~CCCt S~TSC C~C~ SC~CCCC~T~
C~rt~SC~CSA SCAC~ACC~ ACSt~S M t~ACl~rOCtA ~S~CSCCCA AS~C~C~Ct ~C'tOCCCt~S
~0 ~2~0 2S0 6260 ~2~0 2-0 2-0
CATAtt~C~A SCtATttACA ~AAt~AACA AASACCCCtt CCCCCCAC~S StCCCCCAA~ ACSCCCACC,~
CS~TAAAC~t AC~t~AJCS ST~tArTrCt ttA~tCCCC~A CCCCCCtCJ~ MCCCCCtJS tC~CCC~CCA
>A-t~
~Acyl ~tcoO109S
,
>~ Dr-2
I ~300 ~10 ~ 0 6~30 ~0 ~S0 6~60
CACCt,CtAAa AAACC~Sta S~tC~SCACA StA~CCtA~S~ AAAAJACCCC SASCACCA,CC ccca~ YCSC
C~rCC~CASJC tttCCSAAta AsActAcrct AAS~CCAt~S SSStASCCCC AJ~Cscc~oC CCCAAACC~a
SK~
~: ~U~CtS
~,
'
-
C ~t1ch do ~ot eut t~S~IIL~ ~
~ee~ ~9U Cl~l R~ l Sn~U
~-, J~ r~ t~S Spll
p~ tcdtt~ ~ol ~c2
J~t~ otl
~: .
WOg3/07~K PCT/US92/08
67 2 1~ 1 12
To generate the LXSN-RI-IL2 retroviral vector, 10
micrograms of pLXSN-RI-IL2 DNA was transfected into the
ecotropic packaging cell line PE501 by standard calcium
pho~phate precipitation methods (Miller et al., Mol. Cell
Biol. 6:2895, 1986). The transfected PE501 cell line was
grown in DMEM medium with 10% FCS. The medium was changed
after 24 hours and ~upernatant harvested 24 hours later to
infect the amphotropic packaging cell line PA317 as
described (Miller et al., Mol. Cell Biol. 6:2895, 1986 and
Miller et al., BioTechniques 7:980, 1989). The infected
PA317 cells were harvested by trypsinization 24 hours later
and replated 1:20 in DMEM containing 10% FCS and the
neomycin analogue G418 (40b ~g/ml). The cells were grown
at 37C in 7% CO2 atmosphere. The selection medium was
changed every 5 days until colonies appeared. On day 14,
twenty colonies were selected, expanded and tested for
viral production by standard methods (Xu et al., Virology
171:331-341, 1989).- Briefly, supernatants were harveste~
from confluent culture dishes, passed through a .45 ~m
filter, diluted with DMEM with 10% FCS and utilized to
infect NIH 3T3 cells in the presence of 8 ~g/ml polybrene.
After 24 hours, the infected NIH 3T3 cells were grown in
culture medium that contained the neomycin analogue G418.
After 12-14 days, the colonies were stained, counted and
the viral titer calculated as described (Xu et ~1.,
Virology 171:331-341, 1989).
Colonies with the highest viral titers (>104
infectious units/ml) were tested for IL-2 expression by
Northern blot analyses. Colonies with the highest viral
titers and documented IL-2 expression were cryopreserved
and will be utilized as stock cultures to produce the LXSN-
RI-IL2 retroviral vector trial.
SUBSTITUTE S~ T
WO93/07~K 68 PCT/US92/08~
2121127 EXAMPLE IV
RETROVIRAL VECTOR CONSTRUCTION AND CYTOKINE EXPRESSION
To increase IL-2 production by transduced cell
lines, vectors were used containing different promoters to
drive IL-2 expression, and a human IL-2 cDNA was
directionally sub-cloned into the insulin secretory signal
peptide (17). The IL-2 cDNA was directionally sub-cloned
into the parental plasmids of the LXSN (LTR promoter) and
LNCX (CMV promoter) vectors (gifts of Dr. A.D. Miller)
(18). The newly constructed vectors (Figure 1), designated
as LXSN-IL2 and LNCX-IL2, were packaged in the PA317 cell
line for production of retroviral supernatant. As a
control, the high level expressing, double copy vector
DC/TKIL-2 vector (thymidine kinase promoter) (a gift of Dr.
E. Gilboa) was used for comparison.
These vectors were u~ed to transduce a number of
murine and human, primary and established cell lines.
Pools of transduced cells were selected and expanded in
DMEM medium, containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and
400 ~g/ml of active G-418, a neomycin analogue. The
results of expression studies in the MCR9 and Balb/c 3T3
cell lines are presented in Table 7.
,,,
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W093/07~K PCT/US92/08999
"`` 69
` 2121127
Table 7
Comparison of IL-2 expre~sion by fibroblasts
transduced with different IL-2 vector~.
na IL-2 Units IL-2
Fibroblast Vector per 106 cell5 per day
Murine LNCX (Control) 0.4 50% <1
LNCX-IL2 33.7 +11~ ~7
LXSN-IL2 6.6 + 6% 13
DC/TKIL-2 1.9 + 5% 4
Human LXSN (Control) 0.7 _29%
LNCX-IL2 159.5 ~17~ 319
LXSN-IL2 25.5 ~15~ 51
DC/~KIL-2 3.0 +10% 6
~,:
SUR.STITUTE SHEET
,~
WO93/07~K 70 PCT/US92/~
2121127
EXAMPLE V
FIBROBLAST CULTURE AND CONDITIONS FOR RETROVIRAL
TRANSDUCTION
The culture conditions for the growth of primary
fibroblasts retroviral transduction were optimized.
Primary fibroblasts were successfully cultured. The
optim~l conditions enable the growth of approximately 3-4
x 106 primary fibroblasts from a 12 mm2 skin biopsy in
approximately 4-6 weeks. Retroviral infection, G418
selection, and expansion of the genetically modified
fibroblasts takes an additional 4-6 weeks.
Exploring the conditions for genetic modification
of primary fibroblasts suggests that optimal transduction
may be obtained by the followin~ procedure: The fibroblasts
lS are~ynchronized in Gl phase by serum starvation, followed
-~ by stLmulation with medium containing 15% fetal bovine
;
serum 15 hours prior to tran~duction. The cells are then
subjected to 2 cycles of retrovirus infection, each cycle
}a~ting approximately 3 hours. The cells are refed with
~`~ 20 fresh media overnight, and then selection in G418 is
~,
initiated the next day. This method is capable of
transducing 5-15~ of the fibroblasts in a cult~re,
depending on the multiplicity of infection.
This procedure was used to transduce a large
number of primary and established fibroblasts. As an
-example, Table 8 compares the expression levels of IL-2 in
fibroblast lines transduced with LXSN-IL2.
, "
SU8STITUTE S.~EET
,-, ,
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, . . .
WOg3/07~K PCT/USg2/08~
7l 2121127
Table 8
Expre~sion of IL-2 by fibroblast~ transduced with LXSN-IL2.
_
5 Fibroblast ng IL-2 Units IL-2
Line Species Origin per 106 cells per day
-
Balb/c 3T3 Murine Transformed 6.6 + 6% 13
MCR9 Human Embryonic 25.5 +15% 51
10N~DF 313 Human Skin 25.0 +10% 50
GTl Human Skin 15.0 + 5% 30
. .
. . .
These results indicate that the IL-2 expression
levels in established, embryonic, and primary fibroblast
cultures are similar. Comparison of these data with Table
7 ~uggest that IL-2 expression is affected moxe by factors
u:ch~ as different promoter~ than by the fibroblast line
~` used. ~Similarly, changes in culture conditions can have
important effects on IL-2 expre~sion. Table 9 shows that
transduced GT1 cells, a primary human fibroblast culture
expressed 15-fold more IL-2 under 100 ~g/ml G418 selection
thaD under 25 ~g/ml G418 selection. Several other primary
~- fibroblast lines have also been transduced with our vectors
and are currently growing under G418 selection.
'~:
SUBSTITI IT~ SHEET
"
,.-.
WO93/07~K PCT/US92/08~9
72 `.
21~1~ 2 7 Table 9
Effect of G418 concentration on IL-2 expre~sion by GT1
cells transduced with LXSN-IL2.
.
Selection do~e ng IL-2 secreted
of G418 per 106 cells per day-
_
25 yg/ml 1.O +10
50 ~g/ml 3.0 +6~
100 ~g/ml 15.0 ~5%
~After three weeks of G418 selection.
EXAMPLE VI
COMPARISON OF IL-2 EXPRESSION LEVELS I~DUCED
PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES AND
GENETICALLY MODIFIED FIBROBLASTS
In order to compare the production of IL-2 by
genetically modified fibrobla&ts to that achieved ~y
sti~ulating normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes
(nPBL) n vitro, nPBL were isolated by Ficol-Paque density
centrifugation, and cultured in the presence of allogeneic
nPBL (mixed lymphocyte culture, MLC) or 2 ~M calcium
ionophore (CI) (A23187) fxee acid) plus 17 nM phorbol 12-
myristate 13-acetate (PMA). ~he results of this
experiment, present in Table 10, indicate that the level of
IL-2 expression in the PMA/CI stimulated normal T cell
population was 2 ng/106 cells/24 hours. This i5 equivalent
to IL-2 expression by Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts transduced
with DC/TKI~-2 (Table 7), our least productive vector. The
level of IL-2 expression in the MLC was 130 pg/106 cells/24
hours. This was lower than the PMA/CI stimulated culture,
; presumably because PMA/CI induced a nonspecific response
SU~STITUTE SHEET
I
WO93/07~K PCT/US92/~
73 2121127
while MLC resulted in specific Th stimulation. When the
estimated percentage of antigen-specific Th in the MLC-
stimulated population is taken into consideration, the
level of IL-2 expres~ion per stimulated T cell becomes
equivalent for both methods.
Table 10
Levels of IL-2 secretion by different cells.
pg IL-2 secreted
Cells per 106 cells per day
Lymphocytes:
Control (non-activated) 5 + 50~
PMA + Calcium Ionophore 2,000 ~ 6%
Mixed lymphocyte culture 130 +90%
Transduced fibroblasts:
MCR9-LXSN-IL2 24,000 ~5%
MCR9-LNCX-IL2 162,000 +20%
NCR9-DC/TKIL-2 10,000 ~6%
~ ' .
EXAMPLE VII
:~ ~FIBROBI~ST MEDIATED CYTOKINE GENE TRERAPY
:IN MURINE TUMOR MODELS
Two experLmental protocols were used to study the
efficacy of fibroblast-mediated cytokine gene therapy on
induction of anti-tumor immunity. The first protocol was
designed to test the effects of genetically modified
~-fibroblasts on tumor implantation, while the second
,
protocol was designed to induce a systemic anti-tumor
immunity. The results of each experiment are presented
with two figures and one table. In the first figure, the
rate of tumor growth for each treatment group is presented
1,:
, .
~ SUBSTITUTE SHEET
.~: ~
- ~
WO93/07~K 74 PCT/USg2/08~
~121127 ~
as the mean tumor ~ize in the group over time. In the
second figure, a Kaplan-Meier curve presents the time of
tumor onset for the individual animals in each treatment
group. The number of animals, the number and percentage of
tumor free animals, and the tumor size distribution
patterns for each experiment are presented in a table.
EXAMPLE VII La)
EFFECT OF FIBROBLAST MEDIATED CYTOKINE GENE
THERAPY ON TUMOR IMPLANTATION
10 Mice were injected subcutaneously with mixtures
of 5 x 10~ CT26 cells and 2 x 106 fibroblasts genetically
modified by different retroviral vectors to express IL-2.
In the control arms injected with tumor cells only, or with
tumor cells mixed with unmodified fibroblast~, 31 of 33
anima~ls (94%, d-velop-d tumors by 4 week~ (Figures 6 and 7,
Table 9~). In contrast, 22 out of the 34 animals (65%)
receiving fibroblast mediated cytokine gene therapy were
tu~or free at 3 week~, and 5 animals (18~) remain tumor
free after 12 weeks. Those an;mals that received
; ,
-~ ~ 20 fibroblast mediated IL-2 therapy and developed tumor were
characterized by a delayed onset and rate of tumor growth.
, :.~
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WO 93/07906 PCl'~US92/08999
``` 7~
2121127
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W093/07~K 76 PCT/USg2/08~
2121127 `
After 3 weeks the mean tumor size (measured as
the product of the longest and widest tumor axes) in the
control group of mice was 128 mm2, compared to 68 and 7 mm2
in groups of mice injected with tumor cells mixed with
fibroblasts transduced with DC/~KIL-2 or LNCX-IL2,
respectively. This resulted in a highly significant
difference (corrected x2 s 18.69, p = 0.001) between the IL-
2 treated animals compared to the mice treated with CT26
alone or CT26 mixed with unmodified fibroblasts. After
four weeks the equivalent measurements were 373,300 and 72
mm2 (Table 11). It is notable that LNCX-IL2, the highest
expressing vector caused substantially greater inhibition
of tumorigenicity than the lower expressing vector DCtTKIL-
2. A multivariate non-parametric statistical procedure
(19,2~), utilized to evaluate differences in tumor growth,
demonstrated that after 4 weeks the differences between the
growth curves for the four groups presented in Figure 2
were highly significant (p < 0.001). Subseguent
colmparisons between the control arm and animals that
received tumor cells mixed with IL-2 transduced fibroblasts
rev aled a significant difference (P < O.OS). The
differences between the animals injected with tumor cells
alone, and those injected with tumor cells plus unmodified
fibroblasts were not significant, while the differences
between animals receiving low IL-2 expreæsing fibrob~ast,
and those receiving high IL-2 expressing fibroblasts was
significant (P = 0.05).
When mice were injected with 2 x 106 modified
fibroblasts mlxed with 1 x 105 live tumor cells the results
became more striking (see Figures 8 and 9, and Table 12).
All the control animals developed tumors after 4 weeks
whereas 33% and 27% of the animals treated with fibroblasts
modified with the DCTX-IL2 or LXSN-IL2 vectors
(respectively) remain tumor free after 7 weeks (the
experiment is ongoing). More dramatically, 75~ of the
animals treated with fibroblasts modified with the highest
:-,
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
W093/07~K PCT/US92/089g9
,................................ 77 212112~
: `.
IL-2 producing vector, ~NCX-IL2, remain tumor free after 7
weeks. These data clearly demonstrate the importance of an
initial high dose of IL-2 to prevent tumor e~tablishment.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
WO 93J07906 PCI`/US92/08999
2121I27 78 "<
.~ o~ 8 ~
~ V~ ~,o7 V~ ~ oo
_ _
.- ~ ~ o
P~ ~ ¦ R " ~ o
3~ ~ ~ ~ - ~
-- ~ ~ c E
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W093/07~K - 2 1 ~ 1 1 2 7 PCT/USg2/08~ ;
~.~.
79
As an additional control, mice were injected with
CT26 cells genetically modified to express IL-2 (results
not ~hown). Injection of up to 1 x 106 IL-2 expre~sing
tumor cells into ~alb/c mice failed to produce tumor6.
S Injection of higher numbers however, resulted in some
animals developing tumors with delayed onset. These data
confirm the results reported in the literature (1). In
order to compare the efficacy of IL-2 producing fibroblasts
to IL-2 producing tumor cells, we mixed 2 x 106 CT26 tumor
cells modified with the DCTK-IL2 vector with 1 x 105
unmodified tumor cells. Figures 10 and 11, and Table 13
show that DCTK-IL2 modified tumor cells are somewhat
effective in preventing tumor development. Four weeks
after injection, the mean tumor size for the treatment arm
is 303 mm2~ compared to 620 mm~ for the control arm. After
22 weeks, one animal (10%) remains tumor free, compared to
none in the control arms. Data for animals treated under
the ~ame conditions with DCTR-IL2 modified fibroblasts in
a ~eparate experiment are included for comparison purpo~es.
20 Thi~ compari~on ~uggests that DCTK-IL2 modified tumor cells
have an effect on tumor establishment si~ilar to that of
DCTK-IL2 modified fibroblasts.
! T,: J ~
WO 93/07906 PCI'/US92/08999
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WO93/07~KPCT/US92/08
81
2121127 ~
EXAMPLE VII~b~
EFFECT OF FIBROBLAST MEDIATE CYTOKINE GENE THERAPY
ON S~STEMIC ANTI-TUMOR IMMVNITY
Groups of Balb/c mice were Lmmunized with
2.5 x 105 irradiated tumor cells either alone or mixed with
2 x 106transduced or unmodified fibroblasts, and challenged
one week later with 5 x 10' live tumor cells in the opposite
flank. These results (Figures 12 and 13, and Table 14~
demonstrate that Lmmunization with irradiated t~mor cells
and transduced fibroblasts protect some animals against a
live tumor challenge, but that the protection is only
slightly better than that achieved by immunization with
irradiated tumor cells alone or irradiated tumor cells
mixed with unmodified fibroblasts.
SU~ T~)TE SHEET
WO 93/07906 - PCI`/US92/08999
21~?t~ 2
u ~ C ~i D 3 .
E
a S A o~
jE æ D O _ _ - E
-~ ; 3
3~ I æ a I¦ ~ ~
o~ ~ o ~ ~ '}
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WO93/07~K PCT/US92/08~ ~
83 2121127 -
In a second protocol similar to the one described
above, animals were challenged with fresh tumor cells two
weeks followinq immunization with irradiated tumor cells
mixed with fibroblasts. The results, shown in Figures 14
5 and 15, and in Table 15, demonstrate that DCTK-IL2 modified
fibroblasts mixed with irradiated tumor cells confers
superior protection to subgequent tumor challenge than
irradiated tumor cells alone, irradiated tumor cells mixed
with unmodified fibroblasts, or irradiated tumor cells
10 mixed with LNCX-modified fibroblasts. After 7 weeks, seven
of ten animals (70%) treated with DCTK-IL2 modified
fibroblasts remain tumor free compared to only one third of
the control animals. At four weeks, the mean tumor size of
~his group was 41 mm2, compared to 180, 170, and 140 mm2 for
15 the three control groups. Animals treated with LNCX-IL2
t modified fibroblasts were also protected against subsequent
tumor challenge, but the results were less striking. In
this group, 54~ of the anLmals remain tumor free and the
mean tumorisize for the group at four weeks was 86 mm2. The
20 number of tumor free animals in the group treated with
LXSN-IL2 modified fibroblasts was similar to the control
groups, although the tumors were slightly delayed in their
onset. A multivariate non-parametric statistiaal procedure
(19, 20), utilized to evaluate differences in tumor onset,
- 25 demonstrated that the differences for the six .arms
prssented in Figure 15 were significant (p = 0.012). It
further showed that the saline control arm and the arms
that received irradiated tumor cells alone or mixed with
unmodified or LNCX vector modified fibroblasts formed a
30 statistical group. A second, distinct statistical group
was formed by the three arms that received IL-2 vector
modified fibroblasts mixed with irradiated tumor cells.
Subsequent comparisons between the saline injected control
arm and animals that received tumor cells mixed with IL2
35 transduced fibroblasts revealed a significant difference
for all vectors (p < 0.05).
~lJs~~r!T~rll~E SHEET
~;
WO 93/07906 PCI`/US92/08999
84 : :
2121127 _ ' "
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2 6 ~ ~ ~ ~oO ~ ~ ~ v~
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o ~ ~ o~ 1~ o ~o _ _
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E ~ --o -- ~ ~ o
-5 ;'` "' 8
~ 8 E~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o ~ o
~ 8
~A ~ 00 0 ~ 3 ~
_~ :~ .. ~ ~
o ~ ¦ r~ o ~ ~ o ¦ 8 ~
a . ~ z
L ~ ~ A ¦ ~` ~C 00 ~ ¦ L O
o~ ~ ~ :1 ._
D r ~ 00 0~O O ~ ~ O _ ~
~, ~ ~0
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3 ~ i 3 3 3 3 ~
SO&.;~ EtT~ SHEET
WOg3/07~K PCT/US92/08~ ~
2121127
These results demonstrate the feasibility of
using genetically modified fibroblasts as a means of
delivering cytokine gene therapy. In all experiments, the
LNCX-L2 vector proved superior in preventing tumor
establishment while the DCTK-IL2 vector was better in the
induction of fiystemic protection against subsequent tumor
challenges. These contrasting effects, although somewhat
surprising, can be explained by the observation that the
CMV promoter is turned off in vivo five days after
L~plantation while the TK promoter remains active for a
longer period of time. The implication of this finding is
that to apply this method of gene therapy successfully we
have to use promoters that result in high level, sustained
expression of IL-2 in vivo in the transduced fibroblasts.
The data obtained from this research effort has
important implications for all cytokines that have either
direct or indirect anti-tumor effect:. Furthermore, this
data ~uggests that anti-tumor efficacy is IL-2 dose
dependent. Hence, construction of vectors which result in
higher levels of cytokine secretion will be a significant
advance toward the application of this method of gene
therapy.
Reference numbers in parenthesis in the above
examples correspond to the following list of references and
are incorporated herein by reference.
W093/07906 - 86 PCT/US92/089~
2121~2~
References
1. Gabrilove, J.L. et al., Monogr. J. Natl. Cancer
Inst. 10:73-7 (1990).
5 2. Kelso, A., Current Opinion in Immunology, 2:215-
25 (1989).
3. Borden, E.C. et al., Cancer, 65:800-14 (1990).
4. Rosenberg, S.A. et al., Ann. Intern. Med.,
lQ8:853-864 (1988).
10 5. Lotze, M.T. et al., JAMAI 256:3117-3124 (1986).
6. Pizza, G. et al., L~mphokine Research, 7:45-8
(1988~. :
7. Sar~a, G. et al., Journal of Biological Response ~
Modifiers, 9:81-6 (1990)~ ..
15 8. Gandolfi, L. et al., Hepato-Gastroenterology,
36:352-6 (1989).
9. Bubenik, J. et al., Immunol. Letters, 19 2?9 82
(1988).
10. Bubenik et al., Immunol. Letters; 23:287-292
(lg90).
11. Fearon, E.R. et al., Cell, 60:387-403 ~1990).
12. Gan~bacher, B. et al., J. Exp. Med., 172:1217-
1224 (1990).
13. Watanabe, Y. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.,
86:9456-9460 (1989).
SUBSTIT~ S~E~T
WOg3/07~K 2 1 2 1 1 2 7 PCT/US92/08 ffl -
87
14. Tepper, R.I. et al., Cell, 57:503-512 ~1989~.
15. Kriegler, M., Gene Transfer and Expression: A
Laboratory Manual, Stockton Press (1990).
16. Rosenberg, S.A. et al., N. Eng. J. Med., 370
(1990).
17. Cornetta, K. et al., Prog. Nucl. Acid Res. Mol.
Biol., 36:311-22 (1989).
18. ~oover, H.C. et al., Cancer Res., 44:1671-76 ~`
(1984).
19. Sobol et al. New Eng. J. Med. 316:1111-1117
(1987).
20. Li Xu, et al., Virology, 171:331-341 (1989).
su Bsr~ T
..
WO93/07~K 88 PCT/US92/08~
t ~ 127 Although the invention has been described with
reference to the presently-preferred embodiment, it should
be understood that various modifications can be made
without departing from the spirit of the invention.
S Accordingly, the invention is limited only by the following
claims.
-.
t ~
