Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is related to my copending United States
Patent Application Serial No. .... ..., filed ...... ., entitled
"Mobile Machine Containing Displaceably Mounted Power Unit Or
Power Unit Components", United States Patent Application
Serial No. ........ , filed ....... , entitled "Mobile Material
Processing Machine With Tandem Axle", United States Patent
Application Serial No. ........... , filed ......... , entitled
"Conveying System For Mobile Processing Machine", and United
States Patent Application Serial No. ......... , filed ....... ,
and entitled "Control System For Operating A Comminuting
Machine".
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a new and improved
construction of a comminuting machine.
In its more particular aspects, the present invention
relates to a new and improved construction of a comminuting
machine generally including an infeed hopper and comminuting
means arranged below the infeed hopper.
It is known in the art to employ two cooperating
disintegrating shafts in such comminuting machine and provide
the disintegrating shafts with cutting discs which are axially
spaced from each other and which have, for example, three
cutting members protruding from their circumference. During
rotation of the disintegrating ~hafts, the cutting members of
the shafts act upon the material infed into the infeed hopper
and cut the same into pieces.
It has been found that the disintegrating effect on the
infed material is insufficient when the disintegration shafts
are provided with such known cutting discs.
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SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Therefore, with the foregoing in mind, it is a primary
object of the present invention to provide a new and improved
construction of a comminuting machine which is not afflicted
with the drawbacks and limitations of the prior art
constructions heretofore discussed.
Another and more specific object of the present invention
is directed to a new and improved construction of a
comminuting machine having improved comminuting efficiency.
It is an important object of the present invention to
provide a new and improved construction of a comminuting
machine which contains disintegrating members increasing the
comminuting efficiency.
A further significant object of the present resides in
providing a new and improved construction of a comminuting
machine which has improved infeed means for infeeding the
material to be comminuted to the comminuting means.
Now, in order to implement these and still further
ob~ects of the invention, which will become more apparent as
the description proceeds, the comminuting machine of the
present development is manifested by the features that, among
other things, each disintegrating member at the disintegration
shafts forms in circumferential sequence at least one
lacerating or cutting member and a sequence of bulging members
which perform a crushing and/or cutting action. In this
construction, the di8integrating members facing each other at
the two cooperating di8integrating shafts assume a
relationship such that a piece of infed material which is
broken off by the lacerating or cutting member, subsequently
is crushed and/or cut between the cooperating bulging members
and thereby very effectively comminuted into comparatively
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small pieces which pass through between the disintegrating
discs.
Advantageously, at least one pressing body of
substantially cylindrical sector shape is disposed in a
respective side wall of the infeed hopper and connected to
actuator means for pivoting the pressing body into an
operative position in which a pressing plate of the pressing
body urges the infed material toward the disintegration
shafts.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be better understood and objects other
than those set forth above will become apparent when
consideration is given to the following detailed description
thereof. Such description makes references to the annexed
drawings wherein the same or analogous components are
designated by the same reference characters and wherein:
Figure 1 i8 a ~ide view of an exemplary embodiment of the
inventive comminuting machine;
Figure 2 is a partially sectional rear view of the
comminuting machine as shown in Figure 1;
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Figure 3 i8 a side view illustrating the cooperation
between disintegrating di~cs mounted at cooperating
disintegration shafts of the comminuting machine as shown in
Figure 1;
Figure 4 is a detailed rear view of a fir~t conveyor in
the comminuting machine as shown in Figure 2;
Figure 5 is a view into an open side of a pressing body
used in the comminuting machine as shown in Figure 1;
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Figure 6 is a front view of the pressing body as shown in
Figure 5;
Figure 7 is a view of a link connection provided between
conveyor sections of a second conveyor in the comminuting
machine as shown in Figure 1; and
Figure 8 is a schematic top plan view of the comminuting
machine as shown in Figure 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Describing now the drawings, it is to be understood that
only enough of the construction of the comminuting machine has
been shown as needed for those skilled in the art the readily
understand the underlying principles and concepts of the
present d~velopment while simplifying the showing of the
drawing. While the illustrated exemplary embodiment is
concerned with a mobile comminuting machine including a wheel-
supported chassis, it will be understood that the inventive
construction is not limited to mobile comminuting machines but
can also be realized in stationary comminuting machines.
Turning attention now to Figure 1, there has been shown a
side view of an exemplary embodiment of the inventive
comminuting machine which is mounted at a wheel-supported
chassis 10. The chassis 10 defines a front end 11 which is
provided with coupling means 13 of conventional construction
for connection to a towing vehicle like a tractor or truck,
and a rear end 14 of the comminuting machine. During operation
of the comminuting machine, the front end 11 of the chas~is 10
is supported on ground by means of a standard 8 which is
removed for travel of the comminuting machine between
different working locations. For wheel support, a rear half of
the chassis 10 is connected to a tandem axle carriage 12,
preferably in a lengthwisely adjustable manner of the type as
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described in the second initially cross-referenced United
States patent application the disclosure of which is herein
incorporated by reference.
The front end 11 of the chassis 10 carries a power unit 1
for driving the comminuting machine above the tandem axle
carriage 12. The power unit 1 is of conventional construction
and will be described further hereinbelow with reference to
Figure 8.
The actual comminuting means 15 is secured to a support
frame 16 which is mounted at the chassis 10. As will be
evident from Figure 2, which is a partially sectional view of
the comminuting machine from its rear end 14, the comminuting
means 15 encompasses two disintegration shafts 17 and 19 which
cooperate by defining respective overlapping cylindrical areas
18 and 20 of action. The disintegration shafts 17,19 are
driven by respective pressure fluid operated drive motors 21
and 22 which are drivingly connected to the aforementioned
power unit 1. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the
pressure fluid operated drive motors 21 and 22 are coupled to
opposite ends of the respective disintegration shafts 17,19,
however, in a preferred embodiment, the pressure fluid
operated drive motors 21 and 22 are arranged in juxtaposition
and coupled to respective front ends of the disintegration
shafts 17,19.
The comminuting means 15 specifically comprise a plural
number of disintegrating discs 23 exchangeably mounted at each
one of the disintegration shafts 17 and 19. The disintegrating
discs 23 are substantially identically constructed and,
therefore, it will be sufficient to describe only one of the
disintegrating discs 23 shown in Figure 3. The disintegrating
disc 23 has as its base a wear resistant, high strength metal
disc which defines an aperture 24 of a contour corresponding
to that of the disintegration shaft for receiving the
respective disintegration shaft 17 or 19, as the case may be,
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and a circumference 25. Protruding from the circumference 25
is a circumferential sequence of a multitude of disintegrating
members, namely at least one lacerating member 27 and a plural
number of protruding rounded bulges 26 in a sequence which
extends along a predetermined part of the circumference 25,
preferably in the range of one half to three quarters, i.e. in
the range of 180 to 270 degrees of the circumference 25. In
the illustrated exemplary embodiment, a single lacerating
member 27 is disposed between the ends of the bulge sequence,
preferably, as illustrated, close to one end of the sequence
of bulges 26. The lacerating member 27 has a base 28 which is
securely affixed such as by welding to the circumference 25,
and has a generally arcuate shape which protrudes fxom the
circumference 25 and ends in a sharp lacerating edge 29 from
which the lacerating member 27 recedes toward the
circumference 25 and defines a recess 30.
Each disintegrating ~haft 17,19 i9 provided with a plural
number of such disintegrating discs 23 which are exchangeably
mounted thereat at a predetermined spacing by means of spacer
rings (not shown) between adjacent pairs of disintegrating
discs 23. The spacer rings are of substantially circular shape
and have a smaller diameter than the disintegrating discs 23
such that the spacer rings do not interfere with the
cooperation between the disintegrating discs 23 of the
ad~acent disintegration shafts 17,19. The thickness of the
spacer rings which determines the number of disintegrating
discs 23 mounted at the disintegration shafts 17,19, is
dependent upon the type of material to be comminuted. For
example, for comminuting wood material the spacer rings may
have a thickness which is greater than that used in the case
of pla8tic material. In the latter case, the disintegrating
disc~ 23 are mounted with les~ space therebetween and the
laterally overlapping lacerating members 27 and rounded bulge~
26 of the adjacent disintegrating shafts 17,19 perform more of
a cutting action.
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The plural number of disintegrating discs 23 is mounted
at the respective disintegration shafts 17,19 in a manner such
that the lacerating members 27 are circumferentially offset
from each other by by a predetermined angle, preferably by 30
degrees. As indicated in Figure 3, the disintegrating discs 23
are mounted at the adjacent disintegration shafts 17 and 19 in
a manner such that the disintegrating discs 23 on one of the
two shafts have a staggered relationship to the disintegrating
discs 23 mounted at the respective other one of the two
disintegrating shafts. In other words, the disintegrating
discs 23 mounted at one of the two shafts are aligned to the
spacer rings at the other one of the two shafts. This ensures
that the lacerating members 27 and the rounded bulges 26 do
not interfere with each other during rotation of the
disintegration shafts 17 and 19 but are arranged at a partial
lateral overlap of the type which is indicated in Figure 3 and
which re~ults in a further comminuting action.
The disintegrating discs 23 and the spacer rings are
exchangeably mounted at the disintegration shafts 17 and 19 in
conventional manner by placing the same in alternating manner
from one end onto the disintegration shafts which are
supported in position at the comminuting machine. After
placement of the disintegrating discs 23 and spacer rings, a
conventional shaft nut is threaded onto the free ends of the
disintegration shafts 17 and 19 whereby the disintegrating
discs and spacer rings are tightened together. The exact
alignment on the disintegration shafts 17,19 is favorably
affected by a polygonal, preferably hexagonal cross-section of
these shafts and the apertura 24 of the disintegrating discs
23.
During operation of the comminuting machine, the
lacerating members 27 act upon coarse infed material or larger
pieces thereof to comminute the infed material by breaking off
pieces therefrom and thereby whittling the same down to
smaller size. The rounded bulges 26 actually fulfill two main
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functions: (i) firstly, by acting upon the infed material
during rotation of the disintegration shafts 17,19, such
material is forced toward the nip which is defined by the two
disintegrating shafts 17,19. Thus, the infed material is very
effectively prevented from bouncing off the surface formed by
the substantially cylindrical areas 18 and 20 of action
defined by the disintegrating discs 23. (ii) Secondly, and due
to the partial lateral overlap between axially adjacent ones
of the rounded bulges 26, the infed material and particularly
the smaller pieces thereof and/or the smaller pieces present
as a result of the lacerating action of the lacerating members
27, are forced into the aforementioned nip and become crushed
or cut between the cooperating axially adjacent rounded bulges
26. This results in a highly effective further comminuting
process and, at the same time, assists in forcing the infed
material through the comminuting means 15.
Further supported at the support frame 16 is an infeed
hopper 31 which has a front wall 32, a rear wall 33 and two
opposite side walls 34 and 35. All of the aforenoted walls
extend at a non-vertical inclination toward the comminuting
means 15.
A first conveyor 36 is disposed below the comminuting
means 14 and extends in the lengthwise direction of the
chassis 10. The first conveyor 36 is constructed substantially
in the manner of a conventional band or belt conveyor of which
the conveying band or belt 37 and a deflection roll 38 are
schematically indicated in Figure 2. ~oth ends of the
deflection roll 38 are journalled in bearings 39. A drive roll
~not shown) is placed at the other end of the first conveyor
and drivingly connected to, ~or example, a pressure fluid
operated drive motor which may be constructed as a
conventional flange motor and which is not shown in the
drawing for reasons of clarity. The drive motor is drivingly
connected to the aforementioned power unit 1. The first
conveyor 36 receives comminuted material which has passed
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through the comminuting means 15, and conveys the
throughpassed material to a second or rear conveyor 59 to be
described further hereinbelow.
Instead of the the construction as a band or belt
conveyor, the first conveyor 36 may also be constructed in the
manner of a conventional scraper conveyor. Such scraper
conveyor receives the comminuted material and comprises a
plate extending the conveying length. A chain drive contains
two chains extending along opposite lateral sides of ~he plate
and carrying transverse ledges which extend across the plate
and scrape the comminuted material along the plate during
operation of the chain drive.
The first conveyor 36 is mounted at the chassis 10 by
means of frame members 40 which extend alongside the first
conveyor 36 and which have an inverted U-shape. The frame
members 40 are secured to the support frame 16 on an underside
thereof. The frame members 40 accommodate suspension spring
assemblies one of which is schematically indicated by the
block 41 and which bear at respective tandem axles of the
tandem axial carriage 12 by means of respective support blocks
42. The rear axle of the tandem axle carriage 12 is shown in
broken lines in Figure 2 of the drawing.
As schematically illustrated in Figure 4, the first
conveyor 36 is part of an assembly including carriers 43 which
extend along both opposite lateral sides of the first conveyor
36. Each one of the carriers 43 is provided with a bent-off
carrier member 44 which is slidably held between retainer
members 45 and 46 which protrude toward the carrier member 44.
The lower retainer member 45 is formed by a guide rail affixed
to an inner leg 47 of the U-shaped frame member 40. The upper
retainer member 46 is in the form of a guide member mounted at
the support frame 16. The retainer member 46 also has a guide
surface 48 cooperating with a guide surface 49 at the carrier
43 in order to guide the comminuted material passing through
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the comminuting means 15 toward the first conveyor 36. The
rear ends of the bent-off carrier members 44 are affixed to
the support frame 16 by conventional securing means such as
respective bolts and linchpins (not shown). After releasing
the linchpins and withdrawing the bolts, the first conveyor 36
can be removed from the support frame 16 by rearwardly sliding
the same between the retainer members 45 and 46. Thereby, the
underside of the comminuting machine as well as the first
conveyor 36 become readily accessible for inspection and, if
need be, maintenance and repair. Also, the arrangement of the
first conveyor 36 below the support frame 16 is a space and
height saving arrangement.
In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the comminuting
machine further includes at least one pressing body which, if
required, can be pivoted to act upon infed material to be
comminutqd and urge the same into comminuting contact with the
disintegration shafts 17,19.
The pressing body 50 i9 pivotably mounted by means of a
pivot shaft 51 which, in turn, is pivotably mounted in slide
bearings 52 provided at the upper part of the support frame
16, ~ee Figure 1. Specifically, the rear slide bearing 52 has
a divided construction in which an upper part of the slide
bearing 52 can be removed, for example, by unscrewing a
fastening srew. After removal of this upper bearing part, the
entire pressing body 50 can be removed by sliding the same in
the rearward direction for release from the front slide
bearing 52 and by laterally removing the same from the support
frame 16. The associated side wall 35 of the infeed hopper 31
iq provided with an aperture 53 for receiving the pressing
body 50 in it~ inoperative or retracted po~ltion.
The pressing body 50 is constructed from a plural number
of reinforcing discs 54 which are firmly secured such as by
welding to the pivot shaft 51, see Figure 5. In the
illustrated exemplary embodiment, six such reinforcing discs
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53 are provided and have a substantially circular sector
shape. The reinforcing discs 54 are fixedly connected such as
by welding to a shell plate 55 substantially along their
entire circumference so that the pressing body 50 actually
assumes the shape of a hollow, substantially cylindrical
sector body. The entire side facing the comminuting means 15,
is covered by a cover or pressing plate 56 which is affixed
such as by welding to the respective edge of the shell plate
55, the edges of the reinforcing discs 54 and the pivot shaft
51. In this manner, there is formed the pressing body 50 which
is closed on the side facing the material to be comminuted and
which can be pressed thereupon.
The intermediate reinforcing discs 54 are pairwisely
arranged and provided with mounting means 57 for connection to
an actuator 5a as shown in Figure 2 and disposed between the
reinforcing discs 54 of the respective pair. The actuator 58
of the illustrated exemplary embodiment is constructed as a
conventional pressure fluid operated cylinder-piston unit
which is powered by means of the power unit 1. The cylinder is
linked to the support frame 16 whereas the piston is linked to
the mounting means 57 of the reinforcing discs 54.
Consequently, the pressing body 50 assumes an inoperative or
retracted position when the piston is retracted, and an
operative or pressing position when the piston is extended.
Power is stepwisely applied such that, at relatively low
power, the pivoting movement is carried out whereas, in the
operative position, relatively high power can be applied in
order to exert a pressing action on the infed material by
means of the pres~ing body 50. As will be apparent from Figure
5, the pressing body 50 is connccted to two actuator~ 58.
The pressing body 50 is constructed in adaptation to the
aperture 53 in the associated side wall 35 of the infeed
hopper 31. In particular, the pressing body 50 assumes an
inoperative or retracted position such that the pressing plate
56 extends in the plane of the side wall 35 and the aperture
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53 is substantially completely closed. It is thereby ensured
that all of the material infed into the infeed hopper 31 will
be directed to the comminuting means 15 and no parts or pieces
of the material are allowed to exit from the infeed hopper 31
other than through the comminuting means 15.
In the illustrated preferred embodiment, two
substantially identical pressing bodies 50, which are of
basically the same construction as described hereinbefore, are
placed in a mirror-image relationship in respective apertures
53 in the opposite side walls 34 and 35 of the infeed hopper
31. As explained hereinbefore, the pressing plates 56 are
flush with the respective side walls 34 and 35 in the
inoperative or retracted position of the pressing bodies 50.
In the operative position, the pressing plates 56 extend
across the comminuting means 15 close toward each other, as
illustrated in Figure 2 of the drawing by broken lines.
A second conveyor 59 constituting, for example, likewise
a band or belt conveyor, is mounted at the rear end 14 of the
comminuting machine, see Figure 1. The arrangement is such
that the second conveyor 59 cooperates with the first conveyor
36 for receiving comminuted material therefrom and further
conveying the same. The ~econd conveyor 59 includes a first
conveyor section 60 and a second conveyor section 61 which are
~nterconnected by a link or hinge connection 62 which is
illustrated in detail in Figure 7 in an expanded condition.
The first conveyor section 60 is provided with bushes 63
at the four corners or along top and bottom rims of its end 64
which i8 remote from the rear end 14 of the comminuting
machine. The bushes 63 protrude from this end 64. The second
conveyor section 61 has an end 65 facing the end 64 of the
first conveyor seCtion 60. This end 65 is provided with a
substantially circular disc 66 on one of its lateral sides and
a disc 67 of substantially semicircular shape on the opposite
lateral side. The discs 66 and 67 are provided with aligned
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throughbores 68. The ends 64,65 of the first and second
conveyor sections 60,61 are linked to each other by placing
the bushes 63 of the end 64 of the first conveyor section 60
in between the discs 66 and 67 of the end 65 of the second
conveyor section 61, particularly in a manner such that the
bushes 63 are aligned with the throughbores 68. Then,
conventional locking means such as, for example, bolts and
associated linchpins are employed to lock the first and second
conveyor sections 60,61 to each other. To this end, the bolts
are passed through the bushes 63 and the aligned throughbores
68 and locked by the linchpins. In this condition, the
mutually facing ends 64,65 of the first and second conveyor
sections 60,61 are locked to each other in a manner such that
the second conveyor section 61 extends substantially in
straight continuation of the first conveyor section 60. If the
linchpin is removed from the bolt which extends through the
upper bushes 63 and throughbores 68, and the bolt is also
removed, then, the two conveyor sections 60,61 remain linked
to each other merely by the bolt extending through the lower
bushes 63 and throughbores 68.
Furthermore, the second conveyor section 61 contains a
cable mount 69 from which a cable or rope 70 or the like
extends and is fixed to the rear end 14 of the comminuting
machine at a further cable mount 71. The cable or rope 70 is
guided along a guide surface provided at the circumference of
the circular disc 66. The cable or rope 70 exerts a pull on
the end 65 of the second conveyor section 61 so as to ensure,
in addition to the locked link connection 62, the
aforementioned position of this conveyor section 61 in
substantially straight continuation of the first conveyor
section.
The receiving end 73 of the second conveyor 59 is mounted
at the bottom of the rear end 14 of the comminuting machine.
To this end, a link 74 is linked to a link carrier 75 at the
rear end 14. Actuator means 76 includes a pressure fluid
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operated cylinder-piston unit. The cylinder of the actuator
means 76 is linked to a cylinder carrier 77 which is secured
to the bottom of the chassis 10. The piston of the actuator
means 76 is linked to the free end of the link 74. The purpose
of this arrangement is as follows:
During operation of the comminuting machine, the second
conveyor 59 assumes the operative or extended position which
is illustrated in Figure 1. In this position, the two conveyor
sections 60 and 61 follow each other and extend substantially
in straight continuation at an upward inclination from the
rear end 14 of the comminuting machine. It would be
undesirable to leave the second conveyor 59 in this operative,
extended position during travel of the comminuting machine
from one working location to another. Therefore, the second
conveyor 59 is constructed such that the conveyor sections 60
and 61 can be folded into an inoperative, folded position as
indicated by broken lines in Figure 1.
In order to place the second conveyor 59 into the
inoperative, folded condition, the upper bolt and linch pin of
are removed from the link connection 62. The second conveyor
section 61 i9, then, subject to the action of gravity but held
in position due to the tensioned cable 70. When, now, the
actuator means 76 i8 actuated by extending the piston and
thereby pivoting the link 74 upwardly toward the position as
shown by broken lines, the tension of the cable 70 is reduced
and the second conveyor section 61 is permitted to pivot in a
downward direction. During further extension of the piston and
the resultlng further pivoting movement, part of the cable 70
is "wound up" on the cable guide surface provided at the
clrcular di~c 66 and the second conveyor sectlon 61 is
permitted to pivot further downward while the fir~t conveyor
section 60 continues to be upwardly pivoted. At the end of the
movement, the two conveyor sections 60 and 61 of the second
conveyor 59 are located parallel to each other and the rear
end 14, i.e. depend substantially vertically in an arrangement
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in which the first conveyor section 60 extends upwardly and
the second conveyor section 61 extends downwardly. The
dimensions of the first and second conveyor sections 60,61 are
selected such that their extended length satisfies the
operating requirements while their folded condition satisfies
existing traffic regulations.
For returning the second conveyor 59 into the operating
condition, the aforenoted sequence of movements is reversed
which is effected by retracting the piston of the actuator
means 76.
According to the schematic top plan view of Figure 8, the
power unit 1 comprises a prime mover 78 like a diesel engine
or an electric motor, if the comminuting machine is
exclusively used in places where electric power is available,
and a pressure fluid main pump 79 like, for example, an axial
piston pump for powering the various pressure fluid operated
components of the comminuting machine. The pressure fluid main
pump 79 is coupled to the prime mover 78 by conventional
coupling means (not shown) capable of compensating for
rotational and axial offsets. A cooler 80 i9 pivotably
connected to the prime mover 79 by means of a hinge connection
81. More specifically, the power unit 1 preferably may be
constructed in the manner of the power unit as disclosed in
the first initially mentioned cross-referenced United States
Patent Application the disclosure of which is incorporated
herein by reference.
Furthermore, preferably two pressure fluid main pumps 79
of the same type, namely axial piston pumps, are drivingly
connected to respective drive motors 21 and 22 driving the
front ends of the respective disintegration shafts 17 and 19.
Also powered thereby are the other pressure fluid operated
drive motors which drive the first and second conveyors 36 and
59, and the actuator means 58 and 76 which respectively act
upon pressing bodies 50 and the second conveyor 59, present in
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the comminuting machine. This arrangement has the advantage
that the pressure fluid main pumps 79 as well as the pressure
fluid operated drive motors 21 and 22 can be arranged
conjointly in a readily accessible part of the comminuting
machine.
It should be noted that the two disintegration shafts 17
and 19 are independently driven and thus may rotate at
different rotational speeds. Also, in the case of an overload,
one or both of the two disintegration shafts 17,19 may even be
reversed so as to thereby clear the nip defined by the two
disintegration shafts 17,19 from infed material and subject
the same to further comminution upon return of the
disintegration shafts 17 and 19 to the original rotational
directions.
While there are shown and described present preferred
embodiments of the invention, it is to be distinctly
understood that the invention is not limited thereto, but may
be otherwise variously embodied and practiced within the scope
of the following claims. Accordingly,
