Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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COMBUSTION GAS BURNER UNIT FOR DISTILLATION
GASIFICATION COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT
This application is a divisional of Can~ n patent application number 2,076,651
5 entitled "DISTILLATION GASIFICATION COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT AND DRY
DISTILLATION GAS GENERATOR THEREFOR".
This invention relates to a combustion gas burner unit suitable for use in
combination with a dry ~ till~tion gas generator adapted for heating a solid fuel, e.g.,
a high molecular weight material such as rubber or plastic, etc., or tire, etc. to convert
o the solid fuel to a combustible gas by heat decomposition, the combination forming a dry
~i~till~tion gasification combustion equipment. Our copending application number2,076,651 discloses and claims such a dry ~ till~tion gasification combustion equipment
and a dry (li~till~tion gas generator for use therewith.
A solid fuel combustion equipment with an upward combustion system disclosed
in Japanese Laid Open Patent Application No. 231307/1984 has a combustion unit
provided on a fli~till~tion unit for collvellhlg a solid fuel to a tli~till~tion gas. A heat
exchange unit is provided at the upper part thereof to generate a ~ till~tion gas at the
lower part thereof and to burn this gas as it rises through the heat exchange unit. An air
supply means delivers a small quantity of air at the bottom portion of the distillation unit.
It is seen from the figure that an upward air-supply opening is bored at the bottom
portion thereof.
While it can be said that the above-described equipment is, in principle, a sortof dry cli~till~tion gasification combustion equipment, it is only a structure in which the
dry (ii~till~tion unit and the combustion unit are continuous in upper and lower directions
2 5 It is not a structure in which both units are clearly partitioned.
Referring to the dry distillation unit of this equipment, insufficient consideration
is given to gellel~lion efficiency of the dry distillation gas and to making the dry
tli~till~tion gasification process as clean as possible. Therefore, ellvilolllllental problems
such as the generation of soot and smoke or dust, or odor remain unsolved.
3 o The few air supply holes bored in the bottom of this unit tend to become choked
or clogged up with ashes from the combustion taking place therein. Consequently,unstable performance of the apparatus reduces the production efficiency of the dry
till~tion gas; or stoppage of production of the (li.ctill~tion occurs.
,~,
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- To continue operation, an operator must clean out the small air supply holes by
inserting a driver, or the like, into individual holes to scrape away ashes thelerrolll. This
is tedious work, and its necessity substantially reduces the effectiveness of the
equipment.
As stated above, the conventional equipment is unsatisfactory in its efficiency in
the production of dry ~i.ctill~tion gas, the generation of clean dry ~lictill~tion gas, and in
its performance stability. In addition, the difficulty in cle~ning and mahllellallce are
substantial drawbacks.
Further, the combustion unit of this prior-art unit burns dry distillation gas only
o within a broad combustion chamber wheleill dry tlictill~tion gas is mixed with air
together with soot and smoke or dust, etc. Accordingly, it is impossible to adjust
combustion to attain complete, clean, combustion.
A gasification fuel combustion equipment for burning gasified fuel obtained by
means such as dry ~ till~tion, etc. is disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No.
29365/1990. In this equipment, as in the equipment of the invention of this application,
the combustion equipment of the burner system is adapted for completely burning a fuel
once gasified by dry ~ till~tion or other means.
However, since this prior art equipment uses a rectification cylinder within a
cylindrical combustion chamber, thus to agitate and mix air blown off from small holes
with combustion gas, this equipment is satisfactory when use begins, but such holes
become clogged after a little use. Furthermore, the internal structure is complicated, and
its cleaning and/or mainle~ ce are very difficult.
An object of the present invention is to provide a combustion gas burner suitable
for use with a dry ~lictill~t~ gas generator according to our copending application number
2 5 2,076,65 l or with a conventional dry ~li.ctill~tion gasification combustion equipment that
provides complete stable combustion with a clean, ~llvirolllnentally acceptable exhaust.
Studies on the technical problems to be solved by the present invention are as
follows. Since the combustion burner unit is exposed to high temperature at all times,
it can become damaged, and permit bulllillg materials to be ejected, or to become
attached thereto. For this reason, frequent mailllellallce of this type of equipment is
expected. Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention employ a combustion
burner unit having a burner with a simple internal structure having few, if any, uneven
portions, so that cleaning is simplified.
~,,
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~ To resist the high temperatures of combustion, the cylindrical burner body of the
combustion burner unit of embodiments of the present invention is made of materials
having excellent heat resisting properties. In order to realize complete combustion, the
combustion burner unit provides excellent agitation and mixture of fuel with air to
5 improve the combustion speed and/or efficiency.
The technical problem of the dry (li~till~tion gas gellel~tol will now be described.
In order to burn and heat a solid fuel, e.g., high molecular weight material such as
rubber or plastic, or tires, etc., within a dry tli~till~tion gas generator, in order to
produce a dry ~ till~tion gasified fuel by thermal decomposition, the oxygen supply for
10 combustion must be controlled to a value low enough to allow a limited weak combustion
state to last for a long time, but high enough to burn a sufficient portion of the solid fuel
to thermally decompose the remainder. This requires the amount of combustion heat to
be sufficient to allow only a portion of solid fuel to burn weakly over a long time, while
the combustion heat decomposes the rem~in-ler of the solid fuel to a gaseous fuel.
However, it is a difficult technical problem to m~int~in and control the dry
till~tion conditions through control of the combustion heating system to gellela~e a
stable supply of clean combustible gas from a solid fuel such as tires. In the prior art,
satisfactory combustible gas was not achievable.
In actual terms, it is first pointed out that controlling the air supply to m~int~in
2 o (li~till~tion conditions in which combustion and heating are well-b~l~n~e~l is technically
difficult.
Secondly, it is difficult to deliver air in a gentle even lllallller to reduce expulsion
of soot and dust such as carbon, etc. and thereby produce clean combustible gas in a
stable manner.
Thirdly, many solid fuels such as, for example, tires, contain ~ ulilies which,
when burned and heated, produce byproduct illl~ulilies such as tar, carbon, wire, spike
tire pins or sand. These byproduct illllJuliLies can melt together to produce solid waste,
be reduced to ashes, or otherwise result in unburned residual material. Such residual
material can clog air blowoff openings. Such clogging destabilizes the supply of air, thus
m~king it difficult to m~int~in stable combustion in which the conditions for dry
till~tion are satisfied.
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Fourthly, it is difficult to find an easy way to elimin~te residual illl~uliLies within
a dry ~ till~tion gas gellel~tol to simplify cleaning thereof, thus to plevellL lowering of
the distillation gas gelleration long-term efficiency.
The invention of copending application number 2,076,651 contemplates solving
5 the technical problems as described above.
The technical problem concerning the dry ~ till~tion gasification combustion
equipment will be now described.
In recent dry ~ till~tion g~ifi~tion combustion equipment, the key problems are
how to stably produce clean combustible gas from a solid fuel in the dry (li~till~tion gas
10 generator and how to burn the combustible gas in the combustion gas burner unit.
However, there is the problem that, while a double combustion system may be employed
merely to burn a solid fuel primarily within a dry distillation gas generator to generate
dry ~ till~tion gas and secondarily to burn it at the combustion unit, thereby to burn it
with an efficiency as high as possible, such a system cannot cope with the recent
15 environmental problem such as soot and smoke or dust, or odor, etc.
The inventor of copending application number 2,076,651 contemplates a dry
~li.ctill~tion gas generator for gellel~lhlg dry ~i~till~tion gas and a combustion gas burner
unit for completely burning gasified fuel which are completely partitioned or divided,
thus to improve respective functions thereof as far as possible. Especially, the inventor
2 o has drawn attention to the fact that, in order to burn a solid fuel completely enough to
prevent the production of soot, smoke or odor, etc., the dry distillation gas must be as
clean as possible, with a predetermined quantity of the dry ~ till~tion gas produced in
a stable state at all times. With the above in view, the inventor has advantageously
adopted a scheme to improve first the portions of the dry tli.~till~tion gas generator and
25 the air supply means, and to provide an illll~ufi~y separation tank in the middle of a gas
conduit interconnPcting the dry (li~till~tion gas generator and the combustion gas burner
unit to improve cle~nlinP-s~ of dry cli~till~tion gas delivered into the combustion gas
burner unit.
There is disclosed and claimed in copending application number 2,076,651 a dry
3 o ~i.ctill~tion gasification combustion equipment comprising:
a dry ~ till~tion gas generator;
said dry ~ till~tion gas gellelatol including a tank furnace;
an air chamber in a bottom of said tank furnace;
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an air blowoff section co,,,~ ir~ting from said air chamber to a bottom portion
of said tank furnace;
said air blowoff section including an air vent recessed portion bored in a bottom
surface of said tank furnace,
an air duct allowing for pc, Illill i"g air from said air chamber to pass to a center
of said air vent recessed portion;
an air dispersion cap fitted into an opening of said air duct;
an upper surface of said air dispersion cap forming a portion of a bottom surface
of said tank furnace;
a blowoff opening about a cil.;ulllfercl~ce of said air dispersion cap;
said blowoff opening supplying air from said air duct in a decelerated and
dispersed state substantially uniformly into the tank furnace from said circumference of
said blowoff opening;
said air softly and evenly spreading over the entire bottom surface of said tankfurnace;
a fuel door in said tank furnace, effective for pe~ " ~ g entry of a dry fuel into
said tank furnace;
said fuel door being openable and closeable;
a dry ~i~till~tion gas outlet from said tank furnace;
2 o a combustion gas burner unit;
a gas conduit con/1-~cting dry ~i~till~tion gas from said dry (li~till~tion gas outlet
to said combustion gas burner unit;
said combustion gas burner unit including a burner body;
a combustion chamber in said combustion gas burner unit receiving gas from said
gas conduit;
said combustion chamber including a preheat burner section for igniting a pilot
at a position close to an u~sllcalll end of said combustion chamber;
an air storage layer ~ulloulldhlg an outer cilculllfelclllial surface of an
inter~n~ te portion of said combustion chamber;
3 o a first air supply section skewed an angle for injecting air rotating in a spiral from
the outside through a side wall of said combustion chamber;
a second air supply section skewed at an angle for injecting air in a spiral from
said air storage layer through said side wall;
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said air injected by said second air supply section being preheated in said air
storage layer and injected in said combustion chamber at a position dowl~llcalll of the
injection of air by said first air supply section; and
an hll~ulily separation tank in said gas conduit at a position intermediate said tank
furnace and said combustion gas burner unit for sepal~ g hll~ul;Lies from said dry
distillation gas before applying it to said combustion gas burner unit.
There is further disclosed and claimed in the copending application a dry
till~tion g~ifi~tion combustion equipment colllplisillg:
a tank furnace;
o means for entering a solid fuel in said tank furnace;
a cooling layer about a substantial portion of said tank furnace;
a bottom of said tank furnace including a triple layer structure including first,
second and third layers;
said first layer including a heat resisting material;
said second layer including a cooling layer;
said third layer including an air chamber;
a plurality of air blowoff portions in said bottom;
each of said air blowoff portions an air vent recessed portion bored in said first
layer and an air duct collullunicating air from said air chamber to said air vent recessed
2 o portion;
an air dispersion cap fitted into each air duct;
an upper surface of each air dispersion cap forming a portion of said first layer;
means for pe~lliL~ g air to pass said air dispersion cap substantially ullirolmly
in a decelerated and dispersed state in a lateral direction into the tank furnace from a
blowoff opening on a circumference of each air dispersion cap toward the lateraldirection, the supplied air softly and evenly spreading over the entire bottom surface
along the air vent recessed portion around the air dispersion cap;
a combustion gas burner unit;
said combustion gas burner unit including a burner body;
3 o a gas conduit section comleclillg dry ~i~till~te fuel gas from said tank furnace to
said combustion gas burner;
said burner body including a combustion chamber;
a preheat burner section at an U~Sl~ end of said combustion chamber;
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a pilot in said preheat burner for i~niting said dry rli~till~te gas;
an air storage layer surrounding a substantial cil-;ulllfelclllial portion of said;
a first air supply section opening from the outside through a side wall of said
burner body at an angle rotated in a spiral;
a second air supply section opening from said air supply layer through said sidewall at an angle rotated in a spiral;
said first air supply section entering said burner body at a position upstream of
a position where said second air supply section enters said burner body;
air in said air supply layer being preheated before being injected into said burner
lo body; and
an illl~uliLy separation tank at an intermediate position in said gas conduit for
removing imL,ulilies from said dry distillation gas.
There is yet further disclosed and claimed in the copending application a dry
~listill~tion gas generator colllplising:
a tank furnace;
a combustion chamber in said tank furnace;
means for entering a fuel into said combustion chamber;
a dry ~li.ctill~tion gas outlet from said combustion chamber;
an air chamber below a bottom of said combustion chamber;
an air blow-off section co~ ir~ting air from said air chamber to a bottom
portion of said tank furnace;
said air blowoff section including at least one air vent recessed portion bored in
a bottom surface of said combustion chamber;
an air duct colllllllll~ ting air from said air chamber to said at least one air vent
2 5 recessed portion;
an air dispersion cap fitted into said air duct;
an upper surface of said air dispersion cap forming a portion of said bottom
surface;
a blowoff opening about a chculllrelcllce of said air dispersion cap;
3 o said blowoff opening supplying air radially thelcrlolll substantially uniformly in
a decelerated and dispersed state into said tank furnace, the supplied air softly and evenly
spreading over said bottom surface.
A
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~ There is still further disclosed and claimed in the copending application a dry
till~tion gas generator comprising:
a tank furnace;
a fuel door in said tank furnace adapted to being opened and closed;
a dry ~ till~tion gas outlet from said tank furnace;
a cooling layer surrounding a substantial portion of an outer chculllfelclllial
surface of the tank furnace;
a bottom portion of said tank furnace including f1rst, second and third layers;
said first layer being a heat resisting material;
said second layer being a cooling layer below said first layer;
said third layer being an air chamber below said cooling layer;
a plurality of air blowoff portions in said bottom portion;
each air blowoff portion including an air vent recessed portion bored in said first
layer;
an air duct co~ nicating air from said air chamber to said air vent recessed
portion;
an air dispersion cap being fitted into said air duct;
an upper surface of said air dispersion cap forming a portion of said a bottom
surface of said tank furnace;
2 o means for permhting air entering said tank furnace to be supplied radially from
said air dispersion cap and to enter said tank furnace substantially uniformly in a
decelerated and dispersed state and to softly and evenly spread over the entire bottom
surface along the air vent recessed portion around the air dispersion cap.
Yet further, there is disclosed and claimed in such copending application a dry
distillate gas generator colllplising:
a tank furnace;
means for loading a solid fuel in said tank furnace;
a bottom in said tank furnace;
an air chamber below said bottom;
an air duct col-n~-clil-g said air chamber through said bottom;
an air dispersion cap in a top of said air duct;
a tapered lower surface on said air dispersion cap;
at least one projection on said tapered lower surface;
~','.
~.
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said at least one projection being effective for m~int~ining said tapered lower
surface out of contact with said air duct, whereby at least one blow-off hole ism~int~inl-~ between said tapered lower surface and said air duct; and
said blow-off hole being inclined to enter air above said bottom generally radially,
and in a slow, gentle flow.
Still further, there is disclosed and claimed in such copending application a dry
distillate gas generator and a combustion ap~aldLus comprising:
a tank furnace;
sealable means for adding a solid fuel to said tank furnace;
l o means for flowing air into a bottom of said tank furnace in a generally radial flow
across said bottom, in a flow effective to combust no more than a portion of said solid
fuel, and to thermally decompose a rem~intler of said solid fuel to produce a dry
~li.ctill~te gas;
a combustion chamber;
a gas conduit conlle~ g said dry ~ till~te gas from said tank furnace to said
combustion chamber;
an illl~Ulily separation tank in said gas conduit;
an air storage layer surrounding said combustion chamber;
a preheat burner in an upstream end of said combustion chamber;
2 o means for injecting a first supply of air from outside said combustion chamber
into said combustion chamber dowl~ alll of said preheat burner;
means for injecting a second supply of air from said air storage layer into saidcombustion chamber dowl~ alll of an injection point of first supply of air; and
said first means for injecting and said second means for injecting including means
for spiralling air injected into said combustion chamber whereby agitation and mixing
of air with said dry distillate gas is enabled.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a
combustion gas burner unit comprising:
a burner body having a longitllrlin~l axis;
3 o a gas conduit portion at bottom end portion of said burner body;
a combustion chamber in said burner body;
a preheat burner section for igniting a pilot at a position close to an upstream end
of said combustion chamber;
, ~,
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an air storage layer ~ulloundillg a substantial portion of a cil-;ulllrelcllce of said
combustion chamber;
a first air supply section from outside to an interior of said combustion chamber,
skewed at a first angle for rotating injected air in a spiral;
a second air supply section from said air storage layer to said interior, skewedat a second angle for rotating air injected air in a spiral;
said second angle having a shallower forward angle with respect to said
longit~l~lin~l axis than said first angle, thereby producing a higher component of air
velocity along axis of said burner body;
o an injection point of said first air supply section being upstream of an injection
point of said second air supply section;
air injected through said second air supply section being preheated in said air
storage layer; and
said first and second angles being effective for ~git~ting and mixing a dry
(1i~till~te fuel gas with air from said first and second air supply sections.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a
combustion appal~lus for burning a fuel gas comprising:
a combustion chamber;
an air storage layer ~ulroullding said combustion chamber;
2 0 said air storage layer receiving heat from said combustion chamber to preheat air
therein;
means for flowing said fuel gas through said combustion chamber;
first means for injecting a first supply of air from outside said combustion
chamber into said combustion chamber;
2 5 second means for injecting a second supply of preheated air from said air storage
layer into said combustion chamber;
air injected by said second means being injected dowl~ ll of a location at
which air is injected by said first means; and
said first means and said second means both including means for producing a
3 o spiral flow of air in said combustion chamber, whereby agitation and mixing of said fuel
gas with said air is enabled; and
said second means including means to produce a higher component of air velocity
along a longit~ in~l axis of a burner body than said first means.
,:,
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In embodiments of either of the foregoing aspects of the present invention, the
burner body may be formed of a refractory material such as ceramic.
The dry distillation g~ifi~tion combustion equipment may have a gas conduit
conn~cted to a dry ~ till~tion gas outlet of the dry distillation gas generator to provide
an impuliLy separation tank in the gas conduit conn~cte(l to the gas burner unit.
When a solid fuel such as a tire, etc. is ~1mitted from the fuel entry portion into
the tank furnace and air is a~lmitted from the air chamber at the bottom portion thereof,
a predetcllllilled quantity of air is supplied into the dry distillation gas generator through
the air blowoff section co~ unicating with the air chamber. Since the air blowoff
0 section is comprised of the air vent recessed portion bored at a suitable portion of the
bottom surface of the tank furnace, the air duct con~llul~icates between the air chamber
provided at the central portion of the air vent recessed portion and the interior of the
tank furnace. The air dispersion cap fitted into the air duct, and the blowoff hole formed
at the cil-;umrclclllial side of the air dispersion cap, cause air blown from the air duct
to be supplied into the tank furnace in a decelerated and dispersed fashion substantially
uniformly and laterally from the blowoff hole such that the supplied air spreads softly
and evenly over the entire bottom surface.
When the accommodated solid fuel, such as a tire, etc., is ignited, only the
portion of the solid fuel in the vicinity of the bottom portion of the tank furnace where
2 o air spreads is burned.
At that time, the upper surface of the air dispersion cap serves as a portion of the
bottom surface of the tank furnace such that there is no projecting portion. Thus,
accommodation of the solid fuel is easy.
Where the blowoff hole is formed on the cilcuullfclclltial side of the air dispersion
cap, and the air vent recessed portion is formed thercaloulld, there is no possibility of
the air blowoff opening being inad~/cllell~ly clogged by the solid fuel. In addition, since
air forcefully spreads in a lateral direction through the air vent recessed section, and air
which has lost its force is dispersed and supplied softly in an upward direction, there
results a state in which air spreads softly and evenly at all times.
3 o As a result, the combustion area of the solid fuel is limited to the portion in the
vicinity of the bottom where air is stably supplied, but does not spread over other
portions. Such stabilized partial combustion in the vicinity of the bottom portion heats
the solid fuel thereabout so that thermal decomposition is produced. Thus, dry ~ till~tion
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gas is efficiently and stably gellel~t~d. Since, at all times, the air is softly diffused and
supplied, there is no possibility that carbon will be picked up to float in the air within
the tank furnace, thus pe~"~ g the dry ~ till~tion gas produced to be a clean gas
having less h~ ies.
Gas di~till~tion gasification combustion equipment employing the dry di~till~tion
gas generator as stated above and making use of the illlL~ulily separation tank provided
in the gas conduit to introduce the gas into the combustion gas burner unit efficiently and
stably provides a cleaner dry ~ till~tion gas having less illl~,lliLies.
The clean, dry ~ till~tion gas introduced from the gas conduit of the burner body
0 is ~git~ted and mixed, while rotating, with the air blown off and delivered from the
opel~illg of the first air supply section within the cylindrical burner body heated in
advance by the preheat burner section, and is introduced in a direction of the combustion
chamber at the front end thereof. The dry ~ till~tion air thus introduced is ignited by a
pilot of the preheating burner unit, and is guided in a direction of the combustion
chamber at the front end portion. The dry ~ till~tion gas thus introduced is ignited by
a pilot of the preheat burner section, so it is burned while blowing out flame from the
combustion chamber. In this in~t~nre, in the vicinity of the combustion chamber, the air
preheated by the air storage layer is further delivered from the second air supply portion,
and is ~git~tPd and mixed with combustion gas, thus further assisting combustion.
By employing such a configuration, a clean dry di.~till~tion gas is completely
burned at the combustion gas burner unit.
Where a cooling layer is provided at the entire outer circumference of the tank
furnace, whose bottom portion is of a triple layer structure with the bottom surface made
up of a heat resisting material, cooling layer and air chamber, and a cleaning port
2 5 provided at the side portion of the air chamber, the configuration thus featured provides
the following effect:
First, the presence of the cooling layer on the entire outer circumference of the
tank furnace ~upplesses temperature elevation within the tank furnace to prevent extra
or llnnPcess~ry combustion except for portions in the vicinity of the bottom portion of
3 o the solid fuel, thus reducing soot and smoke or dust and floating parti~ tes as much as
possible.
Since the bottom portion is a triple layer structure, the high ~elllpel~lule portion
on the surface of the bottom has sufficient durability. Further the cooling layer prevents
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the te~ cl~lulc of the bottom portion of the tank furnace from rising higher than is
required. The large air chamber permits an even supply of air over the entire bottom
portion. The supplied air is pre-heated.
In addition, the cleaning port at the side of the air chamber permits easy cleaning
5 of ~cl-rn--l~t~-l residual illl~u-ilies that may have dropped through the air duct.
By using the dry di~till~tion gas generator as stated above, the dry distillation
gasification combustion equipment efficiently and stably gellcl~les dry distillation gas
including less hll~ulilies to allow it to serve as a cleaner dry (li~till~tion gas. This
cle~nlin~ss is further improved by the hll~ulily separation tank in the middle of the gas
o conduit.
The dry ~lictill~tion gas is sufficiently clean to be completely burned in the
combustion gas burner unit.
Briefly stated, a dry di~till~tion gas generator according to copending application
number 2,076,651 ge~ L~s a dry ~ till~tion gas for burning in a separate combustion
5 gas burner unit. Air is supplied in a gentle decelerated flow to the bottom of the dry
fli~till~tion gas generator in a quantity sufficient to support combustion of a solid fuel in
the vicinity of the air supply, but at a low enough volume to prevent the combustion
proceeding to other parts of the gas generator, thus thermally decomposing the remainder
of the solid fuel to gellel~t~ the dry di~till~te gas. An air chamber surrounds the gas
2 o generator to reduce the temperature to which the solid fuel is exposed. Similarly, an air
chamber is disposed below the bottom of the gas generator to supply air to the gas
generator, and to moderate the telll~)el~lulc therein. An illl~ulily separation tank in a
conduit between the gas ge~ ator and the gas burner unit helps prCVt;lll particulates from
entering the gas generator. A preheat burner in the combustion gas burner unit includes
2 5 a pilot to ignite and preheat the gas. A first air injection device injects air from outside
the gas burner in a spiral flow to agitate and mix the gas with air. A second air injection
device injects air preheated in an air storage layer surrounding the gas burner unit into
the gas burner in a spiral flow to further agitate and mix the gas with air. The injection
point of the second air injection device is dowl~llcalll of the injection point of the first
3 o air injection device.
The above, and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention
will become app~relll from the following description read in conjunction with the
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accolllpallyillg dl~wings, in which like l~r~r~llce numerals designate the same elements.
In the drawings:
Figure 1 is a side view showing a dry distillation ga~ifiration combustion
e~lui~lll~lll;
Figure 2 is a front view showing a dry distillation gas generator;
Figure 3 is a longit~l(lin~l cross sectional side elevation showing the
structure of the bottom portion within the tank furnace;
Figure 4 is a plan view showing the structure of the bottom portion shown
in Figure 3;
0 Figure S is a longitll-lin~l cross sectional side elevation showing the
configuration of an air duct of the air blowoff portion;
Figure 6 is a perspective view showing an air dispersion cap;
Figure 7 is a bottom view showing an air dispersion cap;
Figure 8 is a longitll-lin~l cross sectional explanatory view showing the
state where the air blowoff portion is attached on the bottom portion;
Figure 9 is a longitll(lin~l cross sectional plan view of a combustion gas
burner unit; and
Figure 10 is a side view of the combustion gas burner unit.
2 o Referring to Figures 1 and 2, dry ~ till~tion gasification combustion equipment
includes a dry ~ till~tion gas generator 1 and a combustion gas burner unit which are
sepal~ units conn.octe~l together by means of a gas conduit 4. An hll~ulily separation
tank 3 is positioned in the middle portion of gas conduit 4. (The dry ~ till~tion
gasification combustion equipment and the dry distillation gas generator are the subject
of our copending patent application number 2,076,651.)
The dry ~ till~tion gasification combustion equipment as shown is especially
adaptable for burning used tires and for ge~ hlg dry ~ till~tion gas the~fiulll to
completely burn used tires, thus providing thermal energy. In accordance with this
equipment, the gas conduit 4 is conn~cte(l to a dry ~ till~tion gas outlet 5 at the rear of
3 o dry distillation gas generator 1. A combustion gas burner unit 2 is connected to the end
of the gas conduit 4.
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Dry ~ till~tion gas generator 1 includes a tank furnace 7 made of carbon steel,
having a fuel throw-in portion 6, or feed door, adapted so that it can be opened and
closed to receive solid fuel. Dry (li.ctill~tion gas outlet 5 is connPcte~ to tank furnace 7.
A safety valve 8 at the top of the tank furnace 7 permits the discharge of
5 excessive pressure from tank furnace 7 in the event of a malfunction. A further safety
valve 8a, shown in dashed lines in Figure 2, may be provided according to need.
Referring now to FIGS. 3 and 4, fuel throw-in portion 6 includes a tank door 6c
that can be opened and closed to reveal a large fuel entrance/exit 6a at the front side of
the tank furnace 7. Screw-type sealing devices 6b, or clamps, hold tank door 6c sealed
10 over entrance/exit 6a to prcvelll the loss of fuel gas thelcLhlough. The large size of fuel
entrance/exit 6a eases feeding of a stack of solid fuel into the tank furnace 7, and
removing residual material after combustion. The large size of fuel entrance/exit 6a also
simplifies cleaning of the interior of tank furnace 7.
Although the equipment shown employs a single dry ~ till~tion gas outlet 5 in
15 the rear of tank furnace 7, one skilled in the art will recognize that additional dry
~i~till~tion gas outlets (not shown) may be added about the cil.:ulllrelcllce of tank furnace
7 without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. If a plurality of dry
till~tion gas outlets are included, a single one may be chosen as required by piping
requirements, or, alternatively, two or more dry ~ till~tion gas outlets may be employed
2 o simlllt~nP-ously to convey the dry ~ till~tion gas from tank furnace 7.
A cooling layer 9 encircles the entire circumference of the tank furnace 7.
Cooling water is circulated in cooling layer 9 to control the telll~eldLulc of the outside
wall of tank furnace 7.
Cooling layer 9 extends behind the packing of tank door 6c covering fuel
25 entrance/exit 6a. The portion of cooling layer 9 in this region avoids accelerated heat
aging of the packing sealing tank door 6c, thereby enabling long-term use of theequipment.
The bottom portion of the tank furnace 7 is a triple layer structure. The upper
part of the triple layer structure is a bottom surface 10 of a heat resisting material such
30 as a refractory material. Cooling layer 9 extends under bottom surface 10. An air
chamber 11 is located below cooling layer 9. Removable clearing ports 1 la at the sides
of air chamber 11 permit purging of debris thererlolll.
CA 021498~8 1998-04-22
The inner ch-;ulllfe~nlial surfaces of the lower portions of the bottom surface 10
and the tank furnace 7 are exposed to combustion heat. Consequently, at least these
portions of the interior of tank furnace 7 are lined with a refractory (ceramic) material
for its heat-resisting properties.
The cooling layer 9 forms a water jacket system in which cooling water is
contained at the outside of the bottom surface 10, and is adapted to cool the bottom
surface 10 subject to high telll~eldLul~, thus to realize protection thereof and an increased
durable life. The air chamber 11 formed outside the cooling layer 9 is in the form of an
air chamber formed on the entire surface of the bottom portion, and is of a structure
o such that blowoff of air is caused to be uniform, and that a n~ces~ry quantity of air can
be supplied at any time.
At the bottom portion of the tank furnace 7, a pluMlity of air blowoff portions
12 are distributed substantially unirollllly over the area of bottom surface 10.Referring now to FIGS. 5, 6, 7 and 8, each of the air blowoff portions 12
15 includes an air vent recessed portion 13 recessed in bottom surface 10. An air duct 14
collllllunicates air between air chamber 11 and the center of the air vent recessed portion
13 to permit the flow of air ther~llu~)ugh into the interior of tank furnace 7. An air
dispersion cap 15 is fitted at the top of each air duct 14.
Referring specifically to Figure 5, air duct 14 includes a fitting member 19
2 o including an air dispersion cap receiving portion 17 at the upper end opening portion of
a tubular body 16. An embedded projecting portion 18 projects uuLwdl(l from air duct
14. Embedded projecting portion 18 is embedded in bottom surface 10. A cylindrical
body 20 (Figure 8) extends dowllwald from tubular body 16, through cooling layer 9,
and to air chamber 11.
Referring again to FIGS. 6, 7 and 8, air dispersion cap 15 is a heat resisting
special casting in the form of an inverse triangular cone, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. An
upper surface 21 of air dispersion cap 15 is flat. A lower surface of air dispersion cap
15 is a tapered surface 22. A plurality of radial projections 23 extend down tapered
surface 22. Centering projections 24 at a lower end of air dispersion cap 15 contact the
3 o inner surface of air duct 14 to m~int~in air dispersion cap 15 centered with respect to air
duct 14. The radial projections 23 and the air dispersion cap receiving portion 17
m~int~in a blowoff channel or hole 25 b~lween the air dispersion cap receiving portion
17 and the tapered surface 22.
16
.
CA 021498~8 1998-04-22
Upper surface 21 of air dispersion cap 15, fitted into the opening in the tank
furnace 7, forms a portion of the bottom surface 10 of tank furnace 7. Air entering from
air duct 14 is decelerated and dispersed to enter tank furnace 7 substantially uniformly
through ouLwdrdly tapering blowoff holes 25 between the side of air dispersion cap 15
and air dispersion cap receiving portion 17. The air thus supplied spreads softly and
evenly over the entire bottom surface 10 along the air vent recessed portion 13 around
the air dispersion cap 15.
As described above, air blowoff portions 12 are made up of the air duct 14 and
the air dispersion cap 15. Air duct 14 is fixed in the bottom of tank furnace 7 and air
1 o dispersion cap 15 is removably fixed in air duct 14. This makes it possible to cope with
expansion and distortion due to heat over a long period of use. Further, air dispersion
cap 15 can be removed to simplify cleaning, exchange, and/or mahl~ allce thereof.
It is to be noted that, although not shown, tank furnace 7 includes a telllpeldlure
sensor for monitoring the ~elllpel~ure of the dry (li~t~ tion gas produced, a sensor for
automatically controlling the quantity of gas produced after the l~lllpeldlule reaches a
predelelll~ ed temperature (150 degree(s) to 200 degree(s) C.), and an electrom~gn~ti~
valve for allowing air to be completely sealed off when the power supply is hl~ellu~led
either intentionally or due to plilllaly power hllellul)lion. Such sensing and control
enables complete control of the process of dry ~ till~tion of solid fuel.
Referring now to FIGS. 9 and 10, combustion gas burner unit 2 includes a
cylindrical burner body 26, of a refractory material such as, for example, a ceramic.
A gas conduit portion 27 at the upstream end of burner body 26 admits dry ~1ictill~te gas
from tank furnace 7. A combustion chamber 28 is provided at the dowll~Ll~dlll end of
burner body 26. A preheat burner unit 29 for igniting a pilot flame is positioned in the
2 5 bottom of burner body 26, near its U~lSIledlll end. An air storage layer 30 encircles the
outer cir-;ulllfelellce of an intermediate portion of burner body 26.
It is to be noted that, although combustion chamber 28 is shown as a removable
structure, one skilled in the art will recognize that it may be integrally formed with
burner body 26 without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
A first air supply section 31 opens through the wall of burner body 26 at a
forward angle and a skew angle with respect to the longit~l-lin~l axis of burner body 26
to apply a fol~vald velocity component and a rotating velocity component to the injected
air to cause the injected air to rotate in a fol wald-moving spiral within burner body 26.
CA 021498~8 1998-04-22
A pair of second air supply sections 32 and 32 pass from air supply layer 30 to enter
burner body 26 at a position dowl~llea,n of the entry of air supply section 31, and at a
shallower forward angle to produce a higher component of air velocity along the axis of
burner body 26. Second air supply sections 32 and 32 are also skewed with respect to
5 the longitudin~l axis of burner body 26 to impart spiral rotation to the injected air. The
resulting along-axis and spiral motion of the injected air is illustrated by spiral lines in
Figure 9.
The spiral rotation imparted to the air by the skewed positioning of first air
supply section 31 and second air supply sections 32 and 32, tend to mix the fuel gas
o passing through burner body 26 with the injected air.
Air storage layer 30 is preheated by heat conduction from the combustion within
burner body 26. As a consequence, the air from second air supply sections 32 and 32
is injected at an elevated telllpeldlulc to improve combustion at the relatively dowl~lle~
location of injection.
According to the foregoing, there is provided a dry di~till~tion gasification
combustion equipment in which a dry ~ till~tion gas generator, a combustion gas burner
unit, and an illl~ulily separation tank are conn~cted together by a gas conduit. An air
blowoff section includes an air vent recessed portion bored in the bottom surface of a
tank furnace. An air duct feeds air through an air chamber in the center of the air vent
2 o recessed portion into the interior of the tank furnace. An air dispersion cap located in the
air duct where it opens into the tank furnace forms a portion of the bottom surface of the
tank furnace. A blowoff opening is formed about the circumference of the air dispersion
cap so that air from the air duct enters the tank furnace substantially uniformly in a
decelerated and dispersed state in a radial direction. The supplied air thus spreads softly
25 and evenly over the entire bottom surface of the tank furnace. Accordingly, when a
solid fuel such as tires is loaded through fuel door into the tank furnace, air is supplied
to the tank furnace uniformly, and in a decelerated and dispersed fashion. The slow
uniform air flow prevents emission of embers and dust from the tank furnace. Air flow
control is suitable to limit the amount of air to that required to gelleldt~ dry f1i~till~te fuel
3 o gas from the solid fuel by bull~illg only a portion of the solid fuel.
The dry ~ till~tion gas gelleldlor permits stable supply of a prede~elmilled
quantity of air controlled so as to m~int~in the ~ till~tion condition with b~l~nred
combustion and heating. For this reason, the combustion area is limited to a portion of
18
(~
CA 021498~8 1998-04-22
the solid fuel near the bottom portion where air is stably supplied. Such stabilized partial
combustion in the vicinity of the bottom portion heats the remainder of the solid fuel in
the tank furnace to produce thermal decomposition. Thus, dry ~ till~tion gas is
efficiently and stably gellel~led.
Since supplied air is softly diffused and supplied at all times, whillillg or floating
up of carbon within the tank furnace is avoided, thus making it possible to generate clean
combustible gas in a stabilized manner.
The upper surface of the air dispersion cap forms a portion of the bottom surface
of the tank furnace. A blowoff opening about the ch.;ulllfelcllce of the air dispersion cap
o supplies air from the air duct into the tank furnace radially in a uniform, decelerated and
dispersed manner.
The equipment described herein provides the following advantages. When a solid
fuel such as tires is burned and heated, hl~uli~ies such as tar, carbon, wire, spike tire
pin, or sand, etc. are heated together, so that they are melted, are reduced to ashes, or
result in residual material. Such residual material cannot easily clog the air blowoff
opening in the bottom of the tank furnace. For this reason, the air supply remains stable
in use, thus making it possible to stably m~intAin for a long time the heat/combustion
state in which the conditions for dry di~till~tion are satisfied.
Since the air blowoff opening is large, it is easy to clean and remove residual
i~ ulilies from the dry ~ till~tion gas generator by removing the air dispersion cap.
This extends the time during which the dry ~ till~tion gas geneldlion can operate.
The combustion gas burner unit burns the clean dry rii~till~tion gas fed from the
tank furnace through a gas conduit. The dry ~ till~tion gas is ignited by a pilot burner
in a preheat burner section and is then rotated and mixed with air injected through a
2 5 skewed first air supply section of the burner body to enable further combustion. The ffrst
air supply section injects air with a forward component of velocity along the axis of the
combustion gas burner. An air supply is preheated in an air storage layer before being
injected through a second air supply section into the combustion gas burner unit at a
location dowl~LIcalll of the injection by the first air supply section. The second air
supply section is skewed to rotate the injected air for agitation and mixing, and is
directed in the dowlL~ l direction to increase the travel velocity of the burning gas.
The second air supply section is less skewed, but its forward angle is greater than the
first air supply section. The combination of plentiful air supply and vigorous agitation
CA 021498~8 1998-04-22
with preh~ting in the combustion burner unit provides efficient and complete combustion
of the clean dry ~ till~tion gas.
The dry (listill~tion gasification combustion equipment efficiently and stably
generates a dry di~till~tion gas including less hll~ulilies. An illl~ulily separation tank in
5 the gas conduit callyillg the gas to the combustion gas burner unit traps hll~uliLies (dust,
embers, ashes, etc.) to deliver clean dry ~ till~tion gas to the combustion gas burner
unit. This permits the gellel~lion of thermal energy without the emission of soot, smoke
or dust into the envholl.llcll~. The dry ~ till~tion gasification combustion equipment of
the invention is combined with a combustion gas burner unit, and an hllL)ulily separation
0 tank connPcte~l together by a gas conduit.
A cooling layer about the entire outer circumference of the tank furnace lowers
the temperature therein to prevent extra or llnn~cçssary combustion except at the portion
in the vicinity of the bottom of the solid fuel to reduce the production of soot, smoke or
dust to a ~ , thus pc~ iL~ g production of a clear dry ~i~till~tion gas.
Using a three-layer structure in the bottom of the tank furnace improves the
durability of the high telllpel~lurc portion on the surface of the bottom portion. A cooling
layer, through which combustion air passes on its way to the interior of the tank furnace,
keeps the telllpcl~lulc of the bottom surface of the tank furnace at a relatively low
cl~Lulc without p~."~illi"g the temperature to rise higher than is required. The air
passing through the cooling layer is pre-heated to improve the efficiency of the tank
furnace.
The sides of the air chamber include cle~nin~ ports to enable the cleaning out of
residual hll~ulilies that may have dropped through the air duct in the bottom of the tank
furnace.
The hll~ulily separation tank in the middle of the gas conduit cleans the dry
~i~till~tion gas to permit complete combustion in the combustion gas burner unit without
the emission of soot, dust or smoke.
Clean dry (li~till~tion gas from the gas conduit section of the burner body is
ignited by a pilot in a preheat burner section, and is then rotated, agit~te~ and mixed
3 o with air from openings of the first and second air supply sections within the cylindrical
burner body.
Having described plcfcllcd embodiments of the invention with ~relcllce to the
accolllpallyillg drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to those
.
CA 02149858 1998-04-22
precise embodiments, and that various changes and modifications may be effected therein
by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention as
defined in the appended claims.
