Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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SYSTEM FOR FILTERING RESIDUAL CONTAMINANT PARTICLES FOR SMOKE
AND GAS THROUGH ATOMIZED ULTRAFREEZING
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
As expressed in the title of this specification, the present invention refers
to
a system for filtering residual contaminant particles for smoke and gas
through
atomized ultrafreezing, which proves to be a very efficient and low cost
system in
comparison with other conventional ones that carry out the same function.
It advantageously avoids contaminant particles and gas from coming out to
the outside, without thus producing "acid rain", which seriously harms plants.
On the other hand, this system of the invention allows some elements of
the residual product to be recovered.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Presently, different systems to purify gas and smoke consisting of water
baths or baths of other liquids that act as a filter for the products to be
purified are
known.
The efficiency of said systems is not as good as would be expected,
whereas the cost of the assembly and installation thereof is very high.
Besides,
the purification is not totally correct, which implies that some contaminant
elements come out to the outside after purification.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
To overcome the above mentioned problems, the invention proposes a
system for filtering residual contaminant particles for smoke and gas through
atomized ultra-freezing, mainly preventing the contaminant elements that cause
the so-called "acid rain" from being expelled to the atmosphere. Another
important feature is that the cost of assembly and installation of the unit is
relatively inexpensive. In short, it is a very efficient system.
The smoke to be purified passes first of all through a top inlet mouth and
then continues until it reaches a
CA 02157876 2005-O1-07
1 Venturi-type valve, that regulates the speed of the smoke
or gas, that then passes through a group of sprayed or
atomized water injectors, then forming a fine rain, which
is then ultrafreezed by the action of two liquid nitrogen
showers, which will cause an advantageous solidification
of the fine rain into a hail-like mass, which then preci-
pitates to a bottom decanter. The decanter includes two
separators, one which retains the precipitated hail that
later comes out through a discharge valve and a second
slower separator inserted before the outlet mouth or
chimney, through which the totally purified air is
expelled to the atmosphere.
On the other hand, for the purpose of reducing the
liquid nitrogen consumption and as a second embodiment,
replacement of the showers of this gas by a coil protected
by a suitable insulating material is provided for, at the
same time that it will be placed outside over the decanta-
tion duct, said coil occupying part of the bottom decanter.
Depending on the temperature of the fluid (smoke or
gas) to be purified, inclusion of a heat exchanger when
it is necessary to reduce the temperature of the fluid
or a condenser when it is necessary to increase said
temperature, in the inlet mouth has been provided for.
This particular fact is important, since in order to
attain total efficiency of the system, it is necessary
f or the fluid to be at the most suitable temperature
upon entering the system.
Depending on the type of fluid to be purified, there
is the possibility of using or not using atomized water
injectors.
According to one aspect of the present invention,
there is provided a system for filtering residual
contaminant particles from a gas stream through atomized
ultrafreezing, the system comprising a housing having an
inlet mouth and an outlet mouth, and a separator means
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disposed in the housing, the separator means including a
fluid temperature regulating element disposed within the
inlet mouth, a venturi-type valve having a fluid speed
regulator disposed downstream of the temperature regulating
element, a down pipe disposed downstream of the venturi-
type valve, at least one atomized water injector at the
inlet of the down pipe which is capable of spraying the gas
stream exiting the venturi-type valve with water, and at
least one liquid nitrogen shower element disposed in the
down pipe downstream of the water injector which is capable
of freezing the water, wherein water containing contaminant
particles is capable of solidifying into hail and
precipitating, and a decanter connected to the outlet of
the down pipe having a first separator for removing the
hail from the gas stream, a discharge valve at the bottom
of the decanter for discharging the hail from the separator
means, a second separator disposed downstream of the first
separator and upstream of the outlet mouth for removing the
hail from the gas stream, and means for separating the
contaminant from the hail by ultrasound, the means being
disposed at the bottom of the decanter.
According to a further aspect of the present
invention, there is provided a system for filtering
residual contaminant particles from a gas stream through
atomized ultrafreezing, the system comprising a housing
having an inlet mouth and an outlet mouth, a separator
means disposed in the housing, the separator means
including a fluid temperature regulating element disposed
within the inlet mouth, a venturi-type valve having a fluid
speed regulator disposed downstream of the temperature
regulating element, a down pipe disposed downstream of the
venturi-type valve, at least one atomized water injector at
the inlet of the down pipe which is capable of spraying the
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gas stream exiting the venturi-type valve with water, a
coil adapted for the flow of liquid nitrogen therein and
attached to an outside surface of the down pipe for
freezing the water, wherein the water containing
contaminant particles is capable of solidifying into hail
and precipitating, and insulation disposed over the coil,
and a decanter connected to the outlet of the down pipe
having a first separator for removing the hail from the gas
stream, a discharge valve at the bottom of the decanter for
discharging~the hail collected from the separator means, a
second separator disposed downstream of the first separator
and upstream of the outlet mouth for removing the hail from
the gas stream, wherein the coil is disposed over at least
part of the decanter, and means for separating the
cotaminant from the hail by ultrasound, the means being
disposed at the bottom of the decanter.
According to another aspect of the present invention,
there is provided a system for filtering a gas stream,
which is contaminated with at least one contaminant, by
atomized ultrafreezing, the system comprising a housing
having an inlet portion including an inlet mouth for
receiving the contaminated gas stream, a venturi portion
attached to the inlet portion, a down pipe attached to the
venturi portion, a hopper attached to the down pipe, and an
outlet portion attached to the hopper and having an outlet
mouth, a fluid temperature regulating element disposed
within the inlet portion at the inlet mouth for adjusting
the temperature of the contaminated gas stream passing
through the inlet portion, a venturi-type valve disposed
downstream of the temperature regulating element in the
venturi portion and having a fluid speed regulator, at
least one atomized water injector at the inlet of the down
pipe which is capable of spraying the contaminated gas
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stream exiting the venturi-type valve with water, whereby
the water droplets combine with the contaminant, means of
freezing the water droplets within the down pipe, wherein
the water droplets are capable of solidifying into hail, a
first separator disposed in the hopper for removing the
hail from the gas stream, a discharge valve disposed at the
bottom of the hopper for discharging the hail from the
hopper, and a second separator disposed in the hopper
downstream of the first separator and upstream of the
outlet mouth for removing the hail from the gas stream,
wherein the hail precipitates to the bottom of the hopper.
Hereinafter to provide a better understanding of this
specification and forming an integral part of the same,
a series of figures wherein the object of the invention
has been represented in an illustrative and non-restric-
tive manner is attached hereto_
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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a schematic view of the entire system for filtering residual
contaminant particles for smoke and gas through atomized ultrafreezing, object
of
the invention. Among other elements, it includes some liquid nitrogen showers
to
solidify the contaminant products.
Figure 2 is a view similar to the previous one, wherein the liquid nitrogen
showers have been replaced by an outside coil through which said liquid
nitrogen
flows in order to condense or freeze the contaminant products.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to the numbering used in figure 1, the system for filtering residual
contaminant particles for smoke and gas through atomized ultrafreezing is
defined
by a filter supported by a housing ( 1 ) whose entire surface is provided with
an
insulating material (2), at the same time that it rests on some legs (3). .In
principle, the filter has a top inlet mouth (4) through which the contaminant
fluid
which is to be completely purified passes, such as smoke or gas, which then
reach
a Venturi-type valve, provided with a regulator (6) to vary the speed of the
contaminant fluid. The incorporation of a fluid temperature regulator (7),
such as
a heat exchanger to reduce the temperature or a condenser to prevent
liquation, in
the inlet mouth (4) has been provided for. This regulator element (7) is
important,
since the same keeps the temperature of the contaminant fluid at the suitable
degrees when it passes through the inlet mouth (4), thus achieving in
subsequent
stages of the process, a correct and efficient purification.
Continuing the process and the flow of fluid, the latter will pass from the
Venturi valve (5) propelled by the valve to a group of atomized or sprayed
water
injectors (8), thus forming a fine rain, which will then
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solidify, in the form of hail, by the action of two liquid nitrogen showers
(9) and
( 10), said hail then precipitating to a bottom decanter ( 1 1 ). The water
that feeds
the injectors (8) comes from an outside duct (12). The nitrogen that feeds the
two showers (9) and ( 10) also comes from another outside duct ( 13). Hence,
the
decanter ( 1 1 ) incorporates a first separator ( 14) that retains the
precipitated hail
that later comes out through a discharge valve ( 15); on the other hand,
incorporating a slower second separator (16), which is inserted outside before
the
outlet mouth ( 17) or chimney, through which the totally purified fluid is
expelled to
the atmosphere.
On the other hand, cleaning by ultrasound takes place in the decanter ( 1 1 )
which permits the contaminant elements to be separated from the hail-like
mass,
in such a way that these contaminant elements will come out solidified through
the discharge valve ( 15), at the same time that the same, in some cases,
include
residue capable of being recycled.
The separator ( 16) that is close to the outlet mouth ( 17) can also be called
a
drop separator, since the hail that has been previously collected by the first
separator ( 14) practically does not reach the same.
In figure 2, the liquid nitrogen showers (9) and ( 10) have been
advantageously replaced by the outside coil (18) thereof coupled around the
down
pipe (19) where said showers (9) and (10) were located, this coil occupying
part
of the bottom decanter ( 1 1 ). The outside coil ( 18) through which the
liquid
nitrogen will flow closed-circuit, is covered by a suitable insulating
material (20),
at the same time that it has an inlet duct (21 ) and another outlet duct (22).
With
this arrangement, cooling is caused by said outside coil ( 18) over the down
pipe
( 19) and part of the bottom decanter ( 1 1 ). ~epending on the cooling
efficiency,
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the contaminated fluid can be condensed or frozen, as is done with the
atomized
nitrogen when it flows through the showers (9) and (10).
The consumption of liquid nitrogen is reduced considerably upon using the
outside coil ( 18), at the same time that the liquid nitrogen will not mix
with the
contaminated fluid as in the case of the nitrogen showers (9) and ( 10);
therefore,
subsequent separation thereof will not be necessary.
On the other hand, it is possible to eliminate the atomized water injectors
(8) or not to use them when we filter the contaminated products, wherein the
physical characteristics thereof allow only condensation; producing afterwards
the
liquefaction filtering process and decanting towards the separators (14) and
(16).
