Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
~o 96101943 2 1 9 4 5 8 7
METHOD OF PISTON INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH
SPARK IGNITION WORKING AN]D PISTON INTERNAL
COMBUSTION ENGINE
FIELD OF INVENTION
This invention relates to engine-building and more particularly, to a method of
piston internal ' engine with spark ignition working and the piston
internal bu engine and may be used in stationary power b~ g plants
and in transport.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
It is known a rnethocl of intemal ~ ;nl. engine with spark ignition working
which c.. ~ opening of the inlet valve into the cylinder over-piston cavity;
feeding into it the working medium from the ~ t~,. before the inlet valve
closing, after that they compress the working medium and ignite it by the electric
15 spark; during this process the main quantity of the fuel-air mixture is burning out
when the piston is near the upper dead point at the expansion step bCgir~in~e The
m~xim~.m pressure of the c- ~h ~ mixture in the cylinder is reached when the
piston is at tne upper dead point. Buming out of the fuel-air mixture takes place
with intensive heat emission at the point c .r~ll I E the ~ -r~ tum on 10-
20 15~ before the upper dead point and 15-20~ after the upper dead point. The main
quantity of the fuel-air mixture bums out at the variable pressure and constant
volume. Further, they make expansion step (the piston working stroke), i.e. because
of the fuel buming out and gas heat exchange the piston is moved to the lower dead
point. When the ' ' ~ is 40~5~ before the lower dead point the inlet valve
25 opens and the . ' products are removed from the over-piston cavity.
Removing of the said products is done before the piston coming to the upper deadpoint (S.N. Bogdanov and others "~I.t~mnhil~ engines", M., "Mr-' ~ ~ u~,ni.,",
1987).
It is also known a method of intemal comh ctinn engine with spark ignition
30 working c~ : e the addition into the working medium of dope as a severe anti-
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lcnock agent for spark ignition fuels. Document EP-A-80314, page 2, lines 6 and 7.
It is also known an intemal cnmh~ti engine which comprises a casing, a
carter, switched-off and non-switched-off cylinders with inlet and outlet means; the
pistons in the cylinders which are ~ connected with the shaft, the engine
5 c ontrolling means; moreover, the pistons of the switched-off cylinders are done
c~ o~'t~, an ejector for the remaining gazes sucking from the over-piston cavityof the switched-off cylinders with active and passive nozzles; additional outletmeans set in the switched-off cylinders for ~ ;..g the over-piston cavity and
the passive nozzle, a ~ relating with the over-piston cavity through the
10 inlet means; moreover, the additional outlet means are connected with the shaft or
the engine controlling means; besides, the engine has a safety valve set in the carter
which is made hermetic (Russian r.- ~ Patent N2013624, Cl. F02D 17/02).
In such engine the piston being near the upper dead point, and the main quantityof the fuel-air mixture bums out at the variable pressure and constant volume, there
15 is no useful ... ~ l work because of the fact that at this place the piston
practically does not move, that is also seen from the formula
f'W= JPdV=O
Vl
20 where ~W is gas internai work, Vl and V2 is initial and final gas volume
(V=Const.).
At the same time during the process of the main quantity of the fuel-air mixturebuming out there is emanated a Cf! '';~f ~ Volulne of heat~ which leads to the
engine details heating, but its part is uselessly taking out into the ~ ~r~25 In cv .~e ~ of the aforesaid, the gas expansion energy is not used for usefull work.
According to the invention mPntinnpd in the GB-A-1579373 there is provided an
internal ' engine, c-~ g a c - -.l. .~i;.. chamber, inlet and outlet
valves, an ~ r ' )~ a bored channel between the cnnnhll~ti
30 chamber and the: 1- , a plunger consisting of a controlled rod with the
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enlarged part or head coming into tlhe ~ ' chamber and sliding along the
said channel with very srnall clearance between the head and the bored channel
wall, moreover, the head is p~ d in such a way that it is joined with the fitting
place connected with the channel. There are also provided means for rCllmlllqtnr5 filling with the gas at given pressure, which is given to the plunger in order to
make a force acting along the channel and pushing the head to the fitting place,~ r v the force acting to the plunger in t]he opposite direction because of the
influence of gas pressure on this plunger in the c~ r charnber. The given gas
pressure in the ' ~ir ~ maximum pressure of burning in the
10 cnmh~Qtil chamber.
The pressure of buming, acting to the plunger's head pushes it along the channel,
efficiently increasing the total volume of the part in which buming takes place. This
volume increasing decreases she maximum value of received pressure of buming as
compared with that maximum value of pressure of burning which is in the known
1~ e ngines of ordinary s --
This device enables to provide a method of the piston internal c~ h ~ , engine~,vith spark ignition working C""'l";' '\L the inlet valve opening into the ,-- ,-1- -~;;--
chamber, i.e. the over-piston cavity of the cylinder, feeding of the working medium
into it before the inlet valve closing, the working rnedium c, , and its
20 ignition and the further expansion of the working medium, moreover, its burning is
fulfilled at the constant pressure and variable vohlme of the over-piston cavity, with
the worked out gases further lis. L~u~;L.g,.
But because of the e lq~r pumping up system ~h~L~ there is no
possibility to change quickly the pressure in wide limits in order to ensure working
25 in operating con~iirinnc from idle to full load, besides, at the pressure controlling
process there will be the energy losses at the pressure throw-off, but because of the
plunger slight IllO~ llt there is no possibility to provide a variable force pushing
the head to the fitting place. It is difficult to hermletize the plunger with respect to
the channel walls. The said problems make worse when fuel burning speed
30 illcreases.
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SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide the method of the piston
internal ' 'nn working which can be obtained by the piston internal
~l".. .~ engine with lowered specific fuel c~ , increased efficiency,
5 lowered discharge of the working out gases, decreased metallic ~ and
increased litre capacity.
The object has been achieved by the piston internai comhuq7inn engine with
spark ignition working, which cv ~ the inlet valve opening into the cylinder's
over-piston cavity, feeding the working medium into it before the inlet valve
10 closing, further c~ and ignition of the working medium witb its further
e'xpansion and discharge of the worked out gases, moreover, the working medium
expansion is affected at its constant pressure and variable volume of the over-piston
cavity, but in the working medium they add knock dope.
The problem is also solved by the piston internal ~- ' engine c~ g a
15 carter and a cylinder block with a cu ~ -rod, connected by a big end with a
,.~..L~ r,, but with a sma,l end with a piston, the block cylinder head, in wbich
there are the inlet and outlet valves and a ~- E- , connected with the over-piston space, and also a gas--l ~ nl;~.g ~ moreover that the e-
~has the form of a cylinder, divided by a rigid cross partition into two cavities, in
20 the lower of which connected with the over-piston space there is a piston,
connected with the stem, passing through the said rigid partition and connected with
the piston of the h~ld~uuylul~., which is formed by means of the cylinder upper
cavity, limited by an additional rigid partition, moreover that the hydrocylinder has
a U, .~r. .i~ F channel, but the piston has its stroke less than the hy~llu~"ylih.:l~,
25 length and can cuts off the upper and the lower l~ ~ holes at the upper and
the lower dead points respectively, but the system "the ~ ,a st~rn-the other piston"
is spring loaded by a conical telescopic c-~ spring of variable rigidity;besides, the ,o ~ g -rod has the form of a hy~Lu~yluudel and has variable
length, which is situated in its big end boss, and the piston, whose stem is
30 cDnnected with the small end; the h.y~u~iylil~L,~ has a l" ~~f ';~e channel, but the
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piston situated in tne L~Lu~iylillL. has tne stroke less than the length of the latter
and can cuts off the upper and the lower u,~ c holes at the upper and lower
- dead points respectively, moreover that ûn the stem there is a conic telescopic
crnnprPcc;on spring of a variable rigidity, which by its lesser base is leaning on the
5 hydrocylinder end surface and by its greater base - on tbe small end surface.
The present invention also provides ~ e of specific fuel c~
twice, increasing the efficiency up to 50%, Ik ~ e discharge of the worked up
gases into tne 2~ by 50%, ~ metallic ~ e twice; increasing
litre capacity twice.
13RIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Later on the invention will be apparent from Ihe cperifirq~ir~n and the
accu.ll~,u.ying drawings, in which:
Fig.l represents general view of the piston intemal cn ~J;0n engine;
15 Fig.2 represents loa~ view of the . - - ~I;..e-rod;
Fig.3 represents long ' -' view of the .- ~~
Fg.4 represents an indicator diagr_m of the engine in the ~ u~ P - V.
DESCRlPTlON OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT.
The 4-stroke piston intemal cnmh~- engine has a carter 7, connected with a
20 cylinder block 8, in which there is a crq~ qft 9, connected with a piston 3 by
means of a ~ g rod 5 of variable length and by means of a
- ~ with the gas-~ lll l;. g ~~ -, (not shown).
At tne upper part of the cylinder block 8 there is a cylinder head 2, cn~ e
~he inlet valve l and the outlet valve 6 and a ~ -.l~ -~--- 4.
25 The cr~ ne rod 5 of variable length has the small end 10 and the big end 11,
connected by the stem 12, which by one end, for example, by means of tbread is
rigidly connected with tne small end l0. In the big end 11 boss there is a
L.yLLu~y' ' 13, in which there is a moveable piston 14, situated on the stem 12
free end.
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At the end of the big end 11 boss there is a nut lS, limiting the hy Lucylilldu.from the piston 3 side. In the side walls of the L.~Lu~iyl~ 13 there are spout
holes 16, 17 and also a l~ f I;Ilp channel 18 with the lower
Ur ~f. .1;l~ hole 19 and the upper ~ 'f ~I;l~g hole 20.
The 1~-~ 'f ~;~g channel 18 connects the hycl u~yLIlLl 13 cavities 21, 22
situated on both sides of the piston 14, with the oil system of the engine. The back
valve 23 is installed in the inlet hole of the 1~ ~'f ~ g channel 18, cu~ e
with the engine carter space.
On the stem 12 there is installed a conical telescopic c-- ~ -,- spring 24 of
10 variable rigidity, which is leaning upon the small end lû surface by means of its
greater base and by its smaller base it is leaning upon the Ly Luuylilldc~ 13 end
surface.
The c~ 4 of the cylinder head 8 is carried out in the form of the
cylinder 25, divided by a rigid cross partition 26 into t vo cavities. In the lower
15 cavity of the cylinder 25, connected with the over-piston space there is a piston 27,
connected with the stem 29, passing through the rigid partition 26 and c~lnn~ct~ d
with the piston 3û of the Lydlu~ylilld.. 31. The cylinder 25 upper cavity is limited
by the additional rigid cross partition 32. The system, consising of the piston 27,
the stem 29 and the piston 30 is spring loaded by a conical telescopic c-..,-l~ o~
20 spring 28 of variable rigidity, which can be installed, for example, between the
piston 27 and rigid partition 26. In one of the hy~Lu~.yLlldc, 31 walls there two
spout holes 33, but in the other wall there is a 1., ~ ,;"~ channel 34, conn~ctpd
through n r ~ e holes with the LyLu~ylilld~, 31 upper and lower cavities and
with the oil system of the engine (not shown).
25 The piston internal cc ' nn engine works AS follows.
The fresh charge (petrol-air mixture with the knock dope) enters the over-pistoncavity of the head 2, when the piston 3 is moving from the upper dead point to the
lower one . Process of filling the over-piston cavity with the fresh charge is ended
when the piston 3 is coming into the lower dead point. Then the inlet valve 1
30 clûses. After that the piston 3 moves to the upper dead point and charge
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Cull~,ul~ ;t;tion of the working medium takes place.
Before the beginning of the process of the working medium ignition, when its
pressure is rising, the , 4 ~ y adjusting the given pressure rate,
starts working. If the pressure of the working medium in the ' li chamber
S exceeds the given rate, the gases affecting on the piston 27 in cylinder 25 lower
cavity, compress tbe telescopic spring 28, so the oil flows through the n~. r ,; g
channel 34 from the upper cavity of the L.~Lu~lh~l 31 to the lower one, the oil
surplus flows through the hole 33.
When the . ,, -L-'~ rl iS 10-15~ before the upper dead point, the working medium10 ignites because of the electric spark and the pressure in the over-piston cavity
begins to increase. When the pressure in the over-piston cavity exceeds ~lL~liu~ LLy
c.. ~ force of the telescopic spring 24, the crnn~rting-rod 5 small end 10
begins to move in the h)~Lu~.~lh.L. 13 together with the stem 12 and the piston 14
towards the big end 11, ~ L the ~ _ rod 5 length.
15 At the same tirne, the telescopic C- "~ -- - ~ spring 24, which is intended for
certain load, c-----l--~ The oil begins to flow from the h.~Lu~.y'- ' 13 lower
cavi~ 21 to the engine carter 7 through the spout hole 16. When the piston 14
upper edge opens the hole 20, the oil enters the piston 14 upper cavity 22 along the
l .. .' f. . I; ~p channel 18. When the piston 14 lower edge cuts off the spout hole 16
20 and the l,, ,~r ....~ hole 19, the remaining oil in tne cavity 21 will serve as a
damper ~~-~' ( ~ e the piston 14 shock, because the piston 14 total stroke is less
than the L.~u;y' ' 13 length.. At the sarne time the process of the spring 28
compression continues. When the piston 30 upper edge cuts off the upper spout
hole, the oil remaining in the space between the piston 30 and the rigid partition 32
2~ will serve as a damper ~ g the piston 30 shock, because the piston 30 total
stroke is less than the L~Lu-,yliL..l~l 31 length.
When the pressure in the over-piston cavity begins to decrease, the load on the
piston 3 and therefore on the stem 12 reduces and the ~ -g-rod 5 begins to
lengthen because of the telescopic c~ -- spring 24 force. The oil from the30 upper cavity 22 flows to the ~ ~gi- ~ space ~hrough the spout hole 17 in the
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h~ u~yliluh. 13 side wall. Then the hole 19 under the piston 14 lower edge opensand the oil fills the lower cavity 21, flowing from the engine oil system along the
ch~mnel 18 with the back valve 23 and besides the oil flows through the n. ~ ;..g
hole 20 and the n, .~r~ g channel 18.
5 When the piston 14 comes to the upper dead point, the piston 14 upper edge
closes the overflowing hole 20 and the spout hole 17. The oil, remaining in tne
upper cavity 22 serves as a damper ~ -~ ; g the piston 14 shock? provid~ng
noiseless work of the c-~ E; rod - piston group.
At the same time the piston 27 moves downwards because of the spring 28
10 action and when the piston 30 lower edge cuts off the lower u - .~ ~;ng hole the
oil remaining between the piston 30 and the rigid partition 26 will serve as a
darnper cllchi~ning the piston 30 shock. So the energy ~rcllm~ tl~ci by the springs
24 and 28 is used in such a way. The process is finished when tne piston 3 comesto Ihe lower dead point. Then the valve 6 opens. After that the piston 3 moves to
15 tne upper dead point and the worked out gases are discharged; further on the cycle
repeats.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY.
The applied construction allows to usè fuel with Ihe knock dopes inrlr~cing fuel20 burning speed and volume and to minirnize heat losses, that helps to solve the
defined problems.
The piston internal c ' engines according to the present invention can be
applied in tne air, above-water power !j~ g plants and in transport systems,
using gaseous fuel, petrol, ligroin, motor fuel and nont~riifion~ ly pure
25 fuells in two - and four- stroke cycles.
