Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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LIQUID NEUTRAL TO ALKALINE HARD-SURFACE
CLEANING COMPOSITION
Technical field
The present invention relates to liquid compositions for cleaning hard-
surfaces.
Background of the invention
Liquid compositions for cleaning hard-surfaces have been disclosed in the art.
Liquid hard-surface cleaning compositions may be formulated in a variety of
ways. Liquid hard-surface cleaning compositions, having a neutral to alkaline
pH, comprising amongst other ingredients, a surtactant or a surfactant system
both of which are well known in the art. Said compositions show good cleaning
on a variety of soils and surfaces. However, consumers are looking for liquid
cleaning compositions that would not only clean a hard-surface in a primary or
'first-time' cleaning operation but also render the hard-surface less prone to
soil
adherence and thus facilitating 'next-time' or secondary cleaning operation
(i.e.,
a subsequent cleaning operation following a primary or 'first-time' cleaning
operation).
Hard-surface cleaning compositions having a 'next-time' cleaning benefit are
known in the art. Said compositions may comprise among other ingredients
polymeric material, e.g., hard-surface cleaning compositions comprising a
polyvinyl pyrrolidone (EP-A-0 635 5fi7). The ability of said compositions to
render a hard-surface treated therewith less prone to soil adherence is not
yet
satisfactory and may be further improved.
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Thus, the aspect of the present invention is to formulate a liquid cleaning
composition for removal of various soils from various hard-surfaces, e.g.,
hard-
surfaces found in houses, having an improved 'next-time' cleaning benefit/
performance compared to other hard-surface cleaners.
Furthermore, it is also desirable that such liquid hard-surface cleaning
compositions should have the ability to provide good shine to the surfaces
treated. However, surface shine is often compromised since when water comes
into contact with hard-surfaces (e.g., in the rinse operation) it has the
tendency
to form droplets on the surface. The presence of droplets as compared to a
thin
film uniformly spread over the surface or running off the surface results in
the
loss of shine. Furthermore, as water evaporates from the droplets, poorly
water
soluble inorganic salts such as calcium/magnesium carbonate and/or phosphate
salts precipitate with consequent formation of watermarks on the surface and,
eventually limescale deposits, resulting in an unacceptable mark on the
surface.
It is thus a further aspect of the present invention to improve the formation
of a
uniform thin film of water and to reduce the formation of watermarks and/or
limescale deposits on a hard-surface that has been treated with a liquid hard-
surface cleaning composition and hence to provide good shine to this surface.
Furthermore, it is also desirable that said good shine persists after several
rinsing cycles and hence long lasting shine is provide to the surface.
It has now been found that the above aspects are met by formulating a liquid
composition, having a neutral to alkaline pH, comprising a nonionic
surfactant, a
homo or copolymer of vinyipyrrolidone and a polysaccharide polymer, with the
proviso that said composition does not comprise an amphoteric surfactant.
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Advantageously, the liquid compositions of the present invention show an
improved 'next-time' cleaning performance, compared to other hard-surface
cleaners, on various types of stains/soils in particular greasy soils, e.g.,
greasy
soap scum or greasy soils found in kitchens, and other tough stains found on
hard-surfaces.
A further advantage of the liquid compositions of the present invention is
that
good first time cleaning in addition to improved 'next-time' cleaning
performance
is delivered.
Yet a further advantage of the compositions of the present invention is that
faster drying is obtained on the surfaces that have been cleaned therewith. In
other words, the consumer will notice the advantages reducing the total amount
of time taken to clean hard-surfaces and reducing the inconvenience of having
wet surfaces in the home.
Also it has surprisingly been found that the compositions according to the
present invention deliver the benefits mentioned herein when used to treat a
variety of surfaces including metal surfaces, such as aluminum, chromed steel,
stainless steel, synthetic materials like vinyl, linoleum, glazed or non-
glazed
ceramic tiles, and/or enamel surfaces.
Background art
EP-A-0 017 149 discloses a liquid detergent composition comprising a nonionic
surfactant and a water-soluble nonionic, weak anionic or cationic polymer. A
composition comprising a homo or copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone in combination
with a polysaccharide polymer is not exemplified. Furthermore, a 'next-time'
cleaning benefit of the liquid detergent composition is not disclosed.
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EP-A-0 511 091 discloses hard-surface cleaning compositions, having a pH of
from 8.5 to 12.5, comprising a surfactant, an organic solvent, a sequestering
agent and optionally polyvinyl pyrrolidone. A composition comprising a homo or
copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone in combination with a polysaccharide polymer is
not disclosed.
EP-A-0 635 567 discloses a method of facilitating the removal of soil from a
solid
surface using a liquid composition comprising a material which is deposited on
the surface during washing and upon drying forms a layer adhered to said
surface, whereby the removal of soil contaminants from said surface is
facilitated. Such materials are film-forming polymeric materials preferred
polyvinyl pyrrolidone. A composition comprising a homo or copolymer of
vinylpyrrolidone in combination with a polysaccharide polymer is not
disclosed.
EP-A-0 467 472 discloses a hard-surface modifying composition comprising an
anti-soiling water-soluble anionic, cationic or nonionic polymer. Amongst the
anti-soiling water-soluble anionic, cationic or nonionic polymer, polyvinyl
pyrrolidone is disclosed. A composition comprising a homo or copolymer of
vinylpyrrolidone in combination with a polysaccharide polymer is not
disclosed.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to a liquid composition, having a pH of from 7
to
14, comprising a nonionic surfactant, a homo or copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone
and a polysaccharide polymer, with the proviso that said composition does not
comprise an amphoteric surfactant.
In a preferred embodiment, a solvent is added to said composition.
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In other preferred embodiments the homo or copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone is
vinylpyrrolidone homopolymer and the polysaccharide polymer is xanthan gum.
The present invention also encompasses a process of treating hard-surfaces,
wherein a liquid composition according to the present invention is applied
onto
said surfaces.
Detailed description of the invention
The liauid hard-surface cleaning composition
The compositions according to the present invention are designed as hard-
surface cleaners.
The liquid compositions according to the present invention are preferably
aqueous compositions. Therefore, they may comprise from 70% to 99%,
preferably from 75% to 95% and more preferably from 85% to 95% by weight of
the total composition of water.
The liquid compositions of the present invention have a neutral to alkaline
pH,
i.e., a pH of from 7 to 14, preferably from 7 to 12, more preferably from 7 to
10.
The compositions according to the present invention are advantageously
chemically stable, i.e., there are virtually no chemical reactions between the
different ingredients of the compositions, and physically stable, i.e., that
no
phase separation occurs when stored in rapid aging test (RAT), i.e., storage
at
50 °C for 10 days.
Nonionic surfactant
The first essential ingredient is a nonionic surfactant.
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Typically, the compositions according to the present invention comprise from
0.1 % to 20%, more preferably from 1 % to 10%, even more preferably from 1
to 7%, and most preferably from 1 % to 5% by weight of the total composition
of
a nonionic surfactant.
Suitable nonionic surfactants for use herein include a class of compounds,
which may be broadly defined as compounds produced by the condensation of
alkylene oxide groups (hydrophilic in nature) with an organic hydrophobic
compound, which may be branched or linear aliphatic (e.g., Guerbet or
secondary alcohol) or alkyl aromatic in nature. The length of the hydrophilic
or
polyoxyalkylene radical which is condensed with any particular hydrophobic
group can be readily adjusted to yield a water-soluble compound having the
desired degree of balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic elements.
Accordingly suitable nonionic synthetic detergents include
(i) The polyethylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols, e.g., the
condensation products of alkyl phenols having an alkyl group containing
from fi to 20 carbon atoms in either a straight chain or branched chain
configuration, preferably from 8 to 14, and more preferably from 8 to 12
carbon atoms, with ethylene oxide. Said ethylene oxide is typically present
in amounts of from 3 to 25, preferably from 10 to 25 moles of ethylene
oxide per mole of alkyl phenol. The alkyl substituent in such compounds
may be derived from polymerized propylene, diisobutylene, octane, and
nonane; Examples of this type of nonionic surfactants include Triton N-57~
a nonyl phenol ethoxylate (5E0) from Rohm & Haas and Imbentin 0200~
an octyl phenol ethoxylate (20E0) from KOLB.
(ii) Those derived from the condensation of ethylene oxide with the product
resulting from the reaction of propylene oxide and ethylene diamine
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products which may be varied in composition depending upon the balance
between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic elements which is desired.
Examples are compounds containing from 40% to 80% polyoxyethylene by
weight and having a molecular weight of from 5000 to 11000 resulting from
the reaction of ethylene oxide groups with a hydrophobic base constituted
of the reaction product of ethylene diamine and excess propylene oxide,
said base having a molecular weight of the order of 2500 to 3000.
Examples of this type of nonionic surfactants include certain of the
commercially available TetronicTM compounds, marketed by BASF.
(iii) The condensation product of aliphatic alcohols having from 2 to 24
carbon
atoms, in either straight chain or branched chain configuration, preferably
from 6 to 22, more preferably from 6 to 28, and even more preferably 8 to
18 carbon atoms, with from 2 to 35, preferably from 4 to 25, more
preferably from 5 to 18, and even more preferably 3 to 15 moles of
ethylene oxide. Examples of this type of material are a coconut alcohol
ethylene oxide condensate having from 5 to 18 moles of ethylene oxide per
mole of coconut alcohol, the coconut alcohol fraction having from 9 to 14
carbon atoms. Other examples of this type of nonionic surfactants include
certain of the commercially available Dobanol~, Neodol~ marketed by
Shell or Lutensol~ from BASF. For example Dobanol~ 23.5 (C12-C13
E05), Dobanol~ 91.5 (C9-C11 E05), Dobanol~ 91.8 (C9-C11 E08) and
Lutensol~ A030 (C12-C14 E030).
{iv) Trialkyl amine oxides and trialkyl phosphine oxides wherein one alkyl
group
ranges from 10 to 18 carbon atoms and two alkyl groups range from 1 to 3
carbon atoms; the alkyl groups can contain hydroxy substituents; specific
examples are dodecyl di(2-hydroxyethyl)amine oxide and tetradecyl
dimethyl phosphine oxide.
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(v) The condensation products of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic base
formed by the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol; The
hydrophobic portion of these compounds will preferably have a molecular
weight of from 1500 to 1800 and will exhibit water insolubility. The addition
of polyoxyethylene moieties to this hydrophobic portion tends to increase
the water solubility of the molecule as a whole, and the liquid character of
the product is retained up to the point where the polyoxyethylene content is
50% of the total weight of the condensation product, which corresponds to
condensation with up to 40 moles of ethylene oxide. Examples of
compounds of this type include certain of the commercially available
PluronicTM surfactants, marketed by BASF.
Aiso useful as a nonionic surfactant are the alkylpolysaccharides disclosed in
U.S. Patent 4,565,647, Llenado, issued January 21, 1986, having a hydrophobic
group containing from 6 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 10 to 16 carbon
atoms and polysaccharide, e.g., a polyglycoside, hydrophilic group containing
from 1.3 to 10, preferably from 1.3 to 3, most preferably from 1.3 to 2.7
saccharide units. Any reducing saccharide containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms can
be used, e.g., glucose, galactose, and galactosyl moieties can be substituted
for
the glucosyl moieties. (Optionally the hydrophobic group is attached at the 2-
, 3-,
4-, etc. positions thus giving a glucose or galactose as opposed to a
glucoside
or galactoside.) The intersaccharide bonds can be, e.g., between the one
position of the additional saccharide units and the 2-, 3-, 4-, andlor 6-
positions
of the preceding saccharide units.
Optionally, and less desirable, there can be a polyalkyleneoxide chain joining
the hydrophobic moiety and the polysaccharide moiety. The preferred
alkyleneoxide is ethylene oxide. Typical hydrophobic groups include alkyl
groups, either saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched containing
from 8 to 18, preferably from 10 to 16, carbon atoms. Preferably, the alkyl
group
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can contain up to 3 hydroxy groups and/or the polyalkyleneoxide chain can
contain up to 10, preferably less than 5, alkyleneoxide moieties. Suitable
alkyl
polysaccharides are octyl, nonyldecyl, undecyldodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl,
pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, and octadecyl, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-,
and
hexaglucosides, galactosides, lactosides, glucoses, fructosides, fructoses
andlor
galactoses. Suitable mixtures include coconut alkyl, di-, tri-, tetra-, and
pentaglucosides and tallow alkyl tetra-, penta-, and hexaglucosides.
The preferred alkylpolyglycosides have the formula:
R2O(CnH2n0)t(glucosyl)x
wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkylphenyl,
hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkylphenyl, and mixtures thereof in which the alkyl
groups
contain from 10 to 18, preferably from 12 to 14, carbon atoms; n is 2 or 3,
preferably 2; t is from 0 to 10, preferably 0; and x is from 1.3 to 10,
preferably
from 1.3 to 3, most preferably from 1.3 to 2.7. The glycosyl is preferably
derived
from glucose. To prepare these compounds, the alcohol or alkylpolyethoxy
alcohol is formed first and then reacted with glucose, or a source of glucose,
to
form the glucoside (attachment at the 1-position). The additional glycosyl
units
can then be attached between their 1-position and the preceding gfycosyi units
2-, 3-, 4- and/or 6- position, preferably predominantely the 2- position.
Other suitable nonionic surfactants for use herein include polyhydroxy fatty
acid
amides of the structural formula
O R1
(I) R2-C-N-Z
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wherein : R1 is H, C1-C4 hydrocarbyl, 2-hydroxy ethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, or a
mixture thereof, preferably C1-C4 alkyl, more preferably C1 or C2 alkyl, most
preferably C1 alkyl (i.e., methyl); and R2 is a C5-C31 hydrocarbyl, preferably
straight chain C7-C1g alkyl or alkenyl, more preferably straight chain Cg-C17
alkyl or alkenyl, most preferably straight chain C11-C17 alkyl or alkenyl, or
mixtures thereof; and Z is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl having a linear
hydrocarbyl
chain with at least 3 hydroxyls directly connected to the chain, or an
alkoxylated
derivative (preferably ethoxylated or propoxyiated) thereof. Z preferably will
be
derived from a reducing sugar in a reductive amination reaction; more
preferably
Z is a glycityl. Suitable reducing sugars include glucose, fructose, maltose,
lactose, galactose, mannose, and xylose. As raw materials, high dextrose corn
syrup can be utilized as well as the individual sugars listed above. These
corn
syrups may yield a mix of sugar components for Z. It should be understood that
it is by no means intended to exclude other suitable raw materials. Z
preferably
will be selected from the group consisting of -CH2-(CHOH)n-CH20H, -
CH(CH20H)-(CHOH)n_1-CHZOH, -CH2-(CHOH)2(CHOR')(CHOH)-CH20H,
where n is an integer from 3 to 5, inclusive, and R' is H or a cyclic or
aliphatic
monosaccharide, and alkoxylated derivatives thereof. Most preferred are
glycityls wherein n is 4, particularly -CH2-(CHOH)4-CH20H.
In Formula (I), R1 can be, for example, N-methyl, N-ethyl, N-propyl, N-
isopropyl,
N-butyl, N-2-hydroxy ethyl, or N-2-hydroxy propyl.
R2-CO-N< can be, for example, cocamide, stearamide, oleamide, lauramide,
myristamide, capricamide, palmitamide, tallowamide, etc.
Z can be 1-deoxyglucityl, 2-deoxyfructityl, 1-deoxymaltityl, 1-deoxylactityl,
1-
deoxygalactityl, 1-deoxymannityl, 1-deoxymaltotriotityl, etc.
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Other suitable nonionic surfactants for use herein include the amine oxides
corresponding to the formula:
RR'R"N-a0
wherein R is a primary alkyl group containing from 6 to 24 carbons, preferably
from 10 to 18 carbons, and wherein R' and R" are, each, independently, an
alkyl
group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The arrow in the formula is a
conventional
representation of a semi-polar bond. The preferred amine oxides are those in
which the primary alkyl group has a straight chain in at least most of the
molecules, generally at least 70%, preferably at least 90% of the molecules,
and
the amine oxides which are especially preferred are those in which R contains
from 10 to 18 carbons and R' and R" are both methyl. Exemplary of the
preferred amine oxides are the N-hexyldimethylamine oxide, N-
octyldimethylamine oxide, N-decyldimethylamine oxide, N-dodecyl
dimethylamine oxide, N-tetradecyldimethylamine oxide, N-hexadecyl
dimethylamine oxide, N-octadecyldimethylamine oxide, N-eicosyldimethylamine
oxide, N-docosyldimethylamine oxide, N-tetracosyl dimethylamine oxide, the
corresponding amine oxides in which one or both of the methyl groups are
replaced with ethyl or 2-hydroxyethyl groups and mixtures thereof. A most
preferred amine oxide for use herein is N-decyldimethylamine oxide.
Other suitable nonionic surfactants for the purpose of the invention are the
phosphine or sulfoxide surfactants of formula:
R R' R" ADO
wherein A is phosphorus or sulfur atom, R is a primary alkyl group containing
6-
24 carbons, preferably 10-18 carbons, and wherein R' and R" are, each,
independently selected from methyl, ethyl and 2-hydroxyethyl. The arrow in the
formula is a conventional representation of a semi-polar bond.
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In a preferred embodiment herein suitable nonionic surfactants to be used are
polyethylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols, polyethylene oxide
condensates of alkyl alcohols, alkyipolysaccharides, or mixtures thereof.
Highly
preferred are Cg-C20, preferably Cg-C12 alkyl phenol ethoxylates having from 3
to 25, preferably 10 to 25 ethoxy groups and C2-C24, preferably Cg-C1g alcohol
ethoxylates having from 2 to 35, preferably from 4 to 25, more preferably from
5
to 18 and most preferably from 3 to 15 ethylene oxide units, and mixtures
thereof.
Vinyipyrrolidone homopolymer or copolymer
The liquid compositions of the present invention comprise as a second
essential
ingredient a vinylpyrrolidone homopolymer or copolymer. Typically, the
compositions of the present invention comprise from 0.01 % to 5%, more
preferably from 0.05% to 3% and most preferably from 0.05% to 1 % by weight of
the total composition of a vinylpyrrolidone homopolymer or copolymer.
Suitable vinylpyrrolidone homopolymers for use herein are homopolymers of N-
vinylpyrrolidone having the following repeating monomer:
H
I
i -CH2
N
H2 C~ ~C=O
H2 C- CH2
n
wherein n (degree of polymerisation) is an integer of from 10 to 1,000,000,
preferably from 20 to 100,000, and more preferably from 20 to 10,000.
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Accordingly, suitable vinylpyrrolidone homopolymers ("PVP") for use herein
have
an average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 100,000,000, preferably from
2,000 to 10,000,000, more preferably from 5,000 to 1,000,000, and most
preferably from 50,000 to 500,000.
Suitable vinylpyrrolidone homopolymers are commercially available from ISP
Corporation, New York, NY and Montreal, Canada under the product names
PVP K-15~ (viscosity molecular weight of 10,000), PVP K-30~ (average
molecular weight of 40,000), PVP K-60~ (average molecular weight of 160,000),
and PVP K-90~ (average molecular weight of 360,000). Other suitable
vinylpyrrolidone homopolymers which are commercially available from BASF
Cooperation include Sokalan HP 165~, Sokalan HP 12~,
Luviskol K30~, Luviskol K60~, Luviskol K80~, Luviskol K90~ and other
vinylpyrrolidone homopolymers known to persons skilled in the detergent field
(see for example EP-A-262,897 and EP-A-256,696).
Suitable copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone for use herein include copolymers of N-
vinylpyrrolidone and alkylenically unsaturated monomers or mixtures thereof.
The alkylenically unsaturated monomers of the copolymers herein include
unsaturated dicarboxylic acids such as malefic acid, chloromaleic acid,
fumaric
acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, phenylmaleic acid, aconitic acid,
acrylic acid,
N-vinylimidazole and vinyl acetate. Any of the anhydrides of the unsaturated
acids may be employed, for example acrylate, methacrylate. Aromatic
monomers like styrene, sulphonated styrene, alpha-methyl styrene, vinyl
toluene, t-butyl styrene and similar well-known monomers may be used.
The molecular weight of the copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone is not especially
critical so tong as the copolymer is water-soluble, has some surface activity
and
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is adsorbed to the hard-surface from the liquid composition comprising it in
such
a manner as to increase the hydrophilicity of the surface. However, the
preferred
copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and alkylenically unsaturated monomers or
mixtures thereof, have a molecular weight of between 1,000 and 1,000,000,
preferably between 10,000 and 500,000 and more preferably between 10,000
and 200,000.
For example particularly suitable N-vinylimidazole N-vinylpyrrolidone polymers
for use herein have an average molecular weight range from 5,000 to 1,000,000,
preferably from 5,000 to 500,000, and more preferably from 10,000 to 200,000.
The average molecular weight range was determined by light scattering.
Such copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and alkylenically unsaturated monomers
like PVPlvinyl acetate copolymers are commercially available under the trade
name Luviskol~ series from BASF.
The copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone for use in the compositions of the present
invention also include quaternized or unquatemized vinylpyrrolidone/
dialkyfaminoalkyl acrylate or methacrylate copolymers.
Such vinyipyrrolidone/dialkyiaminoalkyl acrylate or methacryiate copolymers
(quaternised or unquaternised) suitable to be used in the compositions of the
present invention are according to the following formula:
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N i Ri
CH-C -C
m
~C-O Y +
O'-R2-N ~R3)z~.X
in which n is between 20 and 99 and preferably between 40 and 90 mol% and m
is between 1 and 80 and preferably between 5 and 40 mol%; R1 represents H or
CH3; y denotes 0 or 1; R2 is -CH2-CHOH-CH2- or CXH2x, in which x=2 to 18;
R3 represents a lower alkyl group of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably
methyl
or ethyl, or
CHZ
R4 denotes a lower alkyl group of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably methyl
or
ethyl; X- is chosen from the group consisting of CI, Br, I, 1/2S04, HS04 and
CH3S03. The polymers can be prepared by the process described in French
Pat. Nos. 2,077,143 and 2,393,573.
The preferred quaternized or unquaternized vinylpyrrolidone/dialkylaminoalkyl
acrylate or methacrylate copolymers for use hereiri have a molecular weight of
between 1,000 and 1,000,000, preferably between 10,000 and 500,000 and
more preferably between 10,000 and 100,000.
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Such vinylpyrrolidone/dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate or methacrylate copolymers
are
commercially available under the name copolymer 845~, Gafquat 734~, or
Gafquat 755~ from ISP Corporation, New York, NY and Montreal, Canada or
from BASF under the tradename Luviquat~.
Preferred second essential ingredient for use herein are the vinylpyrrolidone
homopolymers.
Polysaccharide polymer
The liquid compositions of the present invention comprise as a third essential
ingredient a polysaccharide polymer. Typically, the compositions of the
present
invention comprise from 0.01 % to 5%, more preferably from 0.05% to 3% and
most preferably from 0.05 % to 1 % by weight of the total composition of a
polysaccharide polymer.
Suitable polysaccharide polymers for use herein include substituted cellulose
materials like carboxymethylcellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl
cellulose,
hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, succinoglycan and naturally
occurring polysaccharide polymers like xanthan gum, guar gum, locust bean
gum, tragacanth gum or derivatives thereof, or mixtures thereof.
Particularly suitable polysaccharide polymers for use herein are xanthan gum
and derivatives thereof. Xanthan gum and derivatives thereof may be
commercially available for instance from Kelco under the trade name Keltrol RD
~, Kelzan SCE or Kelzan T~. Other suitable Xanthan gum is commercially
available by Rhone Poulenc under the trade name Rhodopol T~ and Rhodigel
X747~. Succinoglycan gum for use herein is commercially available by Rhone
Poulenc under the trade name Rheozan ~.
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The present invention is based on the finding that the vinylpyrrolidone
homopolymers or copolymers and polysaccharide polymers present in the
compositions of the present invention are able to modify the surface by
depositing on the surface treated therewith. Although not wishing to be bound
by
theory, it has been observed that hard-surfaces typically found in a household
are neither highly hydrophobic nor highly hydrophilic. This means that, when
water comes into contact with hard-surfaces, its dispersion, which is
controlled
by interfacial energy (i.e., solid/liquid surface tension), is very limited.
Indeed, it
has been observed that the most stable configuration for the water is grouping
into spherical droplets rather than forming a thin film uniformly spread over
the
surface. Then, as water droplets evaporate, their content of salt
progressively
becomes higher and higher so that carbonate salts eventually precipitate
resulting in watermarks or even limescale deposits. The end result is a
reduction
of surface shine.
It has now been found that when the vinylpyrrolidone homopolymers or
copolymers as described herein are added into liquid compositions, having a
neutral to alkaline pH, a hydrophilic layer is left on the hard-surface
treated with
said composition. The hydrophilic layer facilitates the formation of a uniform
film
of water spread over the surface ("sheeting effect") instead of forming
droplets. It
has further been found that when the polysaccharide polymers as described
herein are added into liquid compositions, having a neutral to alkaline pH,
comprising the vinylpyrrolidone homopolymers or copolymers, the hydrophilic
modification of the surface treated therewith is enhanced and the quality of
said
sheeting effect is magnified resulting in a further improved shine benefit
delivered to the treated surface. Furthermore, it has surprisingly been found
that
the presence of a nonionic surfactant in addition to these two polymers in a
composition, having a neutral to alkaline pH, results in an improved
adsorption
of the vinylpyrrolidone homopolymers or copolymers onto the treated hard-
surfaces and therefore further magnifies the sheeting effect, resulting in an
even
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further improved shine benefit delivered to the treated surface ("shine
benefit").
Thus, by modifying the surface features as indicated, the formation of
watermarks and/or limescale deposits upon drying is reduced or even
eliminated.
Furthermore, it has surprisingly been found that the vinylpyrrolidone
homopolymers or copolymers and polysaccharide polymers have not only the
ability to adhere to a surface treated with the liquid compositions of the
present
invention comprising the same, but still remain adhered on the surface even
after several cycles of rinsing (e.g., when water comes onto this surface
later on
for example in a sink during daily household operation), thus providing long
lasting protection against formation of watermarks and/or deposition of
limescale
deposits, hence, long lasting shiny surfaces ("long lasting shine benefit").
Additionally, the hydrophilic layer reduces adhesion of soils onto said hard-
surface treated with the composition according to the present invention and/or
facilitate removal of soils subsequently deposited thereon. Thus, less effort
(e.g.,
less scrubbing and/or less wiping and/or less chemical action) is required to
remove the soils in the next cleaning operation ("'next-time' cleaning
benefit"), as
compared to the cleaning of a similarly soiled hard-surface which has been
first
treated with the same composition but wherein one of the essential ingredients
is absent.
More particularly, it has surprisingly been found that there is a synergistic
effect
on 'next-time' cleaning performance associated with the use of a
vinylpyrrolidone
hornopolymer or copolymer and a polysaccharide polymer, as defined herein.
Indeed, the 'next-time' cleaning performance delivered by the use of a
vinylpyrrolidone homopolymer or copolymer and a polysaccharide polymer, as
defined herein, in a liquid composition, is superior to the 'next-time'
cleaning
performance delivered by, e.g., the same composition comprising only one of
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those ingredients at the same total level of anti-resoiling ingredients.
Furthermore, it has surprisingly been found that the addition of a nonionic
surfactant in addition to the combination of said two polymers in a liquid
composition, having a neutral to alkaline pH, further enhances the improved
'next-time' cleaning benefit delivered by a composition, having a neutral to
alkaline pH, comprising said two polymers, as described herein, in absence of
the nonionic surfactant.
An additional advantage related to the use of the vinylpyrrolidone
homopolymers
or copolymers and polysaccharide polymers, in the compositions herein, is that
as they adhere on the hard-surfaces making them more hydrophilic, the surfaces
themselves become smoother (this can be perceived by touching said surfaces)
and this contributes to convey perception of the surfaces as being perfectly
descaled.
Advantageously, these benefits are obtained at low levels of vinylpyrrolidone
homopolymers or copolymers and polysaccharide polymers, preferably xanthan
gum or derivatives thereof, described herein, thus, it is yet another
advantage of
the present invention to provide the desired benefits at low cost.
Optional ingredients
The liquid compositions according to the present invention may comprise a
variety of optional ingredients depending on the technical benefit aimed for
and
the surface treated.
Suitable optional ingredients for use herein include a source of alkalinity, a
solvent, other surfactants than nonionic or amphoteric surfactants, a builder,
a
chelant, a buffer, a bactericide, a hydrotrope, a colorant, a stabilizer, a
radical
scavenger, a bleach, a bleach activator, a preservative, a suds controlling
agent
like a fatty acid, an enzyme, a soil suspender, a dye transfer agent, a
brightener,
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an anti dusting agent, a dispersant, a dye transfer inhibitor, a pigment, an
acid, a
dye and/or a perfume.
Source of alkalinity
The liquid compositions of the present invention have a neutral to alkaline
pH.
Thus, they may comprise as a highly preferred optional ingredient a source of
alkalinity.
The amount of said source of alkalinity herein may vary depending on the
amount of other ingredients. Preferred liquid compositions herein may comprise
up to 10%, preferably of from 0.1 % to 10%, more preferably of from 0.2% to 8%
and even more preferably from 0.2% to 6% by weight of the total composition of
a source of alkalinity.
Suitable sources of alkalinity for use herein are the caustic alkalis such as
sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and/or lithium hydroxide, and/or the
alkali metal oxides such as sodium and/or potassium oxide. A preferred strong
source of alkalinity is a caustic alkali, more preferably sodium hydroxide
and/or
potassium hydroxide.
Other suitable sources of alkalinity include ammonia, ammonium carbonate and
hydrogen carbonate.
Solvent
The compositions of the present invention may further comprise a solvent, as a
highly preferred optional ingredient. Solvents to be used herein include all
those
known to the those skilled in the art of hard-surfaces cleaner compositions.
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Solvents are desired herein because they contribute to the greasy soils
cleaning
performance of the composition herein, they also improve the wettability of
the
surfaces being treated with said composition to maximize the polymers
adsorption on the treated surface, with consequent improved sheeting effect
and
therefore even enhances the advantages of the present invention, described
herein.
Suitable solvents for use herein include ethers and diethers having from 4 to
14
carbon atoms, preferably from fi to 12 carbon atoms, and more preferably from
8
to 10 carbon atoms, glycols or alkoxylated glycols, alkoxylated aromatic
alcohols, aromatic alcohols, aliphatic branched alcohols, alkoxylated
aliphatic
branched alcohols, alkoxylated linear C,-C5 alcohols, linear C,-C5 alcohols,
C8
C,4 alkyl and cycloalkyl hydrocarbons and halohydrocarbons, C6 C,6 glycol
ethers and mixtures thereof.
Suitable glycols to be used herein are according to the formula HO-CR1 R2-OH
wherein R1 and R2 are independently H or a C2 C,o saturated or unsaturated
aliphatic hydrocarbon chain and/or cyclic. Suitable glycols to be used herein
are
dodecaneglycol and/or propanediol.
Suitable alkoxylated glycols to be used herein are according to the formula R-
(A)n-R1-OH wherein R is H, OH, a linear saturated or unsaturated alkyl of from
1
to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 15 and more preferably from 2 to 10,
wherein R1 is a linear saturated or unsaturated alkyl of from 1 to 20 carbon
atoms, preferably from 2 to 15 and more preferably from 2 to 10, and A is an
alkoxy group preferably ethoxy, methoxy, and/or propoxy and n is from 1 to 5,
preferably 1 to 2. Suitable alkoxylated glycols to be used herein are methoxy
octadecanol and/or ethoxyethoxyethanol.
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Suitable alkoxylated aromatic alcohols to be used herein are according to the
formula R-(A)n-OH wherein R is an alkyl substituted or non-alkyl substituted
aryl
group of from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 15 and more
preferably
from 2 to 10, wherein A is an alkoxy group preferably butoxy, propoxy and/or
ethoxy, and n is an integer of from 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 2. Suitable
alkoxylated
aromatic alcohols are benzoxyethanol and/or benzoxypropanol.
Suitable aromatic alcohols to be used herein are according to the formula R-OH
wherein R is an alkyl substituted or non-alkyl substituted aryl group of from
1 to
20 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 15 and more preferably from 1 to 10. For
example a suitable aromatic alcohol to be used herein is benzyl alcohol
Suitable aliphatic branched alcohols to be used herein are according to the
formula R-OH wherein R is a branched saturated or unsaturated alkyl group of
from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 15 and more preferably from 5
to 12. Particularly suitable aliphatic branched alcohols to be used herein
include
2-ethylbutanol and/or 2-methylbutanol.
Suitable alkoxylated aliphatic branched alcohols to be used herein are
according
to the formula R-(A)n-OH wherein R is a branched saturated or unsaturated
alkyl
group of from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 15 and more
preferably
from 5 to 12, wherein A is an alkoxy group preferably butoxy, propoxy and/or
ethoxy, and n is an integer of from 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 2. Suitable
alkoxylated
aliphatic branched alcohols include 1-methylpropoxyethanol and/or 2-
methylbutoxyethanol.
Suitable alkoxylated linear C,-CS alcohols to be used herein are according to
the
formula R-{A)n-OH wherein R is a linear saturated or unsaturated alkyl group
of
from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 4, wherein A is an alkoxy group
preferably butoxy, propoxy andlor ethoxy, and n is an integer of from 1 to 5,
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preferably 1 to 2. Suitable alkoxylated aliphatic linear C,-C5 alcohols are
butoxy
propoxy propanol (n-BPP), butoxyethanol, butoxypropanol, ethoxyethanol or
mixtures thereof. Butoxy propoxy propanol is commercially available under the
trade name n-BPP~ from Dow chemical.
Suitable linear C,-C5 alcohols to be used herein are according to the formula
R-
OH wherein R is a linear saturated or unsaturated alkyl group of from 1 to 5
carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 4. Suitable linear C,-C5 alcohols are
methanol, ethanol, propanol or mixtures thereof.
Other suitable solvents include butyl diglycol ether (BDGE), butyltriglycol
ether,
ter amilic alcohol and the like. Particularly preferred solvents to be used
herein
are butoxy propoxy propanol, butyl diglycol ether, benzyl alcohol,
butoxypropanol, ethanol, methanol, isopropanol and mixtures thereof.
The preferred solvent for use herein is butoxy propoxy propanol (n-BPP).
Typically, the compositions of the present invention comprise from 0.1 % to
8%,
preferably from 0.5% to 5% and more preferably from 1 % to 3% by weight of the
total composition of a solvent.
Additional surfactant
The liquid compositions of the present invention may preferably comprise an
additional surfactant, in addition to the nonionic surfactant already
described
herein. Additional surfactants may be desired herein as they further
contribute to
the cleaning performance andlor shine benefit of the compositions of the
present
invention. Surfactants to be used herein include cationic surfactants, anionic
surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof. The compositions
according to the present invention do not comprise an amphoteric surfactant.
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Accordingly, the compositions according to the present invention may comprise
up to 15%, more preferably from 0.5% to 8%, even more preferably from 0.5% to
8%, and most preferably 0.5% to 8% by weight of the total composition of
another surfactant in addition to the nonionic surfactant already described
herein.
Preferred surfactants for use herein are zwitterionic surfactants. Indeed,
they
provide excellent grease cleaning ability to the compositions of the present
invention.
Suitable zwitterionic surfactants for use herein contain both basic and acidic
groups which form an inner salt giving both cationic and anionic hydrophilic
groups on the same molecule at a relatively wide range of pH's. The typical
cationic group is a quaternary ammonium group, although other positively
charged groups like phosphonium, imidazolium and sulfonium groups can be
used. The typical anionic hydrophilic groups are carboxylates and sulfonates,
although other groups like sulfates, phosphonates, and the like can be used.
A generic formula for preferred zwitterionic surfactants for use herein (i.e.,
betaine andlor sulfobetaine) is
R1'N+(R2)(R3)R4X_
wherein R1 is a hydrophobic group; R2 is hydrogen, C1-Cg alkyl, hydroxy alkyl
or other substituted C1-Cg alkyl group; Rg is C1-Cg alkyl, hydroxy alkyl or
other
substituted C1-Cg alkyl group which can also be joined to R2 to form ring
structures with the N, or a C1-C6 carboxylic acid group or a C1-C6 sulfonate
group; R4 is a moiety joining the cationic nitrogen atom to the hydrophilic
group
and is typically an alkylene, hydroxy alkylene, or polyalkoxy group containing
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from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and X is the hydrophilic group which is a
carboxylate
or sulfonate group, preferably sulfonate group.
Preferred hydrophobic groups R1 are aliphatic or aromatic, saturated or
unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon chains that can contain
linking groups such as amido groups, ester groups. More preferred R1 is an
alkyl group containing from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably from 8 to 18, and
more preferably from 10 to 16. These simple alkyl groups are preferred for
cost
and stability reasons. However, the hydrophobic group R1 can also be an amido
radical of the formula Ra-C(O)-NRb-(C(Rc)2)m, wherein Ra is an aliphatic or
aromatic, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon
chain containing from 8 up to 20 carbon atoms, preferably an alkyl group
containing from 8 up to 20 carbon atoms, preferably up to 18, more preferably
up to 16, Rb is either a hydrogen a short chain alkyl or substituted alkyl
containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably a group selected from the
group
consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, hydroxy substituted ethyl or propyl and
mixtures thereof, more preferably methyl or hydrogen, Rc is selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen and hydroxy groups, and m is from 1 to 4,
preferably from 2 to 3, more preferably 3, with no more than one hydroxy group
in any (C{Rc)2) moiety.
Preferred R2 is hydrogen, or an alkyl or substituted alkyl containing from 1
to 4
carbon atoms, preferably a group selected from the group consisting of methyl,
ethyl, propyl, hydroxy substituted ethyl or propyl and mixtures thereof, more
preferably methyl. Preferred R3 is a C1-C4 carboxylic acid group, a C1-C4
sulfonate group, or an alkyl or substituted alkyl containing from 1 to 4
carbon
atoms, preferably a group selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl,
propyl, hydroxy substituted ethyl or propyl and mixtures thereof, more
preferably
CA 02340979 2004-04-13
26
methyl. Preferred R4 is (CH2)n wherein n is an integer from 1 to 10,
preferably
from 1 to 6, more preferably is from 1 to 3.
Some common examples of betaine/sulphobetaine are described in U.S. Pat.
Nos. 2,082,275, 2,702,279 and 2,255,082.
Examples of particularly suitable alkyldimethyl betaines include coconut-
dimethyl
betaine, lauryl dimethyl betaine, decyl dimethyl betaine, 2-(N-decyl-N, N-
dimethyl-ammonia)acetate, 2-(N-coco N, N-dimethylammonio) acetate, myristyl
dimethyl betaine, palmityl dimethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyi betaine, stearyl
dimethyl betaine. For example Coconut dimethyl betaine is commercially
available from Seppic under the trade name of Amonyl 265~. Lauryl betaine is
commercially available from Albright ~ Wilson under the trade name Empigen
BB/L~.
A further example of betaine is Lauryl-immino-dipropionate commercially
available from Rhone-Poulenc under the trade name Mirataine H2C-HA ~.
Particularly preferred zwitterionic surfactants for use in the compositions of
the
present invention are the sulfobetaine surfactants as they deliver optimum
grease cleaning benefits.
Examples of particularly suitable sulfobetaine surfactants include tallow
bis(hydroxyethyl) sulphobetaine, cocoamido propyl hydroxy sulfobetaines which
are commercially available from Rhone Poulenc and Witco, under the trade
name of Mirataine CBS~ and Rewoteric AM CAS 15~ respectively.
Further examples of amidobetaines/amidosulfobetaine include
cocoamidoethylbetaine, cocoamidopropyl betaine or C,o-C" fatty
acylamidopropylene(hydropropyiene)sulfobetaine. For example C,o-C,4 fatty
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27
acylamidopropylene(hydropropylene)sulfobetaine is commercially available from
Sherex Company under the trade name "Varion CAS~ sulfobetaine".
Suitable amines for use herein are according to the following formula RR'R"N
wherein R is a saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted, linear
or
branched alkyl groups containing from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and preferably
from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and wherein R' and R" are independently saturated
or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched alkyl groups
containing from 1 to 30 carbon atoms or hydrogen. Particularly preferred
amines
to be used according to the present invention are amines having the following
formula RR'R"N wherein R is a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched
alkyl group containing from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 8 to 20
carbon
atoms, more preferably from 6 to 16, most preferably from 8 to 14 and wherein
R' and R" are independently substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched
alkyl groups containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 3
carbon
atoms, and more preferably are methyl groups, or mixtures thereof.
Suitable amines for use herein are for instance C,2 dimethyl amine, coconut
dimethyl amine, C,z C,6 dimethyl amine. Said amines may be commercially
available from Hoechst under the trade name Genamin~, AKZO under the trade
name Aromox~ or Fina under the trade name Radiamine~.
Suitable quaternary ammonium surfactants for use herein are according to the
formula R1 R2R3R4N+ X-, wherein X is a counteranion such as halogen, methyl
sulphate, methyl sulphonate, or hydroxide, R1 is a saturated or unsaturated,
substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1
to
30 carbon atoms, preferably from 12 to 20, more preferably from 8 to 20 and
R2,
R3 and R4 are independently hydrogen, or saturated or unsaturated, substituted
or unsubstituted, linear or branched alkyl groups containing from 1 to 4
carbon
atoms, preferably from 1 to 3 and more preferably methyl. In highly preferred
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28
quaternary ammonium surfactants herein R1 is a C10-C1g hydrocarbon chain,
most preferably C12, C14,, or Clg, and R2, R3 and R4 are all three methyl, and
X is halogen, preferably bromide or chloride, most preferably bromide.
Examples of quaternary ammonium surfactants are myristyl trimethylammonium
methyl sulphate, cetyl trimethylammonium methyl sulphate, lauryl trimethyl
ammonium bromide, stearyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (STAB), cetyl trimethyl
ammonium bromide (CTAB) and myristyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (MTAB).
Highly preferred herein are lauryl trimethyl ammonium salts. Such trimethyl
quaternary ammonium surfactants may be commercially available from Hoechst,
or from Albright & Wilson under the trade name Empigen CM~.
Cationic surfactants suitable for use in compositions of the present invention
are
those having a long-chain hydrocarbyl group. Examples of such cationic
surfactants include the ammonium surfactants such as alkyldimethylammonium
halogenides, and those surtactants having the formula:
[R2(OR3)yl[R4(OR3)yJ2R5N+X_
wherein R2 is an alkyl or alkyl benzyl group having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms
in
the alkyl chain, each R3 is selected from the group consisting of -CH2CH2-, -
CH2CH(CH3)-, -CH2CH(CH20H)-, -CH2CH2CH2-, and mixtures thereof; each
R4 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 hydroxyalkyi,
benzyl ring structures formed by joining the two R4 groups, -CH2CHOH-
CHOHCOR6CHOHCH20H wherein R6 is any hexose or hexose polymer having
a molecular weight less than 1000, and hydrogen when y is not 0; R5 is the
same as R4 or is an alkyl chain wherein the total number of carbon atoms of R2
CA 02340979 2004-04-13
29
plus R5 is not more than 18; each y is from 0 to 10 and the sum of the y
values
is from 0 to 15; and X is any compatible anion.
Other cationic surfactants useful herein are also described in U.S. Patent
4,228,044, Cambre, issued October 14, 1980.
Suitable anionic surfactants for use herein are all those commonly known by
those skilled in the art. Preferably, the anionic surfactants for use herein
include
alkyl sulphonates, alkyl aryl sulphonates, alkyl sulphates, alkyl alkoxylated
sulphates, C6-C20 alkyl alkoxylated linear or branched Biphenyl oxide
disulphonates, or mixtures thereof.
Suitable alkyl sulphonates for use herein include water-soluble salts or acids
of
the formula RS03M wherein R is a C6-C20 linear or branched, saturated or
unsaturated alkyl group, preferably a Cg-C1g alkyl group and more preferably a
C10-C16 alkyl group, and M is H or a cation; e.g., an alkali metal cation
(e.g.,
sodium, potassium, lithium), or ammonium or substituted ammonium (e.g.,
methyl-, dimethyl-, and trimethyl ammonium cations and quaternary ammonium
cations, such as tetramethyl-ammonium and dimethyl piperdinium cations and
quaternary ammonium cations derived from alkylamines such as ethylamine,
diethylamine, triethylamine, and mixtures thereof, and the like).
Suitable alkyl aryl sulphonates for use herein include water-soluble salts or
acids
of the formula RSOgM wherein R is an aryl, preferably a benzyl, substituted by
a
C6-C2b linear or branched saturated or unsaturated alkyl group, preferably a
Cg-C1g alkyl group and more preferably a C10-C16 alkyl group, and M is H or a
cation, e.g., an alkali metal cation (e.g.; sodium, potassium, lithium,
calcium,
magnesium and the like) or ammonium or substituted ammonium (e.g., methyl-,
dirnethyl-, and trimethyi ammonium cations and quaternary ammonium cations,
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such as tetramethyl-ammonium and dimethyl piperdinium cations and
quaternary ammonium cations derived from alkylamines such as ethylamine,
diethylamine, triethylamine, and mixtures thereof, and the like).
By "secondary Cs-C2o alkyl or C6 C2o alkyl aryl sulphonates", it is meant
herein
that in the formula as defined above, the S03M or aryl-S03M group is linked to
a
carbon atom of the alkyl chain being placed between two other carbons of the
said alkyl chain (secondary carbon atom).
An example of a C,4 C,6 alkyl sulphonate is Hostapur~ SAS available from
Hoechst. An example of commercially available alkyl aryl sulphonate is Lauryl
aryl sulphonate from Su.Ma.. Particularly preferred alkyl aryl sulphonates are
alkyl benzene sulphonates commercially available under trade name Nansa~
available from Albright&Wilson.
Suitable alkyl sulphate surfactants for use herein are according to the
formula
R~ S04M wherein R~ represents a hydrocarbon group selected from the group
consisting of straight or branched alkyl radicals containing from 6 to 20
carbon
atoms and alkyl phenyl radicals containing from 6 to 18 carbon atoms in the
alkyl
group. M is H or a cation, e.g., an alkali metal cation (e.g., sodium,
potassium,
lithium, calcium, magnesium and the like) or ammonium or substituted
ammonium (e.g., methyl-, dimethyl-, and trimethyl ammonium cations and
quaternary ammonium cations, such as tetramethyl-ammonium and dimethyl
piperdinium cations and quaternary ammonium cations derived from alkylamines
such as ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, and mixtures thereof, and the
'
like).
By "linear alkyl sulphate or sulphonate" it is meant herein a non-substituted
alkyl
sulphate or sulphonate wherein the alkyl chain comprises from 6 to 20 carbon
atoms, preferably from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, and more preferably from 10 to 16
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carbon atoms, and wherein this alkyl chain is sulphated or sulphonated at one
terminus.
By "branched sulphonate or sulphate", it is meant herein an alkyl chain having
from 6 to 20 total carbon atoms, preferably from 8 to 18 total carbon atoms,
and
more preferably from 10 to 16 total carbon atoms, wherein the main alkyl chain
is substituted by at least another alkyl chain, and wherein the alkyl chain is
sulphated or sulphonated at one terminus.
Particularly preferred branched alkyl sulphates to be used herein are those
containing from 10 to 14 total carbon atoms like Isalchem 123 AS~. Isalchem
123 AS~ commercially available from Enichem is a C,2_,3 surtactant which is
94% branched. This material can be described as CH3 (CH2)m CH(CH20S03Na)-
(CH2)~ CH3 where n+m=8-9. Also preferred alkyl sulphates are the alkyl
sulphates where the alkyl chain comprises a total of 12 carbon atoms, i.e.,
sodium 2-butyl octyl sulphate. Such alkyl sulphate is commercially available
from
Condea under the trade name Isofol~ 12S. Particularly suitable liner alkyl
sulphonates include C,2 C,g paraffin sulphonate like Hostapur~ SAS
commercially available from Hoechst.
Suitable alkyl alkoxylated sulphate surfactants for use herein are according
to
the formula RO(A)mS03M wherein R is an unsubstituted Cg-C20 alkyl or
hydroxyalkyl group having a Cg-C2p alkyl component, preferably a C12-C20
alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, more preferably C12-C1g alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, A is an
ethoxy or propoxy unit, m is greater than zero, typically between 0.5 and 6,
more
preferably between 0.5 and 3, and M is H or a cation which can be, for
example,
a metal cation (e.g., sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, etc.),
ammonium or substituted-ammonium cation. Alkyl ethoxylated sulfates as well
as alkyl propoxylated sulfates are contemplated herein. Specific examples of
substituted ammonium cations include methyl-, dimethyl-, trimethyl-ammonium
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and quaternary ammonium rations, such as tetramethyl-ammonium, dimethyl
piperdinium and rations derived from alkanolamines such as ethylamine,
diethylamine, triethylamine, mixtures thereof, and the like. Exemplary
surfactants
are C12-C1g alkyl polyethoxylate (1.0) sulfate, C12-C18E(1.0)M), C12-C1g alkyl
polyethoxylate (2.25) sulfate, C12-C18E(2.25)M), C12-C1g alkyl polyethoxylate
(3.0) sulfate C12-C18E(3.0), and C12-C1g alkyl polyethoxylate (4.0) sulfate
C12-C18E(4.0)M), wherein M is conveniently selected from sodium and
potassium.
Suitable Cg-C20 alkyl alkoxylated linear or branched diphenyl oxide
disulphonate surfactants for use herein are according to the following
formula:
-R
S03-X+ spa-X+
wherein R is a Cg-C20 linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl
group,
preferably a C12-C1g alkyl group and more preferably a C14-C16 alkyl group,
and X+ is H or a ration, e.g., an alkali metal ration (e.g., sodium,
potassium,
lithium, calcium, magnesium and the like). Particularly suitable Cg-C20 alkyl
alkoxylated linear or branched Biphenyl oxide disulphonate surfactants to be
used herein are the C12 branched di phenyl oxide disulphonic acid and C16
linear di phenyl oxide disulphonate sodium salt respectively commercially
available by DOW under the trade name Dowfax 2A1 ~ and Dowfax 8390~.
Other anionic surfactants useful herein include salts (including, for example,
sodium, potassium, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts such as mono-
di- and triethanolamine salts) of soap, Cg-C24 olefinsulfonates, sulphonated
CA 02340979 2004-04-13
33
polycarboxylic acids prepared by sulphonation of the pyrolyzed product of
alkaline earth metal citrates, e.g., as described in British patent
specification No.
1,082,179, Cg-C2~ afkylpolyglycolethersulfates (containing up to 10 moles of
ethylene oxide); alkyl ester sulfonates such as C14-16 methyl ester
sulfonates;
acyl glycerol sulfonates, fatty oleyl glycerol sulfates, alkyl phenol ethylene
oxide
ether sulfates, alkyl phosphates, isethionates such as the acyl isethionates,
N-
acyl taurates, alkyl succinamates and sulfosuccinates, monoesters of
sulfosuccinate (especially saturated and unsaturated C 12-C 1 g monoesters)
diesters of sulfosuccinate (especially saturated and unsaturated Cg-C14
diesters), acyl sarcosinates, sulfates of alkylpolysaccharides such as the
sulfates of alkylpolyglucoside (the nonionic nonsulfated compounds being
described below), alkyl polyethoxy carboxylates such as those of the formula
RO(CH2CH20)kCH2C00-M+ wherein R is a C8-C22 alkyl, k is an integer from
0 to 10, and M is a soluble salt-forming cation. Resin acids and hydrogenated
resin acids are also suitable, such as rosin, hydrogenated rosin, and resin
acids
and hydrogenated resin acids present in or derived from tall oil.
A variety of such surfactants are also generally
disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,929,678, issued December 30, 1975 to Laughlin, et
at. at Column 23, line 58 through Column 29, line 23.
The liquid compositions according to the present invention may be coloured.
Accordingly, they may comprise a dye. Suitable dyes for use herein are stable
dyes. By "stable", it is meant herein a compound which is chemically and
physically stable in the neutral to alkaline environment of the compositions
herein.
Preservative
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The compositions according to the present invention may further comprise a
preservative as an optional ingredient. Preservatives to be used herein
include
all those known to those skilled in the art ho hard-surface cleaner
compositions.
Preservatives are desired herein because they contribute to the stability of
the
compositions herein.
Suitable preservatives for use herein are diazolidinyl urea, triethyl citrate,
propyl
4-hydroxybenzoate, sorbic acid, Na salt of p-hydroxybenzoate or gluteraldehyde
or a mixture thereof.
Acid
In order to maintain the pH of the composition herein disclosed, the
composition
may further comprise an acid, as an optional ingredient. Typically, the acids
to
be used herein may be any organic or inorganic acid well-known to those
skilled
in the art of hard-surfaces cleaner compositions.
Preferably, the organic acids for use herein have a pK of less than 7.
Suitable
organic acids for use herein, are those selected from the group consisting of
citric acid, malefic acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, succinic acid, glutaric
acid and
adipic acid, and mixtures thereof. A mixture of said acids suitable for use
herein
is commercially available from BASF under the trade name Sokalan~ DCS. A
preferred acid for use herein is citric acid.
Preferably, the inorganic acids for use herein have a pK of less than 3.
Suitable
inorganic acids for use herein, are those selected from the group consisting
of
sulphuric acid, chloridric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, and mixtures
thereof.
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Acids when used, are typically present herein in amounts between 0.5% and
10%, preferably between 1 % and 8%, and most preferably between 2% and 6%
by weight of the total composition particularly when citric acid is used.
Radical scavenger
The compositions of the present invention may comprise a radical scavenger
Suitable radical scavengers for use herein include the well-known substituted
mono and dihydroxy benzenes and their analogs, alkyl and aryl carboxylates
and mixtures thereof. Preferred such radical scavengers for use herein include
di-tert-butyl hydroxy toluene (BHT), hydroquinone, di-tert-butyl hydroquinone,
mono-tert-butyl hydroquinone, tent-butyl-hydroxy anysole, benzoic acid, toluic
acid, catechol, t-butyl catechol, benzylamine, 1,1,3-tris(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-
t-
butylphenyl) butane, n-propyl-gallate or mixtures thereof and highly preferred
is
di-tert-butyl hydroxy toluene. Such radical scavengers like N-propyl-gallate
may
be commercially available from Nipa Laboratories under the trade name Nipanox
S1 ~.
Radical scavengers when used, are typically present herein in amounts up to
10% and preferably from 0.001 % to 0.5% by weight of the total composition.
The presence of radical scavengers may contribute to the chemical stability of
the compositions of the present invention.
Perfume
The compositions according to the present invention may further comprise a
perfume.
Suitable perfumes for use herein include materials which provide an olfactory
aesthetic benefit and/or cover any "chemical" odour that the product may have.
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The main function of a small fraction of the highly volatile, low boiling
(having low
boiling points), perfume components in these perfumes is to improve the
fragrance odour of the product itself, rather than impacting on the subsequent
odour of the surface being cleaned. However, some of the less volatile, high
boiling perfume ingredients provide a fresh and clean impression to the
surfaces, and it is desirable that these ingredients be deposited and present
on
the dry surface. Perfume ingredients can be readily solubilized in the
compositions, for instance by the anionic detergent surfactants: The perfume
ingredients and compositions suitable to be used herein are the conventional
ones known in the art. Selection of any perfume component, or amount of
perfume, is based solely on aesthetic considerations.
Suitable~perfume compounds and compositions can be found in the art including
U. S. Pat. Nos. : 4,145,184, Brain and Cummins, issued March 20, 1979;
4,209,417, Whyte, issued June 24, 1980; 4,515,705, Moeddel, issued May 7,
1985; and 4,152,272, Young, issued May 1, 1979.
In general, the degree of substantivity of a
perfume is roughly proportional to the percentages of substantive perfume
material used. Relatively substantive perfumes contain at least 1 %,
preferably at
least 10%, substantive pertume materials. Substantive perfume materials are
those odorous compounds that deposit on surfaces via the cleaning process and
are detectable by people with normal olfactory acuity. Such materials
typically
have vapour pressures lower than that of the average perfume material. Also,
they typically have molecular weights of 200 and above, and are detectable at
levels below those of the average perfume material. Perfume ingredients useful
herein, along with their odor character, and their physical and chemical
properties, such as boiling point and molecular weight, are given in "Perfume
and Flavor Chemicals (Aroma Chemicals}," Steffen Arctander, published by the
author, 19fi9.
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Examples of the highly volatile, low boiling, perfume ingredients are :
anethole,
benzaldehyde, benzyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl formate, iso-bornyl
acetate, camphene, ciscitral (neral), citronellal, citronellol, citronellyl
acetate,
para-cymene, decanal, dihydrolinalool, dihydromyrcenol, dimethyl phenyl
carbinol, eucaliptol, geranial, geraniol, geranyl acetate, geranyl nitrite,
cis-3-
hexenyl acetate, hydroxycitronellal, d-limonene, linalool, linalool oxide,
linalyl
acetate, linalyl propionate, methyl anthranilate, alpha-methyl ionone, methyl
nonyl acetaldehyde, methyl phenyl carbinyi acetate, laevo-menthyl acetate,
menthone, iso-menthone, mycrene, myrcenyl acetate, myrcenol, nerol, neryl
acetate, nonyl acetate, phenyl ethyl alcohol, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, gamma-
terpinene, alpha-terpineol, beta-terpineol, terpinyl acetate, and vertenex
(para-
tertiary-butyl cyclohexyl acetate). Some natural oils also contain large
percentages of highly volatile perfume ingredients. For example, lavandin
contains as major components : linalool; linalyl acetate; geraniol; and
citronellol.
Lemon oil and orange terpenes both contain 95% of d-limonene.
Examples of moderately volatile perfume ingredients are : amyl cinnamic
aldehyde, iso-amyl salicylate, beta-caryophyliene, cedrene, cinnamic alcohol,
coumarin, dimethyl benzyl carbinyl acetate, ethyl vanillin, eugenol, iso-
eugenol,
flor acetate, heliotropine, 3-cis-hexenyl salicylate, hexyl salicylate, lilial
(para-
tertiarybutyl-alpha-methyl hydrocinnamic aldehyde), gamma-methyl ionone,
nerolidol, patchouli alcohol, phenyl hexanol, beta-selinene, trichloromethyl
phenyl carbinyl acetate, triethyl citrate, vanillin, and veratraldehyde.
Cedarwood
terpenes are composed mainly of alpha-cedrene, beta-cedrene, and other
C,5H24 sesquiterpenes.
Examples of the less volatile, high boiling, perfume ingredients are
benzophenone, benzyl saficylate, ethylene brassylate, galaxolide (1,3,4,6,7,8-
hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethyl-cyclopenta-gama-2-benzopyran), hexyl
cinnamic aldehyde, lyral (4-(4-hydroxy-4-methyl pentyl)-3-cyclohexene-10-
carboxaldehyde), methyl cedrylone, methyl dihydro jasmonate, methyl-beta-
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naphthyl ketone, musk indanone, musk ketone, musk tibetene, and phenylethyl
phenyl acetate.
Selection of any particular perfume ingredient is primarily dictated by
aesthetic
considerations.
The compositions herein may comprise a perfume ingredient, in amounts up to
5.0%, preferably in amounts of 0.1 % to 1.5% by weight of the total
composition.
Chelating agent
Another class of optional compounds for use herein includes chelating agents.
Chelating agents may be incorporated in the compositions herein in amounts
ranging up to 10.0%, preferably 0.01 % to 5.0% by weight of the total
composition.
Suitable phosphonate chelating agents to be used herein may include alkali
metal ethane 1-hydroxy diphosphonates (HEDP), alkylene poly (alkylene
phosphonate), as well as amino phosphonate compounds, including amino
aminotri(methylene phosphonic acid) (ATMP), nitrilo trimethylene phosphonates
(NTP), ethylene diamine tetra methylene phosphonates, and diethylene triamine
penta methylene phosphonates (DTPMP). The phosphonate compounds may
be present either in their acid form or as salts of different cations on some
or all
of their acid functionalities. Preferred phosphonate chelating agents to be
used
herein are diethylene triamine penta methylene phosphonate (DTPMP) and
ethane 1-hydroxy diphosphonate (HEDP). Such phosphonate chelating agents
are commercially available from Monsanto under the trade name DEQUEST~~
Polyfunctionally-substituted aromatic chelating agents may also be useful in
the
compositions herein. See U.S. patent 3,812,044, issued May 21, 1974, to
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Connor et al. Preferred compounds of this type in acid form are
dihydroxydisulfobenzenes such as 1,2-dihydroxy -3,5-disulfobenzene.
A preferred biodegradable chelating agent for use herein is ethylene diamine
N,N'-disuccinic acid, or alkali metal, or alkaline earth, ammonium or
substitutes
ammonium salts thereof or mixtures thereof. Ethylenediamine N,N'-disuccinic
acids, especially the (S,S) isomer, have been extensively described in US
patent
4, 704, 233, November 3, 1987, to Hartman and Perkins. Ethylenediamine N,N'-
disuccinic acid is, for instance, commercially available under the tradename
ssEDDS~ from Paimer Research Laboratories.
Suitable amino carboxylates to be used herein include ethylene diamine tetra
acetates, diethylene triamine pentaacetates, diethylene triamine pentaacetate
(DTPA), N-hydroxyethylethylenediamine triacetates, nitrilotri-acetates,
ethylenediamine tetrapropionates, triethylenetetraaminehexa-acetates, ethanol-
diglycines, propylene diamine tetracetic acid (PDTA) and methyl glycine di-
acetic acid (MGDA), both in their acid form, or in their alkali metal,
ammonium,
and substituted ammonium salt forms. Particularly suitable amino carboxylates
to be used herein are diethylene triamine penta acetic acid, propylene diamine
tetracetic acid (PDTA) which is, for instance, commercially available from
BASF
under the trade name Trilon FS~ and methyl glycine di-acetic acid (MGDA).
Further carboxylate chelating agents to be used herein include salicylic acid,
aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, malonic acid or mixtures thereof.
Bleaches
The liquid compositions herein may also comprise a bleaching component. Any
bleach known to those skilled in the art may be suitable to be used herein
including any peroxygen bleach as well as any hypohalite bleach.
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Suitable peroxygen bleaches for use herein include hydrogen peroxide or
sources thereof. As used herein a source of hydrogen peroxide refers to any
compound which produces active oxygen when said compound is in contact with
water. Suitable water-soluble sources of hydrogen peroxide for use herein
include percarbonates, preformed percarboxylic acids, persilicates,
persulphates, perborates, organic and inorganic peroxides and/or
hydroperoxides.
Suitable hypohalite bleaches for use herein include chlorine releasing
components as, e.g., alkali metal hypochlorites. Advantageously, the
compositions according to the present invention are stable in presence of this
bleaching component. Although alkali metal hypochlorites are preferred, other
hypochlorite compounds may also be used herein and, e.g., can be selected
from calcium and magnesium hypochlorite. A preferred alkali metal hypochlorite
for use herein is sodium hypochlorite.
Bleach activators
The compositions of the present invention that comprise a peroxygen bleach
may further comprise a bleach activator. By "bleach activator", it is meant
herein
a compound which reacts with peroxygen bleach like hydrogen peroxide to form
a peracid. The peracid thus formed constitutes the activated bleach. Suitable
bleach activators to be used herein include those belonging to the class of
esters, amides, imides, or anhydrides. Examples of suitable compounds of this
type are disclosed in British Patent GB 1 586 769 and GB 2 143 231 and a
method for their formation into a grilled form is described in European
Published
Patent Application EP-A-62 523. Suitable examples of such compounds to be
used herein are tetracetyl ethylene diamine (TAED), sodium 3,5,5 trimethyl
hexanoyloxybenzene sulphonate, diperoxy dodecanoic acid as described for
instance in US 4 818 425 and nonylamide of peroxyadipic acid as described for
instance in US 4 259 201 and n-nonanoyloxybenzenesulphonate (NOES). Also
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suitable are N-acyl caprolactams selected from the group consisting of
substituted or unsubstituted benzoyl caprolactam, octanoyl caprolactam,
nonanoyl caprolactam, hexanoyl caprolactam, decanoyl caprolactam,
undecenoyl caprolactam, formyl caprolactam, acetyl caprolactam, propanoyl
caprolactam, butanoyl caprolactam pentanoyl caprolactam or mixtures thereof. A
particular family of bleach activators of interest was disclosed in EP 624
154,
and particularly preferred in that family is acetyl triethyl citrate (ATC).
Acetyl
triethyl citrate has the advantage that it is environmental-friendly as it
eventually
degrades into citric acid and alcohol. Furthermore, acetyl triethyl citrate
has a
good hydrolytical stability in the product upon storage and it is an efficient
bleach
activator. Finally, it provides good building capacity to the composition.
Packaging form of the compositions
The compositions herein may be packaged in a variety of suitable detergent
packaging known to those skilled in the art. The liquid compositions are
preferably packaged in conventional detergent plastic bottles.
In one embodiment the compositions herein may be packaged in manually or
electrically operated spray dispensing containers, which are usually made of
synthetic organic polymeric plastic materials. Accordingly, the present
invention
also encompasses liquid cleaning compositions of the invention packaged in a
spray dispenser, preferably in a trigger spray dispenser or pump spray
dispenser.
Indeed, said spray-type dispensers allow to uniformly apply to a relatively
large
area of a surface to be cleaned the liquid cleaning compositions suitable for
use
according to the present invention. Such spray-type dispensers are
particularly
suitable to clean vertical surfaces.
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Suitable spray-type dispensers to be used according to the present invention
include manually operated foam trigger-type dispensers sold for example by
Specialty Packaging Products, Inc. or Continental Sprayers, Inc. These types
of
dispensers are disclosed, for instance, in US-4,701,311 to Dunnining et al.
and
US-4,646,973 and US-4,538,745 both to Focarracci. Particularly preferred to be
used herein are spray-type dispensers such as T 8500~ commercially available
from Continental Spray International or T 8100~ commercially available from
Canyon, Northern Ireland. in such a dispenser the liquid composition is
divided
in fine liquid droplets resulting in a spray that is directed onto the surface
to be
treated. Indeed, in such a spray-type dispenser the composition contained in
the
body of said dispenser is directed through the spray-type dispenser head via
energy communicated to a pumping mechanism by the user as said user
activates said pumping mechanism. More particularly, in said spray-type
dispenser head the composition is forced against an obstacle, e.g., a grid or
a
cone or the like, thereby providing shocks to help atomise the liquid
composition,
i.e., to help the formation of liquid droplets.
The process of treating a hard-surface
The present invention also encompasses a process of treating a hard-surface
wherein a liquid composition as described herein is contacted with a hard-
surface.
By "hard-surfaces" it is meant herein any kind of surfaces typically found in
houses like bathrooms, kitchens, or in car interiors or exteriors, e.g.,
floors,
walls, tiles, windows, sinks, showers, shower plastified curtains, wash
basins,
WCs, dishes, fixtures and fittings and the like made of different materials
like
ceramic, vinyl, no-wax vinyl, linoleum, melamine, glass, any plastics,
plastified
wood, metal or any painted or varnished or sealed surface and the like. Hard-
surfaces also include household appliances including, but not limited to,
washing
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machines, automatic dryers, refrigerators, freezers, ovens, microwave ovens,
dishwashers and so on.
The liquid composition of the present invention may be contacted to the
surface
to be treated in its neat form or in its diluted form.
By "diluted form", it is meant herein that said liquid composition is diluted
by the
user typically with water. The composition is diluted prior to use to a
typical
dilution level of 10 to 400 times its weight of water, preferably from 10 to
200
and more preferably from 10 to 100. A usually recommended dilution level is a
1.2% dilution of the composition in water.
By "in its neat form", it is to be understood that the liquid compositions are
applied directly onto the hard-surface to be treated without undergoing any
dilution, i.e., the liquid compositions herein are applied onto the hard-
surface as
described herein.
A preferred process of treating a hard-surface according to the present
invention, is to apply the composition in diluted form without rinsing the
hard-
surface after application in order to obtain excellent 'first-time' and 'next-
time'
cleaning performance as well as delivering good shine to said hard-surface.
Another preferred process of treating a hard-surface, is to apply the
composition, described by the present invention, either in neat or diluted
form,
leave it on said surface to act, optionally wipe said surface with an
appropriate
instrument, e.g., a sponge, and then preferably rinse said surface with water.
The hard-surfaces to be treated may be soiled with a variety of soils, e.g.,
greasy soils (e.g., greasy soap scum, body grease, kitchen grease or
burnt/sticky food residues typically found in a kitchen and the like).
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By "treating" it is meant herein, cleaning, as the composition according to
the
present invention provides excellent 'first-time' and 'next-time' cleaning
performance on various stains, especially greasy soils.
Cleaning performance test method
The dilute cleaning performance may be evaluated by the following test method:
tiles of enamel, vinyl or ceramic are prepared by applying to them a
representative grease/particulate artificial soil followed by ageing. The test
compositions and the reference composition are diluted (e.g.,
composition:water
1:50 or 1:100), applied to a sponge, and used to clean the tiles with a Sheen
scrub tester. The number of strokes required to clean to 100% clean is
recorded.
A minimum of 6 replicates can be taken with each result being generated in
duplicate against the reference on each soiled tile.
The test method for evaluating neat cleaning performance is identical to above
except that the test compositions and reference are used undiluted and that
after cleaning a rinsing cycle is performed with clean water.
Greasy soap scum cleanin~,pertormance test method
In this test method enamel white tiles (typically 24 cm * 4 cm) are covered
with
typical greasy soap scum soils mainly based on calcium stearate and artificial
body soils commercially available (e.g., 0.3 grams with a sprayer). The soiled
tiles are then dried in an oven at a temperature of 140°C for 20
minutes and
then aged overnight at room temperature (around 20°C-25°C). Then
the soiled
tiles are cleaned using 3 ml of the liquid composition of the present
invention
poured directly on a Spontex~ sponge. The ability of the composition to remove
greasy soap scum is measured through the number of strokes needed to
perfectly clean the surface. The lower the number of strokes, the higher the
greasy soap scum cleaning ability of the composition.
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Next time-cleaning benefit test method
In this test method stainless steel tap or black ceramic is treated with the
liquid
composition of the present invention by directly pouring said composition on a
Spontex~ sponge and rubbing said tiles with said sponge. Then the tiles are
thoroughly rinsed with tap water and let to dry. Soapy water (about 100 ml) is
splashed on the dry surface and rinsed with running tap water (about 100 ml).
The surface of the tiles is again left to dry and the procedure of splashing
soapy
water on said tiles is repeated for 4-6 times.
The ability of a composition to provide next time-cleaning benefit on the
surface
refers to the composition's ability to modify the surface in such a way, that
the
soapy water is rinsed away more easily on surfaces treated with the liquid
composition of the present invention compared to surfaces not treated with
said
composition. This can be evaluated by human visual grading.
Shine test method
Obtaining a good shine end result results from a good spreading of a liquid
composition over the surface when the surface is treated therewith and from
the
reduced formation of watermarks and reduced precipitation of poorly water
soluble salts when water evaporates. The ability of a composition to provide
"shine" to the surface refers to the composition's ability to leave no
watermarks
after evaporation of water. This can be evaluated by human visual grading.
In a suitable test method a composition according to the present invention and
a
reference composition are applied (about 3 grams of each product) with a
Spontex~ sponge on two rectangular areas (20 cm x 20 cm) of a surface made
of stainless steel or ceramic. Each surface is wiped (16 strokes) by using the
Spontex~ sponge with the product. Then each treated surface is rinsed with 50
ml of tap water and left to dry. Items are observed during the drying phase in
a
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way to evaluate water spreadinglslipping on the treated surface. After the
surfaces treated with the compositions according to the present invention and
those treated with the reference composition are dried, they are compared side
by side and evaluated by visual grading to evaluate shine difference.
Evaluation
may be generally done by applying the Panel Score Unit (PSU). Shine result is
expressed reporting whether the effect of water spreading/slipping is present
and the final PSU evaluation.
In a long lasting shine test method, the test method as mentioned above may be
carried out, but the rinsing and drying cycles are repeated several times.
Each
time, after both the surfaces are dried they are compared side by side and
evaluated by visual grading to see shine difference. Evaluation is generally
done
by applying the Panel Score Unit (PSU).
Examples
These compositions were made comprising the listed ingredients in the listed
proportions (weight %).
Ingredients: I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX
(% by weight)
Dobanol~ 91-81.3 1.5 1.5 3.5 3.5 10.0 1.5 3.5 2.5
n-BPP 2.0 2.0 2.0 - 2.0 2.0 2.0 - 3.0
Citric Acid 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 - - -
Maleic Acid - - - - - - - - 2.5
Luviskol K60~0.1 0.1 0.050.05 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.15
Kelzan T~ 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2
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NaOH 1.5 1.5 1.25 1.5 1.5 1.5 0.2 0.3 1.2
Waters & Minors _______~_________________ up to 100 -______________________
The pH of these examples is 7 or above.
Ingredients: X XI XII Xlli XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII
(% by weight)
Lutensol~ AO 1.3 1.5 1.75 3.5 3.5 10.0 1.8 2.5 3.5
30
n-BPP 2.0 2.0 2.0 - 2.0 2.0 2.0 - 5.0
Citric Acid 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 - - -
Maleic Acid - - - - _ _ _ _ 2.5
Luviskol K60~ 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.05 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.15
Kelzan T~ 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2
NaOH 1.5 1.5 1.25 1.5 1.5 1.5 0.2 0.3 1.2
Waters & Minors ---------------------------- up to 100
The pH of these examples is 7 or above.
Kelzan T~ is a Xanthan gum supplied by Kelco.
Luviskol K60~ is a Polyvinylpyrrolidone supplied by BASF.
n-BPP is butoxy propoxy propanol commercially available from Dow Chemical.
Dobanol~ 91-8 is a C9-C" ethoxylated alcohol commercially available from
Shell.
Lutensol~ AO 30 is a C,2_,4 ethoxylated alcohol commercially available from
BASF.
