Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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AN APPARATUS FOR PICKING UP AND COLLECTING PARTICULATE
MATERIAL
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an apparatus to pick up and collect
s particulate material and in one form, the invention is directed to a vacuum
cleaner such as a floor vacuum cleaner for use on carpets and the like.
However, the invention need not be limited to vacuum cleaners, and can
extend to devices to remove particles from a liquid, and other apparatus to
remove particles from a gas, liquid or gaslliquid mixture. The invention can
io also extend to a separating system not necessarily limited to use with
vacuum
cleaners, and which uses a spinning motion to separate particles from a fluid
flow. The invention will be described broadly with reference to vacuum
cleaners, which can be domestic, industrial or specialised type cleaners.
BACKGROUND ART
15 Vacuum cleaners develop suction by means of a fan which
discharges a powerful stream of air from the rear end of the casing. This sets
up a powerful inflowing current of air which carries along any dust particles
from
the carpet or floor to which a suction nozzle is applied. The fan has a large
number of blades set at an angle, the rotation setting up a flow of air in the
axial
2 o direction. The air stream is passed through a bag in which the dust is
precipitated and collected without appreciably obstructing the air flow.
One disadvantage with vacuum cleaners is that the entire volume
of air passes into the dust collecting chamber and must pass through the walls
of the dust bag. Should the dust bag become too full or clogged, this will
25 reduce the efficiency of the vacuum cleaner and can result in damage to the
vacuum cleaner itself.
The efficiency of a vacuum cleaner is dependent upon two factors
being the air flow rate and the suction power. The suction performance is the
product of two factors. Thus, when the flow rate is maximum, the suction is
low
3 o and conversely when suction is high, the flow rate is low. For a vacuum
cleaner to function efficiently, it is necessary for both the suction and the
flow
rate to be adequate.
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Another disadvantage with conventional vacuum cleaners is that
the air flow speed and volume is relatively low. The air flow speed along the
carpet or ground and into the vacuum cleaner head largely determines the
efficiency of the vacuum cleaner. Thus a high speed of air and a high volume
of air would be desirable.
Other disadvantages of vacuum cleaners are the relatively high
power consumption of the motor being typically over 1,OOOKw making efficient
vacuum cleaners difficult to be battery powered; and the low efficiency of the
fan.
1 o Our earlier patent application WO 97/08983 describes a vacuum
cleaner having a curved body about which fluid can circulate, the curved body
having a lower portion which in use is adapted to be adjacent the area to be
vacuumed, the lower portion being dimensioned to provide a lower pressure
surface, the curved body also having an upper portion dimensioned to provide
a higher pressure surface, fluid acceleration means to accelerate the fluid
about
the curved body, a fluid stream splitter in the upper portion of the curved
body
to split the fluid into a recirculated portion which continues to move about
the
curved body, and a waste portion which passes into a dust collecting chamber
and is exhausted therefrom.
2 o The curved body may be in the form of a doughnut or toroid. The
curved body need not be symmetrical and may be slightly elliptical in cross-
section. The curved body need not be entirely curved, and portions of the
curved body may be straight if desired. With this vacuum cleaner, the fluid
stream splitter splits the fluid into a recirculating portion and a waste
portion.
The air passing into the waste portion needed to be exhausted through an
upper exhaust duct which could be associated with a filter screen.
A possible disadvantage with this vacuum cleaner is that removal
of the particulate matter from the waste stream was done by slowing the air
down causing the particulate matter to drop down into a collection basket. For
3 o the finer particulate material, separation was not always very efficient.
Also, a
quantity of air still needed to be exhausted through the top of the vacuum
cleaner.
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It is known to separate particles from a fluid flow by causing the
fluid to spin, and to remove the particles using centrifugal forces.
Industrial
cyclones use this principle. However known separators of this type are not
very
efficient, and especially if the separator needs to be quite small in size,
and
5 needs to separate quite fine particles. For this reason such separators have
not
found great commercial success in many applications such as vacuum
cleaners.
Another disadvantage with almost all known vacuum cleaners
and with spin type separators is that the cleaned gas or liquid stream is
1 o exhausted from the apparatus. This makes the apparatus unsuitable where
exhaust emissions need to be minimised or even eliminated. For instance,
persons with allergy problems find that any exhaust from a cleaning device can
cause an allergic reaction. Hospitals and other clean rooms find that exhausts
from a cleaning apparatus still spew contaminants into the air.
15 OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to an apparatus which can
separate particles from a fluid flow.
In a specific form, the invention covers an apparatus to pick up
and collect particulate material and which can be used as a vacuum cleaner
2 o and where the apparatus can separate the particulate matter with improved
efficiency.
In a preferred form of the invention, the apparatus is a "zero
emission apparatus" which means that there is little or no exhaust air passing
from the apparatus. In this form, the apparatus finds particular applications
in
25 sterile environments and in environments where hazardous waste is required
to
be picked up and safely collected.
In another form, the invention is to a separating system which
can be used with a vacuum cleaner or with other apparatus, and which utilises
a particular spinning motion to separate particles from a fluid flow.
3 o In one form, the invention resides in an apparatus to pick up and
collect particulate material, the apparatus having a housing, a recirculating
air
stream or fluid stream passageway in the housing, the passageway having a
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bottom slot, which can be annular and which is adapted to pass over the
particulate material to be picked up, a curved body positioned in the slot and
dividing the slot into two parts, the slot and the body being configured such
that
the air or fluid stream passes through one part of the slot, about a portion
of the
5 curved body and into the other part of the slot, and picking up the
particulate
matter in the process, a separating chamber communicating with or forming
part of the passageway and in which the particulate material is separated from
the air or fluid stream, and an acceleration means to accelerate the air or
fluid
stream through the passageway.
1 o In another form, the invention resides in an apparatus for
separating particles from a fluid stream, the apparatus comprising a chamber
which has one or more outer walls, at least one fluid inlet adjacent an outer
wall
of the chamber, and at least one fluid outlet which is spaced inwardly from
the
fluid outlet, the construction and arrangement being that particulate
containing
i5 fluid enters into the chamber through the at least one inlet and adopting a
first
larger diameter spinning motion, to spin particulate material towards the
outer
wall of the chamber, the fluid subsequently adopting a second smaller diameter
spinning motion and passing back through the centre of the fluid having the
first
spinning motion.
2o In another form, the invention resides in a method of separating
particulate material from a particle containing fluid stream comprising
causing a
first fluid stream to adopt a first larger diameter spinning motion to remove
particles from the stream by centrifugal forces, and subsequently causing the
fluid stream to adopt a second smaller diameter spinning motion and passing
2 5 the fluid back through the centre of the first fluid stream.
In another form, the invention resides in a vacuum cleaner
having a housing which has an internal recirculating air passageway through
which an air stream recirculates, air accelerating means to accelerate the air
stream through the passageway, the passageway having a first inner
3 o passageway and a second outer passageway, said passageways being joined
at the bottom of the housing by an annular slot which is adjacent the area to
be
vacuumed, an annular curved body positioned in the slot and slightly inwardly
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from the lowermost edge of the slot to divide the slot into an inner part
which
forms part of the inner passageway, and an outer part which forms part of the
outer passageway, the body and slot being configured such that the
accelerated air stream passes down the inner annular passageway, through
5 the inner part of the slot, about the curved body and up into the outer part
of
the slot and into the outer passageway, and in the process picks up
particulate
matter from the said area, a separating chamber communicating with the outer
passageway and in which the air stream adopts a spiral flow to spin out the
particulate matter into a collection area, the inner passageway communicating
1 o with the separating chamber to allow the departiculated air stream to
recirculate
through the inner passageway and towards the slot.
The apparatus will be described with reference to its use as a
vacuum cleaner but it should be appreciated that the term "vacuum cleaner"
should be construed broadly and may include an apparatus which picks up
~5 particulate material other than from carpets and floors. For instance, the
apparatus could be used to pick up and collect particulate materials in
industrial
and mining areas.
The separating chamber can separate the particulate material
entrained in the air stream in an improved manner by having the air stream
2 o adopt a spiral flow in the separating chamber. In this manner, the
particulate
material can be spun out of the air stream using centrifugal force. This
allows a
better separation of particulate material from the air stream. The separating
chamber can have a surround wall formed with openings through which the
particulate material can pass together with a portion of the air stream. The
25 surround wall can communicate with a collection area into which the
separated
particulate material can be collected. The collection area may include means
to
slow the speed of the air stream to cause the particulate material to separate
therefrom.
In one form of the invention, the vacuum cleaner is configured
3 o such that little or no emissions emanate from the vacuum cleaner. This can
be
achieved by ensuring that as the air stream passes through the slot and about
the curved body, no external air is sucked into the air stream from the
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surrounding area. To prevent this, a proportion of the air stream can be split
off prior to passing through the slot and this split off portion of the air
stream
can be directed to adjacent the slot such that the split off portion is
entrained by
the air stream passing through the slot. In this manner, little or no
additional air
s is trapped by the air stream. Consequently, there is no net build up of air
volume circulating through the apparatus and thus there is no need for an air
outlet which can cause fine particles to be sprayed into the room.
Another advantage in splitting off a portion of the air is that this
portion can be directed against the area to be cleaned at fairly high speed to
1 o assist in the dirt loosening and cleaning action.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
An embodiment of the invention will be described with reference
to the following drawings in which
Figure 1 is a section view of a vacuum cleaner according to an
15 embodiment of the invention.
Figure 2 is a bottom view of the vacuum cleaner of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a section view of a vacuum cleaner according to
another embodiment of the invention.
Figure 4A and 4B illustrate a corner attachment to the vacuum
2 0 cleaner.
Figure 5 illustrates an apparatus for separating particles from a
air stream according to another embodiment of the invention.
Figure 6 illustrates a variation to the apparatus of Figure 5.
Figure 7 illustrates a bottom view of a pick up head which is
2 5 linear.
Figure 8 illustrates a side view of the pick up head of Figure 7.
Figure 9 is a bottom view of a pick up head which is annular.
Figure 10 illustrates a side view of the pick up head of Figure 9.
Figure 11 is a plan view of an apparatus for supplying air to the
3 o pick up head of Figure 9.
Figure 12 illustrates a section view of the apparatus of Figure 11.
Figure 13 illustrates the apparatus of Figure 11 connected to an
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apparatus for separating particles which is a variation of the apparatus of
Figure 5.2
BEST MODE
Referring initially to the section view in Figure 1, there is
s illustrated a vacuum cleaner 10 the major components of which are an outer
housing 11, an internal recirculating air passageway which comprises an inner
annular passageway 12, an outer annular passageway 13, an annular bottom
slot 14, a curved body 15 positioned within the slot, an upper separating
chamber 16, an air accelerating means in the form of a fan 17, and a motor 18
io to drive fan 17.
Vacuum cleaner 10 can be formed from metal, plastic,
composites or any other suitable material. The vacuum cleaner is fairly small
and has a diameter of approximately 40cm and a height of approximately
40cm. Of course, larger or smaller vacuum cleaners are envisaged depending
15 on the required use. The vacuum cleaner has a recirculating air passageway
inside outer housing 11 and the arrows illustrated in Figure 1 show generally
the direction of flow of the air stream. Fan 17 can be of a design described
in
International patent application PCTlAU93100581. Fan 17 has a hub 19 and a
number of extending blades 20. Fan 17 rotates at high speed causing air to be
2 o pushed at high speed down inner annular passageway 12 and towards slot 14.
Slot 14 is between 5 to 20mm wide (although this can vary to suit) and is
positioned at the bottom of the vacuum cleaner and adjacent the floor surface
21 which is to be vacuumed. The annular slot 14 is defined by a lower portion
22 of outer housing 11 and a lower portion 23 of the motor housing. Of course,
25 portion 23 need not be part of the motor housing and can be formed
separately.
Positioned inside annular slot 14 is an annular curved body 15. The annular
curved body 15 divides slot 14 into two sub-slots being an inner part 24 (a
blowing slot) and an outer part 25. The lowermost curved portion of body 15 is
spaced inwardly from the slot such that when the vacuum cleaner is placed on
3 o the floor 21, a small gap is provided between the bottom of curved body 15
and
floor 21 which enables the air stream to pass around the curved body.
Curved body 15 has an upper annular portion 26 which extends
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up and towards the bottom of separating chamber 16 and which functions to
separate the inner annular passageway 12 from the outer annular passageway
13. The portion 26 is configured adjacent the fan blades 20 to allow the fan
blades 20 to rotate within portion 26 with a fine contact between the outer
edge
of blades 20 and the inner wall of portion 26. , Thus, this part of portion 26
functions as a shroud about fan 17.
As fan 17 is rotated at high speed, air passes through the fan and
passes at high speed through inner part 24 which can be seen as an annular
blowing slot. By virtue of the air being blown through the blowing slot, it
Zo adheres to curved body 15 and will follow the surface of the body by virtue
of
the Coanda effect. As air passes at high speed through the blowing slot and
about the lowermost portion of curved body 15, it picks up particulate matter
such as dust and dirt from floor 21 and carries the particulate matter around
curved body 15 and up into outer annular passageway 13.
Outer annular passageway 13 tapers from a wider lower diameter
adjacent slot 14 to a narrower upper diameter which communicates with the
bottom of separating chamber 16. By virtue of this tapering, the air stream
passing along outer annular passageway 13 is caused to spiral through the
annular passageway at increased revs per minute. That is, as the particulate
2 o entrained air passes up passageway 13, it also spirals through annular
passageway 13 at higher and higher revolutions per minute as it progresses
towards separating chamber 16. The spiral action can be facilitated by
providing a deflecting means 30 in passageway 13 the deflecting means being
in the form of angled members such as slots, fins, or vanes which deflect the
air
2 5 stream into a spiral flow.
The lower portion of outer annular passageway 13 of this first
embodiment is formed with a bulbous enlargement 31 which forms part of a first
collection area. In this collection area, the larger entrained particles 32
separate from the upwardly moving air stream by virtue of their larger mass
and
3 o fall into collection area 31 for later disposal.
Before enlargement 31, the outer passageway is narrowed to
create a pressure drop in the outer passageway. The pressure drop causes the
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air stream to attempt to increase speed. The deflecting means 30 assist in
deflecting this air stream into a spiral flow so that it can increase speed.
The smaller particles 33 remain entrained in the upwardly
moving and spiraling air stream. The air stream passes into the open bottom of
5 separating chamber 16 and, at this point, the air stream is spiraling at
relatively
high speed and rpm. Once in separating chamber 16, the smaller particles 33
spin out of the air stream and pass through openings 34 in the surround wall -
of
separating chamber 16. The smaller particles pass through the openings and
into a second collection area 35. In this area, the speed of the air stream is
to slowed and this can be assisted by having baffles (not shown) in the
collection
area and the slowing of the air stream causes the smaller particles 33 to fall
down and stay in the second collection area 35. The departiculated spiraling
air stream reaches the top wall 36 of separating chamber 16 and spirals
inwardly and downwardly towards the upper part of inner annular passageway
z5 12. Reference number 37 references the downwardly spiraling air stream.
Inner annular passageway 12 has an open top end 38 which communicates
with the open bottom of separating chamber 16 but is spaced inwardly from
outer annular passageway 13.
With this arrangement, air passing into separating chamber 16
2 o through outer annular passageway 13 spins about chamber 16 and is forced
to
adopt a tight spiral 37 as it passes downwardly into the inner annular
passageway 12 and through fan 17. As the air adopts the tighter spiral, it
will
spin at greater rpm and this will assist in spinning out fine particles which
will
then become entrained in the remaining air spinning upwardly (note: upwardly
25 depends on one's viewing angle), within separating chamber 16. In this way,
dust is kept from returning back through the fan or fluid drive. Only very
fine
particles pass back through the fan and do not impair its function to a great
extent.
To assist in the cleaning action, and also to minimize entrapment
30 of outside air, there are provided openings 40 immediately adjacent slot
14.
Openings 40 can be in the form of an array of bores or can be in the form of
an
annular slot.
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The air stream passing down inner annular passageway 12 will
have a portion of the air split off and passed through openings 40 which has
the
effect of blowing high speed air onto the floor 21 to loosen the particulate
material. Also, this split off portion of air will be entrained with the
remaining air
s stream flowing about curved body 15 which means that there will be little or
no
additional air passing through the slot. Consequently, no vents are required
in
the collection areas to vent any build up of pressure caused by extra air
being
trapped in the fluid flow. If some air is trapped in the fluid flow, and vents
are
required, these vents can be made very small and can be covered by an
1 o extremely effective filter which is not possible with conventional vacuum
cleaners where a high volume of air must be exhausted.
The fluid passing through bores 40 strikes the carpet, floor, or
ground as jets. This loosens particular matter. That air then momentarily
stagnates as its speed is substantially arrested. This raises its static
pressure
15 momentarily and it rushes towards the low pressure area created by the
Coanda jet issuing from slot 24. The high speed jet from slot 24 wants to
entrain, as does any jet. In this case, it entrains the fluid from bores 40
instead
of any substantial amount of air from outside the device.
Figure 3 illustrates a second embodiment of the invention. In this
2 o embodiment, the fan 50 is spaced away from the annular slot 51. Otherwise,
the invention works in a similar manner. For instance, with the vacuum cleaner
illustrated in Figure 3, fan 50 accelerates an air stream through an inner
tubular
passageway 52 and towards the annular slot 51. Annular slot 51 is formed by
virtue of a tapered cone insert 53 and the wall of outer annular passageway
54.
2 s An annular curved body 55 is positioned in slot 51 and again spaced
slightly
inwardly such that air can blow through a blowing slot 56 about curved body 55
and into outer passageway 54.
Bores 40, as described in Figure 1 can also be placed adjacent
slot 56 of Figure 3 but are not illustrated. An underside view of the pick-up
3 o head of Figure 3 would look substantially like the view of Figure 2 with
bores
40.
The section cut lines 57 illustrate that the annular slot 51 can be
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spaced at any convenient distance away from fan 50. Outer passageway 54
again has a first annular collection area 62 to collect the heavier particles,
and a
separating chamber 58 which spins out the finer particles in a manner similar
to
that described with reference to Figure 1. Prior to collection area 62, the
passageway is narrowed to create a pressure drop which causes the air stream
to speed up. Deflectors can be used to assist in causing the air to spin as it
moves along the passageway.
Separating chamber 58 again has openings 59 in the side wall
through which the particles can pass and into a second collection chamber 60.
1o In use, air flows through fan 50 where it is accelerated and pushed at high
speed through annular blowing slot 56, about curved body 55, up into outer
passageway 54, through passageway 54 and into the first collection zone 62
where the heavier particles leave the air stream. The air stream continues to
pass through passageway 54 and into separating chamber 58 and in the
process passageway 54 tapers inwardly which causes an increase in the rpm
of the air stream. The air stream spins within separating chamber 58 and when
it reaches outer wall 61, the air spirals in a tighter circle back into the
inlet of
inner passageway 52 and through fan 50.
Figures 4A and 4B illustrate a corner attachment for the vacuum
2 o cleaner. Corner attachment 80 is roughly triangular in shape when viewed
in
plan (see Figure 4B), and has two straight outer edges 81,82 and a curved
inner edge 82A which compliments the outer curve of the vacuum cleaner wall.
A pair of air flow tubes 83A,83B, extend through bores 95,96, and the tubes
have one end 84,85 projecting into inner passageway 12 the ends being
scooped to assist in the passing of a portion of the air stream through the
tubes. The other end 86,87 of the tubes have a lower opening 88,89 which is
sealed off when the attachment is in the position of Figures 4A and 4B. (Of
course, the number and size of the tubes may vary.) The attachment is spring
biassed by spring 90 which allows the attachment to be pushed against the
outer wall of the vacuum cleaner. When this occurs, tubes 83A,838, are
pushed further into bores 95,96 and the tube openings 88,89 now
communicate with a bore 91 which itself communicates with a chamber 92
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which has an array of lower orifices 93.
When attachment 80 is pushed against the vacuum cleaner
against the bias of spring 90, high pressure air can pass along tubes 83,84,
through bore 91, into chamber 92 and through the orifices 93, and against the
s ground to collect dust and dirt particles. The dirt passes into a return
tube 97
which slides within a bore 98. Return tube 97 communicates with outer
passageway 13 but only when the attachment 80 is pushed up against the
vacuum cleaner.
It should be noted that the pick-up head need not be annular in
1 o plan view, but can be any convenient shape in plan view.
The vacuum cleaner has a number of advantages. By having low
or no emissions, the vacuum cleaner finds application in sterile environment
such as hospitals. The vacuum cleaner can be used to pick up and collect
hazardous particles with a reduced or no likelihood of any particles being
1~ vented from the vacuum cleaner. The motor 18 can be cooled by vents (not
shown) passing through the vacuum cleaner but air passing through the vents
does not mix with any of the recirculating air. After the air stream passes
about
curved body 15 of Figure 1, the air stream passageway increases in cross-
section to slow the rpm of the air to facilitate removal of the larger
particles 32.
2 o The passageway then tapers to narrow the cross-section and thereby to
increase the rpm of the air.
It should be noted that liquids may be suctioned up by this
vacuum cleaner and collected in the same way as particulate material and do
not impair the system as long as the motor is isolated from them.
25 The fundamental features of this vacuum cleaner while not
limiting it to a vacuum cleaner used only in the home as already
aforementioned are: that either a minute amount or zero air or any other fluid
is
ejected. Some versions can function immersed in any liquid such as water to
remove particulate matter from that fluid. That fluid re-circulates
substantially
3 o within the system and there is no need to draw ambient fluid from the
surroundings. Therefore no or little fluid is ejected from the system and is
described as a substantially closed circuit system.
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Particulate laden water or any liquid can be processed by certain
versions of this device. Whether the Coanda pick-up head is placed at a
distance from the motor and fan or other fluid acceleration means or very
close
by, that enables this closed circuit to function, and the majority of the dirt
or
other particulate matter can be removed by any means but preferably by a
vortex as mentioned in this description. There is no need to remove every last
piece of particulate matter during the first circuit, as it recirculates and
does not
then communicate back to the surroundings.
A version of the invention rnay be immersed in swimming pools to
1o collect and separate particulate material from the water.
Figure 5 illustrates a vacuum-type cleaner according to a further
embodiment of the invention. In this further embodiment, the lower part of the
vacuum cleaner is similar to that described with reference to Figure 1 and
therefore like numbers have been used to designate like parts. For instance,
the vacuum-type cleaner in Figure 5 again describes an outer housing 11, an
internal recirculating air passageway which comprises an inner annular
passageway 12, and an outer annular passageway 13, an annular bottom slot
14 and an annular curved body 15 positioned within the slot. A fan 17 driven
by a motor 18 is provided inside the housing. The annular curved body 15
2 o divides the slot 14 into two sub-slots being an inner blowing slot 24 and
an
outer slot 25. Fluid such as air is accelerated by fan 17 to flow downwardly
through inner slot 12, around curved body 15, and upwardly through outer slot
13. Above fan 17 is a vortex chamber 110 which is U-shaped in configuration.
Air containing dust or other particular material passes up through passageway
13 and is adopting a spiral motion for the reasons described with reference to
Figure 1. Air passes into vortex chamber 110 via an inlet 111 which is
adjacent
the wall of the vortex chamber 110. The air forms a vortex 112 in vortex
chamber 110 and is in the form of a larger diameter vortex which is adjacent
the walls of vortex chamber 110. The vortex follows the curved pathway of
3 o vortex chamber 110 and into a collection area 113. The vortex then adopts
a
second smaller diameter vortex 114 (also called the inner vortex) which runs
back up the approximate middle of the outer vortex 112 to return back through
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fan 17. Gravity helps to keep the dirt and particulate matter at the bottom of
collection area 113. Collection area 113 can be in the form of a removable
chamber or cup which can be fastened via a collar 115 which is disengagable
so that collection area 113 can be removed and emptied. Collar 115 can be
attached by any convenient method such as by being threaded or having
engagable bayonets for securing the two portions together.
In order to have larger particles end up in collection area 113, the
bulbous enlargement 31 has a smaller cross-section than the enlargement in
Figure 1. This promotes sweeping of the larger heavier particles up through
1 o passageway 13 along vortex chamber 110 and into collection area 113. Thus,
by having the vortex more intense, this can be achieved more readily. In the
embodiment illustrated in Figures 5 and 6, passageway 13 does not need to
slope inwardly but may, at any point, and especially at the entry into the
upper
part of vortex chamber 110, be sloping outwardly or any other configuration to
assist with the upward travel of heavy particles spiraling with the vortex.
Vortex chamber 110 need not be exactly U-shaped or curved
around 180°. For instance, it may be curved to a lesser or greater
angle for
whatever convenient, geometric and practical considerations. Any
configuration can be achieved as long as the two vortices are formed being the
outer vortex, and the inner vortex which travels in the opposite direction to
the
outer vortex.
Referring to Figure 6, there is illustrated an apparatus similar to
that described with reference to Figure 5 but including a tube 116. The tube
is
positioned such that one end is substantially in the middle of the vortex
chamber while the other end is in the collection area 113 and adjacent the end
wall of the vortex chamber (the vortex chamber being considered to extend all
the way to the bottom of collection area 113. The pressure in the middle of a
vortex is slightly lower than the pressure near the periphery of the vortex.
In
Figure 6, a dirt collection bag 117, for instance a thin translucent bag, is
placed
3 o in collection area 113. Tube 116 creates a lower pressure immediately
inside
the wall of collection area 113. In this way, although the pressure within the
whole system is lower than atmospheric, tube 116 causes the bag to be sucked
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against the walls of collection area 113 by virtue of the lower pressure. Tube
116 may be unnecessary as there can be found low pressure areas adjacent
inner walls where fluid speed is highest. This keeps the bag open such that
the
vortex can rotate within the bag. Collection area 113 can then be decoupled
5 and the bag removed for disposal or cleaning.
The plastic or other type of bag 117 can be frictionally restrained,
say by an o-ring or other like device inside collar 115, and the weight of the
dirt
causes the rest of the bag inside the chamber, whose walls are represented by
119, to cling especially at the bottom where there may be trenches of any
s o configuration or ribs, then the top of the bag adjacent collar 115 remains
relatively stationery while the rest of the lower portion of the bag rotates
with the
rotatably disengagable collection area.
In this way, an upper portion of the bag plastic or otherwise, is
rotated substantially as many times as it requires to rotate and disengage the
15 collection area 113 and so the neck of the dirt collection bag is twisted
to
enclose the dirt found in the lower part of the bag. In this way, upon
complete
disengagement of the collection bag can be lifted out of the collection area
and
tied off to completely seal the dirt from the atmosphere. If the dirt
collection bag
is biodegradable material, it can then be dumped in a landfill or incinerated.
2 o A further improvement of the invention may be where the air
pathway through tube 116, upon rotational disengagement of the collection
area, is also disengaged and upon further rotation a hole or passageway
through to atmospheric air is opened. In this case, if the vacuum cleaner is
allowed to run during disengagement, there will be quite a significant
pressure
difference between the outside of the bag found within the area 113 and the
inside of that dirt collection bag. In this way, the bag will collapse onto
the
enclosed dirt, compressing it and then upon further disengaging rotation the
dirt
inside the dirt collection bag will be found in a much more compact form and
the same tying off of the upper portion of the removable bag can occur as
3 o already described.
Returning to Figure 3, it should be noted that the version depicted
in Figure 3 may also possess these latest aforementioned features and that the
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16
collection chamber 62 is eliminated as are the slots 59 and the outside wall
of
the vortex chamber 58 can be extended to any distance and in any direction. It
need not curve around the 180° but may curve around 90° or some
other angle
to allow it to function in this latest mentioned identical manner, i.e. it may
have a
collar which is threaded or has bayonets and is rotatably disengagable and may
contain a dirt collection bag and may have the assistance of gravity to keep
the
dirt at the bottom of the collection chamber.
It should also be noted that the embodiment depicted as Figure 3
may have the handle which is shown uppermost of the drawing removed and
so may be on the floor as a type of canister version of a vacuum cleaner.
Passageways 52 and 54 may have flexible walls such as a flexible tube within a
flexible tube. Bulbous area 62 may have a reduced cross-sectional area.
Collection chamber 60 is eliminated as are slots 59 and because a vortex
chamber 110 as in Figures 5 and 6 is facing in a downward direction, that
i5 vortex chamber need not have the aforementioned curvature to it. In fact it
may
remain straight as depicted and yet the same features may apply. In effect,
the
addition of a threaded or bayoneted collar for rotational disengagement of one
section from the other and the addition of a dirt collecting bag placed within
and
all of the same features exhibited such as tube 116 of Figure 6.
2 o A further embodiment of the invention is where the Coanda pick-
up head is not round, annular or some other shape when viewed in plan view
from underneath, but may be configured as Figure 7 and Figure 8.
Figures 7 and 8 illustrate a pick-up head having a row of nozzles
120 (or a slot) through which pass a portion of the fluid delivered from the
fluid
25 drive. A Coanda blowing slot 121 is provided through which passes another
portion of the fluid. A curved Coanda surface is provided. These passageways
may be reversed. 123 is the intake slot. 124 is the fluid delivery passageway.
125 is the passageway for return of the fluid to the vortex chamber and then
to
the fluid drive (not shown). 126 are side fences to isolate the process from
the
3 o atmosphere at each end.
In Figures 7 and 8, the arrowed lines represent the airflow. The
row of nozzles may be in a straight line or follow a curved path, as may the
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17
Coanda blowing slot. The suction head when viewed in plan may be straight or
curved.
It should be understood that the nozzles and Coanda slot shown
as annular when viewed from beneath may be straight. That would provide a
pick-up head that may be rectangular, square, elliptical or any shape as well
as
substantially circular when viewed from below. The nozzles may be aimed at
any angle.
The perimeter of the pick-up head may possess bristles to help it
to conform as it passes over irregular surfaces. Other flexible means of
to conforming to irregular surfaces may be employed.
In one embodiment of the invention, another type of collection
chamber may lie substantially parallel to the vortex chamber and the passage
through which the dirt is flung may be near the top of the vortex chamber and
this passageway or hole may be any size.
A means of disconnecting the air to the nozzles may be
employed when repositioning the pick-up head from the floor to ceiling and
vice
versa. This may be automatic or manually activated.
A further embodiment of the invention is where the sucking or
inlet slot may be found more medially than the Coanda blowing slot or nozzles.
2 o In that case, the nozzles, or alternatively to them a slot, may be
placed close to the periphery of the pick-up head whether the pick-up head is
round, rectangular or any shape when viewed from below.
The Coanda blowing slot may be placed inwardly relative to the
nozzles and aiming the jet toward the centre when viewed from below. The
nozzles rnay or may not be deleted.
In this last case, the medial sucking slot may be deleted and a
simple substantially centrally located hole substituted to return the air or
other
fluid to the fluid drive or vortex chamber.
It should be appreciated that in this case the fluid path via a tube
3o may pass through the wall of the passage leading the air to the nozzles or
blowing slot.
Otherwise the removal of dirt is accomplished by the already
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18
mentioned means.
Figure 9 illustrates an underside view of a pick up head 130
according to this further embodiment of the invention. Figure 10 illustrates a
side view of the pick up head 130. The pick up head is annular in shape with a
point 131 for going into the corner of a room. The pick up head 130 has a ring
of nozzles 132 spaced about the periphery of the head 130. The Coanda slot
133 is located towards an outer edge of the head 130. The ring of nozzles 132
directs air down into the carpet to loosen dirt as previously described. The
air is
removed from the carpet surface through a central air inlet 134. The head 130
further includes three rounded spacers 135. These spacers have a smooth
surface and allow the head to easily slide over a carpet surtace and to
otherwise raise it slightly above a smooth floor.
The flow of air about the pick up head is shown by arrows. (The
flow of air through nozzles 132 is not shown).
The air supply to the pick up head 130 is provided by a fan 136
as illustrated in Figures 11 and 12. Figure 11 is a plan view of the fan 136
and
Figure 12 is a cross sectional view. The fan 136 is mounted within a housing
137 having an air inlet 138 and an air outlet 139.
The air inlet 138 is connected by a rigid or flexible tube to the air
2 o inlet 134 of the head 130. The air outlet 139 is connected by flexible or
rigid
tube to the Coanda slot 133. Whether the connection is by a rigid or flexible
tube depends on the type of vacuum cleaner. A flexible tube may be used for a
fan which in use sits on the floor. A rigid tube may be used where the fan is
mounted directly above the head 130.
2 5 It can be seen in Figure 11 that the air inlet 138 feeds the air
substantially tangential to the inside wall to assist the air to assume the
cyclonic
or spiral flow as previously described with reference to Figure 1.
The air inlet 138 feeds an air passageway 140. It can be seen in
Figure 12 that the air outlet passageway cuts through the passageway 140 fed
3 o by the air inlet 138. This enables the air pathways to cross over to
enable the
air inlet 134 of the pick up head 130 to be placed substantially centrally.
Figure 13 shows the fan 136 of Figure 12 in communication with
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19
a vortex chamber 141. This vortex chamber operates in a similar manner to
that already described with reference to Figures 5 and 6. However, the means
by which the vortex chamber 141 is attached to the apparatus is different to
that
as described above. The vortex chamber 141 has a collecting bowl 142 and a
s dirt collecting bag (not shown) within it as previously described. A trapeze
143
is pivotally attached to the apparatus at a point above the bowl 142. The
trapeze can swing away from the bowl to disengage the bowl and can swing
towards the bowl to engage the bowl. When the bowl is engaged as shown in
Figure 13, the bowl is held against a plate like member 143 and is held in
place
io by upward pressure. It can be seen that in this case, there is no need to
use
the rotating action to engage the bowl 142 as previously described. It can
also
be seen that by swinging the trapeze away from the bowl 142, the bowl 142
can quickly drop away to be emptied.
The vortex chamber 142 has a small hole or passageway 144
15 which passes through the bottom of the bowl to the trapeze. The trapeze is
hollow such that the passageway allows air flow to communicate between the
bowl and the trapeze.
Air passageway 144 transmits the air pressure differential that
causes the bag inside bowl 142 to remain inflated while the vortex rotates
2 o within that bag. In this way, the passageway 144 functions in a similar
manner
to tube 116 as described with reference to Figure 6.
As the trapeze is hollow, the air pressure differential is transmitted
through the trapeze from where it pivots at its attachment points. In this
way,
an area of lower cross sectional area, and therefore lower pressure can
25 communicate through the trapeze and back up the inside of the underside of
the bowl. That air pressure may not be found immediately at the engagement
points of the trapeze but a passageway may lead to these points from a more
suitable lower pressure area within the system.
It can be seen that this arrangement represents a very quick and
s o easy way of engagement and disengagement of the dirt collecting bowl 142
including the inflatable bag within it. Another feature of this improved bowl
and
attachment method is that by simple rotation of the bowl between an insert
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hand, the dirt collecting bag may be rotatably sealed onto the dirt as already
described above and disengaged easily for disposal.
This invention offers further advantages over other vacuum
devices. It is potentially smaller, lighter and simpler than many other vacuum
5 devices.
Also, the outside casing or shell may be simply held in position by
its own internal low pressure enabling ease of emptying, cleaning internal
surfaces or for quick access for repairs or maintenance.
There may be quite a number of geometric configurations of the
Zo invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the idea.
It should be appreciated that various other changes and
modifications can be made to the embodiment described without departing
from spirit and scope of the invention.
