Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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ONE-WAY CLUTCHING METHODS BETWEENA LIGATURE AND
A FRAME AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention centers around discovered methods of providing a one-way
clutching
action between a ligature and a frame and applications of the methods to
specific
products. The discovered methods provide a positive locking (i.e. no possible
relative
motion) between a ligature and a frame in one direction. However, a relative
motion
between the ligature and the frame in the opposite direction is possible. One
objective
of this invention is then to discuss the discovered method of providing a one-
way
clutching action between a ligature (i.e. rope, etc.) and a frame. Another
objective of
this invention is to explore the adaptation of the methods of one-way
clutching by other
products. Three methods for creating one-way clutching are discussed. The
methods are
"3-hole method", "2-hole method" and, "loop-turning method". The methods have
diverse applications. They can be incorporated into existing products or be
used in
creating new products. The products discussed in this document include
wearables (i.e.
shoes, boots, clothing items, hats, helmets, hair bows, etc.), tents, cargo
covers, luggage
carriers, convertible tops; ligature ladders, ascending/descending devices,
packaging
items, seat belts, exercise devices, power transmissions, etc. Further, the
invention
allows quick release or adjustments of the ligature with respect to the frame
without the
use of any tools. The frame, depending on the application, may be made from
any rigid,
elastic (or in between) material. Ligature includes ropes, straps and metal,
plastic or
composite wires, etc.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention is based on the inventor's discovered methods of creating a one-
way
clutching action between one body (a frame) and a flexible body (i.e. a
ligature). The
term frame is to be interpreted in a broad sense. The frame can be a new
product or an
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existing product. In general, wherever a ligature has to interact with another
object this
invention offers practical advantage.
The invention is based on a ligature forming a specific size loop within the
body of a
frame. The ligature after following a path ends up passing underneath the
loop. As a
result, relative motion between the ligature and the frame is possible only in
one
direction. This principle is extended into many variations and numerous
applications.
There are three ways for creating a one-way clutching between a frame and a
ligature.
The methods are: "3-hole method", "2-hole method" and, "loop-turning method".
The
methods are based on creating a dynamic frictional lock between two
overlapping
segments of the ligature. The dynamic characteristics of the system are due to
the
proportional increase in the frictional force, within the overlapping segments
of the
ligature, as a function of the applied force.
The frame in the 2-hole method and in the loop-turning method is comprised of
sets of
paired holes. In the 3-hole method, the frame is comprised of sets of 3 holes;
two of the
3 holes in each set will be paired and closely spaced. In either the 2-hole
method or the
3-hole method, the holes that are paired should be spaced apart by a specific
distance. If
the ligature has a round cross section, the inner edge to inner edge distance
between the
paired holes should approximately be equal to the diameter of the ligature. If
the
ligature has a flat cross section, the inner edge to inner edge distance
between the
paired holes should not be longer than the width of the ligature. From the
mechanical
view point the distance between the paired holes is critical because the space
allows the
necessary positive locking when an overlap between two segments of the
ligature is
established. In the case of a 3-hole method, the third hole normally is
located in such a
manner that the three holes form a triangle.
In either 2-hole or 3-hole methods, the ligature enters and exits the two
closely spaced
holes sequentially forming a loop called loop1 between the two closely spaced
holes.
The ligature, in the case of a 2-hole method, loops around the edge of the
frame and
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passes underneath loop l . In the case of the 3-hole method, the ligature
after forming
loop I between the pairs of closely spaced holes I and 2 enters and exits from
the third
hole before passing underneath loop 1. The end of the ligature out from
underneath
loop 1 is being named "free end" in all future references. The free end can be
pulled
freely with respect to the frame. However, exertion of any tensile force on
the other end
of the ligature increases the friction force between the two overlapping
layers of the
ligature causing the ligature and the frame to interlock.
The invention provides two different methods for facilitating the unlocking of
the
system or establishing means for quick adjustment. One method is to introduce
a gap
between the frame and the ligature. The gap allows the user to hold the
ligature and pull
it from underneath loop 1. To provide the gap, in the 3-hole method, either
openings
separate the two paired holes I and 2 from the third hole or the third hole
will be set at
a different elevation. In the case of a 2-hole method, the grooved or stepped
edge of the
frame provides the necessary gap between the ligature and the frame. The
second
method employs a body to form a complete loop around loop 1. In a preferred
practice,
the same ligature that interacts with the frame is used to form the complete
loop. Such
complete loop is formed when the free end of the ligature is passed underneath
loop I
again. Securing means (such as cable or wire tie) can be used to secure the
complete
loop around loop 1. Pulling the complete loop upward unlocks the system.
Pulling the
end of the ligature, which is in the immediate vicinity and underneath loop 1,
tightens
(locks) the system.
The frame in the loop-turning method is comprised of sets of paired holes. The
two
holes that form the paired holes in each set should be spaced close to each
other. A
ligature enters and exits one of the paired holes. The ligature then forms a
1/2 turn loop
around the body of the frame before entering and exiting the other hole of the
set. A
force applied to the frame causes the frame to move freely along the ligature.
However,
a simple turning of the mentioned 1/2 turn loop over the edge of the frame
from one
side to the other establishes an overlap between two segments of the ligature.
This
overlap prevents any relative motion between the frame and the ligature in one
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direction. Relative motion between the ligature and the frame is possible in
the opposite
direction. In other words, the simple loop turning makes the assembly a one-
way
clutch!
The mentioned methods of forming a one-way clutching action have many diverse
applications. Citing every single use is totally beyond the scope here. In
general,
wherever a ligature has to interact with another object the methods of one-way
clutching offer themselves useful. Essentially, either an object (that
requires interaction
with a ligature) adopts the methods of one-way clutching within its body, or a
separate
frame interfaces the object and its ligature. A few examples are cited here
and are
detailed in the following sections.
The methods of one-way clutching have applications in wearables (i.e. clothing
items,
gloves, shoes, helmets, boots, hair bows, etc.). Here, either the wearable
itself plays the
role of the frame or a separate frame acts as an interface between the
wearable and its
ligature. In either case a permanent yet adjustable knot will replace
traditional methods
of fastening. In addition, methods are invented that need only one hand to
tighten or
loosen a ligature. This makes the methods appealing for people who have only
one
hand. Another advantage being that the permanent knot that is formed by the
one-way
clutching methods will never come loose on its own relieving the user from
worrying
about his/her wearable getting untied. Different designs for adopting the
methods to
wearables are discussed.
In packaging, the one-way clutching methods can be an integrated part of the
body of
the package. This discussion extends itself to luggage carriers such as car
top luggage
carriers as well. Similarly, the methods extend to fixtures for securing
several wires
together.
In tents the one-way clutching methods can be an integrated part of the
structure of the
tent or its peg. This discussion extends itself to similar structures such as
parachutes,
convertible tops, and cargo covers. The same extends to ligatures used for
securing a
pole or a tree to a fixed object such as the ground.
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In belts, including seat belts, the one-way clutching methods can be an
integrated part
of the belt or its buckle. The body of the belt is totally or partially
comprised of a
ligature.
In ligature ladders, the one-way clutching methods offer a simple structure
for a totally
adjustable ligature ladder where ladder steps lock to the support ligatures in
one
direction and are free to move in the opposite direction.
The methods have application in ascending/descending devices as well. Such
device is
composed of two pairs of parallel ligatures. Two step-elements, each having
adopted a
method of one-way clutching, intermediate each pair of parallel ligature. The
ascender
pushes and pulls the step elements up the parallel ligatures as he/she climbs.
A
variation of the mentioned structure has application as a muscle exerciser.
In surgery the methods have potential application. Here, segments of the body
to be
stitched play the role of a frame.
In pulling or lifting devices, the methods have proven applications as well.
Here the
frame is held fixed, one end of the ligature is connected to the object being
pulled or
lifted. Pulling the other end of the ligature moves the object toward the
frame.
In power transmission, a fixed frame intermediates the driver and the driven
elements
via a power transmission ligature. This arrangement allows power transmission
only in
one direction and prevents transfer of power in the opposite direction.
Conventional
one-way clutches interact directly with the driver or the driven elements.
However, in
this invention the frame interacts directly with the ligature that connects
the driver and
the driven elements.
BRIEF EXPLANATION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure I shows a frame - ligature assembly using the 3-hole method. Here an
opening
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within the frame provides the gap between the frame and the ligature.
Figure 2 shows a frame using the 3-hole method. Here the central hole is set
at a
higher
elevation in order to create a gap between the frame and the ligature.
Figure 3 shows a frame - ligature assembly using the 2-hole method. Here the
edge of
the frame provides the necessary gap between the frame and the ligature.
Figure 4 shows a frame - ligature assembly using the 3-hole method. Shown here
is
how the ligature forms loops used in unlocking the system.
Figures 5 show the force analysis; stressing the importance of keeping paired
holes
separated from each other by a specific distance.
Figures 6 show methods for reducing the friction between the frame and the
ligature.
Figures 7 show the loop-turning method applied to a round frame.
Figures 8 show how the direct application of the2-hole method to wearables
(the shoe
shown represents a wearable).
Figures 9 show how the direct application of the 3-hole method to wearables
(the shoe
shown represents a wearable).
Figure 10 shows an alternative way of applying the 2-hole method directly to
wearables (the shoe shown represents a wearable).
Figures 11 show how a separate frame with integrated 3-hole method interfaces
a
wearable and its ligature (the shoe shown represents a wearable).
Figures 12 show another possible way that a separate frame with integrated 3-
hole
method interfaces a wearable and its ligature (the shoe shown represents a
wearable).
Figures 13 show yet another possible way that a separate frame with integrated
3-hole
method interfaces a wearable and its ligature (the shoe shown represents a
wearable).
Figures 14 show variation in the design of a frame which interfaces a wearable
and its
ligature.
Figure 15 shows adaptation of the 2-hole method to a ligature ladder.
Figures 16 show adaptation of the loop turning method to ligature ladder
Figure 17 show an ascending/descending composed of parallel ligatures and only
4
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steps
Figure 18 shows a power transmission assembly. Here a fixed frame using the 3-
hole
method intermediates the power transmitting ligature.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
This invention centers around inventor's discovered methods of creating a one-
way
clutching action between a ligature and a frame. Three methods, 2-hole method,
3-hole
method and loop-turning method, and their applications are discussed. The
first part of
this document explains the cited methods followed by examples of the
adaptation of the
methods by other products.
In accordance with this invention, a frame is provided. The frame depending on
where
and why the one-way clutching is needed, can be made from wood, plastic,
leather,
fabric, cardboard, metals, composites, etc. The frame provides strategically
located
openings or holes. Cross section of holes should be similar to and a bit
larger than the
cross section of the ligature. The strategically located openings allow
relative motion
between the ligature and the frame only in one direction. Further, the
strategically
located openings also provide for easy releasing or adjusting of the lock
formed
between the ligature and the frame. Since the frame is needed only to carry
the
openings, the frame itself can assume many different shapes depending on the
particular usage or cosmetic requirement. The frame can be a simple flat body,
a
spherical body, cylindrical body, elliptical body or any combination thereof.
Further,
the frame can be another product altogether. Any product where an interaction
with a
ligature is normally needed can potentially serve as a frame and adopt the
cited
methods within its body.
The frame plays the central role in this invention. To conform to the one-way
clutching
method, the frame will have sets of 2 holes in the 2-hole method, or sets of 3
holes in
the 3-hole method. In a preferred practice, the three mentioned holes of the 3-
hole
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method should form an isosceles triangle. In either case of the 2-hole method
or the 3-
hole method, two of the holes in each set should be spaced apart by a specific
distance.
For ligatures with a round cross section, the specific distance, measured from
the inner
edge of one hole to the inner edge of the other hole, should approximately be
equal to
the diameter of the ligature. Otherwise for ligatures with a flat cross
section, the
specific distance, measured from the inner edge of one hole to the inner edge
of the
other hole, should not be more than the width of the ligature. From the
mechanical
viewpoint, this is an important aspect of this invention because maintaining
the
mentioned specific distance between at least two of the holes assures a
positive locking
between the ligature and the frame in one direction regardless of the
magnitude of the
applied load. With this arrangement, as the load increases, the friction force
increases
as well assuring the formation of a positive lock between the frame and the
ligature.
The methods of one-way clutching will be fully understood from the
accompanying
drawings. Referring to figure 1 that shows the 3-hole method, the frame is
identified as
1, the three holes are identified as 2, 3 and 4, and the opening separating
the two closely
spaced holes 2 and 3 from the third hole 4 is marked as 5. The ligature is
marked as 6.
The normally loaded (i.e. active or under tension) side of the ligature is
marked as 7
and the normally loose end (or free end) of the ligature is marked as 8. Holes
2 and 3
should be spaced apart by the mentioned specific distance. As shown in figure
1,
ligature 6 enters and exits from holes 2 and 3 sequentially. In this manner
loop 9 is
formed by ligature 6 between holes 2 and 3. Loops such as loop 9, formed by
the
ligature within the body of the frame is referred to as loop I in claims and
in other
references throughout this document. Ligature 6 after forming loop 9 enters
and exits
hole 4 before passing underneath loop 9. When a tensile force is applied to
the end 8 of
ligature 6, a relative motion between ligature 6 and frame 1 is possible.
However, when
a tensile force is applied to end 7 of ligature 6, the segment of ligature 6
that forms loop
9 push on the segment underneath and an interlock between frame 1 and ligature
6 will
be established. The larger the tensile force applied to end 7 of ligature 6,
the larger the
friction force between loop 9 and the segment underneath loop 9 and the
stronger is the
lock between ligature 6 and frame 1. To release (untie) the lock between
ligature 6 and
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frame I with ease an opening 5, as shown in figure 1, is introduced separating
holes 2
and 3 from hole 4. Opening 5 allows the user to slip his/her fingers around
the portion
of ligature 6 that passes over opening 5 and to pull it from underneath loop
9. This
pulling from underneath loop 9 creates a relaxation in end 7. This relaxation
reduces
the friction force between the overlapping segments of ligature 6 and
releasing is
imminent. Alternative way for creating a gap between ligature 6 and frame I is
to set
hole 4 at a different elevation than holes 2 and 3 as shown in figure 2. Here
ligature 6
follows the same path as shown in figure 1. The gap between ligature 6 and
frame 1 is
formed close to the edge of hole 4. There may be multiple sets of holes 2, 3,
4, and 5
enabling multiple ligature ends to be tied down to the same frame. Figure 1
shows holes
marked as 10, 11 and 12. The functions of these holes are the same as holes 2,
3 and 4.
Holes 10, 11 and 12 are used to connect the other end of ligature 6 or an end
of another
ligature to the frame. In some applications curvatures 13 are provided along
the
boundary of frame 1, as shown in figure 1. Curvatures 13 allow holding frame I
between thumb and index fingers of one hand while the other hand pulls end 8
of
ligature 6 in order to tighten the system.
The 2-hole method is shown in figure 3. Frame is marked as I and ligature as
6. Holes
14 and 15 should be spaced apart by the mentioned specific distance. Ligature
6 enters
and exits hole 14 and hole 15 in sequence forming loop 9 between holes 14 and
15.
Ligature 6 then forms a loop around the edge of frame 1 before passing
underneath
loop 9. The 2-hole method functions the same as the 3-hole method except that
the gap
between ligature 6 and frame I is provided through a stepped structure 16 at
the edge of
frame 1. It is understood that a groove within the edge of frame I can be used
instead of
the stepped structure.
A different method for quick unlocking of the system is through formation of a
complete loop by ligature 6 around loop 9. Figure 4 shows that end 8 of
ligature 6
forms complete loop 17 around loop 9. Complete loop 17 is secured by element
18.
Pulling segments of ligature 6 that are secured by element 18 upward loosens
the
system. This upward motion pulls loop 9 upward and enables loosening of the
lock. To
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tighten (lock) the system segment 19 of ligature 6 must be pulled. Obviously,
instead of
using ligature 6 to form a complete loop around loop 9, one may employ a
separate
body for the same function.
Figures 5A and 5B show force analysis for a ligature that has a round cross
section. The
analysis stresses the importance of maintaining the mentioned specific
distance
between two paired holes. In figure 5A, the segment of the ligature under loop
I is
marked as 20, the two paired holes are marked as 2 and 3. The vertical force
on section
20 is equal to twice of the tensile force F within the body of the ligature
multiplied by
cosine of the angle shown by numeral 21 (i.e. 2*F*COS(21)). The maximum force
on
section 20 occurs when angle 21 is equal to zero. Angle 21 is equal to zero
when the
inner edge to inner edge distance between holes 2 and 3 is equal to the
diameter of the
ligature (figure 5B). Conclusion is drawn here that in order to establish an
optimum
performance, the distance between two paired holes should be equal to the
diameter of
the ligature. For a ligature with a flat cross section, following the same
analysis,
establishes that the inner edges of holes 2 and 3 should not be spaced apart
more than
the width of the ligature. It is understood that in practice this distance can
be set a little
longer or little shorter than the recommended distance.
Obviously all edges are smooth and all holes have smooth boundaries. Bushings
or
eyelets may be employed to facilitate relative motion between ligature 6 and
frame 1.
In some applications it may be necessary to reduce the friction between the
ligature and
the frame. One may employ pulleys and/or rollers or use a protective layer
made from
low friction materials to reach this objective. Figure 6A shows a typical
situation where
roller 22 is used. Figure 6B show a typical situation where pulleys 23 and 24
are used.
Figure 6C shows one possible way for using a protective shell 25 to reduce
friction
between the frame and the ligature.
Other variations for the design include making the gap between the frame and
the
ligature adjustable. One can simply achieve this by making hole 4 of figure 2
as a
separate body which threads into frame 1.
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rl
Figures 7A and 7B shows the principle behind the loop turning method. Frame
26, as
shown in figures 7A and 7B, comprised of a pair of closely spaced holes 27 and
28.
Ligature 29 enters and exits hole 27. Ligature 29, in a preferred practice,
makes a 1/2
turn loop around the body of frame 26 before entering and exiting hole 28. It
is
understood that ligature 29 can make one or more complete loops around frame
26
before entering and exiting hole 28. Any force applied to frame 26 causes
frame 26 to
move along ligature 29. However, as shown in figure 7B, when the 1/2 turn loop
is
turned from one side to the other side, over an edge of frame 26, two segments
of
ligature 29 overlap. The overlap prevents any relative motion between frame 26
and
ligature 29 in one direction. However relative motion is possible in the
opposite
direction. The loop turning then creates a one-way clutching action between
frame 26
and ligature 29. To reverse the direction of the possible relative motion, one
can turn
the 1/2 turn loop over the opposite edge of frame 26. Alternatively, reversing
the order
in which ligature 29 enters holes 27 and 28 reverses the direction of possible
relative
motion between ligature 29 and element 26. In figures 7A and 7B one end of the
ligature points upward and the other end points downward. Figure 7C shows a
variation
where both ends point in the same direction. Here, ligature 29 enters hole 27
then forms
a complete loop around the body of frame 26 before entering hole 28. The
system
works the same as the systems in figure 7A and 7B.
Examples of the applications of the methods to specific products
This invention has numerous applications. Anywhere that a ligature and a body
have to
interact this invention offers a functional use. Advantages over conventional
methods
of forming a knot are the possibility for infinite adjustment and the ease of
unlocking.
The examples that are mentioned in the following by no means constitute a
complete
list.
Throughout this document the term frame is being defined as any structure with
at least
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one of the methods of one-way clutching integrated within its body.
In wrapping and packaging, one can use ligatures to form loops around the
package.
Ends of the ligatures then will be locked into a frame. Alternatively, the
package itself
can have as part of its structure an integrated frame. Knot zappy is the name
given to a
frame used in general packaging. Knot zappy may have a structure similar to
the one
shown in figure 1. Several Knot Zappys may share a common axis (i.e. be
connected to
a bar). Knot Zappys should be able to freely turn around such axis. This
allows
connecting to ligatures in different directions.
The frame as defined in this invention can replace a belt buckle. Thus
providing an
endless and easy adjustment for the belt. Alternatively, the body of the belt
itself can
function as a frame. This eliminates the need for a separate buckle. The term
belt and
buckle includes seat belts and other similar structures.
Another use for the methods of one-way clutching is in tents and similar
structures.
Segments of the tent that connects, by a ligature, to a tent peg, can adopt
the methods of
one-way clutching and function as a frame. Similarly, the tent peg can adopt
the
methods of one-way clutching and function as a frame as well. The user then
can
simply lock one end of the ligature to the tent and the other end to the peg.
With this
arrangement infinite adjustments and easy release is at hand. Similarly,
structures such
as parachutes, convertible tops and cargo covers can take advantage of the
mentioned
methods.
Since hammocks are usually made from an array of ropes connected to a rigid
body,
the methods of one-way clutching can be used at the junction of the ropes and
the rigid
body.
The methods of one-way clutching have applications in the design of auto top
luggage
racks as well. Here the rack itself serves as the frame with an integrated
method of one-
way clutching within its body.
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Another use for this invention is in the design of backyard swings. Here the
body of the
swing itself functions as a frame that connects via a ligature to a support
structure (i.e. a
tree). Alternatively, a separate frame can be employed to function as an
interface
between the swing body, its ligature and the support ligature.
The methods have application in pulling and lifting devices as well. In this
application
the frame will be set fixed at a desired location. The object to be pulled or
lifted will be
connected to end 7 of ligature 6 (figure 1). Pulling end 8 of ligature 6 pulls
or lifts the
object toward the frame. The advantage is that one does not have to
continuously exert
a tension on end 8. If the tension on end 8 is released, the system locks
itself and the
object remains locked in its position. This discussion extends itself to
towing devices as
well.
Another application for the methods of one-way clutching is in surgery. In
some
surgeries the surgeon uses a ligature to close the cuts and then forms a knot
between the
two ends of the ligature. When the methods of one-way clutching are applied,
the part
of the body to be stitched functions as a frame thus, providing an easy and
adjustable
method for closure of the cut. Alternatively, a separate frame can be used to
lock the
ends of the ligature.
Other applications include a potential use in hair bows. Similarly the methods
provide
an adjustable and releasable means when securing several wires together.
Applying the methods of one-way clutching to wearables creates a permanent
knot that
the user can simply tighten or loosen as needed. There are several methods for
adopting
the one-way clutching methods to wearables. The wearables include clothing
items,
shoes, gloves, boots, helmets, etc. Figures 8A and 8B show the 2-hole method
adapted
to a shoe. Other wearables follow suit. Here, shoe 30 comprised of at least
one set of
holes 31 and 32 on either side of its longitudinal opening 33. Holes 31 and 32
should be
spaced apart by the mentioned specific distance. Shoelace 34 forms loop 35
between
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holes 31 and 32. Ligature 34 then loops around the edge of longitudinal
opening 33
before passing underneath loop 35. The other end of shoelace 34 interacts the
same way
with pairs of holes on the opposite side of longitudinal opening 33. Simply
pulling end
36 of shoelace 34 tightens shoe 30. Untying is done by pulling end 36 out from
underneath loop 35. There are several ways that one can facilitate untying of
shoelace
34. These approaches follow previous discussions of forming a gap between the
ligature and the frame. Specifically, one approach (not shown) is to set the
edge of
longitudinal opening 33 at a different elevation than the elevation of holes
31 and 32.
Another approach is to introduce an opening between loop 35 and the edge of
longitudinal opening 33. The purpose is to create a gap between shoelace 34
and shoe
30. The gap provides space where the user can hold and pull shoelace 34 out
from
underneath loop 35. Alternatively, in a preferred practice, a complete loop 37
is formed
by shoelace 34 around loop 35 and is secured by element 38 as shown in figure
8B.
Pulling the segments secured by element 38 loosens the lock between shoelace
34 and
shoe 30. Tightening is done by pulling the segment of the shoelace immediately
out
from underneath loop 35 (i.e. segment 36, figure 8B).
Figures 9A and 9B show the integration of the 3-hole method in shoes. The
numerals
marking figures 9A and 9B are the same as numerals in figures 8A and 8B except
for
additional hole 39. Shoe 30 is comprised of at least one set of 3 holes 31, 32
and 39 on
either side of its longitudinal opening 33. Holes 31 and 32 should be spaced
apart by
the mentioned specific distance. In a preferred practice, the 3 holes 31, 32
and 39 form
a triangle. Shoelace 34 enters and exits holes 31 and 32 in sequence forming
loop 35
between holes 31 and 32, as shown in figure 9B. Shoelace 34 then enters hole
39 before
passing underneath loop 35. To facilitate the tightening and loosening of
shoelace 34,
methods of providing a gap between the ligature and the frame is applicable
here.
These methods are the same as was discussed above in relation to the 2-hole
method.
Figure 9B shows a preferred practice of forming a complete loop 37 by shoelace
34
around loop 35. Element 38 secures complete loop 37. Again, pulling complete
loop 37
loosens the system. Tightening is done by pulling end 36 of shoelace 34.
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Figure 10 shows yet another method of adopting the 2-hole method to shoes or
other
wearables. Here longitudinal opening 33 comprises of sets of paired holes.
Holes 31
and 32 form one such pair. Holes 40 and 41 are the corresponding pair of holes
alongside the opposite side of longitudinal opening 33. Holes 31 and 32 should
be
spaced apart by the mentioned specific distance. The same applies to holes 40
and 41.
Ligature 34 forms loop 35 between holes 31 and 32. Both ends of ligature 34
after
passing through holes 40 and 41 pass underneath loop 35. Pulling both ends of
ligature
34 outward tightens the assembly. Pulling ligature 34 out from underneath loop
35
loosens the assembly. In a preferred practice, one forms a complete loop
around loop
35. The function of the complete loop is the same as was discussed before.
In some applications the longitudinal opening may require a rigid or semi
rigid edge.
To give the edge some degree of rigidity metals, plastics, leather or similar
material
may be introduced as part of the structure of the edge of the longitudinal
opening.
In the previous sections methods where a wearable itself functioned as a frame
were
discussed. There are several methods where a separate frame functions as an
interface
between a wearable and its ligature. Figures 11, 12, 13 and 14 show these
methods
applied to shoes. Other wearables follow suit. In the case of a shoe the
separate frame
that interfaces the shoe and its shoelace is called a shoe zappy. In figure 11
A, 42 is a
shoe having a series of holes alongside its longitudinal opening 43. Two such
side by
side holes are marked as 44 and 45. Shoelace is 46, frame or shoe zappy is 47.
Shoe
zappy 47 comprises of 5 holes 48, 49, 50, 51 and 52. Hole 50 is centrally
located. Holes
48 and 49 should be spaced apart by the mentioned specific distance. This
applies to
holes 51 and 52 as well. Shoelace 46 after criss-crossing through all but hole
45, enters
and exits hole 48 and 49 of shoe zappy 47 in sequence forming loop 53 between
holes
48 and 49. Shoelace 46, then, first enters hole 45 of shoe 42 (figure 11 A),
and next,
enters hole 50 of shoe zappy 47 before passing underneath loop 53 as shown in
figure
11B. The other end of shoelace 46 interacts with the holes on the opposite
side of
longitudinal opening 43 and holes 50, 51 and 52 of shoe zappy 47 in a similar
fashion.
In order to facilitate untying, in a preferred practice, shoelace 46 forms a
complete loop
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around loop 53. Figure 11 C shows the top view of shoe zappy 47 after both
ends of the
shoelace 46 have formed complete loop 54 around loop 53 on their respective
side.
Element 55 secures complete loop 54 around loop 53. Loosening of shoelace 34
is done
by pulling segments under element 55. Tightening is done by pulling segments
56 and
57 of shoelace 46 simultaneously. Obviously shoelace 46 can criss-cross
through all
holes including hole 45 before forming loop 53 in shoe zappy 47. In this case,
after
formation of loop 53, shoelace 46 passes through hole 50 of shoe zappy 47
before
passing underneath loop 53.
Figures 12A and 12B show another method of using a frame to interface a
wearable
and a ligature. In this method one end of the frame, in a preferred practice,
is secured to
or is an integrated part of the wearable. Otherwise, two independent ligatures
are used,
each ligature interacting with one side of the frame. In figures 12A and 12B
application
of the method to shoes are shown. Other wearables follow suit. In figure 12A
and 12B
only one shoelace is shown. If used, the other shoelace interacts with shoe
zappy and
the shoe in exactly the same way as the shoelace shown in figures 12A and 12
B. In
figure 12A, 58 is a shoe having longitudinal opening 59. Longitudinal opening
59 has
alongside its edge a series of holes. 60 and 61 are two side by side hole of
longitudinal
opening 59. Shoelace is marked as 62 and frame or shoe zappy is marked as 63.
Shoe
zappy 63 has five holes 64, 65, 66, 67 and 68. Holes 64 and 65 should be
spaced apart
by the mentioned specific distance. The same applies to the paired holes 67
and 68.
Shoelace 62 forms loop 69 between holes 64 and 65. Shoelace 62 after passing
through
holes 60 and 61, passes through central hole 66 of shoe zappy 63. Both ends of
shoelace 62 then pass underneath loop 69. Pulling ends 70 and 71 of shoelace
62
outward tightens the assembly. Pulling shoelace 62 out from underneath loop 69
loosens the assembly. In a preferred practice, to facilitate untying, both
ends 70 and 71
of shoelace 62 form a complete loop around loop 69. Figure 12B shows complete
loop
72 formed by shoelace 62 around loop 69. Element 73 secures complete loop 72
around
loop 69. Pulling segments secured by element 73 loosens the system.
Figures 13A and 13B show yet another method for using a separate frame to
interface a
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wearable and a ligature. Figures 13A and 13B shows shoe 74 having a series of
holes
alongside its longitudinal opening 75. Two side by side holes of longitudinal
opening
75 are marked as 76 and 77. Holes 78 and 79 are corresponding holes to holes
76 and
77 on the other side of longitudinal opening 75. Shoelace is marked as 80 and
shoe
zappy having holes 82, 83, 84, 85 and 86 is marked as 81. Holes 82 and 83
should be
spaced apart by the mentioned specific distance. The same applies to holes 85
and 86.
Shoelace 80 forms loop 87 between holes 82 and 83. Shoelace 80 then passes
through
holes 76,77, 78 and 79 as shown in figure 13A. Shoelace 80 then enters holes
85 and 86
of Shoe Zappy 81. Both ends of shoelace 80 then enter central hole 84 before
passing
underneath loop 87. Pulling ends 88 and 89 tightens the assembly. Untying is
done by
pushing Shoe Zappy 81 sidewise. To facilitate untying, complete loop 90 is
formed and
secured around loop 87 by element 91 as shown in figure 13313. Figure 13C
shows a
variation of the design. Here shoe zappy 81 has only 3 holes 82, 83 and 84.
Shoelace 80
follows the path shown in figure 13C and after passing through holes 78 and
79, passes
directly through central hole 84 of shoe zappy 81 before passing underneath
loop 87. In
these adaptations to wearables, only one hand is needed to loosen or tighten
the
assembly. Thus this adaptation is ideal for folks with one hand.
Figure 14A and 14B show yet two other variations of the design. Here holes
used for
forming loop 1 are shared by both ends of the ligature. In figure 14A, shoe 92
comprises
of a longitudinal opening 93. Holes 94 and 95 are a pair of side by side hole
alongside
the edge of longitudinal opening 93. Holes 96 and 97 are corresponding side by
side
holes on the opposite side of longitudinal opening 93. Shoelace is 98. The
frame or
shoe nappy is 99. Shoe zappy 99 has 4 holes; 100,101, 102 and 103. Holes 101
and 102
should be spaced apart by the mentioned specific distance. Holes 100, 101 and
102
form a triangle. In a preferred practice, hole 103 is a mirror image of hole
100 with
respect to an axis joining centers of holes 101 and 102. Shoelace 98 after
criss-crossing
through the holes alongside longitudinal opening 93, passes through hole 94.
Shoelace
98 then forms loop 104 between holes 101 and 102 of shoe zappy 99. Shoelace
98,
then, first passes through hole 95 of shoe 92, and next, passes through hole
100 of shoe
zappy 99 before passing underneath loop 104. The other end of shoelace 98
interacts
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the same way with holes on the opposite side of longitudinal opening 93 and
then forms
another loop 104 between holes 101 and 102. This design functions the same as
other
designs. The difference is that both ends of the shoelace 98 share holes 101
and 102 in
forming loop 104. Figure 14B is a variation in the design where shoe zappy 99
has
three holes 105, 106 and 107. Holes 105 and 106 should be spaced apart by the
mentioned specific distance. Both ends of shoelace 98 form loops 108 between
holes
105 and 106. Both ends of shoelace 98 then enter hole 107 before passing
underneath
loop 108 (only one such loop is shown in the figure). Both ends of shoelace 98
share
holes 105, 106 and 107. Tightening and loosening is done as explained in
conjunction
with other designs. One may wish to form a complete loop around loops 108 as
has
been explained before.
Another use for this invention is in the design of ligature ladders.
Introduction of
methods of one-way clutching to the steps of a ligature ladder provides a
system that is
simple in structure and has a unique feature of being adjustable. Figure 15
shows
formation of a ligature ladder using the 2-hole method. Parallel ligatures 109
and 110
and step elements 111 form a ligature ladder. Each of step elements 111
comprise of
two holes 112 and 113 close to one end and holes 114 and 115 close to the
other end. In
a preferred practice, holes 112 and 113 should be spaced apart by the
mentioned
specific distance. The same applies to holes 114 and 115. Ligature 109 enters
and exits
holes 112 and 113 of step elements l 11 in sequence forming loop 116 between
holes
112 and 113. Ligature 109 then wraps around step element 111 and passes
underneath
loop 116. Ligature 110 interacts with holes 114 and 115 in a similar fashion.
The
assembly procedure continues the same way with other step elements 111 to form
an
adjustable ligature ladder. Here adjustment is possible only in the upward
direction. A
force applied, in the upward direction to step elements causes the step
elements to
move upward relative to the ligature. However, relative motion between the
ligatures
and the step elements in the downward direction is impossible regardless of
the
magnitude of the force applied.
Figure 16A and 16B show formation of a ligature ladder using the loop turning
method.
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Here adjustment is total and is possible in both up or down directions.
Element 117
forms one step of the ladder and two parallel ligatures 118 and 119 are the
support
ligatures. Element 117 comprises of two holes 120 and 121 close to one end and
holes
122 and 123 close to the other end. In a preferred practice, holes 120 and 121
should be
spaced apart by the mentioned specific distance. The same applies to holes 122
and
123. Ligature 118 passes through hole 120, then, forms a 1/2 turn loop 124
around step
element 117, and then, passes through hole 121. The same arrangement is formed
between ligature 119 and holes 122 and 123 as shown in the figure 16A. In this
manner,
element 117 can travel over the length of two parallel ligatures 118 and 119
in either
direction up or down. Ligatures 118 and 119 then follow similar arrangement
with
other elements 117 to form a totally flexible ladder. To lock elements 117 at
any
position along the length of ligatures 118 and 119, the user simply rotates
the 1/2 turn
loops 124 around the edge of elements 117 from one side to the other side as
shown in
figure 16B. This simple loop turning provides a positive locking for elements
117 with
respect to ligatures 118 and 119, in the downward direction. The reason
becomes clear
when figure 16B is studied. Turning the 1/2 turn loop from one side to the
other forms
an overlap between portions of the ligature thus, preventing any downward
movement.
The system works as a fully adjustable ladder. It is also possible to lock
elements 117
with respect to ligatures 118 and 119 in the upward direction instead of the
downward
direction. To accomplish this, ligature 1] 8 should enter hole 121 (instead of
hole 120),
then after forming the 1/2 turn loop, ligature 118 enters hole 120. Similarly,
ligature
119 should enter hole 123 instead of hole 122. To make the design child proof,
one may
employ either an end cap or grooved path at either end of element 117. These
safety
measures are incorporated to make the turning of the 1/2 turn loop from one
side to the
other more involved. Also the use of proper identifiable markings (i.e. color
coding)
will help the user to visually establish if steps are in the locked position.
In either of the methods outlined above, relating to a flexible ladder, one
can move the
ladder steps freely, relative to the support ligatures, in at least one
direction. Based on
this observation, an ascending device comprised of only 4 step elements and 4
parallel
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ligatures is designed. Figure 17 shows that parallel ligatures 125 and 126 and
two
elements 127 and 128 form half of the ascending device. The other half, which
is set up
side-by-side of the first half is formed by parallel ligatures 129 and 130
with step
elements 131 and 132. Elements 127 and 128 interact with ligatures 125 and 126
using
one of the one-way clutching methods. In a preferred practice, the loop
turning method
is the ideal choice for this application. Elements 131 and 132 interact with
their
respective ligatures 129 and 130 in a similar fashion. The climber will have
one of
his/her foot resting on element 128 and the other foot resting on element 132.
Climber
holds elements 127 and 131 in his/her hands. To climb up, the climber shifts
his/her
weight say to the left half of the ascending device and pulls and pushes
elements 131
and 132 of the right half of the ascending device up relative to support
ligatures 129
and 130. Then the climber shifts his/her weight to the right half and pulls
and pushes up
step elements 127 and 128 relative to support ligatures 125 and 126. By
repeating this
rhythmic motion, the climber moves his/her body along with the step elements
up the
support ligatures. Obviously, in order for the climber to pull elements 128
and 132
upward, climber's feet should be connected to elements 128 and 132. This is
simply
done by using a structure similar to a toe clip of bicycle pedals. To provide
additional
safety, strap means connect the body of the climber to the step elements. In
this
manner, if the climber's arms or legs get detached from the step elements, the
strap
means keep the climber connected to the ascending device.
A variation of the above mentioned ascending device comprises of only two
ligatures
and two step-elements. Each ligature connects to the center of a step element
via one of
the one-way clutching methods. The climber uses the mentioned rhythmic motion
to
climb.
In the above-mentioned ascending device, it is required that the climber
shifts his/her
weight from one side to the other side in order to climb. The reason being
that the
tension in the support ligatures translates into a resistance to movement by
the step
elements. This resistance can potentially be used to design an exercise
device. Such
device comprises of parallel ligatures, a frame, and rigid elements. The rigid
elements
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Z1
intermediate the parallel ligatures. The connection between the rigid elements
and the
ligatures follows one of the mentioned methods of one-way clutching. To change
the
resistance setting, the tension in the ligatures has to be adjusted. To change
the ligature
tension, one simply adjusts the ligatures at their connection to the frame.
The ascending devices outlined above can also be used as a descending device.
A
simple loop turning from one side to the other side conforms any "loop
turning"
ascending device into a descending device. The descendor who sits on a step
element or
sits on a seat hanging from the step elements, controls the rate of descent by
holding the
segments of the ligatures that are hanging below the step elements in his/her
hands.
Otherwise, a person at the ground level controls the rate of descent by
exerting tension
on the segments of the ligature that hangs below step elements. The control
can be
electromechanical or manual. It is also clear that forming more than 1/2 turn
loop (i.e.
see figure 7C) around step element causes the rate of descent to a slower
setting.
The ascending devices outlined above can also be set up in the horizontal
direction
rather than in the vertical direction. Such device can be used over rivers,
canyons, etc.
Figure 18 shows adaptation of the methods to power transmission. Here the
assembly
comprises of driver element 133, driven element 134, ligature 135 and frame
136.
Driver element 133 can turn driven element 134 only in one direction, any
attempt to
turn the driver and driven elements in the opposite direction locks up the
system as if a
positive acting brake is applied. Conventional one-way clutches interact
directly with
either the driver or the driven element. However, in this invention, the one-
way
clutching element (i.e. frame 136) interacts directly with the power
transmission
ligature (i.e. ligature 135).
The vast potential of the methods of one-way clutching become more clear when
further examples are studied. The invention can be used as a means for hanging
pictures, bird feeders or plants; as a means for securing breathing mask to
its ligature;
as a means for securing buttons to clothing. The advantage being that the
buttons can be
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replaced at will. Another use for this invention is in bras. Here either each
side of a bra
cup function as a frame or a separate frame interfaces the cups and their
connecting
ligature. The methods can potentially be used in designing animal leach as
well.
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