Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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PERSONAL CARE ARTICLES
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to disposable, personal care articles suitable
for cleansing and/or
therapeutically treating the skin, hair and any other sites in need of such
treatment. These articles comprise
a water insoluble substrate having a nonwoven first layer and a second layer
disposed adjacent to the first
layer; and a cleansing component disposed adjacent to the first layer, wherein
the cleansing component
comprises from about 10% to about 1000%, by weight of the water insoluble
substrate, of a lathering
surfactant and wherein the article exhibits the following surfactant
dissolution related physical properties
individually or in combination with one another. The properties exhibited
include a Dynamic Surface
Tension Value of less than about 54 dynes/ cm2 in beaker 1 and greater than
about 60 dynes/ cmz in beaker
5, a Flash Lather Volume of from about 500 ml to about 3500 ml, a
Latherability of from about 500 ml to
about 7000 ml, a Lather Dissipation Time of from about 5 sec to about 62 sec,
and a Surfactant Dissolution
Extent of greater than about 30 ml in beaker 1, greater than about 30 ml in
beaker 4 and less than about 90
ml in beaker 8. Consumers use the articles by wetting them with water and
rubbing on the area to be
cleansed and/or therapeutically treated (e.g., conditioned).
The invention also encompasses methods for cleansing and conditioning the skin
and hair using the
articles of the present invention.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Personal care products, particularly cleansing and conditioning products, have
traditionally been
marketed in a variety of forms such as bar soaps, creams, lotions, and gels.
Typically, these products have
attempted to satisfy a number of criteria to be acceptable to consumers. These
criteria include cleansing
effectiveness, skin feel, mildness to skin, hair, and ocular inucosae, and
lather volume. Ideal personal
cleansers should gently cleanse the skin or hair, cause little or no
irritation, and should not leave the skin or
hair with a heavy buildup or overly dry when used frequently.
It is also highly desirable to deliver such cleansing and conditioning
benefits from a disposable
product. Disposable products are convenient because they obviate the need to
carry or store cumbersome
bottles, bars, jars, tubes, and other forms of clutter including cleansing
products and other products capable
of providing therapeutic or aesthetic benefits. Disposable products are also a
more sanitary alternative to
the use of a sponge, washcloth, or other cleansing implement intended for
extensive reuse, because such
implements can develop bacterial growth; unpleasant odors, and other
undesirable characteristics related to
repeated use.
The articles of the present invention surprisingly provide effective cleansing
and/or therapeutic
benefits to the skin and hair in a convenient, inexpensive, and sanitary
manner. The present invention
provides the convenience of not needing to carry, store, or use a separate
implement (such as a washcloth or
sponge), a cleanser and/or a therapeutic benefit product. These articles are
convenient to use because they
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are in the form of either a single, disposable personal care article or
multiple disposable articles useful for
cleansing as well as application of a therapeutic or aesthetic benefit agent.
Moreover, these articles are
suitable for use within or in conjunction with another personal care implement
that is designed for more
extensive use. In this instance, the articles of the present invention are
disposed within or attached to a
separate personal care implement that is not readily disposable, e.g., a bath
towel or washcloth. In addition,
the disposable articles of the present invention may be removeably attached to
a handle or grip suitable for
moving the article over the surface to be cleansed and/or therapeutically
treated (e.g., conditioned).
Although in preferred embodiments the articles of the present invention are
suitable for personal
care applications, they may also be useful in a variety of other industries
such as the automotive care, marine
vehicle care, household care, animal care, etc. where surfaces or areas are in
need of cleansing and/or
application of a benefit agent, e.g., wax, conditioner, UV protectant, etc..
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the articles are suitable
for personal care
applications and are useful for cleansing and therapeutically treating the
skin, hair, and similar keratinous
surfaces. Consumers use these articles by wetting them with water and rubbing
them on the area to be
cleansed and treated. The article consists of a water insoluble substrate
having a first nonwoven first layer,
a second layer disposed adjacent to the first layer; and a cleansing component
containing a lathering
surfactant wherein the article exhibits the following physical properties
individually and in combination: I)
a Dynamic Surface Tension Value of less than about 54 dynes/ cm2 in beaker 1
and greater than about 60
dynes/ cmz in beaker 5, 2) a Flash Lather Volume of from about 500 ml to about
3500 ml, 3) a
Latherability of from about 500 ml to about 7000 ml, 4) a Lather Dissipation
Time of from about 5 sec to
about 62 sec, and 5) a Surfactant Dissolution Extent of greater than about 30
ml in beaker 1, greater than
about 30 ml in beaker 4 and less than about 90 ml in beaker 8. Without being
limited by theory, the
substrate enhances lathering which in turn increases cleansing and
exfoliation, and optimizes delivery and
deposition of a therapeutic or aesthetic benefit agent which might be
contained within the article.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a substantially dry, disposable personal care
article suitable for
cleansing, said article comprising:
a) a water insoluble substrate comprising:
1) a nonwoven first layer;
2) a second layer which is disposed adjacent to said first layer;
b) a cleansing component disposed adjacent to said first and second layers,
wherein said component
comprises:
1) from about 10% to about 1000%, by weight of the water insoluble substrate,
of a lathering
surfactant
wherein said article exhibits a Dynamic Surface Tension Value of less than
about 54 dynes/ cmZ in
beaker 1 and greater than about 60 dynes/ cm2 in beaker 5.
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The present invention also relates to a substantially dry, disposable personal
care article suitable
for cleansing, said article comprising:
a) a water insoluble substrate comprising:
1) a nonwoven first layer;
2) a second layer which is disposed adjacent to said first layer;
b) a cleansing component disposed adjacent to said first and second layers,
wherein said component
comprises:
1) from about 10% to about 1000%, by weight of the water insoluble substrate,
of a lathering
surfactant;
wherein said article exhibits a Flash Lather Volume of from about 500 ml to
about 3500 ml.
Another embodiment of the invention relates to a substantially dry, disposable
personal care article
suitable for cleansing, said article comprising:
a) a water insoluble substrate comprising:
1) a nonwoven first layer;
2) a second layer which is disposed adjacent to said first layer;
b) a cleansing component disposed adjacent to said first and second layers,
wherein said component
comprises from about 10% to about 1000%, by weight of the water insoluble
substrate, of a
lathering surfactant;
wherein said article exhibits a Latherability of from about 500 ml to about
7000 ml.
Still another embodiment of the present invention relates to a substantially
dry, disposable personal
care article suitable for cleansing, said article comprising:
a) a water insoluble substrate comprising:
1) a nonwoven first layer;
2) a second layer which is disposed adjacent to said first layer;
b) a cleansing component disposed adjacent to said first and second layers,
wherein said component
comprises from about 10% to about 1000%, by weight of the water insoluble
substrate, of a
lathering surfactant;
wherein said article exhibits a Lather Dissipation Time of from about 5 sec to
about 62 sec.
Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a substantially dry,
disposable personal
care article suitable for cleansing, said article comprising:
a) a water insoluble substrate comprising:
1) a nonwoven first layer;
2) a second layer which is disposed adjacent to said first layer;
b) a cleansing component disposed adjacent to said first and second layers,
wherein said component
comprises from about 10% to about 1000%, by weight of the water insoluble
substrate, of a
lathering surfactant;
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wherein said article exhibits a Surfactant Dissolution Extent of greater than
about 30 ml in beaker 1,
greater than about 30 ml in beaker 4 and less than about 90 ml in beaker 8.
The present invention further relates to the above-mentioned articles that
further comprise a
therapeutic benefit component which comprises from about 10% to about 1000%,
by weight of the water
insoluble substrate, of a therapeutic benefit agent.
The present invention also relates to methods of cleansing and conditioning
the skin and hair which
comprises the steps of: a) wetting such articles with water and b) contacting
the skin or hair with the wetted
articles.
All percentages and ratios used herein, unless otherwise indicated, are by
weight and all
measurements made are at 25°C, unless otherwise designated. The
invention hereof can comprise, consist
of, or consist essentially of, the essential as well as optional ingredients
and components described therein.
In the description of the invention various embodiments and/or individual
features are disclosed.
As will be apparent for the skilled practitioner all combinations of such
embodiments and features are
possible and can result in preferred executions of the invention.
All documents referred to herein, including patents, patent applications, and
printed publications, are
hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety in this disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As used herein, "disposable" is used in its ordinary sense to mean an article
that is disposed or
discarded after a limited number of usage events, preferably less than 25,
more preferably less than about
10, and most preferably less than about 2 entire usage events.
As used herein, "substantially dry" means that the articles of the present
invention exhibit a
Moisture Retention of less than about 0.95 gms, preferably less than about
0.75 gms, even more preferably,
less than about 0.5 gms, even more preferably less than about 0.25 gms, even
still more preferably less than
about 0.15 gms, and most preferably, less than about 0.1 gms. The
determination of the Moisture Retention
is discussed later.
The personal care articles of the present invention comprise the following
essential components.
WATER INSOLUBLE SUBSTRATE
The articles of the present invention comprise a water insoluble substrate
that further comprises at
least two layers, namely a nonwoven first layer and a second layer.
Preferably, the substrate layers are soft
yet invigorating to the skin of the consumer when used. Accordingly, the
layers are "non-scouring". As
used herein, "non-scouring" means that the layers preferably exhibit an
Abrasiveness Value of greater than
about 15, preferably greater than about 30, more preferably greater than about
50, even more preferably
greater than about 70, and most preferably greater than about 80 as defined by
the Abrasiveness Value
Methodology detailed below. In any case, however, the nonwoven first layer and
second layer are each
defined as having both an interior and exterior surface. In both cases, the
interior surfaces of the layers are
those which face the inside or innermost portion of the article of the present
invention whereas the exterior
surfaces of the layers are those which face the outside or outermost portion
of the article. Generally, the
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orientation of the articles of the present invention may be defined such that
the second layer is closer to the
side of the article suitable for gripping (i.e., the gripping side) while the
nonwoven first layer is closer to the
side of the article to be contacted with the area to be cleansed and/or
therapeutically treated, e.g. the
skin/site contact side. Both sides of the article, however, are suitable for
contact with the skin.
5 Without being limited by theory, it is believed that the water insoluble
substrate enhances cleansing
and/or therapeutic treatment. The substrate can have the same or differing
textures on each side such that
the gripping side of the article is the same or a different texture as the
skin/site contact side. The substrate
may act as an efficient lathering and exfoliating implement. By physically
coming into contact with the skin
or hair, the substrate significantly aids in cleansing and removal of dirt,
makeup, dead skin, and other debris.
In preferred embodiments, however, the substrate is non-scouring or
nonabrasive to the skin.
NONWOVEN FIRST LAYER
The water insoluble substrate of the present invention further comprises a
nonwoven first layer.
This nonwoven first layer is preferably fluid-permeable. This nonwoven first
layer is useful for engaging or
retaining the cleansing component within the article. Furthermore, the
nonwoven first layer may also be
suitable for contact with the skin in which case it is preferred that the
layer is soft to the skin.
Materials suitable for the nonwoven layer are selected from the group
consisting of cellulosic
nonwovens, non-lofty nonwovens, sponges (i.e., both natural and synthetic),
formed films, non-lofty
battings, and combinations thereof. Preferably, the nonwoven layer comprises
materials selected from the
group consisting of cellulosic nonwovens, non-lofty nonwovens, formed films,
non-lofty battings, foams,
sponges, reticulated foams, vacuum-formed laminates, scrims, polymeric nets,
and combinations thereof.
More preferably, the nonwoven layer comprises materials selected from the
group consisting of cellulosic
nonwovens, non-lofty nonwovens, formed films, non-lofty battings, and
combinations thereof. As used
herein, "nonwoven" means that the layer does not comprise fibers which are
woven into a fabric but the
layer need not comprise fibers at all, e.g., formed films, sponges, foams,
scrims, etc.. When the layer
comprises fiber, the fibers can either be random (i.e., randomly aligned) or
they can be carded (i.e., combed
to be oriented in primarily one direction). Furthermore, the nonwoven layer
can be a composite material
composed of a combination of additional layers, i.e., plies, of random and
carded fibers.
In a preferred embodiment, the nonwoven first layer is apertured. The
apertures in the nonwoven
first layer of the water insoluble substrate will generally range in average
diameter between about 0.5 mm
and 5 mm. More preferably, the apertures will range in size between about 1 mm
to 4 mm in average
diameter. Preferably, no more than about 10% of the apertures in the nonwoven
first layer of the substrate
will fall outside these size ranges. More preferably, no more than about 5% of
the apertwes in the
nonwoven first layer will fall outside these size ranges. For apertures which
are not circular in shape, the
"diameter" of the aperture refers to the diameter of a circular opening having
the same surface area as the
opening of the non-circular shaped-aperture.
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Within the nonwoven first layer, the apertures will generally occur at a
frequency of from about 0.5
to 12 apertures per straight linear centimeter. More preferably, the apertures
in the cleansing surface will
occur at a frequency of from about 1.5 to 6 apertures per straight linear
centimeter.
The apertures must at least be placed within the nonwoven first layer. Such
apertures need not
protrude completely through one surface of the nonwoven first layer to the
other. They, however, may do
so. Additionally, apertures may or may not be placed in the additional layers
of the substrate such that the
article is apertured through it's entire volume.
Apertures may be formed in the nonwoven first layer of the water insoluble
substrate as such a
substrate, or layer thereof, is being formed or fabricated. Alternatively,
apertures may be formed in the
nonwoven first layer after the substrate comprising the layer has been
completely formed.
The nonwoven first layer may comprise a variety of both natural and synthetic
fibers or materials.
As used herein, "natural" means that the materials are derived from plants,
animals, insects or byproducts of
plants, animals, and insects. The conventional base starting material is
usually a fibrous web comprising
any of the common synthetic or natural textile-length fibers, or combinations
thereof.
Nonlimiting examples of natural materials useful in the present invention
include, but are not
limited to, silk fibers, keratin fibers and cellulosic fibers. Nonlimiting
examples of keratin fibers include
those selected from the group consisting of wool fibers, camel hair fibers,
and the like. Nonlimiting
examples of cellulosic fibers include those selected from the group consisting
of wood pulp fibers, cotton
fibers, hemp fibers, jute fibers, flax fibers, and combinations thereof.
Cellulosic fiber materials are
preferred in the present invention.
Nonlimiting examples of synthetic materials useful in the present invention
include those selected
from the group consisting of acetate fibers, acrylic fibers, cellulose ester
fibers, modacrylic fibers,
polyamide fibers, polyester fibers, polyolefin fibers, polyvinyl alcohol
fibers, rayon fibers, polyethylene
foam, polyurethane foam, and combinations thereof. Examples of suitable
synthetic materials include
acrylics such as acrilan, creslan, and the acrylonitrile-based fiber, orlon;
cellulose ester fibers such as
cellulose acetate, arnel, and acele; polyamides such as nylons (e.g., nylon 6,
nylon 66, nylon 610, and the
like); polyesters such as fortrel, kodel, and the polyethylene terephthalate
fiber, polybutylene terephthalate
fiber, dacron; polyolefins such as polypropylene, polyethylene; polyvinyl
acetate fibers; polyurethane foams
and combinations thereof. These and other suitable fibers and the nonwovens
prepared therefrom are
generally described in Riedel, "Nonwoven Bonding Methods and Materials,"
Nonwoven World (1987); The
Encyclopedia Americana, vol. 11, pp. 147-153, and vol. 26, pp. 566-581 (1984);
U. S. Patent No.
4,891,227, to Thaman et al., issued January 2, 1990; and U. S. Patent No.
4,891,228, each of which is
incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
A preferred nonwoven first layer comprises batting which comprises synthetic
fibers. Preferred
synthetic fibers may be selected from the group consisting of nylon fibers,
rayon fibers, polyolefin fibers,
polyester fibers, and combinations thereof. Preferred polyolefin fibers are
fibers selected from the group
consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, polypentene, and
combinations and copolymers
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thereof. More preferred polyolefin fibers are fibers selected from the group
consisting of polyethylene,
polypropylene, and combinations and copolymers thereof. Preferred polyester
fibers are fibers selected
from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene
terephthalate,
polycyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate, and combinations and copolymers
thereof. More preferred
polyester fibers are fibers selected from the group consisting of polyethylene
terephthalate, polybutylene
terephthalate, and combinations and copolymers thereof. Most preferred
synthetic fibers comprise solid
staple polyester fibers which comprise polyethylene terephthalate
homopolymers. . Suitable synthetic
materials may include solid single component (i.e., chemically homogeneous)
fibers, multiconstituent fibers
(i.e., more than one type of material making up each fiber), and
multicomponent fibers (i.e., synthetic fibers
which comprise two or more distinct filament types which are somehow
intertwined to produce a larger
fiber), and combinations thereof., Preferred fibers include bicomponent
fibers, multiconstituent fibers, and
combinations thereof. Such bicomponent fibers may have a core-sheath
configuration or a side-by-side
configuration. In either instance, the nonwoven layer may comprise either a
combination of fibers
comprising the above-listed materials or fibers which themselves comprise a
combination of the above-listed
materials.
For the core-sheath fibers, preferably, the cores comprise materials selected
from the group
consisting of polyesters, polyolefins having a Tg of at least about
10°C higher than the sheath material, and
combinations thereof. Conversely, the sheaths of the bicomponent fibers
preferably comprise materials
selected from the group consisting of polyolefins having a Tg of at least
about 10°C lower than the core
material, polyesters polyolefins having a Tg of at least about 10°C
lower than the core material, and
combinations thereof.
In any instance, side-by side configuration, core-sheath configuration, or
solid single component
configuration, the fibers of the nonwoven first layer may exhibit a helical or
spiral or crimped configuration,
particularly the bicomponent type fibers.
Nonwovens made from natural materials consist of webs or sheets most commonly
formed on a
fine wire screen from a liquid suspension of the fibers. See C.A. Hampel et
al., The Encyclopedia of
Chemistry, third edition, 1973, pp. 793-795 (1973); The Encyclogedia
Americana, vol. 21, pp. 376-383
(1984); and G.A. Smook, Handbook of Pulp and Paper Technologies, Technical
Association for the Pulp
and Paper Industry ( 1986); which are incorporated by reference herein in
their entirety.
Natural material nonwovens useful in the present invention may be obtained
from a wide variety of
commercial sources. Nonlimiting examples of suitable commercially available
paper layers useful herein
include Airtex~, an embossed airlaid cellulosic layer having a base weight of
about 71 gsy, available from
James River, Green Bay, WI; and Walkisoft~, an embossed airlaid cellulosic
having a base weight of about
75 gsy, available from Walkisoft U.S.A., Mount Holly, NC.
Additional suitable nonwoven materials include, but are not limited to, those
disclosed in U. S.
Patent Nos. 4,447,294, issued to Osborn on May 8, 1984; 4,603,176 issued to
Bjorkquist on July 29, 1986;
4,981,557 issued to Bjorkquist on January 1, 1991; 5,085,736 issued to
Bjorkquist on February 4, 1992;
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5,138,002 issued to Bjorkquist on August 8, 1992; 5,262,007 issued to Phan et
al. on November 16, 1993;
5,264,082, issued to Phan et al. on November 23, 1993; 4,637,859 issued to
Trokhan on January 20, 1987;
4,529,480 issued to Trokhan on July 16, 1985; 4,687,153 issued to McNeil on
August 18, 1987; 5,223,096
issued to Phan et al. on June 29, 1993 and 5,679,222, issued to Rasch et al.
on October 21, 1997, each of
which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
Methods of making nonwovens are well known in the art. Generally, these
nonwovens can be
made by air-laying, water-laying, meltblowing, coforming, spunbonding, or
carding processes in which the
fibers or filaments are first cut to desired lengths from long strands, passed
into a water or air stream, and
then deposited onto a screen through which the fiber-laden air or water is
passed. The resulting layer,
regardless of its method of production or composition, is then subjected to at
least one of several types of
bonding operations to anchor the individual fibers together to form a self-
sustaining web. In the present
invention the nonwoven first layer can be prepared by a variety of processes
including, but not limited to,
air-entanglement, hydroentanglement, thermal bonding, and combinations of
these processes.
Nonwoven substrates made from synthetic materials useful in the present
invention can be obtained
from a wide variety of commercial sources. Nonlimiting examples of suitable
nonwoven first layer
materials useful herein include HEF 40-047, an apertured hydroentangled
material containing about 50%
rayon and 50% polyester, and having a basis weight of about 61 grams per
square meter (gsm), available
from Veratec, Inc., Walpole, MA; HEF 140-102, an apertured hydroentangled
material containing about
50% rayon and 50% polyester, and having a basis weight of about 67 gsm,
available from Veratec, Inc.,
Walpole, MA; Novonet~ 149-616, a thermo-bonded grid patterned material
containing about 100%
polypropylene, and having a basis weight of about 60 gsm available from
Veratec, Inc., Walpole, MA;
Novonet~ 149-801, a thermo-bonded grid patterned material containing about 69%
rayon, about 25%
polypropylene, and about 6% cotton, and having a basis weight of about 90 gsm,
available from Veratec,
Inc. Walpole, MA; Novonet~ 149-191, a thermo-bonded grid patterned material
containing about 69%
rayon, about 25% polypropylene, and about 6% cotton, and having a basis weight
of about 120 gsm,
available from Veratec, Inc. Walpole, MA; HEF Nubtex~ 149-801, a nubbed,
apertured hydroentangled
material, containing about 100% polyester, and having a basis weight of about
84 gsm , available from
Veratec, Inc. Walpole, MA; Keybak~ 951V, a dry formed apertured material,
containing about 75% rayon,
about 25% acrylic fibers, and having a basis weight of about 51 gsm, available
from Chicopee, New
Brunswick, NJ; Keybak~ 1368, an apertured material, containing about 75%
rayon, about 25% polyester,
and having a basis weight of about 47 gsm, available from Chicopee, New
Brunswick, NJ; Duralace~ 1236,
an apertured, hydroentangled material, containing about 100% rayon, and having
a basis weight from about
48 gsm to about 138 gsm, available from Chicopee, New Brunswick, NJ; Duralace~
5904, an apertured,
hydroentangled material, containing about 100% polyester, and having a basis
weight from about 48 gsm to
about 138 gsm, available from Chicopee, New Brunswick, NJ; Chicopee~ 5763, a
carded hydroapertured
material (8x6 apertures per inch, 3X2 apertures per cm), containing about 70%
rayon, about 30% polyester,
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and a optionally a latex binder (Acrylate or EVA based) of up to about 5% w/w,
and having a basis weight
from about 60 gsm to about 90 gsm , available form Chicopee, New Brunswick,
NJ; Chicopee~ 9900 series
(e.g., Chicopee 9931, 62 gsm, 50/50 rayon/polyester, and Chicopee 9950 SO gsm,
50/50 rayon/polyester), a
carded, hydroentangled material, containing a fiber composition of from 50%
rayon/50% polyester to 0%
rayon/100% polyester or 100% rayon/0% polyester, and having a basis weight of
from about 36 gsm to
about 84 gsm, available form Chicopee, New Brunswick, NJ; Sontara 8868, a
hydroentangled material,
containing about 50% cellulose and about 50% polyester, and having a basis
weight of about 72 gsm,
available from Dupont Chemical Corp. Preferred non-woven substrate materials
have a basis weight of
about from 24 gsm to about 96 gsm, more preferably from about 36 gsm to about
84 gsm, and most
preferably from about 42 gsm to about 78 gsm.
The nonwoven first layer may also be a polymeric mesh sponge as described in
European Patent
Application No. EP 702550A1 published March 27, 1996, which is incorporated by
reference herein in its
entirety. Such polymeric mesh sponges comprise a plurality of plies of an
extruded tubular netting mesh
prepared from nylon or a strong flexible polymer, such as addition polymers of
olefin monomers and
polyamides of polycarboxylic acids.
The nonwoven first layer may also comprise formed films and composite
materials, i.e., multiple
materials containing formed films. Preferably, such formed films comprise
plastics which tend to be soft to
the skin. Suitable soft plastic formed films include, but are not limited to,
polyolefins such as low density
polyethylenes (LDPE). In such cases where the nonwoven first layer comprises a
plastic formed film, it is
preferred that the nonwoven first layer be apertured, e.g., macroapertured or
microapertured, such that the
layer is fluid permeable. In one embodiment, the nonwoven first layer
comprises a plastic formed film
which is only microapertured. The surface aberrations of the microapertures,
i.e., the male side, are
preferably located on the interior surface of the second layer and preferably
face toward the inside of the
substrate, i. e., toward the cleansing component/ therapeutic benefit
component. In certain embodiments
which include apertures having petal-like edged surface aberrations, without
being limited by theory, it is
believed that when the surface aberrations of the apertures face toward the
surfactant-containing cleansing
component/ therapeutic benefit component, the application of pressure by the
hand to the article allows the
petal-like edges of the surface aberrations to fold inward thereby creating
numerous valves on the interior
surface of the layer which in effect meter out the cleansing
componenbtherapeutic benefit component
contained within the article thereby extending the article's useful life.
In another embodiment, the nonwoven first layer comprises a plastic formed
film which is both
microapertured and macroapertured. In such embodiments, the nonwoven first
layer is well-suited to
contact the area to be cleansed and/or therapeutically treated given the cloth-
like feel of such microapertured
films. Preferably, in such an embodiment, the surface aberrations of the
microapertures face opposite of the
surface aberrations of the macroapertures on the nonwoven first layer. In such
an instance, it is believed that
the macroapertures maximize the overall wetting/lathering of the article by
the three-dimensional thickness
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formed from the surface aberrations which are under constant compression and
decompression during the
use of the article thereby creating lathering bellows.
In any case, the nonwoven first layer comprising a formed film preferably has
at least about 100
apertures/cmz, more preferably at least 500 apertures/cm2, even still more
preferably at least about 1000
5 apertures/cmZ, and most preferably at least about 1500 apertures/cmZ of the
substrate. More preferred
embodiments of the present invention include a nonwoven first layer which has
water flux rate of from about
5 cm3/cmz-s to about 70 cm3/cm2-s, more preferably from about 10 cm3/cm2-s to
about 50 cm3/cm2-s and
most preferably from about 15 cm3/cm2-s to about 40 cm3/cm2-s.
Suitable formed films and formed film-containing composite materials useful in
the nonwoven first
10 layer of the present invention include, but are not limited to, those
disclosed in U. S. Patent No. 4,342,314
issued to Radel et al. on August 3, 1982, commonly assigned co-pending
application U. S. Serial No.
08/326,571 and PCT Application No. U595/07435, filed June 12, 1995 and
published January 11, 1996,
and U. S. Patent No. 4,629,643, issued to Curro et al. on December 16, 1986,
each of which is incorporated
by reference herein in its entirety. Furthermore, the nonwoven first layer may
be a formed film composite
material comprising at least one formed film and at least one nonwoven wherein
the layer is vacuum formed.
A suitable formed film composite material includes, but is not limited to, a
vacuum laminated composite
formed film material formed by combining a carded polypropylene nonwoven
having a basis weight of 30
gsm with a formed film.
Additionally, the nonwoven first layer and the second layer (as well as any
additional layers) are
preferably bonded to one another in order to maintain the integrity of the
article. This bonding may consist
of spot bonding (e.g., hot point bonding), continuous joining (e.g.,
laminated, etc.) or in a discontinuous
pattern, or by bonding at the external edges (or periphery) of the layers
and/or at discrete loci or
combinations thereof. The bonding may also be arranged such that geometric
shapes and patterns, e.g.
diamonds, circles, squares, etc., are created on the exterior surfaces of the
layers and the resulting article.
It is also envisioned in the articles of the present invention that the first
layer and any additional
layers may be surface modified to form single composite layer having 2 sides
with different textures. Thus,
in effect, the water insoluble substrate can be construed as comprising a
single composite layer with dual
textured sides or surfaces.
In any event, it is preferred that the bonded area present between the
nonwoven first layer and
second layer be not greater than about 50% of the total surface area of the
layers, preferably not greater than
about 15%, more preferably not greater than about 10%, and most preferably not
greater than about 8%.
Each of the layers discussed herein comprises at least two surfaces, namely an
interior surface and
an exterior surface, each of which may have the same or different texture and
abrasiveness. Preferably, the
articles of the present invention comprise substrates and therefore layers
which are soft to the skin.
However, differing texture substrates can result from the use of different
combinations of materials or from
the use of different manufacturing processes or a combination thereof. For
instance, a dual textured water
insoluble substrate can be made to provide a personal care article with the
advantage of having a more
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abrasive side for exfoliation and a softer, absorbent side for gentle
cleansing and/or therapeutic treatment.
In addition, the separate layers of the substrate can be manufactured to have
different colors, thereby helping
the user to further distinguish the surfaces.
Furthermore, each of the layers of the articles as well as the articles
themselves may be made into a
wide variety of shapes and forms including flat pads, thick pads, thin sheets,
ball-shaped implements,
irregularly shaped implements. The exact size of the layers will depend upon
the desired use and
characteristics of the article and may range in surface area size from about a
square inch to about hundreds
of square inches.. Especially convenient layer and article shapes include, but
are not limited to, square,
circular, rectangular, hourglass, mitt-type or oval shapes having a surface
area of from about 5 in2 to about
200 in2, preferably from about 6 in2 to about 120 in2, and more preferably
from about 15 in2 to about 100
in2, and a thickness of from about 0.5 mm to about 50 mm, preferably from
about 1 mm to about 25 mm,
and more preferably from about 2 mm to about 20 mm.
SECOND LAYER
The articles of the present invention further comprise a second layer. The
second layer comprises
materials selected from the group consisting of nonwovens, wovens, sponges,
arid combinations thereof.
This second layer is useful for providing a different texture side to the
article of the present invention as well
as acting as an additional carrier for the cleansing component and/or
therapeutic benefit component.
Nonwovens suitable for use in the second layer include but are not limited to
those discussed above
in the Nonwoven First Layer section. In addition, suitable wovens include, but
are not limited to, polymeric
nets (scrims). Srims comprise fibers such as those mentioned as suitable for
the nonwoven first layer.
In a preferred embodiment the second layer comprises a woven comprising a
synthetic material
comprising nylon fibers. A more preferred synthetic material comprises nylon
fibers formed into a scrim
layer having additional nylon fibers bonded thereto such that the additional
fibers form arcs on the scrim
layer.
Properties of the Lad
Abrasiveness Value Methodoloey
The Abrasiveness Value indicates the "non-scouring" property of the nonwoven
first layer of the
present articles. The nonwoven first layer of the present invention are mildly
exfoliating but are not rough
to the skin. Therefore, the Abrasiveness Value determination involves rubbing
the substrate along a test
surface using a mechanical device and then examining the resulting scratch
marks produced on the test
surface using different analysis techniques.
The following equipment is needed for the methodology.
Martindale Toothbrush Wear and Abrasion Tester: Model 103, serial nos. 103-
1386/2 upwards.
Martindale 07-O1-88 made by James H. Heal and Co. Ltd. Textile Testing and QC
Equipment. Foot
area: 43x44mm. 1Kg weight.
2. Capped Polystyrene strips 11x8cm. Clear general purpose polystyrene layer
on white High Impact
Polystyrene, e. g., EMA Model Supplies SS-20201L.
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3. Substrates to be tested.
4. Glossmeter, e.g. Sheen Tri-Microgloss 20-60-85
Prepare the polystyrene strips for scratching by removing plastic protective
coating from the side to
be scratched and rinsing with ethanol (do not use tissue). Place the strip
onto non abrasive surface and
allow strip to dry in the air. Then, attach the polystyrene strip to the base
of a Martindale wear tester with
tape along the edges. Align the strip centrally under the path of the
scrubbing device, with the length of the
strip in the direction of movement. Cut a 2.5" x 2.5" substrate sample. Attach
the substrate sample to the
scrubbing foot of the Martindale wear tester, with double sided tape, aligning
the machine direction of the
substrate with the direction of travel. Secure the scrubbing foot assembly
into the instrument with the
screws supplied. Slot IKg weight on to the top of the scrubbing foot assembly
and ensure the scrubbing
foot moves only in one direction (forward and backwards). Cover the entire
Martindale wear tester with a
safety screen. Set the machine to perform 50 cycles in 1 minute and allow to
run. (Frequency = 0.833Hz).
Once the machine has stopped take off the footer assembly and lift the
polystyrene strip off the base of the
machine. Label the polystyrene indicating the substrate used and store in a
plastic bag.
Next, the strips are analyzed. The strips are placed on a black construction
paper background and
at least 5 samples of the same substrate are analyzed to get a reproducible
average. The Glossmeter is
placed orthogonally (such that light beam is at right angles to scratches) and
centrally over the scratched
side of the polystyrene strip. A 20° angle is selected and the sample
is measured yielding the Abrasiveness
Value. As the Abrasiveness Value decreases the scratchiness or scouring
property of a substrate increases.
CLEANSING COMPONENT
The articles of the present invention comprise a cleansing component which
further comprises one
or more surfactants. The cleansing component is disposed adjacent to the water
insoluble substrate. In
certain embodiments, the cleansing component is impregnated into the water
insoluble substrate. In another
embodiment, the cleansing component is deposited onto either or both surfaces
of the water insoluble
substrate. The articles of the present invention comprise from about 10% to
about 1,000%, preferably from
about SO% to about 600%, and more preferably from about 100% to about 250%,
based on the weight of the
water insoluble substrate, of the surfactant. Also, the articles of the
present invention preferably comprise at
least about 1 gram, by weight of the water insoluble substrate, of a
surfactant. Thus, the cleansing
component may be added to the substrate without requiring a drying process.
The surfactants of the cleansing component are preferably lathering
surfactants. As used herein,
"lathering surfactant" means a surfactant, which when combined with water and
mechanically ~ agitated
generates a foam or lather. Such surfactants are preferred since increased
lather is important to consumers
as an indication of cleansing effectiveness. In certain embodiments, the
surfactants or combinations of
surfactants are mild. As used herein, "mild" means that the surfactants as
well as to the articles of the
present invention demonstrate skin mildness comparable to a mild alkyl
glyceryl ether sulfonate (AGS)
surfactant based synthetic bar, i.e., synbar. Methods for measuring mildness,
or inversely the irritancy, of
surfactant containing articles, are based on a skin barrier destruction test.
In this test, the milder the
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surfactant, the lesser the skin barrier is destroyed. Skin barrier destruction
is measured by the relative
amount of radio-labeled (tritium labeled) water (3H-H20) which passes from the
test solution through the
skin epidermis into the physiological buffer contained in the diffusate
chamber. This test is described by
T.J. Franz in the J. Invest. Dermatol., 1975, 64, pp. 190-195; and in U. S.
Patent No. 4,673,525, to Small et
al., issued June 16, 1987, which are both incorporated by reference herein in
their entirety. Other testing
methodologies for determining surfactant mildness well known to one skilled in
the art can also be used.
A wide variety of lathering surfactants are useful herein and include those
selected from the group
consisting of anionic lathering surfactants, nonionic lathering surfactants,
cationic lathering surfactants,
amphoteric lathering surfactants, and mixtures thereof.
Anionic Lathering Surfactants
Nonlimiting examples of anionic lathering surfactants useful in the
compositions of the present
invention are disclosed in McCutcheon's, Detergents and Emulsifiers, North
American edition ( 1986),
published by Allured Publishing Corporation; McCutcheon s, Functional
Materials, North American Edition
(1992); and U. S. Patent No. 3,929,678, to Laughlin et al., issued December
30, 1975, each of which is
incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
A wide variety of anionic surfactants are potentially useful herein.
Nonlimiting examples of
anionic lathering surfactants include those selected from the group consisting
of alkyl and alkyl ether
sulfates, sulfated monoglycerides, sulfonated olefins, alkyl aryl sulfonates,
primary or secondary alkane
sulfonates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, acyl taurates, acyl isethionates, alkyl
glycerylether sulfonate, sulfonated
methyl esters, sulfonated fatty acids, alkyl phosphates, acyl glutamates, acyl
sarcosinates, alkyl
sulfoacetates, acylated peptides, alkyl ether carboxylates, acyl lactylates,
anionic fluorosurfactants, and
combinations thereof. Combinations of anionic surfactants can be used
effectively in the present invention.
Anionic surfactants for use in the cleansing component include alkyl and alkyl
ether sulfates.
These materials have the respective formulae R10-S03M and R1(CH2H40)x-O-S03M,
wherein R1 is a
saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl group from about 8 to
about 24 carbon atoms, x is 1
to 10, and M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium,
magnesium, triethanolamine,
diethanolamine and monoethanolamine. The alkyl sulfates are typically made by
the sulfation of
monohydric alcohols (having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms) using
sulfur trioxide or other known
sulfation technique. The alkyl ether sulfates are typically made as
condensation products of ethylene oxide
and monohydric alcohols (having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms) and
then sulfated. These alcohols
can be derived from fats, e.g., coconut oil or tallow, or can be synthetic.
Specific examples of alkyl sulfates
which may be used in the cleansing component are sodium, ammonium, potassium,
magnesium, or TEA
salts of lauryl or myristyl sulfate. Examples of alkyl ether sulfates which
may be used include ammonium,
sodium, magnesium, or TEA laureth-3 sulfate.
Another suitable class of anionic surfactants are the sulfated monoglycerides
of the form R1C0-O-
CH2-C(OH)H-CH2-O-S03M, wherein R1 is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or
unbranched alkyl
group from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, and M is a water-soluble canon
such as ammonium, sodium,
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potassium, magnesium, triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine.
These are typically made
by the reaction of glycerin with fatty acids (having from about 8 to about 24
carbon atoms) to form a
monoglyceride and the subsequent sulfation of this monoglyceride with sulfur
trioxide. An example of a
sulfated monoglyceride is sodium cocomonoglyceride sulfate.
Other suitable anionic surfactants include olefin sulfonates of the form
R1S03M, wherein R1 is a
mono-olefin having from about 12 to about 24 carbon atoms, and M is a water-
soluble cation such as
ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, triethanolamine, diethanolamine and
monoethanolamine.
These compounds can be produced by the sulfonation of alpha olefins by means
of uncomplexed sulfur
trioxide, followed by neutralization of the acid reaction mixture in
conditions such that any sultones which
have been formed in the reaction are hydrolyzed to give the corresponding
hydroxyalkanesulfonate. An
example of a sulfonated olefin is sodium C14/C16 alpha olefin sulfonate.
Other suitable anionic surfactants are the linear alkylbenzene sulfonates of
the form R1-C6H4-
S03M, wherein R1 is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl
group from about 8 to about
24 carbon atoms, and M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium,
potassium, magnesium,
triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine. These are formed by the
sulfonation of linear
alkyl benzene with sulfur trioxide. An example of this anionic surfactant is
sodium dodecylbenzene
sulfonate.
Still other anionic surfactants suitable for this cleansing component include
the primary or
secondary alkane sulfonates of the form R1S03M, wherein R1 is a saturated or
unsaturated, branched or
unbranched alkyl chain from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, and M is a water-
soluble canon such as
ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, triethanolamine, diethanolamine and
monoethanolamine.
These are commonly formed by the sulfonation of paraffins using sulfur dioxide
in the presence of chlorine
and ultraviolet light or another known sulfonation method. The sulfonation can
occur in either the
secondary or primary positions of the alkyl chain. An example of an alkane
sulfonate useful herein is alkali
metal or ammonium C 13-C 17 paraffin sulfonates.
Still other suitable anionic surfactants are the alkyl sulfosuccinates, which,
include disodium N-
octadecylsulfosuccinamate; diammonium lauryl sulfosuccinate; tetrasodium N-
(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-N-
octadecylsulfosuccinate; diamyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinic acid; dihexyl
ester of sodium sulfosuccinic
acid; and dioctyl esters of sodium sulfosuccinic acid.
Also useful are taurates which are based on taurine, which is also known as 2-
aminoethanesulfonic
acid. Examples of tawates include N-alkyltaurines such as the one prepared by
reacting dodecylamine with
sodium isethionate as detailed in U.S. Patent No. 2,658,072 which is
incorporated herein by reference in its
entirety. Other examples based of taurine include the acyl taurines formed by
the reaction of n-methyl
taurine with fatty acids (having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms).
Another class of anionic surfactants suitable for use in the cleansing
component is the acyl
isethionates. The acyl isethionates typically have the formula R1C0-O-
CH2CH2S03M wherein R1 is a
saturated or unsatwated, branched or unbranched alkyl group having from about
10 to about 30 carbon
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atoms, and M is a canon. These are typically formed by the reaction of fatty
acids (having from about 8 to
about 30 carbon. atoms) with an alkali metal isethionate. Nonlimiting examples
of these acyl isethionates
include ammonium cocoyl isethionate, sodium cocoyl isethionate, sodium lauroyl
isethionate, and mixtures
thereof.
5 Still other suitable anionic surfactants are the alkylglyceryl ether
sulfonates of the form R1-OCH2
C(OH)H-CH2-S03M, wherein R1 is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or
unbranched alkyl group from
about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, and M is a water-soluble canon such as
ammonium, sodium, potassium,
magnesium, triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine. These can be
formed by the reaction
of epichlorohydrin and sodium bisulfate with fatty alcohols (having from about
8 to about 24 carbon atoms)
10 or other known methods. One example is sodium cocoglyceryl ether sulfonate.
Other suitable anionic surfactants include the sulfonated fatty acids of the
form R1-CH(S04)-
COOH and sulfonated methyl esters of the from R1-CH(S04)-CO-O-CH3, where R1 is
a saturated or
unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl group from about 8 to about 24
carbon atoms. These can be
formed by the sulfonation of fatty acids or alkyl methyl esters (having from
about 8 to about 24 carbon
15 atoms) with sulfur trioxide or by another known sulfonation technique.
Examples include alpha
sulphonated coconut fatty acid and lauryl methyl ester.
Other anionic materials include phosphates such as monoalkyl, dialkyl, and
trialkylphosphate salts
formed by the reaction of phosphorous pentoxide with monohydric branched or
unbranched alcohols having
from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms. These could also be formed by other
known phosphation methods.
An example from this class of surfactants is sodium mono or dilaurylphosphate.
Other anionic materials include acyl glutamates corresponding to the formula
R1C0-N(COOH)-
CH2CH2-C02M wherein R1 is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched
alkyl or alkenyl group
of about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, and M is a water-soluble cation.
Nonlimiting examples of which
include sodium lauroyl glutamate and sodium cocoyl glutamate.
Other anionic materials include alkanoyl sarcosinates corresponding to the
formula R1CON(CH3)-
CH2CH2-C02M wherein R1 is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched
alkyl or alkenyl group
of about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms, and M is a water-soluble canon.
Nonlimiting examples of which
include sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium cocoyl sarcosinate, and ammonium
lauroyl sarcosinate.
Other anionic materials include alkyl ether carboxylates corresponding to the
formula R1-
(OCH2CH2)x-OCH2-C02M wherein R1 is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or
unbranched alkyl or
alkenyl group of about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, x is 1 to 10, and M is a
water-soluble canon.
Nonlimiting examples of which include sodium laureth carboxylate.
Other anionic materials include acyl lactylates corresponding to the formula
R1C0-[O-CH(CH3)-
CO]x-C02M wherein R1 is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched
alkyl or alkenyl group of
about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, x is 3, and M is a water-soluble cation.
Nonlimiting examples of which
include sodium cocoyl lactylate.
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Other anionic materials include the carboxylates, nonlimiting examples of
which include sodium
lauroyl carboxylate, sodium cocoyl carboxylate, and ammonium lauroyl
carboxylate. Anionic
flourosurfactants can also be used.
Other anionic materials include natural soaps derived from the saponification
of vegetable and/or
animal fats & oils exmaples of which include sodium laurate, sodium myristate,
palmitate, stearate,
tallowate, cocoate.
Any counter canon, M, can be used on the anionic surfactant. Preferably, the
counter cation is
selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, ammonium,
monoethanolamine, diethanolamine,
and triethanolamine. More preferably, the counter cation is ammonium.
Nonionic Lathering Surfactants
Nonlimiting examples of nonionic lathering surfactants for use in the
compositions of the present
invention are disclosed in McCutcheoris, Detergents and Emulsifiers, North
American edition (1986),
published by allured Publishing Corporation; and McCutcheon's, Functional
Materials, North American
Edition ( 1992); both of which are incorporated by reference herein in their
entirety.
Nonionic lathering surfactants useful herein include those selected from the
group consisting of
alkyl glucosides, alkyl polyglucosides, polyhydroxy fatty acid amides,
alkoxylated fatty acid esters, sucrose
esters, amine oxides, and mixtures thereof.
Alkyl glucosides and alkyl polyglucosides are useful herein, and can be
broadly defined as
condensation products of long chain alcohols, e.g., C8-30 alcohols, with
sugars or starches or sugar or
starch polymers, i.e., glycosides or polyglycosides. These compounds can be
represented by the formula
(S)n O-R wherein S is a sugar moiety such as glucose, fructose, mannose, and
galactose; n is an integer of
from about 1 to about 1000, and R is a C8-30 alkyl group. Examples of long
chain alcohols from which the
alkyl group can be derived include decyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl
alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl
alcohol, oleyl alcohol, and the like. Preferred examples of these surfactants
include those wherein S is a
glucose moiety, R is a C8-20 alkyl group, and n is an integer of from about 1
to about 9. Commercially
available examples of these surfactants include decyl polyglucoside (available
as APG 325 CS from
Henkel) and lauryl polyglucoside (available as APG 600CS and 625 CS from
Henkel). Also useful are
sucrose ester surfactants such as sucrose cocoate and sucrose laurate.
Other useful nonionic surfactants include polyhydroxy fatty acid amide
surfactants, more specific
examples of which include glucosamides, corresponding to the structural
formula:
O R1
R2 C N Z
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wherein: R1 is H, C1-C4 alkyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxy- propyl, preferably
C1-C4 alkyl, more preferably
methyl or ethyl, most preferably methyl; R2 is CS-C31 alkyl or alkenyl,
preferably C7-C19 alkyl or alkenyl,
more preferably C9-C17 alkyl or alkenyl, most preferably C11-C15 alkyl or
alkenyl; and Z is a
polhydroxyhydrocarbyl moiety having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with a least 3
hydroxyls directly
connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative (preferably ethoxylated
or propoxylated) thereof. Z
preferably is a sugar moiety selected from the group consisting of glucose,
fructose, maltose, lactose,
galactose, mannose, xylose, and mixtures thereof. An especially preferred
surfactant corresponding to the
above structure is coconut alkyl N-methyl glucoside amide (i.e., wherein the
R2C0- moiety is derived from
coconut oil fatty acids). Processes for making compositions containing
polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are
disclosed, for example, in G.B. Patent Specification 809,060, published
February 18, 1959, by Thomas
Hedley & Co., Ltd.; U. S. Patent No. 2,965,576, to E.R. Wilson, issued
December 20, 1960; U. S. Patent
No. 2,703,798, to A.M. Schwartz, issued March 8, 1955; and U. S. Patent No.
1,985,424, to Piggott, issued
December 25, 1934; each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their
entirety.
Other examples of nonionic surfactants include amine oxides. Amine oxides
correspond to the
general formula R1R2R3N-~O, wherein R1 contains an alkyl, alkenyl or
monohydroxy alkyl radical of from
about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, from 0 to about 10 ethylene oxide moieties,
and from 0 to about 1
glyceryl moiety, and R2 and R3 contain from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms
and from 0 to about 1
hydroxy group, e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, hydroxyethyl, or hydroxypropyl
radicals. The arrow in the
formula is a conventional representation of a semipolar bond. Examples of
amine oxides suitable for use in
this invention include dimethyl-dodecylamine oxide, oleyldi(2-hydroxyethyl)
amine oxide,
dimethyloctylamine oxide, dimethyl-decylamine oxide, dimethyl-tetradecylamine
oxide, 3,6,9-
trioxaheptadecyldiethylamine oxide, di(2-hydroxyethyl)-tetradecylamine oxide,
2-
dodecoxyethyldimethylamine oxide, 3-dodecoxy-2-hydroxypropyldi(3-
hydroxypropyl)amine oxide,
dimethylhexadecylamine oxide.
Nonlimiting examples of preferred nonionic surfactants for use herein are
those selected form the
group consisting of C8-C14 glucose amides, C8-C14 alkyl polyglucosides,
sucrose cocoate, sucrose laurate,
lauramine oxide, cocoamine oxide, and mixtures thereof.
Cationic Lathering Surfactants
Cationic lathering surfactants are also useful in the articles of the present
invention. Suitable
cationic lathering surfactants include, but are not limited to, fatty amines,
di-fatty quaternary amines, tri
fatty quaternary amines, imidazolinium quaternary amines, and combinations
thereof. Suitable fatty amines
include monalkyl quaternary amines such as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. A
suitable quaternary
amine is dialklamidoethyl hydroxyethylmonium methosulfate. The fatty amines,
however, are preferred. It
is preferred that a lather booster is used when the cationic lathering
surfactant is the primary lathering
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surfactant of the cleansing component. Additionally, nonionic surfactants have
been found to be
particularly useful in combination with such cationic lathering surfactants.
Amphoteric Latherine Surfactants
The term "amphoteric lathering surfactant," as used herein, is also intended
to encompass
zwitterionic surfactants, which are well known to formulators skilled in the
art as a subset of amphoteric
surfactants.
A wide variety of amphoteric lathering surfactants can be used in the
compositions of the present
invention. Particularly useful are those which are broadly described as
derivatives of aliphatic secondary
and tertiary amines, preferably wherein the nitrogen is in a cationic state,
in which the aliphatic radicals can
be straight or branched chain and wherein one of the radicals contains an
ionizable water solubilizing group,
e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate.
Nonlimiting examples of amphoteric surfactants useful in the compositions of
the present invention
are disclosed in McCutcheon's, Detergents and Emulsifiers, North American
edition ( 1986), published by
allured Publishing Corporation; and McCutcheon's, Functional Materials, North
American Edition (1992);
both of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
Nonlimiting examples of amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants are those
selected from the group
consisting of betaines, sultaines, hydroxysultaines, alkyliminoacetates,
iminodialkanoates, aminoalkanoates,
and mixtures thereof.
Examples of betaines include the higher alkyl betaines, such as coco dimethyl
carboxymethyl
betaine, lauryl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl
alphacarboxyethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl
carboxymethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl betaine (available as Lonzaine 16SP from
Lonza Corp.), lauryl
bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) carboxymethyl betaine, oleyl dimethyl gamma-carboxypropyl
betaine, lauryl
bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)alpha-carboxyethyl betaine, coco dimethyl sulfopropyl
betaine, lauryl dimethyl
sulfoethyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) sulfopropyl betaine,
amidobetaines and amidosulfobetaines
(wherein the RCONH(CH2)3 radical is attached to the nitrogen atom of the
betaine), oleyl betaine
(available as amphoteric Velvetex OLB-50 from Henkel), and cocamidopropyl
betaine (available as
Velvetex BK-35 and BA-35 from Henkel).
Examples of sultaines and hydroxysultaines include materials such as
cocamidopropyl
hydroxysultaine (available as Mirataine CBS from Rhone-Poulenc).
Preferred for use herein are amphoteric surfactants having the following
structure:
_ O R2
II +I
R~(C-NH-(CH2)m)n N-R4-X
I
R3
wherein R1 is unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched
chain alkyl having from about 9
to about 22 carbon atoms. Preferred R1 has from about 11 to about 18 carbon
atoms; more preferably from
about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms; more preferably still from about 14 to
about 18 carbon atoms; m is an
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19
integer from 1 to about 3, more preferably from about 2 to about 3, and more
preferably about 3; n is either
0 or 1, preferably 1; R2 and R3 are independently selected from the group
consisting of alkyl having from 1
to about 3 carbon atoms, unsubstituted or mono-substituted with hydroxy,
preferred R2 and R3 are CH3; X
is selected from the group consisting of C02, S03 and S04; R4 is selected from
the group consisting of
saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain alkyl, unsubstituted or
monosubstituted with hydroxy,
having from 1 to about 5 carbon atoms. When X is C02, R4 preferably has 1 or 3
carbon atoms, more
preferably 1 carbon atom. When X is S03 or S04, R4 preferably has from about 2
to about 4 carbon
atoms, more preferably 3 carbon atoms.
Examples of amphoteric surfactants of the present invention include the
following compounds:
Cetyl dimethyl betaine (this material also has the CTFA designation cetyl
betaine)
~H3
C i gH~ ~ N-C H2~ 02
C H3
Cocamidopropylbetaine
~ ~ H3 _
R-C-NH-(CH2)3 N-CH2 C02
C Hg
wherein R has from about 9 to about 13 carbon atoms
Cocamidopropyl hydroxy sultaine
~Hg QH
R-C-NH-(CH2)g~N-CH2- ICH-CH2 S03
CH3
wherein R has from about 9 to about 13 carbon atoms,
Examples of other useful amphoteric surfactants are alkyliminoacetates, and
iminodialkanoates and
aminoalkanoates of the formulas RN[CH2)mC02M]2 and RNH(CH2)mC02M wherein m is
from 1 to 4, R
is a Cg-C22 alkyl or alkenyl, and M is H, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal
ammonium, or
alkanolammonium. Also included are imidazolinium and ammonium derivatives.
Specific examples of
suitable amphoteric surfactants include sodium 3-dodecyl-aminopropionate,
sodium 3-dodecylamino-
propane sulfonate, N-higher alkyl aspartic acids such as those produced
according to the teaching of U. S.
Patent 2,438,091 which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety;
and the products sold under the
trade name "Miranol" and described in U. S. Patent 2,528,378, which is
incorporated herein by reference in
its entirety. Other examples of useful amphoterics include amphoteric
phosphates, such as coamidopropyl
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PG-dimonium chloride phosphate (commercially available as Monaquat PTC, from
Mona Corp.). Also
useful are amphoacetates such as disodium lauroamphodiacetate, sodium
lauroamphoacetate, and mixtures
thereof.
Preferred lathering surfactants are selected from the group consisting of
anionic lathering
5 surfactants selected from the group consisting of ammonium lauroyl
sarcosinate, sodium trideceth sulfate,
sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, ammonium laureth sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate,
ammonium lauryl sulfate,
sodium lauryl sulfate, ammonium cocoyl isethionate, sodium cocoyl isethionate,
sodium lauroyl isethionate,
sodium cetyl sulfate, sodium monolauryl phospate, sodium cocoglyceryl ether
sulfonate, sodium C9-Czz
soap, and combinations thereof; nonionic lathering surfactants selected from
the group consisting of
10 lauramine oxide, cocoamine oxide, decyl polyglucose, lauryl polyglucose,
sucrose cocoate, C12-14
glucosamides, sucrose laurate, and combinations thereof; cationic lathering
surfactants selected from the
group consisting of fatty amines, di-fatty quaternary amines, tri-fatty
quaternary amines, imidazolinium
quaternary amines, and combinations thereof; amphoteric lathering surfactants
selected from the group
consisting of disodium lauroamphodiacetate, sodium lauroamphoacetate, cetyl
dimethyl betaine,
15 cocoamidopropyl betaine, cocoamidopropyl hydroxy sultaine, and combinations
thereof.
THERAPEUTIC BENEFIT COMPONENT
In certain embodiments of the present invention, the articles essentially
comprise a therapeutic
benefit component This benefit component is disposed adjacent to the water
insoluble substrate and
comprises from about 10% to about 1000%, more preferably, from about 10% to
about 500%, and most
20 preferably from about 10% to about 250%, by weight of the water insoluble
substrate, of a therapeutic
benefit agent. Preferably, the therapeutic benefit agent is selected from the
group consisting of hydrophobic
conditioning agents, hydrophilic conditioning agents, structured conditioning
agents, and combinations
thereof.
Hydrophobic Conditioning Agents
The articles of the present invention may comprise one or more hydrophobic
conditioning agents
which are useful for providing a conditioning benefit to the skin or hair
during the use of the article. The
articles of present invention preferably comprise from about 0.5% to about
1,000%, more preferably from
about 1 % to about 200%, and most preferably from about 10% to about 100%, by
weight of the water
insoluble substrate, of a hydrophobic conditioning agent.
The hydrophobic conditioning agent may be selected from one or more
hydrophobic conditioning
agents such that the weighted arithmetic mean solubility parameter of the
hydrophobic conditioning agent is
less than or equal to 10.5. It is recognized, based on this mathematical
definition of solubility parameters,
that it is possible, for example, to achieve the required weighted arithmetic
mean solubility parameter, i.e.,
less than or equal to 10.5, for a hydrophobic conditioning agent comprising
two or more compounds if one
of the compounds has an individual solubility parameter greater than 10.5.
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Solubility parameters are well known to the formulation chemist of ordinary
skill in the art and are
routinely used as a guide for determining compatibility's and solubilities of
materials in the formulation
process.
The solubility parameter of a chemical compound, 8, is defined as the square
root of the cohesive
energy density for that compound. Typically, a solubility parameter for a
compound is calculated from
tabulated values of the additive group contributions for the heat of
vaporization and molar volume of the
components of that compound, using the following equation:
1/2
~ Ei
i
s
. ~ mi
i
wherein Ei Ei = the sum of the heat of vaporization additive group
contributions, and
~ m = the sum of the molar volume additive group contributions
i i
Standard tabulations of heat of vaporization and molar volume additive group
contributions for a wide
variety of atoms and groups of atoms are collected in Barton, A.F.M. Handbook
of Solubility Parameters,
CRC Press, Chapter 6, Table 3, pp. 64-66 ( 1985), which is incorporated by
reference herein in its entirety.
The above solubility parameter equation is described in Fedors, R.F., "A
Method for Estimating Both the
Solubility Parameters and Molar Volumes of Liquids", Polymer Eneineering and
Science, vol. 14, no. 2, pp.
147-154 (February 1974), which is incorporated by reference herein in its
entirety.
Solubility parameters obey the law of mixtures such that the solubility
parameter for a mixture of
materials is given by the weighted arithmetic mean (i.e. the weighted average)
of the solubility parameters
for each component of that mixture. See, Handbook of Chemistry and Phi, 57th
edition, CRC Press, p.
C-726 (1976-1977), which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
Formulation. chemists typically report and use solubility parameters in units
of (cal/cm3)1/2, The
tabulated values of additive group contributions for heat of vaporization in
the Handbook of Solubility
Parameters are reported in units of kJ/mol. However, these tabulated heat of
vaporization values are readily
converted to cal/mol using the following well-known relationships:
1 J/mol = 0.239006 cal/mol and 1000 J = 1 kJ.
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22
See Gordon, A.J. et al., The Chemist's Companion, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 456-
463, (1972), which is
incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
Solubility parameters have also been tabulated for a wide variety of chemical
materials.
Tabulations of solubility parameters are found in the above-cited Handbook of
Solubility Parameters. Also,
see "Solubility Effects In Product, Package, Penetration, And Preservation",
C.D. Vaughan, Cosmetics and
Toiletries, vol. 103, October 1988, pp. 47-69, which is incorporated by
reference herein in its entirety.
Nonlimiting examples of hydrophobic conditioning agents include those selected
from the group
consisting of mineral oil, petrolatum, lecithin, hydrogenated lecithin,
lanolin, lanolin derivatives, C7-C40
branched chain hydrocarbons, C1-C30 alcohol esters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids,
C1-C30 alcohol esters of
C2-C30 dicarboxylic acids, monoglycerides of C1-C30 carboxylic acids,
diglycerides of C1-C30 carboxylic
acids, triglycerides of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, ethylene glycol monoesters of
C1-C30 carboxylic acids,
ethylene glycol diesters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, propylene glycol
monoesters of C1-C30 carboxylic
acids, propylene glycol diesters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, C1-C30 carboxylic
acid monoesters and
polyesters of sugars, polydialkylsiloxanes, polydiarylsiloxanes,
polyalkarylsiloxanes, cylcomethicones
having 3 to 9 silicon atoms, vegetable oils, hydrogenated vegetable oils,
polypropylene glycol C4-C20 alkyl
ethers, di C8-C30 alkyl ethers, and combinations thereof.
Mineral oil, which is also known as petrolatum liquid, is a mixture of liquid
hydrocarbons obtained _
from petroleum. See The Merck Index, Tenth Edition, Entry 7048, p. 1033 (1983)
and International
Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, Fifth Edition, vol. 1, p.415-417 (1993), which
are incorporated by
reference herein in their entirety.
Petrolatum, which is also known as petroleum jelly, is a colloidal system of
nonstraight-chain solid
hydrocarbons and high-boiling liquid hydrocarbons, in which most of the liquid
hydrocarbons are held
inside the micelles. See The Merck Index, Tenth Edition, Entry 7047, p. 1033
(1983); Schindler, Drug.
Cosmet. Ind., 89, 36-37, 76, 78-80, 82 (1961); and International Cosmetic
Ingredient Dictionary, Fifth
Edition, vol. 1, p. 537 (1993), which are incorporated by reference herein in
their entirety.
Lecithin is also useful as a hydrophobic conditioning agent. It is a naturally
occurring mixture of
the diglycerides of certain fatty acids, linked to the choline ester of
phosphoric acid.
Straight and branched chain hydrocarbons having from about 7 to about 40
carbon atoms are useful
herein. Nonlimiting examples of these hydrocarbon materials include dodecane,
isododecane, squalane,
cholesterol, hydrogenated polyisobutylene, docosane (i.e. a C22 hydrocarbon),
hexadecane, isohexadecane
(a commercially available hydrocarbon sold as Permethyl~ lOlA by Presperse,
South Plainfield, NJ). Also
useful are the C7-C40 isoparaffins, which are C7-C40 branched hydrocarbons.
Polydecene, a branched
liquid hydrocarbon, is also useful herein and is commercially available under
the tradenames Puresyn 100~
and Puresyn 3000~ from Mobile Chemical (Edison, NJ).
Also useful are C1-C30 alcohol esters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids and of C2-C30
dicarboxylic
acids, including straight and branched chain materials as well as aromatic
derivatives. Also useful are esters
such as monoglycerides of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, diglycerides of C1-C30
carboxylic acids, triglycerides
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23
of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, ethylene glycol monoesters of C1-C30 carboxylic
acids, ethylene glycol
diesters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, propylene glycol monoesters of C1-C30
carboxylic acids, and
propylene glycol diesters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids. Straight chain, branched
chain and aryl carboxylic
acids are included herein. Also useful are propoxylated and ethoxylated
derivatives of these materials.
Nonlimiting examples include diisopropyl sebacate, diisopropyl adipate,
isopropyl myristate, isopropyl
palmitate, myristyl propionate, ethylene glycol distearate, 2-ethylhexyl
palmitate, isodecyl neopentanoate,
di-2-ethylhexyl maleate, cetyl palmitate, myristyl myristate, stearyl
stearate, cetyl stearate, behenyl
behenrate, dioctyl maleate, dioctyl sebacate, diisopropyl adipate, cetyl
octanoate, diisopropyl dilinoleate,
carpylic/capric triglyceride, PEG-6 caprylic/capric triglyceride, PEG-8
caprylic/capric triglyceride, and
combinations thereof.
Also useful are various C1-C30 monoesters and polyesters of sugars and related
materials. These
esters are derived from a sugar or polyol moiety and one or more carboxylic
acid moieties. Depending on
the constituent acid and sugar, these esters can be in either liquid or solid
form at room temperature.
Examples of liquid esters include: glucose tetraoleate, the glucose
tetraesters of soybean oil fatty acids
(unsaturated), the mannose tetraesters of mixed soybean oil fatty acids, the
galactose tetraesters of oleic
acid, the arabinose tetraesters of linoleic acid, xylose tetralinoleate,
galactose pentaoleate, sorbitol
tetraoleate, the sorbitol hexaesters of unsaturated soybean oil fatty acids,
xylitol pentaoleate, sucrose
tetraoleate, sucrose pentaoletate, sucrose hexaoleate, sucrose hepatoleate,
sucrose octaoleate, and mixtures
thereof. Examples of solid esters include: sorbitol hexaester in which the
carboxylic acid ester moieties are
palmitoleate and arachidate in a 1:2 molar ratio; the octaester of raffinose
in which the carboxylic acid ester
moieties are linoleate and behenate in a 1:3 molar ratio; the heptaester of
maltose wherein the esterifying
carboxylic acid moieties are sunflower seed oil fatty acids and lignocerate in
a 3:4 molar ratio; the octaester
of sucrose wherein the esterifying carboxylic acid moieties are oleate and
behenate in a 2:6 molar ratio; and
the octaester of sucrose wherein the esterifying carboxylic acid moieties are
laurate, linoleate and behenate
in a 1:3:4 molar ratio. A preferred solid material is sucrose polyester in
which the degree of esterification is
7-8, and in which the fatty acid moieties are C18 mono- and/or di-unsaturated
and behenic, in a molar ratio
of unsaturates: behenic of 1:7 to 3:5. A particularly preferred solid sugar
polyester is the octaester of
sucrose in which there are about 7 behenic fatty acid moieties and about 1
oleic acid moiety in the molecule.
Other materials include cottonseed oil or soybean oil fatty acid esters of
sucrose. The ester materials are
further described in, U. S. Patent No. 2,831,854, U. S. Patent No. 4,005,196,
to Jandacek, issued January
25, 1977; U. S. Patent No. 4,005,195, to Jandacek, issued January 25, 1977, U.
S. Patent No. 5,306,516, to
Letton et al., issued April 26, 1994; U. S. Patent No. 5,306,515, to Letton et
al., issued April 26, 1994; U. S.
Patent No. 5,305,514, to Letton et al., issued April 26, 1994; U. S. Patent
No. 4,797,300, to Jandacek et al.,
issued January 10, 1989; U. S. Patent No. 3,963,699, to Rizzi et al, issued
June 15, 1976; U. S. Patent No.
4,518,772, to Volpenhein, issued May 21, 1985; and U. S. Patent No. 4,517,360,
to Volpenhein, issued May
21, 1985; each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
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24
Nonvolatile silicones such as polydialkylsiloxanes, polydiarylsiloxanes, and
polyalkarylsiloxanes
are also useful oils. These silicones are disclosed in U. S. Patent No.
5,069,897, to Orr, issued December 3,
1991, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. The
polyalkylsiloxanes correspond to the
general chemical formula R3Si0[R2Si0]xSiR3 wherein R is an alkyl group
(preferably R is methyl or ethyl,
more preferably methyl) and x is an integer up to about 500, chosen to achieve
the desired molecular
weight. Commercially available polyalkylsiloxanes include the
polydimethylsiloxanes, which are also
known as dimethicones, nonlimiting examples of which include the Vicasil~
series sold by General Electric
Company and the Dow Corning~ 200 series sold by Dow Corning Corporation.
Specific examples of
polydimethylsiloxanes useful herein include Dow Corning~ 225 fluid having a
viscosity of 10 centistokes
and a boiling point greater than 200°C, and Dow Corning~ 200 fluids
having viscosities of 50, 350, and
12,500 centistokes, respectively, and boiling points greater than
200°C. Also useful are materials such as
trimethylsiloxysilicate, which is a polymeric material corresponding to the
general chemical formula
[(CH2)3Si01/2]x(Si02]y, wherein x is an integer from about I to about 500 and
y is an integer from about
1 to about 500. A commercially available trimethylsiloxysilicate is sold as a
mixture with dimethicone as
Dow Corning~ 593 fluid. Also useful herein are dimethiconols, which are
hydroxy terminated dimethyl
silicones. These materials can be represented by the general chemical formulas
R3Si0(R2Si0]xSiR20H
and HOR2Si0[R2Si0]xSiR20H wherein R is an alkyl group (preferably R is methyl
or ethyl, more
preferably methyl) and x is an integer up to about 500, chosen to achieve the
desired molecular weight.
Commercially available dimethiconols are typically sold as mixtures with
dimethicone or cyclomethicone
(e.g. Dow Corning~ 1401, 1402, and 1403 fluids). Also useful herein are
polyalkylaryl siloxanes, with
polymethylphenyl siloxanes having viscosities from about 15 to about 65
centistokes at 25°C being
preferred. These materials are available, for example, as SF 1075 methylphenyl
fluid (sold by General
Electric Company) and 556 Cosmetic Grade phenyl trimethicone fluid (sold by
Dow Corning Corporation).
Alkylated silicones such as methyldecyl silicone and methyloctyl silicone are
useful herein and are
commercially available from General Electric Company. Also useful herein are
alkyl modified siloxanes
such as alkyl methicones and alkyl dimethicones wherein the alkyl chain
contains 10 to 50 carbons. Such
siloxanes are commercially available under the tradenames ABIL WAX 9810 (Cz4-
Czg alkyl methicone)
(sold by Goldschmidt) and SF1632 (cetearyl methicone)(sold by General Electric
Company).
Vegetable oils and hydrogenated vegetable oils are also useful herein.
Examples of vegetable oils
and hydrogenated vegetable oils include safflower oil, castor oil, coconut
oil, cottonseed oil, menhaden oil,
palm kernel oil, palm oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, linseed oil,
rice bran oil, pine oil, sesame oil,
sunflower seed oil, hydrogenated safflower oil, hydrogenated castor oil,
hydrogenated coconut oil,
hydrogenated cottonseed oil, hydrogenated menhaden oil, hydrogenated palm
kernel oil, hydrogenated palm
oil, hydrogenated peanut oil, hydrogenated soybean oil, hydrogenated rapeseed
oil, hydrogenated linseed
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oil, hydrogenated rice bran oil, hydrogenated sesame oil, hydrogenated
sunflower seed oil, and mixtures
thereof.
Also useful are C4-C20 alkyl ethers of polypropylene glycols, C1-C20
carboxylic acid esters of
polypropylene glycols, and di-C8-C30 alkyl ethers. Nonlimiting examples of
these materials include PPG-
5 14 butyl ether, PPG-15 stearyl ether, dioctyl ether, dodecyl octyl ether,
and mixtures thereof.
Hydrophobic chelating agents are also useful herein as hydrophobic
conditioning agents. Suitable
agents are described in U. S. Patent No. 4,387,244, issued to Scanlon et al.
on June 7, 1983, and copending
U. S. Patent Application Serial Nos. 09/258,747 and 09/259,485, filed in the
names of Schwartz et al. on
February 26, 1999.
10 Hydrophilic Conditioning-Agents
The articles of the present invention may optionally comprise one or more
hydrophilic conditioning
agents. Nonlimiting examples of hydrophilic conditioning agents include those
selected from the group
consisting of polyhydric alcohols, polypropylene glycols, polyethylene
glycols, ureas, pyrolidone carboxylic
acids, ethoxylated and/or propoxylated C3-C6 diols and triols, alpha-hydroxy
C2-C6 carboxylic acids,
15 ethoxylated and/or propoxylated sugars, polyacrylic acid copolymers, sugars
having up to about 12 carbons
atoms, sugar alcohols having up to about 12 carbon atoms, and mixtures
thereof. Specific examples of
useful hydrophilic conditioning agents include materials such as urea;
guanidine; glycolic acid and glycolate
salts (e.g., ammonium and quaternary alkyl ammonium); lactic acid and lactate
salts (e.g., ammonium and
quaternary alkyl ammonium); sucrose, fructose, glucose, eruthrose, erythritol,
sorbitol, mannitol, glycerol,
20 hexanetriol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, and the
like; polyethylene glycols such as
PEG-2, PEG-3, PEG-30, PEG-50, polypropylene glycols such as PPG-9, PPG-12, PPG-
15, PPG-17, PPG-
20, PPG-26, PPG-30, PPG-34; alkoxylated glucose; hyaluronic acid; cationic
skin conditioning polymers
(e.g., quaternary ammonium polymers such as Polyquaternium polymers); and
mixtures thereof. Glycerol,
in particular, is a preferred hydrophilic conditioning agent in the articles
of the present invention. Also
25 useful are materials such as aloe vera in any of its variety of forms
(e.g., aloe vera gel), chitosan and
chitosan derivatives, e.g., chitosan lactate, lactamide monoethanolamine;
acetamide monoethanolamine; and
mixtures thereof. Also useful are propoxylated glycerols as described in
propoxylated glycerols described
in U. S. Patent No. 4,976,953, to Orr et al., issued December 11, 1990, which
is incorporated by reference
herein in its entirety.
The therapeutic benefit component may be made into a variety of forms. In one
embodiment of the
present invention, the therapeutic benefit component is in the form of an
emulsion. For instance, oil-in-
water, water-in-oil, water-in-oil-in-water, and oil-in-water-in-silicone
emulsions are useful herein. As used
in the context of emulsions, "water" may refer not only to water but also
water soluble or water miscible
agents like glycerin.
Preferred therapeutic benefit components comprise an emulsion, which further
comprises an
aqueous phase and an oil phase. As will be understood by the skilled artisan,
a given component will
distribute primarily into either the aqueous or oil phase, depending on the
water solubility/dispersibility of
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26
the therapeutic benefit agent in the component. In one embodiment, the oil
phase comprises one or more
hydrophobic conditioning agents. In another embodiment, the aqueous phase
comprises one or more
hydrophilic conditioning agents.
Therapeutic benefit components of the present invention, which are emulsion
form, generally
contain an aqueous phase and an oil or lipid phase. Suitable oils or lipids
may be derived from animals,
plants, or petroleum and may be natural or synthetic (i.e., man-made). Such
oils are discussed above in the
Hydrophobic Conditioning Agents section. Suitable aqueous phase components
include the Hydrophilic
Conditioning Agents, which are discussed above. Preferred emulsion forms
include water-in-oil emulsions,
water-in-silicone emulsions, and other inverse emulsions Additionally,
preferred emulsions also contain a
hydrophilic conditioning agent such as glycerin such that a glycerin-in-oil
emulsion results.
Therapeutic benefit components in emulsion form will preferably further
contain from about 1% to
about 10%, more preferably from about 2% to about 5%, of an emulsifier, based
on the weight of
therapeutic benefit component. Emulsifiers may be nonionic, anionic or
cationic. Suitable emulsifiers are
disclosed in, for example, U.S. Patent 3,755,560, issued August 28, 1973,
Dickert et al.; U.S. Patent
4,421,769, issued December 20, 1983, Dixon et al.; and McCutcheon's Detergents
and Emulsifiers, North
American Edition, pages 317-324 (1986). Therapeutic benefit components in
emulsion form may also
contain an anti-foaming agent to minimize foaming upon application to the
skin. Anti-foaming agents
include high molecular weight silicones and other materials well known in the
art for such use.
The therapeutic benefit component may also be in the form of a microemulsion.
As used herein,
"microemulsion" refers to thermodynamic stable mixtures of two immiscible
solvents (one apolar and the
other polar) stabilized by an amphiphilic molecule, a surfactant. Preferred
microemulsions include water
in-oil microemulsions.
Structured Conditioning Agents
The therapeutic benefit component may comprise structured conditioning agents.
Suitable
structured conditioning agents include, but are not limited to, vesicular
structures such as ceramides,
liposomes, and the like.
In another embodiment, the therapeutic benefit agents of the benefit component
are comprised
within a coacervate-forming composition. Preferably, the coacervate-forming
composition comprises a
cationic polymer, an anionic surfactant, and a dermatologically acceptable
carrier for the polymer and
surfactant. The cationic polymer may be selected from the group consisting of
natural backbone quaternary
ammonium polymers, synthetic backbone quaternary ammonium polymers, natural
backbone amphoteric
type polymers, synthetic backbone amphoteric type polymers, and combinations
thereof.
More preferably, the cationic polymer is selected from the group consisting of
natural backbone
quaternary ammonium polymers selected from the group consisting of
Polyquaternium-4, Polyquaternium
10, Polyquaternium-24, PG-hydroxyethylcellulose alkyldimonium chlorides, guar
hydroxypropyltrimonium
chloride, hydroxypropylguar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, and combinations
thereof; synthetic
backbone quaternary ammonium polymers selected from the group consisting of
Polyquaternium-2,
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Polyquaternium-6, Polyquaternium-7, Polyquaternium-11, Polyquaternium-16,
Polyquaternium-17,
Polyquaternium-18, Polyquaternium-28, Polyquaternium-32, Polyquaternium-37,
Polyquaternium-43,
Polyquaternium-44, Polyquaternium-46, polymethacylamidopropyl trimonium
chloride, acrylamidopropyl
trimonium chloride/acrylamide copolymer, and combinations thereof; natural
backbone amphoteric type
polymers selected from the group consisting of chitosan, quaternized proteins,
hydrolyzed proteins, and
combinations thereof; synthetic backbone amphoteric type polymers selected
from the group consisting of
Polyquaternium-22, Polyquaternium-39, Polyquaternium-47, adipic
acid/dimethylaminohydroxypropyl
diethylenetriamine copolymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone/dimethylyaminoethyl
methacyrlate copolymer,
vinylcaprolactam/ polyvinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate
copolymer, vinaylcaprolactam/
polyvinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide terpolymer,
polyvinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide copolymer, polyamine,
and combinations
thereof; and combinations thereof. Even more preferably, the cationic polymer
is a synthetic backbone
amphoteric type polymer. Even still more preferably, the cationic polymer is a
polyamine.
When the cationic polymer is a polyamine, it is preferred that the cationic
polyamine polymer be
selected from the group consisting of polyethyleneimines, polyvinylamines,
polypropyleneimines,
polylysines and combinations thereof. Even more preferably, the cationic
polyamine polymer is a
polyethyleneimine.
In certain embodiments in which the cationic polymer is a polyamine, the
polyamine may be
hydrophobically or modified. In this instance, the cationic polyamine polymer
is selected from the group
consisting of benzylated polyamines, ethoxylated polyamines, propoxylated
polyamines, alkylated
polyamines, amidated polyamines, esterified polyamines and combinations
thereof. The coacervate-
forming composition comprises from about 0.01% to about 20%, more preferably
from about 0.05% to
about 10%, and most preferably from about 0.1% to about 5%, by weight of the
coacervate-forming
composition, of the cationic polymer.
Suitable anionic surfactants include those discussed above as related to the
"cleansing component."
Preferably, for the coacervate-forming composition, the anionic surfactant is
selected from the group
consisting of sarcosinates, glutamates, sodium alkyl sulfates, ammonium alkyl
sulfates, sodium alkyleth
sulfates, ammonium alkyleth sulfates, ammonium laureth-n-sulfates, sodium
laureth-n-sulfates, isethionates,
glycerylether sulfonates, sulfosuccinates and combinations thereof. More
preferably, the anionic surfactant
is selected from the group consisting of sodium lauroyl sarcosinate,
monosodium lauroyl glutamate, sodium
alkyl sulfates, ammonium alkyl sulfates, sodium alkyleth sulfates, ammonium
alkyleth sulfates, and
combinations thereof.
Suitable coacervate-forming compositions are further described in copending U.
S. patent
applications Serial Nos. 09/397,747, bled in the name of Schwartz et al.;
09/397,746, filed in the name of
Heinrich et al.; 09/397,712, filed in the name of Schwartz et al.; 09/397,723,
filed in the name of Heinrich et
al.; and 09/397,722, filed in the name of Venkitaraman et al.; each of which
were filed on September 16,
1999.
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28
Alternatively, the coacervate-forming composition may comprise an anionic
polymer, a cationic
surfactant, and a dermatologically acceptable carrier for the polymer and
surfactant. The anionic polymer
may be selected from the group consisting of polyacrylic acid polymers,
polyacrylamide polymers,
copolymers of acrylic acid, acrylamide, and other natural or synthetic
polymers (e.g., polystyrene,
polybutene, polyurethane, etc.), naturally derived gums, and combinations
thereof. Suitable gums include
alginates (e.g., propylene glycol alginate), pectins, chitosans (e.g.,
chitosan lactate), and modified gums
(e.g., starch octenyl succinate), and combinations thereof. More preferably,
the anionic polymer is selected
from the group consisting of polyacrylic acid polymers, polyacrylamide
polymers, pectins, chitosans, and
combinations thereof. Preferred articles of the present invention comprise
from about 0.01% to about 20%,
more preferably from about 0.05% to about 10%, and most preferably from about
0.1% to about 5%, by
weight of the coacervate-forming composition, of the anionic polymer.
Suitable cationic surfactants include, but are not limited to, those discussed
herein.
The therapeutic benefit component of the article is suitable for providing
therapeutic or aesthetic
skin or hair benefits by deposition onto such surfaces of not only
conditioning agents but also various
agents including, but not limited to, anti-acne actives, anti-wrinkle actives,
anti-microbial actives, anti-
fungal actives, anti-inflammatory actives, topical anesthetic actives,
artificial tanning agents and
accelerators, anti-viral agents, enzymes, sunscreen actives, anti-oxidants,
skin exfoliating agents, and
combinations thereof.
It should also be understood that the therapeutic benefit component may be
contained within the
cleansing component of the present invention or vice versa such that they form
a unitary component with
indistinguishable ingredients.
PROPERTIES OF PERSONAL CARE ARTICLES
The articles of the present invention exhibit specific physical properties as
defined by the Dynamic
Surface Tension Value (DSTV), the Surfactant Dissolution Extent (SDE), the
Latherability, the Flash
Lather Volume (FLV), the Lather Dissipation Time (LDT), and the Crepe Ratio
which are determined as
described below.
The articles of the present invention are preferably characterized by having a
Dynamic Surface
Tension Value of about 54 dynes/ cmz in beaker 1 and greater than about 60
dynes/ cm2 in beaker 5. More
preferably, the present articles have a DSTV of about 51 dynes/ cmz in beaker
1 and greater than about 60
dynes/ cm2 in beaker 5. Most preferably, the present articles have a DSTV of
about 48 dynes/ cmz in
beaker 1 and greater than about 60 dynes/ cmz in beaker 5.
The articles of the present invention are further characterized by preferably
exhibiting an SDE of
greater than about 30 ml in beaker 1, greater than about 30 ml in beaker 4 and
less than about 90 ml in
beaker 8. More preferably, the articles of the present invention exhibit an
SDE of greater than about 40 ml
in beaker 1, greater than about 35 ml in beaker 4 and less than about 80 ml in
beaker 8. Still more preferred
articles exhibit an of greater than about SO ml in beaker 1, greater than
about 40 ml in beaker 4 and less than
about 50 ml in beaker 8. The most preferred articles of the present invention,
however, exhibit a SDE of
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greater than about 60 ml in beaker 1, greater than about 40 ml in beaker 4 and
less than about 10 ml in
beaker 8.
The present articles may also be characterized by preferably exhibiting a
Latherability of from
about 500 ml to about 7000 ml, more preferably from about 800 ml to about 3500
ml, even more preferably
from about 1000 ml to about 3000 ml, and most from about 1100 ml to about 2500
ml.
Furthermore, the articles of the present invention are characterized by
preferably exhibiting an
FLV of from about 500 ml to about 3500 ml, more preferably from about 700 ml
to about 3500 ml, even
more preferably from about 900 ml to about 3500 ml and most preferably from
about 1200 ml to about
3500 ml.
Additionally, the present articles are characterized by the preferred LDT of
from about 5 seconds
to about 62 seconds, more preferably from about 5 seconds to about 40 seconds,
even more preferably from
about 5 seconds to about 30 seconds, and most preferably from about 5 seconds
to about 20 seconds.
Dynamic Surface Tension Value MethodoloQy
The Dynamic Surface Tension Value measures the amount of surfactant that is
released from the
article upon water submersion.
Obtain a Sensadyne 9000 Surface Tensiometer (serial no. 0358, 4mm large glass
probe, 0.5 small
glass probe) (or an equivalent thereof). Calibrate the tensiometer using a
sample of distilled water at room
temperature and a sample of ethyl alcohol a room temperature. Insert the glass
probes into the distilled
water sample and have tensiometer analyze the sample. Observe the surface
tension value and as soon as it
is stable, calibrate that value as the high surface tension. Repeat
calibration for the ethyl alcohol sample
and calibrate it's surface tension as the low surface tension.
Using water set at 5 gpg and 37 °C ~ 2°C, measure the surface
tension. Then, fill a 2000m1 beaker
with 1000 g of the prepared water. Next, hold the cleansing article loosely at
the corner and submerge the
entire sample into the beaker and remove the sample from the water. This
dunking should be repeated 4
more times such that 5 dunks are completed in 10 seconds. Being careful not to
squeeze or fold the sample,
it is important that the entirety of the sample is submerged. After the fifth
dunk, raise the sample above the
beaker and allow the excess water from the sample to drain into the beaker for
15 seconds being careful not
to shake the sample. Pour 140 g water from the 2000 ml beaker into a 150 ml
beaker and measure the
Dynamic Surface Tension Value using the tensiometer. Continue to repeat the
submergence in 1000 g
batches of fresh water and obtain the surface tension measurement (DSTV) of
each sample until the DSTV
equals the initial surface tension measurement of the prepared water.
Surfactant Dissolution Extent Methodoloey
The Surfactant Dissolution Extent measures the rate at which the surfactant
contained within the
article is released when exposed to water, i.e., upon submergence, as is
experienced in a shower or a bath.
Begin by filling ten 2000m1 beakers with tap water (10 grains per gallon) and
label them
consecutively. Maintain the temperatures of the beakers in a 104°F
water bath until the temperature of the
water in the beakers equilibrates. Next, hold the article above beaker 1 and
submerge and remove the
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article six times in 5 seconds and after the sixth submergence and removal
allow the excess water from the
article to drip into the beaker for an additional 15 seconds. Being careful
not to squeeze or fold the sample,
it is important that the entirety of the sample is submerged. Repeat the
submergence/removal cycle/drip
cycle of the article in each of the remaining beakers consecutively.
S Upon completion of these cycles pour 25 ml of solution from each beaker into
a correspondingly
labeled 100 ml capped scaled cylinder. Seal each cylinder with parafilm and
mount each cylinder in a
rotator such that the cylinder is clamped by the rotator at the 58 ml position
(or relatively near the center of
the cylinder to aid in balancing the cylinder during rotation. Rotate each
cylinder at a rate of 40 rpm for 1
minute. Remove each cylinder from the rotator and let each stand for 2
minutes. Measure the lather
10 volume that appears in each cylinder. The Surfactant Dissolution Extent
represents the lather volume in
each beaker.
Flash Lather Volume Latherability Lather Dissipation Time Methodologies
The Flash Lather Volume (FLV) is indicative of the amount of lather generated
by the articles of
the present invention in a matter of one minute. The Latherability measures
the amount of lather generated
15 by a cleansing article under simulated shower conditions (i.e., in the
presence of running water). The Lather
Dissipation Time (LDT) indicates the time required for the lather to dissipate
under a constant flow of
water.
The test is run with water with a hardness of 10 grains per gallon, a
temperature of 104°F and a
water flow rate of 1.0 gallon per minute. Run the water through a sprinkler
head which emits 16 individual
20 streams of water within its 2 inch diameter. Place a plastic storage box
measuring 23 inches length x 16
inches width x 9 inches height in a deep sink adjacent to the running water
(e.g., Rubbermaid 14.7 gallon
plastic Storage Box). Then elevate one end of the storage box to create an
angle of about 30-45 degrees, the
slope running lengthwise. Cut away one side of the storage box (along 23 in
side) in a semicircular pattern
leaving a wall height of only 4" at the center to allow easy access. Place a
flexible bath mat with suction
25 feet, e.g., Rubbermaid Safti-Grip Bath Mat, faced down on the bottom of the
storage box. The whole unit is
continuously sprayed with warm water at 104 °F before actual
measurement. Once unit has been wetted,
stop the water flow. Place an article of the present invention comprising a
surfactant containing cleansing
component in the center of the bath mat. If the article is flat in design,
hold its leading edge up to allow
wetting of the underside. Point the water at the article for 1 second to wet
it, and then spray the water at the
30 article while stroking the article in circle on the unit. Continue spraying
and lathering the article for an
additional 4 seconds such that water is sprayed for 5 seconds total seconds
and then stop the water flow. A
diverting lever to maintain flow but direct it through the shower head or
towards the drain is useful. After
the initial 5 seconds of wetting and lathering the article, an experimenter
begins further lathering the article
vigorously at a stroke rate of 2 per second, dipping the article into the
water through at the bottom of the mat
after each stroke to maintain a fully wet article and mat. Each stroke covers
the entire distance, end-to-end,
of the bath mat, reaching to each edge of the box. After 30 seconds total
elapsed time (5 seconds with water
spraying and 25 seconds without water spraying), repeat 30 second lathering
cycle again. Then, remove the
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article from the tub without squeezing and place the article in a beaker.
Remove the lather filled box from
the sink and pour the box's contents through a cheesecloth covered colander (
100% cotton, heavy duty
cheesecloth, cut to about 16 inches x 23 inches). Remove all of the lather and
place in a suitable beaker for
lather volume measurement while a catch basin under the colander catches the
water that is then weighed to
check the water flow rate. Carefully lift the cheesecloth out of the colander
and transfer the foam to the
previously filled foam containing beaker. Once all lather is transferred to
the beaker, level the lather in the
beaker and measure its volume. This volume is the Flash Lather Volume.
Next, measure the lather weight and calculate the density of the lather using
its weight and volume.
Next, return the box to the sink, and repeat the above-listed steps with the
previously used article. The total
lather volume in the two minutes of lathering is the Latherability of the
article. To ensure consistency, run
two standard products at least at the start and end of each (daily) group of
experiments. The standard
products are the articles of Comparative Examples A and B. The standard
product typically produces an
average of about 1250 ml of lather with a lather density of about 0.058 g/ml.
The articles of the present invention preferably produce from about 500 ml to
about 4000 ml in 2
minutes, more preferably from about 750 ml to about 3000 ml and most
preferably from about 1000 ml to
about 2500 ml, of lather based on the Latherability Test.
Once the Latherability is determined, the Lather Dissipation Time may be
determined. Transfer the
entire lather volume back to the cheesecloth-covered colander and place the
stableness colander (top
opening: 11.5" in diameter; base circle diameter: 4.5"; 3.7" deep, 3 mm holes
one inch apart, total hole
numbers: 120 holes distributed evenly on circular side and 37 holes
distributed evenly on the bottom of the
colander) in the sink. Begin timing once lather-filled colander'is placed
beneath the water flow (1.0 gpm at
104 °F). Rotate the colander under the water flow and stop timing as
soon as lather completely disappears.
The time required for lather disappearance is the Lather Dissipation Time.
Loft-Soft Ratio MethodoloQv
Loftiness of substrates and softness of substrates are related. Softness has
several independent,
contributing components. One component is a kind of "pillowy" softness. That
is, when a force is applied
by hand or finger pressure, the substrate easily compresses in much the same
way a pillow compresses under
pressure to support a body member resting thereon. This test measures
parameters related to loftiness using
the following pieces of equipment:
1. Instron Model 1122 Compression and Tensile tester (or equivalent thereof);
2. Instron Serial Number 445 (200 grams full scale) compression load cell (or
equivalent thereof);
3. Flat top plate, attachable to load cell;
4. Flat base plate, under load cell;
5. 1.875 inch diameter punch; and
6. a hammer.
Substrate samples are cut using a 1.875 inch diameter punch and hammer. In
instances where the
punching process inelastically compresses edges of discs, the edges are
carefully fluffed to restore original
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32
dimension. With the top plate in position, the Instron load cell is calibrated
and is then run in compression
mode at 0.50 inches/minute rate of descent. The Instron may be controlled
manually or by computer as long
as the final compression is greater than 30 grams/in2 pressure and data is
collected quickly enough
(computer assisted recommended) to determine the height at various compression
values during descent.
The top plate is then moved down until it contacts the base plate at which
point the height is set at zero. It is
important that the top plate and base plate are parallel, making contact at
all points simultaneously.
Once the apparatus is zeroed, the top plate is retracted to a position above
the base plate allowing
sufficient space to interpose a substrate sample disc. A substrate disc is
then placed in the center of the base
plate. The Instron is then set to compress each substrate sample once fully.
Next, the Instron is turned on
and the height and force of the top plate is continuous recorded. Once the
compression of the sample is
complete, the compression of new samples of the same substrate is repeated as
many times as is needed to
establish a reliable average. The average height above the base plate at
compression values of 5 gms/in2 and
30 gms/inz equals the thickness at 5 gms/inz and 30 gms/in2, respectively. The
Loft-Soft Ratio is then
calculated as the ratio of the thickness at 5 gms/in2 divided by the thickness
at 30 gms/in2.
Crepe Ratio Method
Creping produces substrates that have patterns of peaks and valleys. Creping
can add value to
substrates by providing bulk, softness, enhanced ability to remove dirt,
enhanced transport of air and water
necessary for lather, compressive resiliency, and visually pleasing
appearance. Individual substrates can be
creped and optionally combined with other substrates, creped or uncreped; also
multi-layered articles can be
creped. This method can be used to define amount of creping for individual
substrates or finished articles.
There are a number of different ways to measure the amount of creping. The
objective of this method is to
measure a bulky, thick dimension representative of the peak-to-nadir dimension
of the substrate; and a thin
dimension representative of "wall thickness" of the substrate.
The first layer preferably exhibits a Crepe Ratio of from about 3 to about 45,
more preferably the
lower Crepe Ratio limit is about 4.1, more preferably about 4.15, even more
preferably about 4.2, and most
preferably about 4.25. The upper limit for the Crepe Ratio is more preferably
20, even more preferably 15
and most preferably about 12. These lower and upper limits may be combined to
give an optimum range.
First, the thickness of the substrate to be tested is measured at a
Compression Relaxation Hysteresis
Value (CRHV) of 5 grams/in2 according to the Loft-Soft Method that is
discussed above. Several
representative pieces of the same substrate are then cut measuring a few
square inches. Next, the Flat End
Knife Probe (0.02 inches thick X 7mm wide) is attached to the top of an
Instron Model 1122 Compression
and Tensile tester (or equivalent thereof) in a vertical position. The knife
end plane is defined by the .0200
inch x 7 mm rectangular cross section being parallel to the base plate. An
Instron Serial Number 445 load
cell (with 100 gms full scale load setting) is calibrated with the top plate
in position. The Instron tester is
run in compression mode at 0.20 inches/minute rate of descent. The apparatus
can be computer or manually
controlled so long as the final compression reaches a minimum of 25 grams
force and data is collected
sufficiently rapidly (computer assisted recommended) to determine the height
at various compression values
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during descent. The top plate is then moved down until the knife end
establishes contact with the base plate
and the zero point height is set. The knife flat end and base plate must be
parallel, making contact at all
points simultaneously. The knife probe is retracted to a position above the
base plate allowing sufficient
space to interpose a substrate. The substrate is then placed on the base plate
so that the descending Flat End
Knife Probe can descend for the longest possible time without contacting any
portion of the substrate. The
Instron is then run so as to compress this trough portion of the sample with
the knife blade. The sample may
be maneuvered during the slow descent of the knife blade to ensure the
thinnest possible substrate
dimension is being measured. This is the wall thickness. The Instron is then
run until a force of about 50
grams is reached during which the height and force are being continuously
recorded, preferably by computer
print out. Additional substrate samples are similarly tested in order to
establish a reliable average. The
average height above the base plate at a compression value of 10 grams force
is then recorded. The Crepe
Ratio is then determined to be the ratio of the substrate thickness at 5
grams/in2 measured by the Loft-Soft
Method, divided by the thickness measured with the Flat End Knife Probe at 10
grams force.
Surface to Saturation Ratio Methodoloey
The articles of the present invention which include a therapeutic benefit
component have the
therapeutic benefit component substantially on the surface of the substrate.
By "substantially on the surface
of the substrate" is meant that the surface to saturation ratio is greater
than about 1.25, preferably greater
than about 1.5, more preferably greater than about 2.0, even more preferably
greater than about 2.25, and
most preferably greater than 2.5. The surface to saturation ratio is a ratio
of the measurement of benefit
agent on the surface of the substrate. These measurements are obtained from
Attenuated Total Reflectance
(ATR) FT-IR Spectroscopy the use of which is well known to one skilled in the
art of analytical chemistry.
Many conventional methods of application of conditioning agents to substrates
employ processes
and/or product rheologies unsuitable for the purposes of the present
invention. For example, a process to
dip the substrate web in a fluid bath of conditioning agent and then squeeze
the substrate web through
metering rolls, so called "dip and nip" processing, applies conditioning agent
through the entire substrate
and therefore does not afford opportunity for effective direct transfer of the
composition off the cloth and
onto another surface during use. Furthermore, many of the articles of the
present invention utilize sufficient
loadings of conditioning agent onto substrates to provide an effective whole
body benefit, usually requiring
about 100-200% loading rates based on the weight of the dry substrate. Known
personal care implements
that use these high loading levels essentially avoid dealing with aesthetic
issues that can result from these
high loadings by distributing the loading evenly throughout the substrate,
including the substrate interior.
Applicants have surprisingly found that high loadings of conditioning agent
can be maintained on the
surface of the article, thus advantageously affording opportunity for direct
transfer of the benefit agents from
the substrate to the surface to be treated during use, while delivering
improved aesthetics by the
compositions of the present invention.
The procedure to obtain the measurements is as follows:
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Instrumental Setup: A BioRad FTS-7 spectrometer, manufactured by Bio Rad Labs,
Digital
Laboratory Division, located in Cambridge, MA, is used to collect the infrared
spectra. Typically, the
measurements consist of 100 scans at 4 cm's resolution. The collection optics
consist of a flat 60 deg ZnSe
ATR crystal, manufactured by Graseby Specac, lnc., located in Fairfield, CT.
Data is collected at 25°C and
analyzed using Grams 386 software, distributed by Galactic Industries Corp.,
located in Salem, NH. Prior
to measurement the crystal is cleaned with a suitable solvent. The sample is
placed onto the ATR crystal
and held under constant 4 kilogram weight.
Experimental Procedure:
(1) Measure the reference (background) spectrum of the cleaned, air dried
cell.
(2) First, select a substrate with no benefit agents applied to it, the
substrate selected comprising
the external surface of the article. Place substrate on top of the ATR
crystal., external surface
against the crystal. First lay the substrate flat on the measuring platform.
Then place a 4 kg.
weight on top of the substrate. Then, measure the spectrum (typically 100
scans at 4 cm ~
resolution). The substrate acts as an internal standard because the absorbancy
of the substrate
alone is thus identified. Identify the main substrate peaks and wavenumbers.
(3) Repeat the procedure for the substrate of the article with benefit agent
applied to it. Identify
the primary benefit agent's peak heights, which are the highest observed peaks
that either do
not correspond to a substrate peak as observed previously; or which may
correspond to a
previously observed substrate peak but which exhibit the greatest percentage
increase in
absorbance due to presence of the conditioning agent. Record the wavenumber
and
absorbance of several benefit agent peaks.
(4) Select the substrate peak from the spectra determined in step 3 which
occurs at a wavenumber
determined in step 2, but which does not correspond to one of the primary
benefit agent peaks
selected in step 3. Record the wavenumber selected and the absorbance from the
absorbance
spectrum in step 3.
(5) Calculate the ratio of each benefit agent's peak height determined in step
3 to the substrate's
peak height determined in step 4. The highest number of the group represents
the surface to
saturation ratio for the article.
The following contain some examples:
Substrate* Substrate ConditionerConditionerRatio
Peak and
Peak Ht. Peak Ht.
Batting (blend Glycerin
of
polyester heat 0.0865 (C-O Peak 0.181 2.09
bonded at
with 70% PET/PE (C=O Peak 1030 cm
at 1710 ~)
bicomponent fiber)cm ~)
Batting (blend Hydrocarbon
of
SU~STI'~UT~ ~HEE~' (RULE 2~G
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polyester heat 0.0865 (C-H Peak 0.160 1.85
bonded at
with 70% PET/PE (C=O Peak 2923 cW
at 1710 ')
bicomponent fiber)crri')
70% Rayon/30% 0.0333 Glycerin
Polyester, (C=O Peak (C-O Peak 0.0684 2.05
at 1710 at
hydroentangled cm') 1030 cm'')
*Substrates of these types are readily available, for example from PG1
Nonwovens, Benson, NC
Moisture Retention Methodology
As described above, the articles of the present invention are considered to be
"substantially dry".
As used herein, "substantially dry" means that the articles of the present
invention exhibit a Moisture
5 Retention of less than about 0.95 gms, preferably less than about 0.75 gms,
even more preferably, less than
about 0.5 gms, even more preferably less than about 0.25 gms, even still more
preferably less than about
0.15 gms, and most preferably, less than about 0.1 gms. The Moisture Retention
is indicative of the dry
feel that users perceive upon touching the articles of the present invention
as opposed to the feel of "wet"
wipes.
10 In order to determine the Moisture Retention of the present articles and
other disposable substrate-
based products, the following equipment and materials are needed.
Bounty White Paper Towel Procter & Gamble SKU 37000
63037
Basis Weight = 42. l4gsm
Balance Accurate to O.Og
Lexan 0.5" thickness
large enough to cover samples
completely and
weighs 1000g
Weight A 2000g weight or combination
to equal 2000g
Next, weigh two paper towels separately and record each weight. Place one
paper towel on flat
15 surface (e.g. lab bench). Place the sample article on top of that towel.
Place the other paper towel on top
of sample article. Next, place the Lexan and then the 2000g weights) on top of
the sandwiched sample
article. Wait 1 minute. After the minute, remove weights) and Lexan. Weigh the
top and bottom paper
towel and record the weight.
Calculate the Moisture Retention by subtracting the initial paper towel weight
from the final
20 weight (after 1 minute) for both the top and bottom paper towels. Add the
weight differences obtained for
the top and bottom paper towels. Assuming multiple articles are tested,
average the total weight differences
to obtain the Moisture Retention.
MULTIPLE ARTICLE EMBODIMENT
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 2~
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36
The article of the present invention may also be packaged with one or more
articles suitable for
providing separate benefits, e.g., aesthetic, therapeutic, functional, or
otherwise, thereby forming a personal
care kit. The additional article of this personal care kit preferably
comprises a water insoluble substrate
comprising at least one layer and a benefit agent component disposed adjacent
to the layer of the substrate
of the additional article. The benefit agent component of the additional
article is suitable for providing
therapeutic or aesthetic skin or hair benefits by deposition onto such
surfaces of various agents including,
but not limited to, conditioning agents, anti-acne actives, anti-wrinkle
actives, anti-microbial actives, anti-
fungal actives, anti-inflammatory actives, topical anesthetic actives,
artificial tanning agents and
accelerators, sunscreen actives, anti-oxidants, skin exfoliating agents, and
combinations thereof.
The additional article of the present invention may also serve a functional
benefit in addition to or in
lieu of a therapeutic or aesthetic benefit. For instance, the additional
article may be useful as a drying
implement suitable for use to aid in the removal of water from the skin or
hair upon completion of a
showering or bathing experience.
MULTIPLE CHAMBERED EMBODIMENT
The article of the present invention may also comprise one or more chambers.
Such chambers or
compartments result from the connection (e.g., bonding) of the substrate
layers to one another at various
loci to define enclosed areas. These chambers are useful, e.g., for separating
various article components
from one another, e.g., the surfactant-containing cleansing component from a
conditioning agent. The
separated article components which provide a therapeutic or aesthetic or
cleansing benefit may be released
from the chambers in a variety of ways including, but not limited to,
solubilization, emulsification,
mechanical transfer, puncturing, popping, bursting, squeezing of the chamber
or even peeling away a
substrate layer which composes a portion of the chamber.
OPTIONAL COMPONENTS
The articles of the present invention may contain a variety of other
components such as are
conventionally used in a given product type provided that they do not
unacceptably alter the benefits of the
invention. These optional components should be suitable for application to
human skin and hair, that is,
when incorporated into the article they are suitable for use in contact with
human skin without undue
toxicity, incompatibility, instability, allergic response, and the like,
within the scope of sound medical or
formulator's judgment. The CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook, Second Edition
(1992) describes a wide
variety of nonlimiting cosmetic and pharmaceutical ingredients commonly used
in the skin care industry,
which are suitable for use in the articles of the present invention. Examples
of these ingredient classes
include: enzymes, abrasives, skin exfoliating agents, absorbents, aesthetic
components such as fragrances,
pigments, colorings/colorants, essential oils, skin sensates, astringents,
etc. (e.g., clove oil, menthol,
camphor, eucalyptus oil, eugenol, menthyl lactate, witch hazel distillate),
anti-acne agents (e.g., resorcinol,
sulfur, salicylic acid, erythromycin, zinc, etc.), anti-caking agents,
antifoaming agents, additional
antimicrobial agents (e.g., iodopropyl butylcarbamate), antioxidants, binders,
biological additives, buffering
agents, bulking agents, chelating agents, chemical additives, colorants,
cosmetic astringents, cosmetic
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biocides, denaturants, drug astringents, external analgesics, film formers or
materials, e.g., polymers, for
aiding the film-forming properties and substantivity of the composition (e.g.,
copolymer of eicosene and
vinyl pyrrolidone), humectants, opacifying agents, pH adjusters, propellants,
reducing agents, sequestrants,
skin bleaching agents (or lightening agents) (e.g., hydroquinone, kojic acid,
ascorbic acid, magnesium
ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl glucosamine), skin-conditioning agents
(humectants, including miscellaneous
and occlusive), skin soothing and/or healing agents (e.g., panthenol and
derivatives (e.g., ethyl panthenol),
aloe vera, pantothenic acid and its derivatives, allantoin, bisabolol, and
dipotassium glycyrrhizinate), skin
treating agents, including agents for preventing, retarding, arresting, and/or
reversing skin wrinkles (e.g.,
alpha-hydroxy acids such as lactic acid and glycolic acid and beta-hydroxy
acids such as salicylic acid),
thickeners, hydrocolloids, particular zeolites, and vitamins and derivatives
thereof (e.g. tocopherol,
tocopherol acetate, beta carotene, retinoic acid, retinol, retinoids, retinyl
palmitate, niacin, niacinamide, and
the like). The articles of the present invention may include carrier
components such as are known in the
art. Such carriers can include one or more compatible liquid or solid filler
diluents or vehicles which are
suitable for application to skin or hair.
The articles of the present invention may optionally contain one or more of
such optional
components. Preferred articles optionally contain a safe and effective amount
of an therapeutic benefit
component comprising a therapeutic benefit agent selected from the group
consisting of vitamin
compound's, skin treating agents, anti-acne actives, anti-wrinkle actives,
anti-skin atrophy actives, anti-
inflammatory actives, topical anesthetics, artificial tanning actives and
accelerators, anti-microbial actives,
anti-fungal actives, sunscreen actives, anti-oxidants, skin exfoliating
agents, and combinations thereof. As
used herein, "a safe and effective amount" means an amount of a compound or
component sufficient to
significantly induce a positive effect or benefit, but low enough to avoid
serious side effects, (e.g., undue
toxicity or allergic reaction), i.e., to provide a reasonable benefit to risk
ratio, within the scope of sound
medical judgment.
The optional components useful herein can be categorized by their therapeutic
or aesthetic benefit
or their postulated mode of action. However, it is to be understood that the
optional components useful
herein can in some instances provide more than one therapeutic or aesthetic
benefit or operate via more
than one mode of action. Therefore, classifications herein are made for the
sake of convenience and are not
intended to limit the component to that particular application or applications
listed. Also, when applicable,
the pharmaceutically-acceptable salts of the components are useful herein.
Vitamin Com op unds
The present articles may comprise vitamin compounds, precursors, and
derivatives thereof. These
vitamin compounds may be in either natural or synthetic form. Suitable vitamin
compounds include, but
are not limited to, Vitamin A (e.g., beta carotene, retinoic acid, retinol,
retinoids, retinyl palmitate, retinyl
proprionate, etc.), Vitamin B (e.g., niacin, niacinamide, riboflavin,
pantothenic acid, etc.), Vitamin C (e.g.,
ascorbic acid, etc.), Vitamin D (e.g., ergosterol, ergocalciferol,
cholecalciferol, etc.), Vitamin E (e.g.,
tocopherol acetate, etc.), and Vitamin K (e.g., phytonadione, menadione,
phthiocol, etc.) compounds.
~Di~~~~~~~ v~~~~ ~~
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In particular, the articles of the present invention may comprise a safe and
effective amount of a
vitamin B3 compound. Vitamin B3 compounds are particularly useful for
regulating skin condition as
described in co-pending U. S. Application Serial No. 08/834,010, filed April
11, 1997 (corresponding to
international publication WO 97/39733 A1, published October 30, 1997) which is
incorporated by
reference herein in its entirety. The therapeutic component of the present
invention preferably comprise
from about 0.01% to about 50%, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 10%,
even more preferably
from about 0.5% to about 10%, and still more preferably from about 1% to about
5%, most preferably from
about 2% to about 5%, of the vitamin B3 compound.
As used herein, "vitamin B3 compound" means a compound having the formula:
wherein R is - CONH2 (i.e., niacinamide), - COOH (i.e., nicotinic acid) or -
CH20H (i.e., nicotinyl
alcohol); derivatives thereof; and salts of any of the foregoing.
Exemplary derivatives of the foregoing vitamin B3 compounds include nicotinic
acid esters,
including non-vasodilating esters of nicotinic acid, nicotinyl amino acids,
nicotinyl alcohol esters of
carboxylic acids, nicotinic acid N-oxide and niacinamide N-oxide.
Examples of suitable vitamin B3 compounds are well known in the art and are
commercially
available from a number of sources, e.g., the Sigma Chemical Company (St.
Louis, MO); ICN Biomedicals,
Inc. (Irvin, CA) and Aldrich Chemical Company (Milwaukee, WI).
The vitamin compounds may be included as the substantially pure material, or
as an extract
obtained by suitable physical and/or chemical isolation from natural (e.g.,
plant) sources.
Skin Treating~ents
The articles of the present invention may contain one or more skin treating
agents. Suitable skin
treating agents include those effective for preventing, retarding, arresting,
and/or reversing skin wrinkles.
Examples of suitable skin treating agents include, but are not limited to,
alpha-hydroxy acids such as lactic
acid and glycolic acid and beta-hydroxy acids such as salicylic acid.
Anti-Acne Actives
Examples of anti-acne actives useful in the articles of the present invention
include the keratolytics
such as salicylic acid (o-hydroxybenzoic acid), derivatives of salicylic acid
such as 5-octanoyl salicylic
acid, and resorcinol; retinoids such as retinoic acid and its derivatives
(e.g., cis and trans); sulfur-containing
D and L amino acids and their derivatives and salts, particularly their N-
acetyl derivatives, a preferred
example of which is N-acetyl-L-cysteine; lipoic acid; antibiotics and
antimicrobials such as benzoyl
peroxide, octopirox, tetracycline, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether,
3,4,4'-trichlorobanilide, azelaic
acid and its derivatives, phenoxyethanol, phenoxypropanol, phenoxyisopropanol,
ethyl acetate,
clindamycin and meclocycline; sebostats such as flavonoids; and bile salts
such as scymnol sulfate and its
derivatives, deoxycholate, and cholate.
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39
Anti-Wrinkle and Anti-Skin Atrophy Actives
Examples of anti-wrinkle and anti-skin atrophy actives useful in the articles
of the present
invention include retinoic acid and its derivatives (e.g., cis and trans);
retinol; retinyl esters; niacinamide,
salicylic acid and derivatives thereof; sulfur-containing D and L amino acids
and their derivatives and salts,
particularly the N-acetyl derivatives, a preferred example of which is N-
acetyl-L-cysteine; thiols, e.g.,
ethane thiol; hydroxy acids, phytic acid, lipoic acid; lysophosphatidic acid,
and skin peel agents (e.g.,
phenol and the like).
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Actives (NSAIDS)
Examples of NSA1DS useful in the articles of the present invention include the
following
categories: propionic acid derivatives; acetic acid derivatives; fenamic acid
derivatives; biphenylcarboxylic
acid derivatives; and oxicams. All of these NSAIDS are fully described in U.
S. Patent 4,985,459 to
Sunshine et al., issued January 15, 1991, incorporated by reference herein in
its entirety. Examples of
useful NSAIDS include acetyl salicylic acid, ibuprofen, naproxen,
benoxaprofen, flurbiprofen, fenoprofen,
fenbufen, ketoprofen, indoprofen, pirprofen, carprofen, oxaprozin,
pranoprofen, miroprofen, tioxaprofen,
suprofen, alminoprofen, tiaprofenic acid, fluprofen and bucloxic acid. Also
useful are the steroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs including hydrocortisone and the like.
Topical Anesthetics
Examples of topical anesthetic drugs useful in the articles of the present
invention include
benzocaine, lidocaine, bupivacaine, chlorprocaine, dibucaine, etidocaine,
mepivacaine, tetracaine,
dyclonine, hexylcaine, procaine, cocaine, ketamine, pramoxine, phenol, and
pharmaceutically acceptable
salts thereof.
Artificial Tanning Actives and Accelerators
Examples of artificial tanning actives and accelerators useful in the articles
of the present
invention include dihydroxyacetaone, tyrosine, tyrosine esters such as ethyl
tyrosinate, and phospho-
DOPA.
Antimicrobial and Antifun~al Actives
Examples of antimicrobial and antifungal actives useful in the articles of the
present invention
include f3-lactam drugs, quinolone drugs, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin,
tetracycline, erythromycin, amikacin,
2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether, 3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide,
phenoxyethanol, phenoxy propanol,
phenoxyisopropanol, doxycycline, capreomycin, chlorhexidine,
chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline,
clindamycin, ethambutol, hexamidine isethionate, metronidazole, pentamidine,
gentamicin, kanamycin,
lineomycin, methacycline, methenamine, minocycline, neomycin, netilmicin,
paromomycin, streptomycin,
tobramycin, miconazole, tetracycline hydrochloride, erythromycin, zinc
erythromycin, erythromycin
estolate, erythromycin stearate, amikacin sulfate, doxycycline hydrochloride,
capreomycin sulfate,
chlorhexidine gluconate, chlorhexidine hydrochloride, chlortetracycline
hydrochloride, oxytetracycline
hydrochloride, clindamycin hydrochloride, ethambutol hydrochloride,
metronidazole hydrochloride,
pentamidine hydrochloride, gentamicin sulfate, kanamycin sulfate, lineomycin
hydrochloride, methacycline
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hydrochloride, methenamine hippurate, methenamine mandelate, minocycline
hydrochloride, neomycin sul-
fate, netilmicin sulfate, paromomycin sulfate, streptomycin sulfate,
tobramycin sulfate, miconazole
hydrochloride, amanfadine hydrochloride, amanfadine sulfate, octopirox,
parachlorometa xylenol, nystatin,
tolnaftate, zinc pyrithione and clotrimazole.
5 Anti-viral A ents
The articles of the present invention may further comprise one or more anti-
viral agents. Suitable
anti-viral agents include, but are not limited to, metal salts (e.g., silver
nitrate, copper sulfate, iron chloride,
etc.) and organic acids (e.g., malic acid, salicylic acid, succinic acid,
benzoic acid, etc.). In particular
compositions which contain additional suitable anti-viral agents include those
described in copending U. S.
10 patent applications Serial Nos. 09/421,084 (Beerse et al.) ; 09/421,131
(Biedermann et al.); 09/420,646
(Morgan et al.); and 09/421,179 (Page et al.), which were each filed on
October 19, 1999.
Enzymes
The article of the present invention may optionally include one or more
enzymes. Preferably, such
enzymes are dermatologically acceptable. Suitable enzymes include, but are not
limited to, keratinase,
15 protease, amylase, subtilisin, etc..
Sunscreen Actives
Also useful herein are sunscreening actives. A wide variety of sunscreening
agents are described
in U.S. Patent No. 5,087,445, to Haffey et al., issued February 11, 1992; U.S.
Patent No. 5,073,372, to
Turner et al., issued December 17, 1991; U.S. Patent No. 5,073,371, to Turner
et al. issued December 17,
20 1991; and Segarin, et al., at Chapter VIII, pages 189 et seq., of Cosmetics
Science and Technology, all of
which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Nonlimiting
examples of sunscreens which are
useful in the compositions of the present invention are those selected from
the group consisting of 2-
ethylhexyl p-methoxycinnamate, 2-ethylhexyl N,N-dimethyl p-aminobenzoate, p-
aminobenzoic acid, 2-
phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid, octocrylene, oxybenzone, homomenthyl
salicylate, octyl salicylate,
25 4,4'-methoxy-t-butyldibenzoylmethane, 4-isopropyl dibenzoylmethane, 3-
benzylidene camphor, 3-(4-
methylbenzylidene) camphor, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silica, iron oxide,
and mixtures thereof. Still
other useful sunscreens are those disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,937,370, to
Sabatelli, issued June 26, 1990;
and U.S. Patent No. 4,999,186, to Sabatelli et al., issued March 12, 1991;
these two references are
incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. Especially preferred
examples of these sunscreens
30 include those selected from the group consisting of 4-N,N-(2-
ethylhexyl)methylaminobenzoic acid ester of
2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 4-N,N-(2-ethylhexyl)methylaminobenzoic acid ester
with 4-
hydroxydibenzoylmethane, 4-N,N- (2-ethylhexyl)-methylaminobenzoic acid ester
of 2-hydroxy-4-(2-
hydroxyethoxy)benzophenone, 4-N,N-(2-ethylhexyl)-methylaminobenzoic acid ester
of 4-(2-
hydroxyethoxy)dibenzoylmethane, and mixtures thereof. Exact amounts of
sunscreens which can be
35 employed will vary depending upon the sunscreen chosen and the desired Sun
Protection Factor (SPF) to
be achieved. SPF is a commonly used measure of photoprotection of a sunscreen
against erythema. See
~~~'~~~~ !T~ c~EE'T (,RULE Z~fi~
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41
Federal Re ig'ster, Vol. 43, No. 166, pp. 38206-38269, August 25, 1978, which
is incorporated herein by
reference in its entirety.
Hydrocolloids
Hydrocolloids may also be optionally included in the articles of the present
invention.
Hydrocolloids are well known in the art and are helpful in extending the
useful life of the surfactants
contained in the cleansing component of the present invention such that the
articles may last throughout at
least one entire showering or bathing experience. Suitable hydrocolloids
include, but are not limited to,
xanthan gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxylpropyl
cellulose, methyl and ethyl
cellulose, natural gums, gudras guar gum, bean gum, natural starches,
deionitized starches (e.g., starch
octenyl succinate) and the like.
Exothermic Zeolites
Zeolites and other compounds which react exothermically when combined with
water may also be
optionally included in the articles of the present invention.
HydroQel Forming_Polymeric Gelling Agents
The articles of the present invention may optionally comprise an aqueous gel,
i.e., a "hydrogel",
formed from a hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agent and water. When an
aqueous gel is present, the
articles preferably comprise from about 0.1 % to about I 00%, by weight of the
water insoluble substrate,
more preferably from about 3% to about 50%, and most preferably from about 5%
to about 35%, of a
hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agent, calculated based on the dry weight
of the hydrogel forming
polymeric gelling agent.
In general, the hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agent materials of the
present invention are at
least partially crosslinked polymers prepared from polymerizable, unsaturated
acid-containing monomers
which are water-soluble or become water-soluble upon hydrolysis. These include
monoethylenically
unsaturated compounds having at least one hydrophilic radical, including (but
not limited to) olefinically
unsaturated acids and anhydrides which contain at least one carbon-carbon
olefinic double bond. With
respect to these monomers, water-soluble means that the monomer is soluble in
deionized water at 25°C at
a level of at least 0.2%, preferably at least 1.0%.
Upon polymerization, monomeric units as described above will generally
constitute from about 25
mole percent to 99.99 mole percent, more preferably from about 50 mole percent
to 99.99 mole percent,
most preferably at least about 75 mole percent of the polymeric gelling agent
material (dry polymer weight
basis), of acid-containing monomers.
The hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agent herein is partially crosslinked
to a sufficient degree
preferably that is high enough such that the resulting polymer does not
exhibit a glass transition
temperature (Tg) below about 140°C, and accordingly, the term "hydrogel
forming polymeric gelling
agent," as used herein, shall mean polymers meeting this parameter. Preferably
the hydrogel forming
polymeric gelling agent does not have a Tg below about 180°C, and more
preferably does not have a Tg
prior to decomposition of the polymer, at temperatures of about 300°C
or higher. The Tg can be
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42
determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) conducted at a heating
rate of 20.0 C°/minute with 5
mg or smaller samples. The Tg is calculated as the midpoint between the onset
and endset of heat flow
change corresponding to the glass transition on the DSC heat capacity heating
curve. The use of DSC to
determine Tg is well known in the art, and is described by B. Cassel and M. P.
DiVito in "Use of DSC To
S Obtain Accurate Thermodynamic and Kinetic Data", American Laboratory,
January 1994, pp 14-19, and by
B. Wunderlich in Thermal Anal Academic Press, Inc., 1990.
The hydrogel forming polymeric material is characterized as highly absorbent
and able to retain
water in its absorbed or "gel" state. Preferred hydrogel forming polymeric
gelling agent hereof will be able
to absorb at least about 40 g water (deionized) per gram of gelling agent,
preferably at least about 60 g/g,
more preferably at least about 80 g/g. These values, referred to as
"Absorptive Capacity" herein can be
determined according to the procedure in the Absorptive Capacity "Tea Bag"
test described above.
The hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agent hereof will, in general, be at
least partially
crosslinked. Suitable cross-linking agents are well know in the art and
include, for example, (1)
compounds having at least two polymerizable double bonds; (2) compounds having
at least one
1 S polymerizable double bond and at least one functional group reactive with
the acid-containing monomer
material; (3) compounds having at least two functional groups reactive with
the acid-containing monomer
material; and (4) polyvalent metal compounds which can form ionic cross-
linkages.
Cross-linking agents having at least two polymerizable double bonds include
(i) di- or polyvinyl
compounds such as divinylbenzene and divinyltoluene; (ii) di- or poly-esters
of unsaturated mono- or poly
carboxylic acids with polyols including, for example, di- or triacrylic acid
esters of polyols such as ethylene
glycol, trimethylol propane, glycerine, or polyoxyethylene glycols; (iii)
bisacrylamides such as N,N-
methylenebisacrylamide; (iv) carbamyl esters that can be obtained by reacting
polyisocyanates with
hydroxyl group-containing monomers; (v) di- or poly-allyl ethers of polyols;
(vi) di- or poly-allyl esters of
polycarboxylic acids such as diallyl phthalate, diallyl adipate, and the like;
(vii) esters of unsaturated mono-
or poly-carboxylic acids with mono-allyl esters of polyols such as acrylic
acid ester of polyethylene glycol
monoallyl ether; and (viii) di- or tri-allyl amine.
Cross-linking agents having at least one polymerizable double bond and at
least one functional
group reactive with the acid-containing monomer material include N-methylol
acrylamide, glycidyl
acrylate, and the like. Suitable cross-linking agents having at least two
functional groups reactive with the
acid-containing monomer material include glyoxal; polyols such as ethylene
glycol and glycerol;
polyamines such as alkylene diamines (e.g., ethylene diamine), polyalkylene
polyamines, polyepoxides, di-
or polyglycidyl ethers and the like. Suitable polyvalent metal cross-linking
agents which can form ionic
cross-linkages include oxides, hydroxides and weak acid salts (e.g.,
carbonate, acetate and the like) of
alkaline earth metals (e.g., calcium, magnesium) and zinc, including, for
example, calcium oxide and zinc
diacetate.
Cross-linking agents of many of the foregoing types are described in greater
detail in Masuda et
al., U. S. Patent 4,076,663, issued February 28, 1978, and Allen et al., U. S.
Patent 4,861,539, issued
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August 29, 1989, both incorporated herein by reference. Preferred cross-
linking agents include the di- or
polyesters of unsaturated mono- or polycarboxylic acids mono-allyl esters of
polyols, the bisacrylamides,
and the di- or tri-allyl amines. Specific examples of especially preferred
cross-linking agents include N,N'-
methylenebisacrylamide and trimethylol propane triacrylate.
The cross-linking agent will generally constitute from about 0.001 mole
percent to 5 mole percent
of the resulting hydrogel-forming polymeric material. More generally, the
cross-linking agent will
constitute from about 0.01 mole percent to 3 mole percent of the hydrogel-
forming polymeric gelling agent
used herein.
The hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agents hereof may be employed in their
partially
neutralized form. For purposes of this invention, such materials are
considered partially neutralized when
at least 25 mole percent, and preferably at least 50 mole percent of monomers
used to form the polymer are
acid group-containing monomers which have been neutralized with a base.
Suitable neutralizing bases
canons include hydroxides of alkali and alkaline earth metal (e.g. KOH, NaOH),
ammonium, substituted
ammonium, and amines such as amino alcohols (e.g., 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-
propanediol, diethanolamine,
IS and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol. This percentage of the total monomers
utilized which are neutralized
acid group-containing monomers is referred to herein as the "degree of
neutralization." The degree of
neutralization will preferably not exceed 98%.
Hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agents suitable for use herein are well
known in the art, and
are described, for example, in U. S. Patent 4,076,663, Masuda et al., issued
February 28, 1978; U. S. Patent
4,062,817, Westerman, issued December 13, 1977; U. S. Patent 4,286,082,
Tsubakimoto et al., issued
August 25, 1981; U. S. Patent 5,061,259, Goldman et al., issued October 29,
1991, and U. S. Patent
4,654,039, Brandt et al., issued March 31, 1987 each of which is incorporated
herein in its entirety.
Hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agents suitable for use herein are also
described in U. S.
Patent 4,731,067, Le-Khac, issued March 15, 1988, U. S. Patent 4,743,244, Le-
Khac, issued May 10, 1988,
U. S. Patent 4,813,945, Le-Khac, issued March 21, 1989, U. S. Patent
4,880,868, Le-Khac, issued
November 14, 1989, U. S. Patent 4,892,533, Le-Khac, issued January 9, 1990, U.
S. Patent 5,026,784, Le-
Khac, issued June 25, 1991, U. S. Patent 5,079,306, Le-Khac, issued January 7,
1992, U. S. Patent
5,151,465, Le-Khac, issued September 29, 1992, U. S. Patent 4,861,539, Allen,
Farrer, and Flesher, issued
August 29, 1989, and U. S. Patent 4,962,172, Allen, Farrer, and Flesher,
issued October 9, 1990, each of
which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Suitable hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agents in the form of particles
are commercially
available from Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Portsmouth, VA, USA (SanwetT""
Superabsorbent Polymers)
Nippon Shokubai, Japan (AqualicT"", e.g., L-75, L-76) and Dow Chemical
Company, Midland, Ml, USA
(Dry TechT"~).
Hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agents in the form of fibers are
commercially available from
Camelot Technologies Inc., Leominster, MA, USA (FibersorbT"~, e.g., SA 7200H,
SA 7200M, SA 7000L,
SA 7000, and SA 7300).
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The articles of the present invention may also contain other hydrophilic
gelling agents. These
include carboxylic acid-containing polymers as otherwise described above,
except which have relatively
lower degrees of crosslinking, such that they exhibit a Tg below 140°C,
as well as a variety of other water
soluble or colloidally water soluble polymers, such as cellulose ethers (e.g.
hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl
cellulose, hydroxy propylmethyl cellulose), polyvinylpyrrolidone,
polyvinylalcohol, guar gum,
hydroxypropyl guar gum and xanthan gum. Preferred among these additional
hydrophilic gelling agents
are the acid-containing polymers, particularly carboxylic acid-containing
polymers. Especially preferred
are those that comprise water-soluble polymer of acrylic acid crosslinked with
a polyalkenyl polyether of a
polyhydric alcohol, and optionally an acrylate ester or a polyfunctional
vinylidene monomer.
Preferred copolymers useful in the present invention are polymers of a
monomeric mixture
containing 95 to 99 weight percent of an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic
monomer selected from the
group consisting of acrylic, methacrylic and ethacrylic acids; about 1 to
about 3.5 weight percent of an
acrylate ester of the formula:
R1 O
CH2=C-C-O-R
wherein R is an alkyl radical containing 10 to 30 carbon atoms and R1 is
hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; and
0.1 to 0.6 weight percent of a polymerizable cross-linking polyalkenyl
polyether of a polyhydric alcohol
containing more than one alkenyl ether group per molecule wherein the parent
polyhydric alcohol contains
at least 3 carbon atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups.
Preferably, these polymers contain from about 96 to about 97.9 weight percent
of acrylic acid and
from about 2.5 to about 3.5 weight percent of acrylic esters wherein the alkyl
group contains 12 to 22
carbon atoms, and R1 is methyl, most preferably the acrylate ester is stearyl
methacrylate. Preferably, the
amount of crosslinking polyalkenyl polyether monomer is from about 0.2 to 0.4
weight percent. The
preferred crosslinking polyalkenyl polyether monomers are allyl
pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane
diallylether or allyl sucrose. These polymers are fully described in U. S.
Patent No. 4,509,949, to Huang et
al., issued April 5, 1985, this patent being incorporated herein by reference.
Other preferred copolymers useful in the present invention are the polymers
which contain at least
two monomeric ingredients, one being a monomeric olefinically-unsaturated
carboxylic acid, and the other
being a polyalkenyl, polyether of a polyhydric alcohol. Additional monomeric
materials may be present in
the monomeric mixture if desired, even in predominant proportion.
The first monomeric ingredient useful in the production of these carboxylic
polymers are the
olefinically-unsaturated carboxylic acids containing at least one activated
carbon-to-carbon olefinic double
bond, and at least one carboxyl group. The preferred carboxylic monomers are
the acrylic acids having the
general structure
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
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R2
CHZ=C-COOH
wherein R2 is a substituent selected from the class consisting of hydrogen,
halogen, and the cyanogen (-
C=N) groups, monovalent alkyl radicals, monovalent alkaryl radicals and
monovalent cycloaliphatic
radicals. Of this class, acrylic, methacrylic, and ethacrylic acid are most
preferred. Another useful
5 carboxylic monomer is malefic anhydride or the acid. The amount of acid used
will be from about 95.5 to
about 98.9 weight percent.
The second monomeric ingredient useful in the production of these carboxylic
polymers are the
polyalkenyl polyethers having more than one alkenyl ether grouping per
molecule, such as alkenyl groups
in which an olefinic double bond is present attached to a terminal methylene
grouping, CH2=C<.
10 The additional monomeric materials which may be present in the polymers
include polyfunctional
vinylidene monomers containing at least two terminal CH2< groups, including
for example, butadiene,
isoprene, divinyl benzene, divinyl naphthlene, allyl acrylates, and the like.
These polymers are fully
described in U. S. Patent No. 2,798,053, to Brown, issued July 2, 1957, which
is incorporated herein by
reference in its entirety.
15 Examples of carboxylic acid copolymers useful in the present invention
include Carbomer 934,
Carbomer 941, Carbomer 950, Carbomer 951, Carbomer 954, Carbomer 980, Carbomer
981, Carbomer
1342, acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate cross polymer (available as Carbopol
934, Carbopol 941, Carbopol
950, Carbopol 951, Carbopol 954, Carbopol 980, Carbopol 981, Carbopol 1342,
and the Pemulen series,
respectively, from B. F. Goodrich).
20 Other carboxylic acid copolymers useful in the present invention include
sodium salts of acrylic
acid/acrylamide copolymers sold by the Hoechst Celanese Corporation under the
trademark of Hostaceren
PN73. Also included are the hydrogel polymers sold by Lipo Chemicals Inc.
under the trademark of
HYPAN hydrogels. These hydrogels consist of crystalline plicks of nitrates on
a C-C backbone with
various other pendant groups such as carboxyls, amides, and amidines. An
example would include
25 HYPAN SA 100 H, a polymer powder available from Lipo Chemical.
Neutralizing agents for use in neutralizing the acidic groups of these
polymers include those
previously described.
Cationic Surfactants
Cationic surfactants are typically categorized as non-lathering surfactants
but may be used in the
30 articles of the present invention provided they do not negatively impact
the desired benefits of the articles.
Nonlimiting examples of cationic surfactants useful herein are disclosed in
McCutcheon's,
Detergents and Emulsifiers, North American edition (1986), published by
allured Publishing Corporation;
and McCutcheon's, Functional Materials, North American Edition (1992); both of
which are incorporated
by reference herein in their entirety.
s~BSr~T~~~ s~~~f ~~u~.E ~y
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Nonlimiting examples of cationic surfactants useful herein include cationic
alkyl ammonium salts
such as those having the formula:
R1 R2 R3 R4 N+ X_
wherein R , is selected from an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 18
carbon atoms, or aromatic,
1
aryl or alkaryl groups having from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms; R , R ,
and R are independently
2 3 4
selected from hydrogen, an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 18 carbon
atoms, or aromatic, aryl or
alkaryl groups having from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms; and X is an
anion selected from chloride,
bromide, iodide, acetate, phosphate, nitrate, sulfate, methyl sulfate, ethyl
sulfate, tosylate, lactate, citrate,
glycolate, and mixtures thereof. Additionally, the alkyl groups can also
contain ether linkages, or hydroxy
or amino group substituents (e.g., the alkyl groups can contain polyethylene
glycol and polypropylene
glycol moieties).
More preferably, R1 is an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 18 carbon
atoms; R2 is
selected from H or an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 18 carbon
atoms; R3 and R4 are
independently selected from H or an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 3
carbon atoms; and X is as
described in the previous paragraph.
Most preferably, R1 is an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 18 carbon
atoms; R2, R3,
and R4 are selected from H or an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 3
carbon atoms; and X is as
described previously.
Alternatively, other useful cationic surfactants include amino-amides, wherein
in the above
structure R1 is alternatively R5C0-(CH2)n -, wherein R5 is an alkyl group
having from about 12 to about
22 carbon atoms, and n is an integer from about 2 to about 6, more preferably
from about 2 to about 4, and
most preferably from about 2 to about 3. Nonlimiting examples of these
cationic emulsifiers include
stearamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate, stearamidopropyl
ethyldimonium ethosulfate,
stearamidopropyl dimethyl (myristyl acetate) ammonium chloride,
stearamidopropyl dimethyl cetearyl
ammonium tosylate, stearamidopropyl dimethyl ammonium chloride,
stearamidopropyl dimethyl
ammonium lactate, and mixtures thereof.
Nonlimiting examples of quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactants include
those selected
from the group consisting of cetyl ammonium chloride, cetyl ammonium bromide,
lauryl ammonium
chloride, lauryl ammonium bromide, stearyl ammonium chloride, stearyl ammonium
bromide, cetyl
dimethyl ammonium chloride, cetyl dimethyl ammonium bromide, lauryl dimethyl
ammonium chloride,
lauryl dimethyl ammonium bromide, stearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, stearyl
dimethyl ammonium
bromide, cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide,
lauryl trimethyl
ammonium chloride, lauryl trimethyl ammonium bromide, stearyl trimethyl
ammonium chloride, stearyl
trimethyl ammonium bromide, lauryl dimethyl ammonium chloride, stearyl
dimethyl cetyl ditallow
dimethyl ammonium chloride, dicetyl ammonium chloride, dicetyl ammonium
bromide, dilauryl
S~BST4TUTE SHEET (RULE ~6~
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ammonium chloride, dilauryl ammonium bromide, distearyl ammonium chloride,
distearyl ammonium
bromide, dicetyl methyl ammonium chloride, dicetyl methyl ammonium bromide,
dilauryl methyl
ammonium chloride, dilauryl methyl ammonium bromide, distearyl methyl ammonium
chloride, distearyl
dimethyl ammonium chloride, distearyl methyl ammonium bromide, and mixtures
thereof. Additional
quaternary ammonium salts include those wherein the C12 to C22 alkyl carbon
chain is derived from a
tallow fatty acid or from a coconut fatty acid. The term "tallow" refers to an
alkyl group derived from
tallow fatty acids (usually hydrogenated tallow fatty acids), which generally
have mixtures of alkyl chains
in the C16 to C18 range. The term "coconut" refers to an alkyl group derived
from a coconut fatty acid,
which generally have mixtures of alkyl chains in the C12 to C14 range.
Examples of quaternary
ammonium salts derived from these tallow and coconut sources include ditallow
dimethyl ammonium
chloride, ditallow dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, di(hydrogenated tallow)
dimethyl ammonium
chloride, di(hydrogenated tallow) dimethyl ammonium acetate, ditallow dipropyl
ammonium phosphate,
ditallow dimethyl ammonium nitrate, di(coconutalkyl)dimethyl ammonium
chloride,
di(coconutalkyl)dimethyl ammonium bromide, tallow ammonium chloride, coconut
ammonium chloride,
stearamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate, stearamidopropyl
ethyldimonium ethosulfate,
stearamidopropyl dimethyl (myristyl acetate) ammonium chloride,
stearamidopropyl dimethyl cetearyl
ammonium tosylate, stearamidopropyl dimethyl ammonium chloride,
stearamidopropyl dimethyl
ammonium lactate, and mixtures thereof.
Preferred cationic surfactants useful herein include those selected from the
group consisting of
dilauryl dimethyl ammonium chloride, distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride,
dimyristyl dimethyl
ammonium chloride, dipalmityl dimethyl ammonium chloride, distearyl dimethyl
ammonium chloride, and
mixtures thereof.
Chelators
The articles of the present invention may also comprise a safe and effective
amount of a chelator
or chelating agent. As used herein, "chelator" or "chelating agent" means an
active agent capable of
removing a metal ion from a system by forming a complex so that the metal ion
cannot readily participate
in or catalyze chemical reactions. The inclusion of a chelating agent is
especially useful for providing
protection against UV radiation that can contribute to excessive scaling or
skin texture changes and against
other environmental agents, which can cause skin damage.
A safe and effective amount of a chelating agent may be added to the
compositions of the subject
invention, preferably from about 0.1% to about 10%, more preferably from about
1% to about 5%, of the
composition. Exemplary chelators that are useful herein are disclosed in U.S.
Patent No. 5,487,884, issued
1/30/96 to Bissett et al.; International Publication No. 91/16035, Bush et
al., published 10/31/95; and
International Publication No. 91/16034, Bush et al., published 10/31/95.
Preferred chelators useful in
compositions of the subject invention are furildioxime and derivatives
thereof.
Flavonoids
Sd~~S'~'IT~ITE SHEET ~~UIE 2~6~
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The articles of the present invention may optionally comprise a flavonoid
compound. Flavonoids
are broadly disclosed in U.S. Patents 5,686,082 and 5,686,367, both of which
are herein incorporated by
reference. Flavonoids suitable for use in the present invention are flavanones
selected from the group
consisting of unsubstituted flavanones, mono-substituted flavanones, and
mixtures thereof; chalcones
selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted chalcones, mono-
substituted chalcones, di-substituted
chalcones, tri-substituted chalcones, and mixtures thereof; flavones selected
from the group consisting of
unsubstituted flavones, mono-substituted flavones, di-substituted flavones,
and mixtures thereof; one or
more isoflavones; coumarins selected from the group consisting of
unsubstituted coumarins, mono-
substituted coumarins, di-substituted coumarins, and mixtures thereof;
chromones selected from the group
consisting of unsubstituted chromones, mono-substituted chromones, di-
substituted chromones, and
mixtures thereof; one or more dicoumarols; one or more chromanones; one or
more chromanols; isomers
(e.g., cis/trans isomers) thereof; and mixtures thereof. By the term
"substituted" as used herein means
flavonoids wherein one or more hydrogen atom of the flavonoid has been
independently replaced with
hydroxyl, C1-C8 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxyl, O-glycoside, and the like or a mixture
of these substituents.
I S Examples of suitable flavonoids include, but are not limited to,
unsubstituted flavanone, mono-
hydroxy flavanones (e.g., 2'-hydroxy flavanone, 6-hydroxy flavanone, 7-hydroxy
flavanone, etc.), mono-
alkoxy flavanones (e.g., 5-methoxy flavanone, 6-methoxy flavanone, 7-methoxy
flavanone, 4'-methoxy
flavanone, etc.), unsubstituted chalcone (especially unsubstituted trans-
chalcone), mono-hydroxy chalcones
(e.g., 2'-hydroxy chalcone, 4'-hydroxy chalcone, etc.), di-hydroxy chalcones
(e.g., 2', 4-dihydroxy
chalcone, 2',4'-dihydroxy chalcone, 2,2'-dihydroxy chalcone, 2',3-dihydroxy
chalcone, 2',5'-dihydroxy
chalcone, etc.), and tri-hydroxy chalcones (e.g., 2',3',4'-trihydroxy
chalcone, 4,2',4'-trihydroxy chalcone,
2,2',4'-trihydroxy chalcone, etc.), unsubstituted flavone, 7,2'-dihydroxy
flavone, 3',4'-dihydroxy
naphthoflavone, 4'-hydroxy flavone, 5,6-benzoflavone, and 7,8-benzoflavone,
unsubstituted isoflavone,
daidzein (7,4'-dihydroxy isoflavone), 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy isoflavone, soy
isoflavones (a mixture
extracted from soy), unsubstituted coumarin, 4-hydroxy coumarin, 7-hydroxy
coumarin, 6-hydroxy-4-
methyl coumarin, unsubstituted chromone, 3-formyl chromone, 3-formyl-6-
isopropyl chromone,
unsubstituted dicoumarol, unsubstituted chromanone, unsubstituted chromanol,
and mixtures thereof.
Preferred for use herein are unsubstituted flavanone, methoxy flavanones,
unsubstituted chalcone,
2', 4-dihydroxy chalcone, and mixtures thereof. Most preferred are
unsubstituted flavanone, unsubstituted
chalcone (especially the trans isomer), and mixtures thereof.
They can be synthetic materials or obtained as extracts from natural sources
(e.g., plants). The
naturally sourced material can also further be derivatized (e.g., a glycoside,
an ester or an ether derivative
prepared following extraction from a natural source). Flavonoid compounds
useful herein are
commercially available from a number of sources, e.g., Indofine Chemical
Company, Inc. (Somerville,
New Jersey), Steraloids, Inc. (Wilton, New Hampshire), and Aldrich Chemical
Company, Inc. (Milwaukee,
Wisconsin).
Mixtures of the above flavonoid compounds may also be used.
5~~~~l~rUT~~ SHEET tRUl.E ~G~
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The herein described flavonoid compounds are preferably present in the instant
invention at
concentrations of from about 0.01 % to about 20%, more preferably from about
0.1 % to about 10%, and
most preferably from about 0.5% to about 5%.
Sterols
The articles of the present invention may comprise a safe and effective amount
of one or more
sterol compounds. Examples of useful sterol compounds include sitosterol,
stigmasterol, campesterol,
brassicasterol, lanosterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol, and mixtures thereof. These
can be synthetic in origin or
from natural sources, e.g., blends extracted from plant sources (e.g.,
phytosterols).
Anti-Cellulite Agents
The articles of the present invention may also comprise a safe and effective
amount of an anti-
cellulite agent. Suitable agents may include, but are not limited to, xanthine
compounds (e.g., caffeine,
theophylline, theobromine, and aminophylline).
Skin Li ht~g Agents
The articles of the present invention may comprise a skin lightening agent.
When used, the compositions
preferably comprise from about 0.1 % to about 10%, more preferably from about
0.2% to about 5%, also
preferably from about 0.5% to about 2%, by weight of the composition, of a
skin lightening agent. Suitable
skin lightening agents include those known in the art, including kojic acid,
arbutin, ascorbic acid and
derivatives thereof, e.g., magnesium ascorbyl phosphate or sodium ascorbyl
phosphate or other salts of
ascorbyl phosphate. Skin lightening agents suitable for use herein also
include those described in
copending patent application Serial No. 08/479,935, filed on June 7, 1995 in
the name of Hillebrand,
corresponding to PCT Application No. U.S. 95/07432, filed 6/12/95; and
copending patent application
Serial No. 08/390,152, filed on February 24, 1995 in the names of Kalla L.
Kvalnes, Mitchell A. DeLong,
Barton J. Bradbury, Curtis B. Motley, and John D. Carter, corresponding to PCT
Application No. U.S.
95/02809, filed 3/1/95, published 9/8/95.
Binders
The articles of the present invention may optionally comprise binders. Binders
or binding
materials are useful for sealing the various layers of the present articles to
one another thereby maintaining
the integrity of the article. The binders may be in a variety of forms
including, but not limited to, spray on,
webs, separate layers, binding' fibers, etc. Suitable binders may comprise
latexes, polyamides, polyesters,
polyolefins and combinations thereof.
Additional Lad
In another embodiment, the article of the present invention may comprise one
or more additional
layers which one having ordinary skill in the art would recognize as separate
and distinct from the first and
second layers yet which are attached to the first and second layers at some
point. The additional layers are
suitable for enhancing the overall grippability of the side of the article
closest to the hand or other means
for exerting mechanical action on the surface to be cleansed and/or
therapeutically treated. Also, the
additional layers are suitable for enhancing the soft feel of the side of the
article which contacts the area to
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be cleansed and/or therapeutically treated. In any instance, these additional
layers may also be referred to
as consecutively numbered layers in addition to the two essential layers of
the articles of the present
invention, e.g., third layer, fourth layer, etc..
Suitable additional layers may be macroscopically expanded. As used herein,
"macroscopically
5 expanded, refers to webs, ribbons, and films which have been caused to
conform to the surface of a three-
dimensional forming structure so that both surfaces thereof exhibit a three-
dimensional forming pattern of
surface aberrations corresponding to the macroscopic cross-section of the
forming structure, wherein the
surface aberrations comprising the pattern are individually discernible to the
normal naked eye (i.e., normal
naked eye having 20/20 vision) when the perpendicular distance between the
viewer's eye and the plane of
10 the web is about 12 inches.
As used herein, "embossed" it is meant that the forming structure of the
material exhibits a pattern
comprised primarily of male projections. On the other hand, "debossed" refers
to when the forming
structure of the material exhibits a pattern comprised primarily of female
capillary networks.
Preferred macroscopically expanded films comprise formed films which are
structural elastic-like
15 films. These films are described in U. S. Patent No. 5,554,145, issued
September 10, 1996, to Roe et al.,
which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
Materials suitable for use in the additional layer having a thickness of at
least one millimeter
include, but are not limited to, those web materials disclosed in U. S. Patent
No. 5,518,801, issued to
Chappell et al. on May 21, 1996, which is incorporated by reference herein in
its entirety.
20 METHODS OF MANUFACTURE
The personal care articles of the present invention are manufactured by adding
the cleansing
component and therapeutic benefit component (when applicable) to the
appropriate sheet of the nonwoven
first layer via a conventional method which may include, but is not limited
to, sprinkling, dip coating,
spraying, slot coating, and roll transfer (e.g., pressure roll or kiss roll).
The sheet of the remaining layer is
25 then placed on the sheet of the first layer, preferably, but not always,
over the cleansing component and
therapeutic benefit component (when applicable). The sheets are sealed
together by a conventional sealing
method which may include, but is not limited to, heat, pressure, glue,
ultrasound, etc. Heat sealing devices
vary in design, and where a seal may not be able to be effected an interposing
layer of a low-melting heat-
sealable fibrous web such as the polyamide fibrous web known as Wonder Under
(manufactured by Pellon,
30 available from H. Levinson & Co., Chicago, IL) may be used between layers
for this and other examples
without changing the effect or utility of the articles. The sealed sheets are
then partitioned into units for the
consumer's use. Optional manufacturing steps may include calendaring to
flatten the article, drying,
creping, shrinking, stretching, or otherwise mechanically deforming.
METHODS OF CLEANSING AND DELIVERING A THERAPEUTIC OR AESTHETIC BENEFIT
35 AGENT TO THE SKIN OR HAIR
The present invention also relates to a method of cleansing the skin or hair
with a personal care
article of the present invention. These methods comprise the steps of: a)
wetting with water a substantially
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 2~)
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dry, disposable personal care article comprising a mufti-layer, water
insoluble substrate comprising a
nonwoven first layer, and a second layer which is disposed adjacent to said
first layer; and a cleansing
component disposed adjacent to said first and second layers, wherein said
component comprises from about
10% to about 1000%, by weight of the water insoluble substrate, of a lathering
surfactant and wherein said
article exhibits a Dynamic Surface Tension Value of less than about 54 dynes/
cmz in beaker 1 and greater
than about 60 dynes/ cm2 in beaker 5 and b) contacting the skin or hair with
the wetted article.
The invention also relates to a method of cleansing the skin and hair, said
method comprising the
steps of:
a) wetting a substantially dry, disposable personal care article comprising:
1) a water insoluble substrate comprising:
a) a nonwoven first layer;
b) a second layer which is disposed adjacent to said first layer;
2) a cleansing component disposed adjacent to said first and second layers,
wherein said
component comprises from about 10% to about 1000%, by weight of the water
insoluble
substrate, of a lathering surfactant;
wherein said article exhibits a Flash Lather Volume of from about 500 ml to
about 3500 ml; and
b) contacting the skin or hair with the wetted article.
The present invention also relates to a method of cleansing the skin and hair,
said method
comprising the steps of:
a) wetting a substantially dry, disposable personal care article comprising:
1 ) a water insoluble substrate comprising:
a) a nonwoven first layer;
b) a second layer which is disposed adjacent to said first layer;
2) a cleansing component disposed adjacent to said first and second layers,
wherein said
component comprises from about 10% to about 1000%, by weight of the water
insoluble
substrate, of a lathering surfactant;
wherein said article a Latherability of from about 500 ml to about 7000 ml;
and
b) contacting the skin or hair with the wetted article.
The invention further relates to a method of cleansing the skin and hair, said
method comprising
the steps of:
a) wetting a substantially dry, disposable personal care article comprising:
1 ) a water insoluble substrate comprising:
a) a nonwoven first layer;
b) a second layer which is disposed adjacent to said first layer;
2) a cleansing component disposed adjacent to said first and second layers,
wherein said
component comprises from about 10% to about 1000%, by weight of the water
insoluble
substrate, of a lathering surfactant;
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wherein said article a Surfactant Dissolution Extent of greater than about 30
ml in beaker l,
greater than about 30 ml in beaker 4 and less than about 90 ml in beaker 8;
and
b) contacting the skin or hair with the wetted article.
The present invention further relates to a method of cleansing the skin and
hair, said method
comprising the steps of:
a) wetting a substantially dry, disposable personal care article comprising:
1) a water insoluble substrate comprising:
a) a nonwoven first layer;
b) a second layer which is disposed adjacent to said first layer;
2) a cleansing component disposed adjacent to said first and second layers,
wherein said
component comprises from about 10% to about 1000%, by weight of the water
insoluble
substrate, of a lathering surfactant;
wherein said article a Lather Dissipation Time of from about 5 sec to about 62
sec; and
b) contacting the skin or hair with the wetted article.
Additional methods comprise similar steps utilizing articles which exhibit the
remaining physical
properties disclosed herein which are preferred.
In another embodiment, the present invention is useful for delivering a
therapeutic benefit
component to the area in need of treatment (e.g., skin, hair, etc.) wherein
the method comprises the
additional steps of: A) wetting with water any one of the above discussed
articles which further comprise a
therapeutic benefit component that is disposed adjacent to said water
insoluble substrate, wherein said
benefit component comprises from about 10% to about 1000%, by weight of the
water insoluble substrate,
of a therapeutic benefit agent; and B) contacting the skin or hair with the
wetted article.
The articles of the present invention are water-activated and are therefore
intended to be wetted
with water prior to use. As used herein, "water-activated" means that the
present invention is presented to
the consumer in dry form to be used after wetting with water. It is found that
when the articles of the
present invention include a lathering surfactant they produce a lather or are
"activated" upon contact with
water and further agitation. Accordingly, the article is wetted by immersion
in water or by placing it under
a stream of water. When the articles of the present invention comprise a
lathering surfactant in the
cleansing component, lather may be generated from the article by mechanically
agitating and/or deforming
the article either prior to or during contact of the article with the skin or
hair. The resulting lather is useful
for cleansing the skin or hair. During the cleansing process and subsequent
rinsing with water, any
therapeutic or aesthetic benefit agents are deposited onto the skin or hair.
Deposition of the therapeutic or
aesthetic benefit agents are enhanced by the physical contact of the substrate
with the skin or hair as well
by the inclusion of one or more deposition aids.
EXAM PLES
The following examples further describe and demonstrate embodiments within the
scope of the
present invention. In the following examples, all ingredients are listed at an
active level. The examples are
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53
given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as
limitations of the present
invention, as many variations thereof are possible without departing from the
spirit and scope of the
invention.
Ingredients are identified by chemical or CTFA name.
I. Cleansing Components
Example 1
Prepare a representative cleansing component for the articles of the present
invention in the
following manner.
Shave a 53.0 gms of a bar soap which includes the following components:
Component Wt %
Sodium Cocyl Isethionate 27.77
Paraffin 16.72
Sodium Alkyl Glycerol Sulfonate 14.90
(AGS)
Soaps 11.41
Glycerine 8.57
Water 5.50
Stearic Acid 5.74
Sodium Isethionate 3.04
NaCI 1.41
EDTA 0.10
Etidronic Acid 0.10
Polyox 0.03
Perfume 0.70
Miscellaneous (including pigments)4.01
Total 100
Mix the bar soap shavings with 37.0 gms glycerin (99.7%), 9.5 gms water, and
0.5 gms perfume.
Heat mixture to 200 °F while stirring continuously. Cold-mill mixture
on a standard 3-roll mill and store
cleansing component in a suitable sealed container.
Example 2
Prepare a representative cleansing component for the articles of the present
invention in the
following manner.
Shave 40.0 gms of a bar soap which includes the following components:
Component Wt
Sodium Soap 52.40
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Sodium Alkyl Glycerol Sulfonate16.50
(AGS)
Magnesium Soap 13.40
Glycerine 0.19
Water 5.50
Stearic Acid 1.60
Sodium Isethionate 3.00
NaCI 3.89
EDTA 0.10
Etidronic Acid 0.10
Perfume 0.70
Miscellaneous (including pigments)2.62
Total 100
Mix the bar soap shavings with 45.0 gms glycerin (99.7%), 4.5 gms water, and
0.5 gms perfume.
Heat mixture to 200°F while stirring continuously. Cold-mill mixture on
a standard 3-roll mill and store
cleansing component in a suitable sealed container.
Example 3
A representative powdery cleansing component for the articles of the present
invention is prepared
in the following manner.
Shave 40.0 gms of a bar soap which includes the following components:
Component Wt
Soap (Magnesium and Sodium) 80.16
Water 11.50
Stearic Acid 5.70
NaCI 1.10
EDTA 0.25
Perfume 1.15
Miscellaneous (including pigments)0.14
Total 100
Store the bar soap flakes in a suitable sealed container.
Example 4
A representative powdery cleansing component for the articles of the present
invention is prepared
in the following manner.
Shave 40.0 gms of a bar soap which includes the following components:
Component Wt
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Soap (Magnesium and Sodium) 80.16
Water 11.50
Stearic Acid 5.70
NaCI I.10
EDTA 0.25
Perfume 1.15
Miscellaneous (including pigments)0.14
Total 100
Blend the bar soap flakes with sodium bicarbonate in a 90:10 weight ratio.
Mill the mixture twice
in a standard 3-roll mill. Collect the flakes and store in a suitable sealed
container.
5 Examele 5
Prepare a representative cleansing component for the articles of the present
invention in the
following manner. Blend the cleansing component of Example 2 with 0.1% by
weight of the bar soap
flakes of a protease enzyme. Next, blend the resultant mixture with 2% by
weight of the cleansing
component of a dry hydrocolloid, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and mill.
Store the enzyme cleansing
10 component in a suitable sealed container.
Example 6
Prepare a representative liquid cleansing component which includes the
following components.
Component Wt%
Sodium coconut alkyl glyceryl 7.2
sulfonate (AGS)
Ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS) 10.4
Alkyl laureth sulfate (AE3S) 10.4
Polyethylene oxide) (PolyOx WSR 0.5
N-3000, Union
Carbide)
Xanthan gum 1.4
Water 70.1
Example 7
Prepare a representative cleansing component for the articles of the present
invention in the
following manner. Heat 3 lbs of soap shavings of Example 2 with'/4 cup of
isopropyl alcohol (99%) until
the soap is melted. When the soap has melted, add the remaining alcohol. Add
10 oz. table sugar dissolved
in as little water as possible. Blend about 4 tsp. of a dye into 8 oz.
glycerin. Add the glycerin (99.7%).
Stir. Continue to heat until consistency changes from a thin liquid to rope-
like ribbons falling off the
SdJSST~TUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
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56
stirring implement and an aliquot of material hardens when dropped on a cold
surface. Pour the mixture
into a suitable container to harden. The mixture has the advantage of being
remeltable upon heating which
allows easy processing to prepare articles.
Example 8
Prepare a representative tear-free liquid cleansing component which includes
the following
components.
Component Wt%
Cocamido propyl betaine 17.1
Sodium trideceth sulfate 8.3
POE 100 sorbitan monooleate 7.5
Misc. (including perfume, preservative, 2.0
dye)
Water 65.1
Distinguishing characteristics of this composition are its non-irritating
properties to skin and eyes.
Example 9
Prepare a representative liquid cleansing component which includes the
following components.
Component Wt%
Polyquaternium 10 0.50
Sodium Lauroamphoacetate 5.4
Sodium Laureth 3 Sulfate 11.6
Disodium EDTA 0.20
Sodium citrate dihydrate 0.50
Citric acid, anhydrous 1.0
PEG-6 caprylic/capric glycerides 2.0
Cocamide MEA 2.0
Glycerin 3.5
MgS04-7H20 (Epsom salts) 1.5
Maleated Soybean Oil 2.5
Deodorized Soybean Oil 5.0
Misc. (including perfume, caustic,1.5
colorant)
Water 62.8
The mixture is mild for use on sensitive skin.
s~~s ~ ~~r ~v sH~~r ~RU~.E ~s~
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57
Example 10
Prepare a representative liquid cleansing component which includes the
following components.
Component Wt%
Polyquaterni um-10 0.1
Sodium sulfate 1.5
Lauryl alcohol 0.3
Sodium laureth sulfate 5.8
Citric acid, anhydrous 0.2
Cocamidopropyl betaine 15.5
Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate 1.5
Misc. (including perfume, blue 1.0
colorant)
Water 74.1
Example 11
Prepare a representative cleansing component which includes the following
components.
Component Wt%
Decylpolyglucose 12.0
Cocamidopropyl betaine 12.0
Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate 12.0
Butylene glycol 3.6
PEG 14M 1.8
Polyquaternium-10 0.9
Dex panthenol 0.7
Phenoxyethanol 0.5
Benzyl alcohol 0.5
Methylparaben 0.45
Propylparaben 0.25
Disodium EDTA 0.2
Water 55.1
Example 12
Prepare a representative cleansing component which includes the following
components.
Component Wt%
SdJRST~TUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
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EGDS 3.1
Cocamidopropyl betaine 4.0
TEA soap (Molecular Weight about 9.5
330)
Monoalkyl phosphate 15.0
Cocamine oxide 7.5
1,2-propanediol 1.0
Ethanol 3.0
Miscellaneous (perfume, colorant,8.9
preservative)
Water 48.0
Heat the mixture to 50 degrees Celsius, stirring continuously, until the
mixture has lost 38% of its
original weight, and it has a paste-like consistency. The cleansing component
advantageously is easy to
process with substrate layers and requires no further drying.
Example 13
Prepare a representative cleansing component which includes the following
components.
Component Wt%
SEFA* Cottonate 57.5
Citric acid 0.30
Cocamidopropyl betaine 3.5
Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate 10.7
Ethylene vinyl acetate polymer 8.0
(Elvax 40W)
Silicone polymer microbeads (Tospearly20.0
145A)
*SEFA is an acronym for sucrose esters of fatty acids
Melt the ethylene vinyl acetate polymer into the SEFA cottonate at 90 degrees
Celsius and high
shear mix. Add the surfactant powders and citric acid and mix. Add the
silicone polymer microbeads, mix,
and cool to set. The composition is remeltable and easy impregnates into or
coat onto cloths.
Exam 1p a 14
Prepare a representative cleansing component which includes the following
components.
Component Wt%
Sodium laureth-10 carboxylate 50.0
(Empicol CBSS*)
C12-14, 12E0 Alcohol Ethoxylate 50.0
(Empilan KB12*)
*available from Albright & Wilson
SU~~T~ i~~UTE SHEET (RULE ~6)
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Melt the alcohol ethoxylate, blend in the carboxylate until homogeneous, cool
to solidify until
ready for use. The composition is remeltable and easy impregnate into or coat
onto cloths.
Example 15
Prepare a representative cleansing component which includes the following
components.
Component Wt%
Monosodium lauroyl glutamate 22.0
Cocamidopropyl betaine 2.0
Sodium chloride 1.0
Glycerin 2.5
Water 72. S
Heat the components together with gentle stirring until homogeneous.
Example 16
l0 Prepare a representative cleansing component which includes the following
components.
Component Wt%
Triethanolamine 2.9
Polyquaternium-39 0.1
Monolauryl phosphate 4.0
C12-C14N-methyl Glucose amide' S.0
Cocamidopropylhydroxysultainez 2.0
Sodium decyl sulfate 0.5
Citric acid monohydrate 0.3
Perfume, Preservatives & misc. 4.0
Water 8 I .2
' Available from Hoechst Celanese
Z Available from Rhone Poulenc
Add ingredients slowly in the following order at 60°C until each is
dissolved in the water: TEA,
lauryl phosphate, glucose amide. Cool to 45°C and add sultaine,
polyquaternium-39 and sulfate, stirring as
before. Add perfume, preservatives and cool to room temperature.
Exa~le 17
Prepare a representative cleansing component by mixing the following
components.
StlSSTITUTE SHEET (RULE ~6~
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Component Wt%
Lauroyl polyglucose' 20.0
Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide 4.0
Perfume, Preservatives & 4.0
misc.
Water 72.0
' Available as Plantaren 1200 from Henkel
II. Therapeutic Benefit Components
Examples 18-22
Prepare a representative skin conditioning component by mixing the following
components.
Component Example Example Example Example Example
18 19 20 21 22
SEFA* Cottonate48.0 75.0 33.5 40.0 80.0
SEFA* Behenate12.0 25.0 8.4 10.0 10.0
Petrolatum 10.0 - 7.0 -
Glyceryl 5.0 - 3.5 - -
Tribehenate
Stearyl Alcohol- - - 5.0 ~ -
Paraffin - - - 15.0 -
Cholesterol 25.0 - 17.5 -
Ester
Ozokerite - - - - 10.0
Wax
Glycerin - - 28.0 - -
Triglyceryl - - 1.9 - -
monostearate
Decaglyceryl- - 0.2 - -
dipalmitate
Nonylphenol - - - 30.0 -
polyglycine
ether'
*SEFA is an acronym for sucrose esters of fatty acids
'Hamplex TNP, Hampshire Chemical Co.
10 Examples 23-27
Prepare a representative skin conditioning component by mixing the following
components.
Component Example Example Example Example Example
23 24 25 26 27
Petrolatum 35.87 35.87 - - 34.0
(white)
Mineral oil 11.0 13.0 - - 10.0
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE ~)
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Jojoba oil - - - 4.5
Castor oil 10.0 9.0 - -
Cocoa butter 5.0
Diisostearyl 20.0 20.0 - -
trimethylpopane
siloxy
silicate
Polydimethylsiloxane,- - 0.7 1.5
500 cSt fluid
Decamethylcyclopenta- - - 16.5
siloxane
Octamethylcyclotetra- - - 10.0
siloxane
Polydimethylsiloxane,- - 5.9 7.5
gum
Stearyl methicone- - - 3.0
wax
Polybutene - - - 4.5
Candelilla 4.6 4.6 - - 6.0
wax
Paraffin wax - - - 15.0 2.0
Microcrystalline- - - 6.0 4.0
wax
Beeswax 3.0 3.0 - - 4.0
Ozokerite wax 6.0 6.0 - -
Carnauba wax 3.0 3.0 - -
Hydrogenated 0.50 0.50 4.0 -
castor
oil
Silica - - - 4.5
Sodium magnesium- - - 1.5
silicate
Tocopherol 0.03 0.03 - -
Cyclomethicone- - 59.0 -
Stearyl alcohol- - 25.5 - 9.0
Cetyl alcohol 9.0
Glyceryl stearate- - 2.6 -
Acetylated 15.0
monoglyceride
Diisostearyl - - - 6.0
maleate~
Glyceryl distearate- - - 9.5
51~R~~i~~~~U~~E SHEET (RULE 2~fi)
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Glycerin - - - 6.0
Water - - - 3.0
Nonylphenol - - ~ 5.0
polyglycine
etherZ
Micronized titanium 5.0 - -
dioxide
Octyl , 5.0 - - -
methoxycinnamate
Fragrance & 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0
misc.
' Available as Myvacet 7-07, about half acetylated, from Eastman Chemical Co.
Z Available as Hamplex TNP, Hampshire Chemical Co.
Example 28
Prepare a representative skin conditioning component by mixing the following
components.
Component Example
28
Polydecene' 53.3
Stearyl Alcohol 7.7
12-Hydroxystearic 13.5
acid
Nonylphenol polyglycine25.0
ether
Octyl methoxycinnamate1.5
'Puresyn 3000, Mobil Chemical Co.
Examples 29-31
Prepare a representative skin conditioning component by mixing the following
components.
Component Example Example Example
29 30 31
Glycerin 95.0 95.0 94.0
Decaglyceryl dipalmitate'S.0 1.0 5.0
Deceglyceryl dibehenate 4.0
Tribehenin 1.0
' Available as Polyaldo 10-2-P from Lonza
Examples 32-36
Prepare a representative conditioning component for the articles of the
present invention in the following
1 S manner.
SdJRST~TUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
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Component Example Example Example Example Example
32 33 34 35 36
Hydrophobic
Phase:
SEFA* cottonate4.65 4.65 15.5 15.5
SEFA* behenate0.35 0.35 8.0 8.0
Tribehenin 6.0 6.0
Petrolatum 4.0 4.0 4.4
Cocoa butter 15.5
C10-C30 13.0 13.0
Cholesterol/Lanosterol
esters
C30-C45
alkylmethicone~
Polyglyceryl-45.0 5.0
isostearate
(and) Cetyl
dimethicone
(and)
Hexyl Iaurate2
PEG 30 3.0
dipolyhydroxystearate
3
Tetraglyceryl 2.1
monostearate
Decaglyceryl 0.90
dipalmitate
Ceresin wax 5.5
Beeswax 7.0
Lecithin, purified 10.0
1-Monostearin 10.0
Hydrophilic
Phase:
Glycerin 70.0 66.5 42.30 42.30 40.0
Water 3.5 5.0
PVM/MA decadiene 0.25 0.25
crosspolymer
Sodium hydroxide 0.25 0.25
( 10% solution)
Gelatin 2.6
Active skin
care
St~R~li i~U~~ SHEE'T (RULE 26j
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64
ingredients:
Panthenol 20.0 10.0 2.50
Nicotinamide 5.0 2.50 3.0
Urea 5.0 2.50 2.50
Allantoin 0.20 0.20
Acetamidopropyl 2.0
trimonium chloride
* SEFA is an acronym for sucrose esters of fatty acids
~ Available as AMS-C30 from Dow Corning
z Available as Abil WE-09 from Goldschmidt
3 Available as Arlacel P135 from ICI
4 Available as Stabileze 06 from ISP
Process for all emulsions:
Heat the hydrophobic phase to 70°C, add the hydrophobic active skin
care ingredients, and stir
until homogenous. Premix the hydrophilic phase ingredients with the
hydrophilic active skin care
ingredients, heating gently if necessary to dissolve or disperse them. Add
these slowly to the hydrophobic
phase, continuing to stir. Homogenize (high shear mixer; ultrasonic
homogenizes; or high pressure
homogenizes such as Microfluidizer from Microfluidics Corp.). Apply
immediately to substrate surface or
cool rapidly to below room temperature in ice or ice water. Store in
controlled environment, under nitrogen
if needed for chemical stability.
Examples 37-41
Prepare a representative conditioning component as described in Examples 32-36
using the following
ingredients.
Component Example Example Example Example Example
37 38 39 40 41
Hydrophobic
Phase:
SEFA* cottonate 15.0 16.0
SEFA* behenate 7.5 4.0
Tribehenin 6.0
Petrolatum 4.0 4.0 4.4
Cocoa butter 15.5
Polydecene~ 50.0 46.5
C10-C30 13.0 10.5
Cholesterol/
Lanosterol
esters
SdJRST~TUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
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PEG 30 3.0 3.0
dipolyhydroxy-
stearate
Ceresin wax 5.5
Beeswax 7.0
Aluminum/ 7.5
magnesium
hydroxystearate
in
mineral oilz
C30-38 2.5
Olefin/isopropyl
maleate
copolymer
Polyethylene 1.0
wax4
Lecithin, 10.0
purified
Fragrance 1.0
and
misc.
1-Monostearin 10.0
Hydrophilic
Phase:
Glycerin 30.0 25.0 34.80 20.0 38.0
Water 8.0 8.0 5.0
PEG 2000 17.0
PVM/MA 0.25
decadiene
crosspolymer
Sodium hydroxide 0.25
(10% solution)
Gelatin 9.50 9.50 2.6
Active skin
care
ingredients:
Nicotinamide 2.50
Menthol in 2.50
50%
beta cyclodextrin
Ascorbic 2.50
acid
(natural)
Tocopherol 1.00 2.50
SdJRST~TUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
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(natural)
Sorbitol 2.50
Lactic acid 2.5
Urea 2.50
Allantoin 0.20
Triclosan 1.50
Chlorhexidine 0.50
Benzoyl peroxide 5.0
15% Salicylic 12.0
acid
in PPG 14
butyl
ether
Salicylic 2.5
acid
Available as Puresyn 3000 from Mobil
2 Available as Gilugel Min from Giulini Chemie
3 Available as Performa 1608 from New Phase Technologies
4 Available as Performalene 400 from New Phase Technologies
Examples 42-46
Prepare a representative conditioning component as described in Examples 32-36
using the following
ingredients.
Component Example Example Example Example Example
42 43 44 45 46
Hydrophobic
Phase:
SEFA* cottonate20.5 15.5 16.0
Mineral oil 7.50
SEFA* behenate8.0 8.0 8.0
Tribehenin 9.5 6.0 6.0
Petrolatum 4.0 4.0 22.6 3.0 4.0
(white or
superwhite)
Candelilla 4.50
wax
Paraffin wax 3.00 14.0
Microcrystalline 1.50
wax
Beeswax 3.00
C10-C30 18.0 13.0 13.0
Cholesterol/Lanoster
SdJRST~TUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
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of esters
Laurylmethicone 5.0
copolyol ~
Acetylated I 1.3
monoglyceride2
Stearyl alcohol 6.8
Cetyl alcohol 6.8
Stearic acid
PEG 30 4.5 3.0
dipolyhydroxy-
stearate
Decaglyceryl 0.90
dipalmitate'
Tetraglyceryl 2.10
monostearate
Fragrance, 1.0 3.0 2.0
mist.
Hydrophilic
Phase:
Glycerin 22.8 27.5 25.0 38.0 41.0
Decaglyceryl 2.5
dipalmitate3
Calcium silicate 15.0
microspheres4
Active skin
care
ingredients:
Guar hydroxypropyl-1.00
trimonium
chloride
Chitosan glycolate 2.50
Nicotinamide 1.50 2.50 2.50
0.2% Carbopol 38.0
940
aqueous solution,
pH
6.0
Retinol 2.50
Phytantriols 1.00
Urea 2.50 3.0 2.50
Vitamin C 2.50
Borage oil 2.50
S~~~T~~~~~ ~~~~~' (~t~~.~ ~fi)
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Ascorbyl palmitate 1.50
Acetamidopropyl2.50
trimonium chlorideG
~ Available as Dow Q2-5200, Dow Corning
z Available as Myvacet 7-07, about half acetylated, from Eastman Chemical Co.
3 Available as Polyaldo 10-2-P from Lonza
4 Available as Celite C from Celite Co.
Available as Hydagen CMF from Henkel
~ Available as Incromectant AQ from Croda
Example 43: Glycerin incorporated into microspheres, then blended into molten
lipid phase and cooled for
storage or applied to substrate.
Examples 47-52
Prepare a representative conditioning component as described in Examples 32-36
using the following
ingredients.
Component ExampleExample Example Example Example Example
47 48 49 50 51 52
Hydrophobic
Phase:
SEFA* cottonate16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0
Mineral oil
SEFA* behenate 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0
Tribehenin 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
Petrolatum 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0
(white or
superwhite)
C10-C30 13.0 13.0 13.0 13.0 13.0 13.0
Cholesterol/
Lanosterol
esters
Stearyl 2.0
dimethicone
Dimethicone 4.0
hydroxystearate
Dimethicone 2.0
SUBSTITUTE SHEET RULE ~)
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69
copolyol
behenate
PEG 30 3.00 3.00
dipolyhydroxy
stearate
Sodium lauroyl 2.00
glutamate
Sodium stearoyl 2.00
lactylate
Calcium 5.0
stearate
Decaglyceryl0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90
dipalmitate
Tetraglyceryl2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10
monostearate ~
Fragrance, 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
mist.
Hydrophilic
Phase:
Glycerin 44.5 42.5 35.5 35.5 25.0 43.0
75% 4.50 4.50
Polyethylene
-imine~
in water,
pH 6.5
Water 2.0
Decaglyceryl 2.50 2.50
dipalmitate
Fumed silica 20.0
Propylene 2.0
glycol
alginatez
Active skin
care
ingredients:
Nicotinamide 2.00 2.00
Chitosan 1.50
Green tea 4.50
extract
Aloe vera 3.0
gel
Vitamin 2.50
C
Ascorbyl 2.00 2.50
SUBSTITUTE SHEET ERULE 2~~
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palmitate
Acetamidopropyl 2.00 2.00
trimonium
chloride
' Available as Epomin SP-018 from Nippon Shokubai Co.
Z Available as Kelcoloid HVF from Kelco
Examples 53-55
5 Prepare a representative conditioning component for the articles of the
present invention in the following
manner.
Component Example Example Example
53 54 55
Hydrophobic Phase:
Lecithin, purified 15.4 10.3 10.8
Decane 28.6 19.2 15.0
Mineral Oil 5.0
Tricontanyl PVPZ 26.0
Stearyl alcohol 13.0
12-hydroxystearic 19.4
acid
Hydrophilic Phase:
Glycerin 28.0 18.8 19.6
Propylene glycol 28.0 18.8 19.6
Active skin care
ingredients:
Triclosan 0.20
Salicylic acid 0.40
Nicotinamide 4.0
' Available as Epikuron 200 from Lucas Meyer
2 Available as Ganex WP-660 from ISP
10 Stir all ingredients together until microemulsion forms. Add skin care
ingredients first to the
phase which most closely matches their solubility parameter. When adding
waxes, heat slowly just to the
wax melting point, disperse by stirring, and add to substrate or cool to room
temperature and store.
Examples 56-58
15 Prepare a representative conditioning component for the articles of the
present invention in the following
manner.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 2~)
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Component Example Example Example
56 57 58
Hydrophobic Phase:
Isohexadecane 42.29 43.0 28.3
Sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinatez10.62 7.0 7.1
Hydrophilic Phase:
Glycerin 35.17 19.0 23.6
Water 11.72 19.0 7.8
Carnauba wax 29.0
Gelatin 6.0
Active skin care
ingredients:
Triclosan 0.20
Titanium dioxide, 4.2
cosmetic
Titanium dioxide, 4.2
micronized
Salicylic acid 1.8
' Available as Epikuron 200 from Lucas Meyer
z Available as Aerosol OT from Pfaltz and Bauer
Add skin care ingredients first to the phase which most closely matches their
solubility parameter.
Then, stir all ingredients together until microemulsion forms. Coat onto
substrate surface.
Examples 59-64
Prepare a representative conditioning component for the articles of the
present invention in the following
manner.
Part A Example ExampleExample ExampleExample Example
59 60 61 62 63 64
Sodium 15.0 6.51 6.20 5.9
lauroyl
ether
sulfate
ISLES,
add as
27%
active)
Cocamido- 13.5 5.85 5.57 5.82 5.19 5.3
propyl
betaine'
Sodium 1.35 0.60 0.57 6.01 5.36 0.54
lauroyl
sarcosinatez
Decylpoly- 5.80 5.18
SdJRST~TUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
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glucose3
Lauryl 1.31 0.56 0.54 0.54
alcohol
Polyethylene-7.87 3.38 3.22 2.64 2.36 3.2
4
imine
Citric 0.32 0.1 0.11 0.09
acid 1
(add as
50%
aqueous
solution)
Tetrasodium0.28
EDTA
Sulfuric 5.4 2.37 2.25 2.2
acid
Preservative,0.62 0.45 0.43 2.86 2.55 0.3
fragrance
Sodium 7.9 3.47 3.21 3.0
sulfate
Glycerin 26.45 56.7 46.4 44.1 39.36 44.8
Sorbitol 5.0
SEFA* 12.8
cottonate
SEFA* 8.0
behenate
Part B - Polymer gelling agents
Gelatin 4.2
Polyacryl- 7.5
amide and
isoparaffins
Polyurethane 34.1
latex in
50%
isopropanol~
Polyacrylate 7.5
copolymer'
Polystyrene 1.1
sulfonates
copolymer8
Chitosan 5.4
lactate
Part C - Physical gelling agents
SUBSTITUTE SHEET {BU~.E
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73
12-Hydroxy-10.0 10.66
stearic
acid
Stearyl 10.0 20.0 20.0 7.11 15.0
alcohol
* SEFA is an acronym for sucrose esters of fatty acids
~ Available as Tegobetaine F from Goldschmidt
Z Available as Hamposyl L-30 (type 721) from Hampshire Chemical, 31% active
3 Available as Plantaren 2000NP from Henkel
4 Available as Epomin SP-018, molecular weight about 1800, from Nippon
Shokubai Co.
5 Available as Carbopol Ultrez from B.F. Goodrich
Available as Sancure 2710 from B.F. Goodrich, prepared as premix comprising
about 20% polymer, 30%
water, 50% IPA
'' Available as Sepigel 305 from Seppic Corp.
' Available as AQ38S from Eastman Chemical
Blend the surfactants and fatty alcohol while heating to 65°C with a
low speed impeller mixer.
Remove from heat, allow to cool to 65°C while continuing to mix. Add
the cationic polymer and stir until
homogeneous. Slowly add remaining Part A ingredients while stirring.
Homogenize to disperse the SEFA
as an emulsion. Titrate with concentrated sulfuric acid until a pH of about
6.5 is reached. Prepare a dried
mixture by spreading the Part A composition in trays and drying in a suitable
(vacuum or convection) oven
at a temperature not exceeding 65°C until essentially no water remains.
Blend the dried Part A ingredients
with the polymeric gelling agents from Part B, heat to dissolve or disperse.
Blend the resulting
composition with the physical gelling agents. Heat to melt and dissolve
gelling agents into the
composition. Apply to substrate surfaces) or cool to room temperature and
store.
Examples 65-70
Prepare a representative conditioning component for the articles of the
present invention as described in
Examples 59-64 using the following ingredients.
Part A Example ExampleExampleExample ExampleExample
65 66 67 68 69 70
Sodium lauroyl8.87 11.4 10.8 10.8
sarcosinatel
Polyethylene-7.39 7.50 7.50 9.5 9.0 9.0
imine2
Water 4.43 3.00 3.00 5.7 5.4 5.4
Sulfuric 6.36 QS QS 8.1 7.7 7.7
acid
Fragrance,
misc.
SHBSTITUTE SHEET (RUL.E 2~6)
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Glycerin 34.45 52.5 45.0 41.3 39.25 34.25
Propylene 2.50
glycol
Urea 2.50 2.50 2.0 1.9 1.9
Panthenol 2.0 1.9 1.9
Nicotinamide 2.50 2.50 2.0 1.9 1.9
Salicylic
acid
Polymethyl- 4.20 4.20
silsesquioxane3
Mica, 3.85 3.85
pearlescent
Stearylmethi- 5.0
cone wax
SEFA cottonate 5.0
Petrolatum 5.0
Part B - Polymer gelling agents
Gelatin 0.1
Polyacrylamide16.0 12.0 12.0
and isoparaffin4
Part C - Physical gelling agents
12- 12.0 12.0 10.5
Hydroxystearic
acid
Carnauba 18.0 , 14.1 14.1
wax
Stearyl 8.0 8.0 7.0
alcohol
~ Available as Hamposyl L-95 from Hampshire Chemical, dry
z Available as Epomin SP-O18, molecular weight about 1800, from Nippon
Shokubai Co.
' Available as Tospearl 145A from Kobo, Inc.
4 Available as Sepigel 305 from Seppic Corp.
Examples 71-74
Prepare a representative skin conditioning component which includes the
following components.
Component Example Example Example Example
71 72 73 74
SEFA* Cottonate 62.0 52.0
Petrolatum 4.5
Stearyl Alcohol4.0
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Stearic Acid3.0
Lanolin 20.0 13.0
Ethylene 10.0 10.0
vinyl
acetate polymer'
PolydeceneZ 2.0 2.0
Sodium lauroyl25.0 3.00 3.0
sarcosinate3
Lauryl betaine4 1.50 2.0
Lauroampho- 5.25
acetates
Sodium laureth-3 10.5
sulfate
Cocamide 2.80
MEA'
Sulfuric QS
acid
Guar 0.50 0.50
hydroxypropyl-
trimonium
chloride
Cholesterol$9.0 1.0
Nonylphenol 5.0
polyglycine
ether
Micronized 4.0
titanium
dioxide
Octyl 4.0
methoxycinnamate
Nicotinamide 2.5
Glycerin 10.0 3.00
Water 48.5 55.95
PEG 6 3.40
caprylic/capric
glycerides
Maleated 1.50
soybean
oil
Soybean oil 8.0
(deodorized)
Palm kernel 2:60
fatty
acids
suBS~riTUT~ s~E~r tRU~E ~~
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Polyquaternium-10 0.40
Fragrance,
4.60
preservative,
mist.
*SEFA is an acronym for sucrose esters of fatty acids
~ Available Elvax 40W from DuPont
2 Available as Puresyn 3000 from Mobil
3 Available as Hamposyl L95 (solid) or L30 (30% active in water) from
Hampshire
Chemical, e.g.
4 Available as Empigen BS98 from Albright & Wilson (80% betaine, 20% salt)
5 Available Empigen CDL60 from Albright & Wilson
~' Available as Empicol ESC3 from Albright & Wilson
Available as Empilan CME/G from Albright & Wilson
$ Available as Super Hartolan from Croda
9Hamplex TNP, Hampshire Chemical Co.
Melt the lipid components, add the water (if applicable) and humectant(s), add
the surfactant and
continue to heat and stir until homogeneous. Cool to room temperature and add
the skin care actives) and
deposition agent(s). Adjust pH to about 7.0 with sulfuric acid. Spray, roll,
dip or otherwise apply to
substrate and dry (if water containing) before packaging.
III. Personal Care Articles
Example 75
Prepare a representative skin cleansing article in the following manner.
Four grams of the cleansing component of Example 11 is applied to one side of
a permeable,
fusible web comprised of low-melting heat-sealable polyamide fibers. The
permeable web is Wonder
Under manufactured by Pellon, available from H. Levinson & Co., Chicago, IL.
The cleansing component
is applied to an oval area approximately 13 cm by 18 cm. The cleansing
component is air dried. A layer of
2 oz/sq yd polyester batting cut to the same size as the web is placed over
the fusible web. The polyester
batting has a basis weight of 2 oz/ydZ and is comprised of a blend of fibers
of about 23 microns and 40
microns average diameter, at least some of which are crimped. The thickness of
the batting is about 0.23
in. measured at 5 gsi. The batting is believed to be heat-bonded, utilizing no
adhesive. A layer of a
nonwoven is placed under the fusible web to form the second side of the
article. The nonwoven is a
spunlace blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET fibers, bonded with a styrene-
butadiene adhesive, which is
hydroapertured to form holes about 2 mm in diameter and having a basis weight
of about 70 gsm. The
shape of the article is about 122 mm x 160 mm oval. The layers are sealed
together using point bonds in a
grid pattern with a heat sealing die utilizing a pressure-platen heat sealing
device such as a Sentinel Model
808 heat sealer available from Sencorp, Hyannis, MA. The point bonds measure
about 4 mm diameter each
and there are about 51 individual sealing points evenly spaced. The article is
trimmed and ready for use.
Sd,IBSTIT~ITE SHEEP (RULE ~~.
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Example 76
Prepare a representative skin cleansing article in the following manner.
The cleansing component of Example 11 is applied to one side of a first
substrate by extruding it
through a coating head continuously in four lines separated by a distance of
20 mm, 40 mm, and 20 mm
respectively, measuring widthwise across the web, making a pair of parallel
lines on each side of the web.
The cleansing component is extruded at a rate to yield 4.4 grams of cleansing
component per finished
article. The substrate is a spunlace blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET fibers,
bonded with a styrene-
butadiene adhesive, which is hydroapertured to form holes about 2 mm in
diameter and having a basis
weight of about 70 gsm. A second web which is an airlaid, lofty, low density
batting is continuously fed
over the first substrate placing it in contact with the surfactant-containing
layer. The batting comprises a
blend of 30% 15 denier PET fibers, 35% 3 denier bicomponent fibers with PET
core and PE sheath, and
35% 10 denier bicomponent fibers of the same core-sheath composition, and has
a basis weight of about
100 grams per square meter (gsm). The webs are continuously fed to an
ultrasonic sealer which seals a dot
pattern comprising a grid of 4 mm diameter sealing points spaced evenly across
the web. The web is cut
into individual articles measuring about 120 mm x 160 mm rectangles with
rounded corners, which has a
total of about 51 sealing points per article.
Example 77
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
Three grams of the skin conditioning composition of Example 34 is applied,
half to each side, of
the finished article of Example 75. The composition is applied by slot coating
the composition as a hot
liquid (60-70°C) to the article surfaces evenly, half of the
composition on each side of the article.
Example 78
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
Three grams of the skin conditioning composition of Example 18 is applied,
half to each side, of
the finished article of Example 75. The composition is applied by slot coating
the composition as a hot
liquid (60-70°C) to the article surfaces evenly, half of the
composition on each side of the article.
Example 79
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
Three grams of the skin conditioning composition of Example 65 is applied,
half to each side, of
the finished article of Example 75. The composition is applied by slot coating
the composition as a hot
liquid (60-70°C) to the article surfaces evenly, half of the
composition on each side of the article.
s~BSnr~r~ s~~~r tR~~~ ~j
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Example 80
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
Three grams of the skin conditioning composition of Example 34 is applied,
half to each side, of
the finished article of Example 76. The composition is applied by slot coating
the composition as a hot
liquid (60-70°C) to the article surfaces evenly, half of the
composition on each side of the article.
Example 81
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
Three grams of the skin conditioning composition of Example 18 is applied,
half to each side, of
the finished article of Example 76. The composition is applied by slot coating
the composition as a hot
liquid (60-70°C) to the article surfaces evenly, half of the
composition on each side of the article.
Example 82
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
Three grams of the skin conditioning composition of Example 65 is applied,
half to each side, of
the finished article of Example 76. The composition is applied by slot coating
the composition as a hot
liquid (60-70°C) to the article surfaces evenly, half of the
composition on each side of the article.
Example 83
Prepare a representative skin cleansing article in the following manner.
The cleansing component of Example 11 is applied to one side of a first
substrate by extruding it
through a coating head continuously in four lines separated by a distance of
20 mm, 40 mm, and 20 mm
respectively, measuring widthwise across the web, making a pair of parallel
lines on each side of the web.
The cleansing component is extruded at a rate to yield 4.4 grams of cleansing
component per finished
article. The substrate is a spunlace blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET fibers,
bonded with a styrene-
butadiene adhesive, which is hydroapertured to form holes about 2 mm in
diameter and having a basis
weight of about 70 gsm. A second web which is an airlaid, lofty, low density
batting is continuously fed
over the first substrate placing it in contact with the surfactant-containing
layer. The batting comprises a
blend of 30% 15 denier PET fibers, 35% 3 denier bicomponent fibers with PET
core and PE sheath, and
35% 10 denier bicomponent fibers of the same core-sheath composition, and has
a basis weight of about
100 grams per square meter (gsm). The webs are continuously fed to an
ultrasonic sealer which seals a dot
pattern comprising a grid of 4 mm diameter sealing points spaced evenly across
the web. The web is cut
into individual articles measuring about 120 mm x 480 mm rectangles with
rounded corners.
Example 84
Prepare a representative skin cleansing article in the following manner.
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The cleansing component of Example 11 is applied to one side of a first
substrate by extruding it
through a coating head continuously in four lines separated by a distance of
20 mm, 40 mm, and 20 mm
respectively, measuring widthwise across the web, making a pair of parallel
lines on each side of the web.
The cleansing component is extruded at a rate to yield 4.4 grams of cleansing
component per finished
S article. The substrate is a spunlace blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET fibers,
bonded with a styrene-
butadiene adhesive, which is hydroapertured to form holes about 2 mm in
diameter and having a basis
weight of about 70 gsm. A second substrate web which is an airlaid, lofty, low
density batting is
continuously fed over the first substrate placing it in contact with the
surfactant-containing layer. The
batting comprises a blend of 30% 15 denier PET fibers, 35% 3 denier
bicomponent fibers with PET core
and PE sheath, and 35% 10 denier bicomponent fibers of the same core-sheath
composition, and has a basis
weight of about 100 grams per square meter (gsm). A third substrate web which
is the same as the second
substrate web is continuously fed over the second substrate web placing it in
contact with the second
substrate. The webs are continuously fed to an ultrasonic sealer which seals a
dot pattern comprising a grid
of 4 mm diameter sealing points spaced evenly across the web. The web is cut
into individual articles
measuring about 120 mm x 90 mm rectangles with rounded corners.
Example 85
Prepare a representative skin cleansing article in the following manner.
Four grams of the cleansing component of Example I 2 is applied to one side of
a permeable,
fusible web comprised of low-melting heat-sealable polyamide fibers. The
permeable web is Wonder
Under manufactured by Pellon, available from H. Levinson & Co., Chicago, IL.
The cleansing component
is applied to an oval area approximately 13 cm by 18 cm. The cleansing
component is air dried. A layer of
2 oz/sq yd polyester batting cut to the same size as the web is placed over
the fusible web. The polyester
batting has a basis weight of 2 oz/ydz and is comprised of a blend of fibers
of about 23 microns and 40
microns average diameter, at least some of which are crimped. The thickness of
the batting is about 0.23
in. measured at 5 gsi. The batting has an air permeability of about 1270
cfm/ft2 and a foam permeability
critical pressure of about 2.7 cm H20. The batting is believed to be heat-
bonded, utilizing no adhesive. A
layer of a nonwoven is placed under the fusible web to form the second side of
the article. The nonwoven
is a spunlace blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET fibers, bonded with a styrene-
butadiene adhesive, which is
hydroapertured to form holes about 2 mm in diameter and having a basis weight
of about 70 gsm. The
shape of the article is about 122 mm x 160 mm oval. The layers are sealed
together using point bonds in a
grid pattern with a heat sealing die utilizing a pressure-platen heat sealing
device such as a Sentinel Model
808 heat sealer available from Sencorp, Hyannis, MA. The point bonds measure
about 4 mm diameter each
and there are about 51 individual sealing points evenly spaced. The article is
trimmed and ready for use.
SdJRST~TUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
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Examples 86-88
Prepare representative skin cleansing articles with the cleansing components
of Examples 1, 2 and 5 in the
following manner.
Eight grams of cleansing component is applied to one side of a permeable,
fusible web comprised
5 of low-melting heat-sealable fibers in four quadrants forming a rectangle
about 10 inches by 12 inches,
leaving space at the edge and between quadrants to seal layers without the
presence of surfactant. The
permeable web is a fibrous, low density polyethylene (LDPE or LLDPE) material
commonly available
from sewing supply distributors. A layer of 4 oz/sq yd polyester batting cut
to the same size as the web is
placed over the fusible web. The polyester batting has a basis weight of 4
oz/ydZ and is comprised of
10 polyester fibers of about 30 microns average diameter and is adhesive
bonded, available for example as
Mountain Mist Extra Heavy Batting #205 from Steams Textiles, Cincinnati, OH. A
layer of fibrous
nonwoven which is a hydroentangled blend of 55% cellulose and 45% polyester
having a basis weight of
about 65 gsm (available as Technicloth II from The Texwipe Company, Saddle
River, NJ) is placed under
the fusible web. The layers are sealed together in a rectangular windowpane
shape with a heat sealing die
15 utilizing a pressure-platen heat sealing device such as a Sentinel Model
808 heat sealer available from
Sencorp, Hyannis, MA with sufficient temperature and pressure to cause the
batting to melt and flow into
the first layer and hence form an adequate seal, usually about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit and 30 psi machine
pressure sealing for 6-10 seconds is sufficient. The seal is continuous around
the edges and has a single
windowpane cross-member in each X- and Y-direction measuring about 2 mm width.
After cooling the
20 article is trimmed and the corners rounded and it is stored until ready for
use.
Examples 89-90
Prepare representative skin cleansing and conditioning articles with the
cleansing component powders of
Examples 3 and 4 in the following manner.
25 Four grams of dry cleansing component powder is applied to one side of a
permeable, fusible web
comprised of low-melting heat-sealable fibers. The permeable web is Wonder
Under manufactured by
Pellon, available from H. Levinson & Co., Chicago, IL. The powder is sprinkled
evenly over an oval area
approximately 17 cm by 19 cm. A layer of 2 oz/sq yd polyester batting cut to
the same size as the web is
placed over the fusible web. The polyester batting has a basis weight of 2
oz/yd2 and is comprised of a
30 blend of fibers of about 23 microns and 40 microns average diameter, at
least some of which are crimped.
The thickness of the batting is about 0.23 in. measured at 5 gsi. The batting
has an air permeability of
about 1270 cfm/ft2 and a foam permeability critical pressure of about 2.7 cm
HZO. The batting is believed
to be heat-bonded, utilizing no adhesive. A second nonwoven layer is prepared
which is hydroapertured,
comprising polyester fibers of about 10 microns diameter and containing within
it an interlaced
35 polypropylene scrim having a fiber diameter about 150 microns, laced at
about 0.8 cm intervals. The
second layer is cut larger than the required article dimensions and placed in
a convection oven at a
temperature of about 150 degrees Celsius for about 10 minutes, until the X-
and Y-dimensions of the layer
SUBS~~TUTE SHEET (RULE 26~
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have shrunk to about 70 percent of their original size and the layer has a
macroscopic thickness of about
0. l2 in. measured at 5 gsi. The layer has a macroscopic average basis weight
of about 64 gsm before
shrinking, and apertures measuring about 0.5 mm average diameter. The second
layer is placed under the
fusible web and the layers are sealed together using point bonds and also a 2
mm wide seal around the
perimeter with a heat sealing die utilizing a pressure-platen heat sealing
device such as a Sentinel Model
808 heat sealer available from Sencorp, Hyannis, MA. The point bonds measure
about 3 mm diameter each
and there are about 51 individual sealing points evenly spaced. The article is
trimmed, and 2.5 grams of the
skin conditioning composition of Example 25 is applied to the lofty batting
side of the article by feeding the
composition through a slotted rolling device with a machined 1.5 mm gap and a
feed reservoir held at about
60°C. The composition quickly cools on the article surface and is
stored in a sealed, metallized film
package until ready for use.
Examples 91-96
Prepare representative skin cleansing and conditioning articles with the
liquid cleansing components of
Examples 6, 8, 9, 15, 16 and 17 in the following manner.
Liquid cleansing component is applied to one side of a first substrate by
coating with a brush until
2 grams of solid cleansing component has been applied, in a windowpane design
avoiding the edges and
the sealing loci. The substrate is a spunlace blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET
fibers, bonded with a
styrene-butadiene adhesive, which is hydroapertured to form holes about 2 mm
in diameter and having a
basis weight of about 70 gsm. The substrates are air dried in a convection
oven at 45°C for about 6 hours
or until dry to the touch. A second substrate which is an airlaid, lofty, low
density batting is placed over
the first substrate placing it in contact with the surfactant-containing
layer. The batting comprises a blend
of 30% 15 denier PET fibers, 35% 3 denier bicomponent fibers with PET core and
PE sheath, and 35% 10
denier bicomponent fibers of the same core-sheath composition, and has a basis
weight of about 100 grams
per square meter (gsm). The layers are sealed together in a rectangular
windowpane shape with a heat
sealing die utilizing a pressure-platen heat sealing device such as a Sentinel
Model 808 heat sealer available
from Sencorp, Hyannis, MA with sufficient temperature and pressure to cause
the batting to melt and flow
into the first layer and hence form an adequate seal, usually about 300
degrees Fahrenheit and 30 psi
machine pressure sealing for 6-10 seconds is sufficient. The seal is
continuous around the edges and has a
single windowpane cross-member in each X- and Y-direction measuring about 2 mm
width. After cooling
the article is trimmed and 3 grams of the skin conditioning composition of
Example 26 is applied to the
lofty batting side of the article by feeding the composition through a slotted
rolling device with a machined
1.5 mm gap and a feed reservoir held at about 60°C. The composition
quickly cools on the article surface
and is stored in a sealed, metallized film package until ready for use.
S~tBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE ~)
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Examples 97-102
Prepare representative skin cleansing and conditioning articles with the
liquid cleansing components of
Example 7 and the skin conditioning compositions of Examples 19 through 24 in
the following manner.
Four strips of the liquid cleansing component are extruded continuously on a
moving first web
which is an airlaid, lofty, low density batting. The batting comprises a blend
of 30% 15 denier PET fibers,
35% 3 denier bicomponent fibers with PET core and PE sheath, and 35% 10 denier
bicomponent fibers of
the same core-sheath composition, and has a basis weight of about 100 grams
per square meter (gsm), and
is airlaid and heat bonded with no adhesive. The liquid cleansing component is
heated to melting point and
held in a reservoir at about 65°C and fed by pump to an extrusion head
which continuously meters 4
cylindrical strands onto the web at even spacing across the web, to achieve a
final add-on rate of about 5
grams of composition per finished article. A second web which is a
microapertured and macroapertured
formed film which is the formed film of U.S. Patent No. 4,629,643 is
continuously fed onto the first web,
macroapertured male side towards the batting and cleansing component. The skin
conditioning
composition is slot coated evenly onto the exposed batting surface at a rate
of 3 grams of composition per
finished article while hot, cooling on the article surface to solidify. The
webs are continuously sealed and
cut into 120mm by 160 mm rectangles with rounded corners using a heated metal
roll and a pressure roll
applied against the formed film side. The articles are packaged until ready
for use.
Examples 103-105
Prepare representative skin cleansing and conditioning articles with the
liquid cleansing component of
Example 6 and the skin conditioning compositions of Examples 56, 57 and 58 in
the following manner.
Liquid cleansing component is applied to one side of a first substrate by
coating with a brush until
2 grams of solid surfactant has been applied, in a windowpane design avoiding
the edges and the sealing
loci. The substrate is an airlaid, lofty, low density batting comprising a
blend of 30% 15 denier PET fibers,
35% 3 denier bicomponent fibers with PET core and PE sheath, and 35% 10 denier
bicomponent fibers of
the same core-sheath composition, and has a basis weight of about 100 grams
per square meter (gsm). The
cleansing component is dried. A second substrate which is a high wet strength,
adhesive bonded cellulose
paper towel with good loft and a basis weight of about 53 gsm is placed over
the cleansing component
exposed side of the batting. A useful towel is available from The Procter &
Gamble Company and
marketed as Bounty Rinse & Reuse ~, which retains its Z-direction height when
wet, and which has a
thickness of about 0.047 inches at 5 gsi and a Loft/Soft ratio of about 1.28.
The layers are sealed together in
a rectangular windowpane shape with a heat sealing die utilizing a pressure-
platen heat sealing device such
as a Sentinel Model 808 heat sealer available from Sencorp, Hyannis, MA with
sufficient temperature and
pressure to form an adequate seal. The seal is continuous around the edges and
has a single windowpane
cross-member in each X- and Y-direction measuring about 2 mm width. The
article is trimmed, and 1.5
grams of skin conditioning composition is applied to the lofty batting side of
the article by feeding the
composition through a slotted rolling device with a machined 1.5 mm gap and a
feed reservoir held at about
~ST~rU~E SH~;~~ ~~t~LE 26)
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60°C. The composition quickly cools on the article surface and is
stored in a sealed, metallized film
package until ready for use.
Example 106
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
The cleansing component of Example 12 is applied to one side of a first
substrate by extruding it
through a coating head continuously in four lines separated by a distance of
20 mm, 40 mm, and 20 mm
respectively, measuring widthwise across the web, making a pair of parallel
lines on each side of the web.
The cleansing component is extruded at a rate to yield 4.4 grams of cleansing
component per finished
article. The substrate is a spunlace blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET fibers,
bonded with a styrene-
butadiene adhesive, which is hydroapertured to form holes about 2 mm in
diameter and having a basis
weight of about 70 gsm. A second substrate web which is an airlaid, lofty, low
density batting is
continuously fed over the first substrate placing it in contact with the
surfactant layer. The batting
comprises a blend of 30% 15 denier PET fibers, 35% 3 denier bicomponent fibers
with PET core and PE
sheath, and 35% 10 denier bicomponent fibers of the same core-sheath
composition, and has a basis weight
of about 100 grams per square meter (gsm). A third substrate web which is the
same as the second
substrate web is continuously fed over the second substrate web placing it in
contact with the second
substrate. The webs are continuously fed to an ultrasonic sealer which seals a
dot pattern comprising a grid
of 4 mm diameter sealing points spaced evenly across the web. The skin
conditioning liquid of Example 53
is sprayed onto the web at a rate of about 25 gsm per side, or about 0.5 grams
of composition per finished
article. The web is cut into individual articles measuring about 120 mm x 90
mm rectangles with rounded
corners and packaged until ready for use.
Example 107-108
Prepare representative skin cleansing and conditioning articles in the
following manner, utilizing the skin
conditioning compositions of Examples 54 and 55.
The low water activity cleansing component of Example 2 is three-roll milled
with aluminosilicate
(available as Advera 401 N from The PQ Corporation, Valley Forge, PA, which
generates heat due to an
exothermic reaction upon exposure to water) in a ratio of 1:1. Ten grams the
cleansing component is
applied to one side of a layer of batting. The batting is an airlaid, lofty,
low density batting comprising a
blend of 30% 15 denier PET fibers, 35% 3 denier bicomponent fibers with PET
core and PE sheath, and
35% 10 denier bicomponent fibers of the same core-sheath composition, and has
a basis weight of about
100 grams per square meter (gsm). The surfactant is applied fibers in four
quadrants together forming a
rectangle about 10 inches by 12 inches, leaving space at the edge and between
quadrants to seal layers
without the presence of surfactant. A second nonwoven layer is prepared which
is hydroapertured,
comprising polyester fibers of about 10 microns diameter and containing within
it an interlaced scrim
having a fiber diameters about 100 microns running across the width of the
nonwoven and about 250
S1JBSTiTUfE SHEET (RULE 2S)
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microns orthogonal to the width, laced (bonded) at about 1 cm intervals. Such
a scrim is available from
Conwed plastics, Minneapolis, MN. The second nonwoven has a basis weight of
about 70 gsm, and is
slightly creped due to web tension during manufacture of the nonwoven, and
subsequent relaxation of the
tension. The layers are sealed together using point bonds and also a 2 mm wide
seal around the perimeter
wdth a heat sealing die utilizing a pressure-platen heat sealing device such
as a Sentinel Model 808 heat
sealer available from Sencorp, Hyannis, MA. The point bonds measure about 3 mm
diameter each and
there are about 51 individual sealing points evenly spaced. The article is
trimmed, and 4 grams of skin
conditioning composition is applied to the lofty batting side of the article
by feeding the composition
through a slotted rolling device with a machined 1.5 mm gap and a feed
reservoir held at about 60°C. The
composition quickly cools on the article surface and is stored in a sealed,
metallized film package until
ready for use.
Examples 109-116
Prepare representative skin cleansing and conditioning articles in the
following manner, utilizing the skin
conditioning compositions of Examples 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 68, 69 and 70.
Four grams of the cleansing component of Example 11 is spread evenly by hand
across a lofty
batting. The batting is an airlaid, lofty, low density batting comprising a
blend of 30% 15 denier PET
fibers, 35% 3 denier bicomponent fibers with PET core and PE sheath, and 35%
10 denier bicomponent
fibers of the same core-sheath composition, and has a basis weight of about
100 grams per square meter
(gsm). A layer of fibrous nonwoven which is a hydroentangled blend of 55%
cellulose and 45% polyester
having a basis weight of about 65 gsm (available as Technicloth II from The
Texwipe Company, Saddle
River, NJ) is placed over the cleansing component coated side of the batting.
The layers are sealed together
using interlocking sealing plates using an unheated plate having inverted
thimble-shaped reservoirs spaced
evenly in a hexagonal grid pattern. The thimble shaped reservoirs are about
1.2 cm diameter at the base
and are spaced about 2 cm apart, center-to-center. The land area between the
dimples on the unheated plate
is concave inwards by several mm, forming an interconnected trough. The heated
plate has an external
ridge which fit precisely into the trough on the land area of the unheated
plate. The heated plate contacts
the cellulose/polyester substrate and a heat seal is effected using pressure-
platen heat sealing device such as
a Sentinel Model 808 heat sealer available from Sencorp, Hyannis, MA. The
resulting unfinished article
has pronounced thimble shapes rising up on the batting side, and shorter
dimples or 'buttons' rising up on
the cellulose/polyester substrate side of the article, making both sides easy
to grip. The article is cut into a
rectangle about 120 mm by 160 mm. Three grams of skin conditioning composition
per article is pipetted
into the trough area while the composition is hot, and allowed to cool and
solidify. The article is packaged
until ready for use.
Example 117
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
S~IBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE ~~
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Eight grams of the liquid cleansing component of Example 10 cleansing
component is applied by
brush to one side of a permeable, fusible web comprised of low-melting heat-
sealable fibers in four
quadrants forming a rectangle about 10 inches by 12 inches, leaving space at
the edge and between
quadrants to seal layers without the presence of cleansing component. The
permeable web is a fibrous, low
density polyethylene (LDPE or LLDPE) material commonly available from sewing
supply distributors.
The composition is dried. A layer of 4 oz/sq yd polyester batting cut to the
same size as the web is placed
over the fusible web. The polyester batting has a basis weight of 4 oz/yd2 and
is comprised of polyester
fibers of about 30 microns average diameter and is adhesive bonded, available
for example as Mountain
Mist Extra Heavy Batting #205 from Steams Textiles, Cincinnati, OH. A layer of
fibrous nonwoven which
10 is a hydroentangled blend of 55% cellulose and 45% polyester having a basis
weight of about 65 gsm
(available as Technicloth II from The Texwipe Company, Saddle River, NJ) is
placed under the fusible
web. The layers are sealed together in a rectangular windowpane shape with a
heat sealing die utilizing a
pressure-platen heat sealing device such as a Sentinel Model 808 heat sealer
available from Sencorp,
Hyannis, MA with sufficient temperature and pressure to cause the batting to
melt and flow into the first
15 layer and hence form an adequate seal, usually about 300 degrees Fahrenheit
and 30 psi machine pressure
sealing for 6-10 seconds is sufficient. The seal is continuous around the
edges and has a single
windowpane cross-member in each X- and Y-direction measuring about 2 mm width.
Five grams of the
conditioning composition of Example 64 is brush applied to the article, half
to each side, and the article is
again dried. The article is trimmed, the corners rounded and it is stored
until ready for use.
Example 118 - 119
Prepare representative skin cleansing and conditioning articles utilizing the
skin conditioning compositions
of Examples 66 and 67 in the following manner.
The liquid cleansing component of Example 15 is applied to a first substrate
by dipping a 120 mm
by 160 mm section of the substrate in a bath of the composition until it has
increased its weight by about 8
grams. The substrate is a batting comprising a blend of 30% 15 denier PET
fibers, 35% 3 denier
bicomponent fibers with PET core and PE sheath, and 35% 10 denier bicomponent
fibers of the same core-
sheath composition, and has a basis weight of about 100 grams per square meter
(gsm). The substrate is
dried. A piece of a second substrate which is a spunlace blend of 70% rayon
and 30% PET fibers, bonded
with a styrene-butadiene adhesive and hydroapertured to form holes about 2 mm
in diameter, having a basis
weight of about 70 gsm is placed over the first substrate. The substrates are
sealed together using an
ultrasonic sealer which seals a dot pattern comprising a grid of 4 mm diameter
sealing points spaced evenly
across the article. Four grams of skin conditioning composition is applied
evenly over both sides of the
article by feeding the composition through a slotted rolling device with a
machined 1.5 mm gap and a feed
reservoir held at about 60°C. The composition quickly cools on the
article surface and is stored in a sealed,
metallized film package until ready for use.
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Example 120-124
Prepare representative skin cleansing and conditioning articles utilizing the
skin conditioning compositions
of Examples 27 through 31 in the following manner.
The cleansing component of Example 11 is applied to one side of a first
substrate by extruding it
through a coating head continuously in four lines separated by a distance of
20 mm, 40 mm, and 20 mm
respectively, measuring widthwise across the web, making a pair of parallel
lines on each side of the web.
The cleansing component is extruded at a rate to yield 4.4 grams of cleansing
component per finished
article. The substrate is a spunlace blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET fibers,
bonded with a styrene-
butadiene adhesive, which is hydroapertured to form holes about 2 mm in
diameter and having a basis
weight of about 70 gsm. A second substrate web which is an airlaid, lofty, low
density batting is
continuously fed over the first substrate placing it in contact with the
surfactant -containing ayer. The
batting comprises a blend of 30% 15 denier PET fibers, 35% 3 denier
bicomponent fibers with PET core
and PE sheath, and 35% 10 denier bicomponent fibers of the same core-sheath
composition, and has a basis
weight of about 100 grams per square meter (gsm). A third substrate web which
is the same as the second
substrate web is continuously fed over the second substrate web placing it in
contact with the second
substrate. The webs are continuously fed to an ultrasonic sealer which seals a
dot pattern comprising a grid
of 4 mm diameter sealing points spaced evenly across the web. Skin
conditioning composition is slot
coated from a hot reservoir pumped through a slot dye onto both sides of the
substrate web at a rate equal to
3 grams of skin conditioning composition per finished article (about 140 gsm
add-on per side), and passed
across a cooling fan so the composition cools quickly on the article outer
surfaces. The web is cut into
individual articles measuring about 120 mm x 90 mm rectangles with rounded
corners.
Examples 125-145
Prepare representative skin cleansing and conditioning articles utilizing the
skin conditioning compositions
of Examples 32 through 52 in the following manner.
The cleansing component of Example 11 is applied to one side of a first
substrate by extruding it
through a coating head continuously in four lines separated by a distance of
20 mm, 40 mm, and 20 mm
respectively, measuring widthwise across the web, making a pair of parallel
lines on each side of the web.
The cleansing component is extruded at a rate to yield 4.4 grams of cleansing
component per finished
article. The substrate is a spunlace blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET fibers,
bonded with a styrene-
butadiene adhesive, which is hydroapertured to form holes about 2 mm in
diameter and having a basis
weight of about 70 gsm. A second substrate web which is an airlaid, lofty, low
density batting is
continuously fed over the first substrate placing it in contact with the
surfactant-containing layer. The
batting comprises a blend of 30% 15 denier PET fibers, 35% 3 denier
bicomponent fibers with PET core
and PE sheath, and 35% 10 denier bicomponent fibers of the same core-sheath
composition, and has a basis
weight of about 100 grams per square meter (gsm). A third substrate web which
is the same as the second
substrate web is continuously fed over the second substrate web placing it in
contact with the second
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substrate. The webs are continuously fed to an ultrasonic sealer which seals a
dot pattern comprising a grid
of 4 mm diameter sealing points spaced evenly across the web. Skin
conditioning composition is slot
coated from a hot reservoir pumped through a slot dye onto both sides of the
substrate web at a rate equal to
3 grams of skin conditioning composition per finished article (about 140 gsm
add-on per side), and passed
across a cooling fan so the composition cools quickly on the article outer
surfaces. The slot coating
reservoir is continuously mixed to maintain stability of the emulsion. The web
is cut into individual
articles measuring about 120 mm x 90 mm rectangles with rounded corners.
Examples 146-147
Prepare representative skin cleansing and conditioning articles utilizing the
skin cleansing and conditioning
compositions of Examples 71 and 74 in the following manner.
A first substrate and a second substrate are cut to about 12 inch by 9 inch
rectangles. The first
substrate is a spunlace blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET fibers, bonded with a
styrene-butadiene adhesive,
which is hydroapertured to form holes about 2 mm in diameter and having a
basis weight of about 70 gsm.
The second substrate is a batting comprising a blend of 30% 15 denier PET
fibers, 35% 3 denier
bicomponent fibers with PET core and PE sheath, and 35% 10 denier bicomponent
fibers of the same core-
sheath composition, and has a basis weight of about 100 grams per square meter
(gsm). The substrates are
sealed together in a windowpane design with a heat sealing die utilizing a
pressure-platen heat sealing
device such as a Sentinel Model 808 heat sealer available from Sencorp,
Hyannis, MA with sufficient
temperature and pressure to cause the batting to melt and flow into the first
layer and hence form an
adequate seal, usually about 300 degrees Fahrenheit and 30 psi machine
pressure sealing for 6-10 seconds
is sufficient. The seal is continuous around the edges and has a single
windowpane cross-member in each
X- and Y-direction measuring about 2 mm width. After cooling the article is
trimmed to about 11 inches
by 8.5 inches, and 10 grams of skin cleansing and conditioning composition is
brushed onto the outer
surfaces of both sides, about half the composition per side. The composition
is dried and the article is
stored until ready for use.
Examples 148-149
Prepare representative skin cleansing and conditioning articles utilizing the
skin cleansing and conditioning
compositions of Examples 72 and 73 in the following manner.
A first substrate and a second substrate are cut to about 12 inch by 9 inch
rectangles. The first
substrate is a spunlace blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET fibers, bonded with a
styrene-butadiene adhesive,
which is hydroapertured to form holes about 2 mm in diameter and having a
basis weight of about 70 gsm.
The second substrate is a batting comprising a blend of 30% 15 denier PET
fibers, 35% 3 denier
bicomponent fibers with PET core and PE sheath, and 35% 10 denier bicomponent
fibers of the same core-
sheath composition, and has a basis weight of about 100 grams per square meter
(gsm). The substrates are
sealed together in a windowpane design with a heat sealing die utilizing a
pressure-platen heat sealing
SLJBSTI~t~~Iut ~~ii~~ryi ~~~~.~ ~~.
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device such as a Sentinel Model 808 heat sealer available from Sencorp,
Hyannis, MA with sufficient
temperature and pressure to cause the batting to melt and flow into the first
layer and hence form an
adequate seal, usually about 300 degrees Fahrenheit and 30 psi machine
pressure sealing for 6-10 seconds
is sufficient. The seal is continuous around the edges and has a single
windowpane cross-member in each
X- and Y-direction measuring about 2 mm width. After cooling the article is
trimmed to about 11 inches
by 8.5 inches, and 8 grams of skin cleansing and conditioning composition is
slot coated onto the articles, 4
grams per side evenly distributed on the article surfaces using an X-Y table,
which is a programmable
controlled metering system comprising a heated reservoir maintained at about
70°C, a pump, an on-off
valve, a slot head and a motorized X-Y coordinate control system for the
coating head. The composition
cools quickly on the surface of the articles. The articles are packaged until
ready for use.
Examples 150-152
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
Prepare liquid cleansing components which include the following components:
Component Example 150 Example 151 Example
152
Sodium laureth 3 sulfate 3.60
Sodium C13/C14 methyl5.00 5.60 4.50
branched sulfate
Sodium paraffin Sulfonate 6.40
Sodium alpha olefin 5.20
sulfonate
Sodium lauryl sulfate5.50
Sodium lauroamphoacetate4.50 5.30 3.65
Cocamide MEA 3.55 3.20 2.80
Succinic acid 2.80 5.70 6.00
Sodium succinate 0.10 0.14 0.30
Citric acid 3.00 4.30 5.00
Sodium citrate 1.60 1.10 1.40
Malonic acid 4.00 2.20
Glycerine 10.00 15.00 8.50
Palm kernel 12-18 2.00 3.00
fatty acid
Perfume 1.00 1.20 1.00
MgS04-7H20 0.89 0.90 0.80
Water 54.21 47.61 52.25
Salicylic acid 1.85
Triclosan 0.25
Trichlorocarbanilide 1.10
S~IBSTiTUTE SHEET ~il~~.~ 26~
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Zinc pyrithione 2.00
The cleansing components are applied to one side of a first substrate by
brushing onto one side of
the substrate until 10 grams of composition have been added to a 11 inch by
8.5 inch section. The substrate
is a lofty, low density batting comprising a blend of 30% 15 denier PET
fibers, 35% 3 denier bicomponent
fibers with PET core and PE sheath, and 35% 10 denier bicomponent fibers of
the same core-sheath
composition, and has a basis weight of about 100 gsm. The first substrate is
dried. A second substrate is
laminated to the untreated side of the first substrate using an ultrasonic
sealer which seals a dot pattern
comprising a grid of 4 mm diameter sealing points spaced evenly across the web
at 2 cm intervals. The
second substrate is a spunlace blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET fibers, bonded
with a styrene-butadiene
adhesive, which is hydroapertured to form holes about 2 mm in diameter and
having a basis weight of
about 70 gsm. The skin conditioning composition of Example 19 is slot coated
evenly onto entire surface
of the second substrate at a rate of about 3 grams of composition per article,
allowed to cool, and packaged
until ready for use. The article confers sustained antiviral, antifungal and
antibacterial activity against both
gram negative and gram positive microorganisms, lathers well, and is
relatively mild to the skin.
Example 153
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
Four grams of the cleansing component of Example 11 is spread evenly by hand
across a lofty
batting. The batting is a 4 oz/sq yd polyester batting cut to a size of 130 mm
by 175 mm, comprising
polyester fibers of about 30 microns average diameter and is adhesive bonded,
available for example as
Mountain Mist Extra Heavy Batting #205 from Stearns Textiles, Cincinnati, OH.
A layer of fibrous
nonwoven which is a hydroentangled blend of 55% cellulose and 45% polyester
having a basis weight of
about 65 gsm (available as Technicloth II from The Texwipe Company, Saddle
River, NJ) is placed over
the surfactant coated side of the batting. The layers are sealed together
using interlocking sealing plates
using an unheated plate having inverted thimble-shaped reservoirs spaced
evenly in a hexagonal grid
pattern. The thimble shaped reservoirs are about 1.2 cm diameter at the base
and are spaced about 1.5 cm
apart, center-to-center. The land area between the dimples on the unheated
plate is convex upwards by
several mm, forming an interconnected ridge. The heated plate has an external
trough which fits precisely
onto the ridge of the unheated plate. The heated plate contacts the
cellulose/polyester substrate and a heat
seal is effected using a pressure-platen heat sealing device such as a
Sentinel Model 808 heat sealer
available from Sencorp, Hyannis, MA. The resulting unfinished article has
topographical features on both
sides, assisting lather generation and also making it easy to grip and slide
across the skin surface during
use. The article is cut into a rectangle about 120 mm by 160 mm.
A skin conditioning inverse emulsion paste is prepared for use with the
article, as follows:
Component Per cent
PEG 30-dipolyhydroxystearate 3.0
SEFA cottonate 20.0
Sd~~ ~°~ø~;~T~ SHEET {RUi.E 2~~
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Petrolatum 4.0
Tribehenin 5.0
C10-C30 Cholesterol/Lanosterol 13.0
Esters
SEFA behenate 5.0
Glycerin 50.0
The lipid soluble ingredients are heated to 70°C while stirring.
Glycerin is slowly added with vigorous
stirring. The composition is homogenized. Three grams of the skin conditioning
inverse emulsion paste is
pipetted hot into the depressed zones on the cellulose/polyester side of the
article. The composition quickly
cools to a semi-solid paste. The article is packaged until ready for use.
Example 154
Prepare a representative skin cleansing article in the following manner.
The cleansing component of Example 1 1 is applied to one side of a first
substrate by extruding it
through a coating head continuously in four lines separated by a distance of
20 mm, 40 mm, and 20 mm
10 respectively, measuring widthwise across the web, making a pair of parallel
lines on each side of the web.
The cleansing component is extruded at a rate to yield 0.40 grams of cleansing
component per finished
article. The substrate is a spunlace blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET fibers,
bonded with a styrene-
butadiene adhesive, which is hydroapertured to form holes about 2 mm in
diameter and having a basis
weight of about 70 gsm. A second substrate web which is an airlaid, low
density batting is continuously
15 fed over the first substrate placing it in contact with the surfactant
layer. The batting comprises a blend of
10% 15 denier PET fibers, 50% 3 denier bicomponent fibers with PET core and PE
sheath, and 40% 10
denier bicomponent fibers of the same core-sheath composition, and has a basis
weight of about 80 grams
per square meter (gsm). A third substrate web which is the same as the second
substrate web is
continuously fed over the second substrate web placing it in contact with the
second substrate. The webs
20 are continuously fed to an ultrasonic sealer which seals a dot pattern
comprising a grid of 4 mm diameter
sealing points spaced evenly across the web. The web is cut into individual
articles measuring about 120
mm x 90 mm rectangles with rounded corners.
Example 165-169
25 Prepare representative skin cleansing and conditioning articles utilizing
the skin conditioning compositions
of Examples 19, 28, 34, 55, and 69.
The cleansing component of Example 1 1 is applied to one side of a first
substrate by extruding it
through a coating head continuously in four lines separated by a distance of
20 mm, 40 mm, and 20 mm
respectively, measuring widthwise across the web, making a pair of parallel
lines on each side of the web.
30 The cleansing component is extruded at a rate to yield 0.52 grams of
cleansing component per finished
article. The substrate is a spunlace blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET fibers,
bonded with a styrene-
butadiene adhesive, which is hydroaperiured to form holes about 2 mm in
diameter and having a basis
S1JBST1TU'fE SHEET (RULE 26)
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weight of about 70 gsm. A second substrate web which is an airlaid, lofty, low
density batting is
continuously fed over the first substrate placing it in contact with the
surfactant layer. The batting
comprises a blend of 10% 15 denier PET fibers, 50% 3 denier bicomponent fibers
with PET core and PE
sheath, and 40% 10 denier bicomponent fibers of the same core-sheath
composition, and has a basis weight
of about 80 grams per square meter (gsm). A third substrate web which is the
same as the second substrate
web is continuously fed over the second substrate web placing it in contact
with the second substrate. The
webs are continuously fed to an ultrasonic sealer which seals a dot pattern
comprising a grid of 4 mm
diameter sealing points spaced evenly across the web. Skin conditioning
composition is slot coated from a
hot reservoir pumped through a slot dye onto both sides of the substrate web
at a rate equal to 1.25 grams
of skin conditioning composition per finished article (about 55 gsm add-on per
side), and passed across a
cooling fan so the composition cools quickly on the article outer surfaces.
The web is cut into individual
articles measuring about 120 mm x 90 mm rectangles with rounded corners.
Example 155
Prepare representative skin cleansing and conditioning kits in the following
manner.
A skin cleansing article is prepared. The cleansing component of Example 11 is
applied to one
side of a first substrate by extruding it through a coating head continuously
in four lines separated by a
distance of 20 mm, 40 mm, and 20 mm respectively, measuring widthwise across
the web, making a pair of
parallel lines on each side of the web. The cleansing component is extruded at
a rate to yield 4.4 grams of
cleansing component per finished article. The substrate is a spunlace blend of
70% rayon and 30% PET
fibers, bonded with a styrene-butadiene adhesive, which is hydroapertured to
form holes about 2 mm in
diameter and having a basis weight of about 70 gsm. A second web which is an
airlaid, lofty, low density
batting is continuously fed over the first substrate placing it in contact
with the surfactant-containing layer.
The batting comprises a blend of 30% 15 denier PET fibers, 35% 3 denier
bicomponent fibers with PET
core and PE sheath, and 35% 10 denier bicomponent fibers of the same core-
sheath composition, and has a
basis weight of about 100 grams per square meter (gsm). The webs are
continuously fed to an ultrasonic
sealer which seals a dot pattern comprising a grid of 4 mm diameter sealing
points spaced evenly across the
web. The web is cut into individual articles measuring about 120 mm x 480 mm
rectangles with rounded
corners.
A skin conditioning article is prepared. The conditioning composition of
Example 34 is applied to
one side of a first substrate by extruding it through a coating head
continuously in four strips, each 5 mm
wide, separated by a distance of 20 mm, 40 mm, and 20 mm respectively,
measuring widthwise across the
web, making a pair of parallel lines on each side of the web. The composition
is extruded at a rate to yield
3 grams of composition per finished article. The substrate is a spunlace blend
of 70% rayon and 30% PET
fibers, bonded with a styrene-butadiene adhesive, which is hydroapertured to
form holes about 2 mm in
diameter and having a basis weight of about 70 gsm. A second web which is an
airlaid, lofty, low density
batting is continuously fed over the first substrate placing it in contact
with the first substrate on the side
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containing no skin conditioning composition. The batting comprises a blend of
30% 15 denier PET fibers,
35% 3 denier bicomponent fibers with PET core and PE sheath, and 35% 10 denier
bicomponent fibers of
the same core-sheath composition, and has a basis weight of about 100 grams
per square meter (gsm). The
webs are continuously fed to an ultrasonic sealer which seals a dot pattern
comprising a grid of 4 mm
diameter sealing points spaced evenly across the web. The web is cut into
individual articles measuring
about I 20 mm x 160 mm rectangles with rounded corners, which has a total of
about 51 sealing points per
article.
package.
The skin cleansing article and the skin conditioning article are packaged
together in a single
Example 156
Prepare representative skin cleansing and conditioning kits in the following
manner.
A skin cleansing article is prepared. The cleansing component of Example 1 1
is applied to one
side of a first substrate by extruding it through a coating head continuously
in four lines separated by a
distance of 20 mm, 40 mm, and 20 mm respectively, measuring widthwise across
the web, making a pair of
parallel lines on each side of the web. The cleansing component is extruded at
a rate to yield 4.4 grams of
cleansing component per finished article. The substrate is a spunlace blend of
70% rayon and 30% PET
fibers, bonded with a styrene-butadiene adhesive, which is hydroapertured to
form holes about 2 mm in
diameter and having a basis weight of about 70 gsm. A second web which is an
airlaid, lofty, low density
batting is continuously fed over the first substrate placing it in contact
with the surfactant layer. The
batting comprises a blend of 30% 15 denier PET fibers, 35% 3 denier
bicomponent fibers with PET core
and PE sheath, and 35% 10 denier bicomponent fibers of the same core-sheath
composition, and has a basis
weight of about 100 grams per square meter (gsm). The webs are continuously
fed to an ultrasonic sealer
which seals a dot pattern comprising a grid of 4 mm diameter sealing points
spaced evenly across the web.
. The web is cut into individual articles measuring about 120 mm x 480 mm
rectangles with rounded corners.
A skin conditioning article is prepared. A substrate is prepared which is a
hydroentangled blend
of fibers, having softer, finer denier fibers on one side and coarser fibers
on the second side. The substrate
is prepared by airlaying two webs comprising 10 denier polyester (PET) fibers,
one web on top of the other,
each having a basis weight of about 20 gsm. A web of polypropylene scrim
having a diameter about 100
microns, laced at about 0.8 cm intervals is fed over the fibrous webs
continuously as a third web. Fourth
and fifth webs comprising 3 denier polyester fibers are airlaid at about 20
gsm each on top of the web. The
webs are hydroentangled and to fix them into a single web unit, and dried on
drying cans until moisture
free and about 20% shrinkage due to relaxation of the scrim has occurred. A
low Tx (about 5°C)
waterborne acrylic adhesive copolymer is added to the coarse fiber side of the
web by kiss roll application
at a rate of about 7 gsm wet add-on rate, and dried. The skin conditioning
composition of Example 21 is
continuously added to the web by slot coating the composition evenly across
both sides of the web at a rate
of about 25 gsm on each side. The substrate web is cut into individual
articles measuring about 120 mm x
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100 mm rectangles with rounded corners using a hot cutting roll causing the
scrim fibers to shrink back
slightly from the edge of the article as they are cut.
The skin cleansing article and the skin conditioning article are packaged
together in a single
package.
Example 157
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
A first side is prepared. A first layer of the first side is prepared which is
a polyester batting
having a basis weight of 2 oz/yd2 and is comprised of a blend of fibers of
about 23 microns and 40 microns
average diameter, at least some of which are crimped. The thickness of the
batting is about 0.23 in.
measured at 5 gsi. The batting has an air permeability of about 1270 cfm/ft2
and a foam permeability
critical pressure of about 2.7 cm H20. The batting is believed to be heat-
bonded, utilizing no adhesive.
The batting is cut into a 10 inch square. A second layer of the first side is
prepared which is a 10 inch
square sheet of microapertured 100 mesh formed film prepared by forming
hydroapertures at high pressure
on a drum comprising a 100 mesh forming screen (e.g., as disclosed in U. S.
Patent No. 4,629,643). The
sheet is laid on the first layer with the male apertured side facing up.
Twenty-five grams of the skin
cleansing composition of Example 1 is placed on the center of the first side.
The composition is slightly
flattened, shaped to be about'/z inch thick and several inches in diameter. A
layer of an impermeable
polyethylene film is placed across the composition, measuring the same 10 inch
square dimension as the
first layer. Twenty-five grams of the skin conditioning composition of Example
63 is shaped the same as
the cleansing composition, and placed on top of the film in the same x-y
position as the surfactant. A layer
of a microapertured and macroapertured formed film which (also disclosed in U.
S. Patent No. 4,629,643)
is placed with the male side of the macroapertures facing towards the
composition and the male side of the
microapertures facing up. The layer is also cut to a 10 inch square. A last
layer is prepared which is a
hydroentangled blend of fibers, having soft, fine denier fibers. The layer is
prepared by airlaying two webs
comprising 3 denier polyester (PET) fibers, one web on top of the other, each
having a basis weight of
about 17 gsm. A web of an elastomeric scrim having fibers of about 100 micron
diameter in one direction
laced with fibers of about 40 micron diameter in the other direction, laced at
about 1.0 cm intervals, is fed
over the fibrous webs continuously as a third web. Such a web is available
from Conwed Plastics,
Minneapolis, MN. Fourth and fifth webs comprising 3 denier polyester fibers
are airlaid at about 17 gsm
each on top of the web. The webs are hydroentangled to fix them into a single
web unit, and dried on
drying cans until moisture free. The web is creped due to web tension during
the hydroentangling and
drying process and subsequent relaxation after processing. A piece of the
layer is cut to a size of about 10
inches by 10 inches and placed over the top of the other layers. The layers
are sealed together with a
pressure-platen type heat sealing device such as a Sentinel Model 808 heat
sealer available from Sencorp,
Hyannis, MA. A recessed (unheated) bottom plate is used which is shaped to
contain the composition, and
a recessed (heated) top plate which matches the bottom plate around the
circular sealing rim is used to
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effect a heat seal. Typical sealing conditions are 300° C for about 3.5
seconds dwell time with a supply
pressure of about 30 psig to the machine, but will vary according to the
sealing apparatus used. The article
is trimmed and packaged until ready for use.
S~J~STdTI~TE SHEET (RULE ~6)
