Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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CA 02408133 2002-11-06
DESCRIPTION
LUBRICATING OIL COMPOSITION FOR REFRIGERATORS
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition for
refrigerators and, more particularly, to a lubricating oil composition which
can be used in combination with a fluorocarbon-based refrigerant or a
natural substance-based refrigerant such as carbon dioxide, ammonia and
a hydrocarbon and can contribute to saving energy.
BACKGROUND ART
In recent years, in the field of refrigerators, refrigerants which have
heretofore been used and have great ozonosphere destruction potential
due to the contained chlorine such as chlorofluorocarbons and
hydrochlorofluorocarbons are being replaced with
hydrofluorocarbon-based refrigerants having the ozonosphere destruction
potential of zero from the standpoint of global ozonosphere protection. At
the same time, so-called natural substance-based refrigerants such as
carbon dioxide, ammonia and hydrocarbons having small global warming
potential are attracting attention from the standpoint of prevention of the
global warming.
When the hydrofluorocarbon-based refrigerant or the natural
substance-based refrigerant is used for a refrigerator, the application of
mineral oil-based lubricating oils which have heretofore been used
becomes difficult from the standpoint of miscibility. As the result,
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lubricating oils using an oil having oxygen such as a polyalkylene
glycol-based oil, a polyvinyl ether-based oil, a polyol ester-based oil and a
polycarbonate-based oil as the base oil are used in combination with the
above refrigerants. In particular, the polyalkylene glycol-based
lubricating oil for refrigerators are used as the lubricating oil for
refrigerators of automobile air conditioners due to the great viscosity
index.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
However, the polyalkylene glycol-based lubricating oils which have
been used as the lubricating oil for refrigerators of automobile air
conditioners have a drawback in that the viscosity index of the lubricating
oiI is about 170 to about 230 and the loss in torque is great at the start of
the refrigerator of the automobile air conditioner due to the great
kinematic viscosity at low temperatures.
The present invention has been made to overcome the above
drawback and has an object of providing a lubricating oiI composition for
refrigerators which enables the use of a fluorocarbon-based refrigerant or
a natural substance-based refrigerant as the refrigerant for refrigerators
and has a small kinematic viscosity at low temperatures and a suitable
kinematic viscosity at high temperatures, i.e., has a great viscosity index.
As the result of intensive studies by the present inventors to
achieve the above object, it was found that a lubricating oil composition
for refrigerators which had a suitable kinematic viscosity at high
temperatures and a small kinematic viscosity at low temperatures, i.e.,
had a great viscosity index, could be obtained by using a base oil
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component having a small viscosity as the essential component and
adding a base oil component having a great viscosity to the above base oil
component having a small viscosity. The present invention has been
completed based on the above knowledge.
The present invention provides:
(1) A lubricating oil composition for refrigerators which comprises base
oil component 1 having a kinematic viscosity of 3 mm2/s or smaller at
100°C and a viscosity index smaller than 250 and base oil component 2
having a kinematic viscosity of 25 mm2/s or greater at 100°C and a
viscosity index smaller than 250 and has a viscosity index of 250 or
greater;
(2) A lubricating oil composition described in (1), wherein a difference
between kinematic viscosities of base oil component 1 and base oil
component 2 is 25 mm2/s or greater at 100°C;
(3) A lubricating oil composition described in any of (1) and (2), wherein
base oil component 1 is a component represented by general formula (I):
Rl_p_(_A_p_)m_R2 ... (I)
wherein Rl and R2 each represent hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group
having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, A represents an alkylene group having 2 to 8
carbon atoms, m represents an integer of 1 or greater and, when m
represents an integer of 2 or greater, a plurality of groups represented by
A may be a same with or different from each other;
(4) A lubricating oil composition described in any of (1) to (3), wherein
base oil component 2 is at least one component selected from a component
represented by general formula (II):
R3-O-(-A'-U-)n-R4 ... (II)
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wherein R3 and R4 each represent hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group
having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, A' represents an alkylene group having 2 to 8
carbon atoms, n represents an integer of 1 or greater and, when n
represents an integer of 2 or greater, a plurality of groups represented by
A' may be a same with or different from each other; and a component
represented by general formula (III):
R~ R8
Rs_(_C-C_~ _Rs
R9 O
R1o
~~ (III)
wherein R5 to R9 each represent hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group
having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, Rl~ represents a hydrocarbon group having 1
to 8 carbon atoms, p represents an integer of 1 or greater and, when p
represents an integer of 2 or greater, a plurality of groups represented by
each of R5 to Rl~ may be a same with or different from each other; and
(5) A lubricating oil composition described in any of (1) to (4), wherein a
ratio of an amount by weight of base oil component 1 to an amount by
weight of base oil component 2 is in a range of 10:90 to 90:10.
THE MOST PREFERRED EMBODIMENT TO CARRY OUT THE
INVENTION
The present invention will be described in more detail.
The present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition for
refrigerators which comprises base oil component 1 having a kinematic
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viscosity of 3 mm2/s or smaller at 100°C and a viscosity index smaller
than 250 and base oil component 2 having a kinematic viscosity of 25
mm2/s or greater at 100°C and a viscosity index smaller than 250 and
has
a viscosity index of 250 or greater.
As base oil component 1 having a kinematic viscosity of 3 mm2/s or
smaller at 100°C and a viscosity index smaller than 250, for example, a
polyalkylene glycol, a polyvinyl ether, a polyol ester or a polycarbonate
having a kinematic viscosity in the above range can be used singly or in
combination of two or more. In the present invention, a polyalkylene
glycol is preferable among the above compounds due to the great viscosity
index.
When base oil component 1 has a kinematic viscosity exceeding 3
mm2/s, the obtained lubricating oil composition has a great kinematic
viscosity at low temperatures and the viscosity index decreases.
Therefore, such a base oil component is not preferable. In the present
invention, it is more preferable that base oil component 1 has a kinematic
viscosity of 2.5 mm2/s or smaller.
It is preferable that the lubricating oil composition of the present
invention comprises base oil component 1 in an amount of 10 to 90°/ by
weight, more preferably 20 to 85°/ by weight and most preferably 30 to
80°/ by weight. When the amount is less than the above range,
occasionally, the kinematic viscosity of the obtained lubricating oil
composition at low temperatures increases and the viscosity index
decreases. When the amount exceeds the above range, occasionally, it
becomes difficult that the suitable kinematic viscosity is maintained.
As base oil component 2 which is used in combination with base oil
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component 1 and has a kinematic viscosity of 25 mm2/s or greater at
100°C and a viscosity index smaller than 250, for example, a
polyalkylene
glycol, a polyvinyl ether, a polyol ester or a polycarbonate having a
kinematic viscosity in the above range can be used singly or in
combination of two or more. In the present invention, a polyalkylene
glycol is preferable among the above compounds due to the great viscosity
index.
When base oil component 2 has a kinematic viscosity of 25 mm2/s or
greater, the kinematic viscosity of the obtained lubricating oil composition
at low temperatures can be suppressed at a small value and the viscosity
index can be kept great. In the present invention, from the above
standpoint, it is more preferable that base oil component 2 has a
kinematic viscosity of 30 mm2/s or greater and more preferably 40 mm2/s
or greater at 100°C.
In the present invention, it is preferable that the difference between
kinematic viscosities of base oil component 1 and base oil component 2 is
25 mm2/s or greater at 100°C. When this difference is smaller than 25
mm2/s, occasionally, the object of the present invention is not achieved
since the kinematic viscosity of the obtained lubricating oil composition
increases at low temperatures and the viscosity index decreases. From
the above standpoint, it is more preferable that the difference between
kinematic viscosities of base oil component 1 and base oil component 2 is
30 mm2/s or greater and most preferably 40 mm2/s or greater at 100°C.
It is preferable that the lubricating oil composition of the present
invention comprises base oil component 2 in an amount of 10 to 90% by
weight, more preferably 15 to 80% by weight and most preferably 20 to
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70°/ by weight. When the amount is less than the above range,
occasionally, it becomes difficult that the suitable kinematic viscosity is
maintained at high temperatures. When the amount exceeds the above
range, occasionally, the kinematic viscosity of the obtained lubricating oil
composition at low temperatures increases and the viscosity index
decreases.
In the lubricating oiI composition for refrigerators of the present
invention, it is preferable that the ratio of the amount by weight of base
oil component 1 to the amount by weight of base oil component 2 is in the
range of 10:90 to 90:10, more preferably 20:80 to 85:15 and most
preferably 30:70 to 80:20 from the standpoint of achieving the object of the
present invention.
In the present invention, when a polyalkylene glycol is used as the
base oil component, it is preferable that a low viscosity component
represented by the above general formula (I) and having a kinematic
viscosity of 3 mm2/s or smaller at 100°C and a viscosity index smaller
than 250 is used as base oil component 1 and that a high viscosity
component represented by the above general formula (II) and/or a high
viscosity component represented by the above general formula (III), both
having a kinematic viscosity of 25 mm2/s or greater and a viscosity index
smaller than 250, is used as base oil component 2 in combination with
base oil component 1.
In general formula (I), R1 and R2 each represent hydrogen atom or
a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Examples of the
hydrocarbon group include alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, alkynyl groups,
cycloalkyl groups, aryl groups and aralkyl groups. In the present
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invention, alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methyl group,
ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, allyl group, n-butyl group
and isobutyl group are preferable.
A represents an alkylene group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
Preferable examples of the alkylene group include methylene group,
ethylene group, propylene group and butylene group.
m represents an integer of 1 or greater, preferably 2 or greater and
more preferably 3 to 6. When m represents an integer of 2 or greater, a
plurality of groups represented by A may be the same with or different
from each other. Examples of the component represented by general
formula (I) in which a plurality of groups represented by A are different
from each other include components comprising ethylene group and
propylene group in amounts such that the ratio of the amount of ethylene
group to the amount of propylene group is in the range of 0:100 to 50:50.
In general formula (II), R3 and R4 each represent hydrogen atom or
a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Examples of the
hydrocarbon group include alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, alkynyl groups,
cycloalkyl groups, aryl groups and aralkyl groups. In the present
invention, alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methyl group,
ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, allyl group, n-butyl group
and isobutyl group are preferable.
A' represents an alkylene group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
Preferable examples of the alkylene group include methylene group,
ethylene group, propylene group and butylene group.
n represents an integer of 1 or greater, preferably 30 or greater and
more preferably 35 to 60. When n represents an integer of 2 or greater, a
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plurality of groups represented by A' may be the same with or different
from each other. Examples of the component represented by general
formula (II) in which a plurality of groups represented by A' are different
from each other include components comprising ethylene group and
propylene group in amounts such that the ratio of the amount of ethylene
group to the amount of propylene group is in the range of 0:100 to 50:50.
In general formula (III), R5 to R9 each represent hydrogen atom or
a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Examples of the
hydrocarbon group include alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, alkynyl groups,
cycloalkyl groups, aryl groups and aralkyl groups. In the present
invention, hydrogen atom and alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
such as methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group,
n-butyl group and isobutyl group are preferable.
Rl~ represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
Examples of the hydrocarbon group include alkyl groups, alkenyl groups,
alkynyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, aryl groups and aralkyl groups. In the
present invention, alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methyl
group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group and
isobutyl group are preferable.
p represents an integer of 1 or greater, preferably 25 or greater and
more preferably 30 to 50. When p represents an integer of 2 or greater, a
plurality of groups represented by each of R5 to Rlo may be the same with
or different from each other.
In the present invention, the above compound represented by
general formula (II) and the above compound represented by general
formula (III) may be used in combination with the above compound
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represented by general formula (I) singly or as a combination of these
compounds.
The lubricating oil composition for refrigerators of the present
invention has a viscosity index of 250 or greater. When the viscosity
index is smaller than 250, there is a drawback in that the loss in torque at
the start of refrigerators of automobile air conditioners increases and a
lubricating oil composition having such a viscosity index is not preferable.
From this standpoint, it is preferable that the viscosity index is 260 or
greater.
It is preferable that the lubricating oil composition for refrigerator
of the present invention has a kinematic viscosity of 5 to 35 mm2/s, more
preferably 5.5 to 25 mm2/s and most preferably 6 to 15 mm2/s at 100°C
from the standpoint of maintaining the suitable kinematic viscosity at
high temperatures and also from the object of the present invention.
As described above, the lubricating oil composition for refrigerator
of the present invention comprises base oil component 1 and base oil
component 2 which is used in combination with base oil component I.
Where desired, the lubricating oil composition for refrigerators of the
present invention may further comprise various additives conventionally
used for lubricating oils such as load carrying additives, chlorine
scavengers, antioxidants, metal inactivators, defoaming agents, detergent
dispersants, viscosity index improvers, oiliness agents, antiwear additives,
extreme pressure agents, rust preventives, corrosion inhibitors and pour
point improvers as long as the object of the present invention is not
adversely affected.
The lubricating oil composition for refrigerators of the present
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invention can be advantageously used in combination with
hydrofluorocarbon-based refrigerants having the ozonosphere destruction
potential of zero or so-called natural substance-based refrigerants such as
carbon dioxide, ammonia and hydrocarbons having small global warming
potential. When the composition is used as the lubricating oil for
refrigerators of automobile air conditioners such as automobile air
conditioners of the clutchless type, the lubricating oil composition can
contribute to the decrease in the energy since the loss in torque at low
temperatures can be decreased.
As described in detail in the above, in accordance with the present
invention, the lubricating oil composition for refrigerators which has a
suitable kinematic viscosity at high temperatures and a small kinematic
viscosity at low temperatures, i.e., has a great viscosity index, can be
provided. The lubricating oil composition for refrigerators can be
advantageously used for hydrofluorocarbon-based refrigerants having the
ozonosphere destruction potential of zero or so-called natural
substance-based refrigerants such as carbon dioxide, ammonia and
hydrocarbons having small global warming potential. When the
composition is used as the lubricating oil for refrigerators of automobile
air conditioners such as automobile air conditioners of the clutchless type,
the lubricating oil composition can contribute to the decrease in the
energy since the loss in torque at low temperatures can be decreased.
The present invention will be described more specifically with
reference to examples in the following.
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Examples 1 to 16 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6
Lubricating oil compositions containing components shown in Table
1 were prepared and the kinematic viscosity and the viscosity index of the
prepared lubricating oil compositions were measured. The results are
shown in Table 1.
The kinematic viscosity was measured in accordance with the
method of Japanese Industrial Standard K2283 and the viscosity index
was measured in accordance with the method of Japanese Industrial
Standard K2284.
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Table 1
Base oil Base oil Ratio of Kinematic viscosity Viscosity
component component amounts of composition (mm2/s) index
1 2 -30°C 40°C 100°C
Example P-1 Q-1 55:45 2800 40.47 10.49 262
1
Example P-1 Q-1 58:42 2400 36.02 9.531 265
2
Example P-1 Q-1 70:30 1200 22.47 6.405 265
3
Example P-1 Q-2 50:50 3200 43.87 11.30 263
4
Example P-1 Q-2 53:47 2600 39.32 10.31 265
Example P-1 Q-2 56:44 2200 35.13 9.39 268
6
Example P-1 Q-2 70:30 1100 20.53 5.96 268
7
Example P-2 Q-1 50:50 3400 52.15 13.34 267
8
Example P-2 Q-1 60:40 2300 36.42 9.901 275
9
Example P-2 Q-1 70:30 1300 25.07 7.230 280
Example P-2 Q-2 50:50 3400 48.47 12.52 267
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Example P-2 Q-2 60:40 2000 34.32 9.358 274
12
Example P-2 Q-2 70:30 1200 23.96 6.897 276
13
Example P-2 Q-3 50:50 2600 38.79 10.20 265
14
Example P-2 Q-3 60:40 1600 28.40 7.855 270
Example P-2 Q-4 75.25 3400 47.01 11.90 260
16
ComparativeP-3 Q-1 60:40 10000 66.33 14.55 231
Example
1
ComparativeP-3 Q-1 70:30 6200 49.78 11.38 231
Example
2
ComparativeP-3 Q-1 80:20 4200 49.78 8.760 230
Example
3
ComparativeP-3 Q-2 60:40 7000 58.51 13.36 237
Example
4
ComparativeP-3 Q-2 70:30 5000 44.57 10.53 238
Example
5
ComparativeP-3 Q-2 80:20 3600 33.87 8.234 232
Example
6
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P-1: A component represented by general formula (I) in which R1 and R2
each represent CH3 and A represents C3H6 (the kinematic viscosity
at 40°C: 5.617 mm2/s; the kinematic viscosity at 100°C: 1.936
mm2/s; the viscosity index: 141).
P-2: A component represented by general formula (I) in which Rl and R2
each represent CHg and A represents C2H4 and CgHg present in
relative amounts of 1:1 (the kinematic viscosity at 40°C: 7.041
mm2/s; the kinematic viscosity at 100°C: 2.387 mm2/s; the viscosity
index: 185).
P-3: A component represented by general formula (I) in which Rl and R2
each represent CH3 and A represents CgHg (the kinematic viscosity
at 40°C: 18.71 mm2/s; the kinematic viscosity at 100°C: 4.825
mm2/s; the viscosity index: 197).
Q-1: A component represented by general formula (II) in which R3 and
R4 each represent CHg and A' represents CgHs (the kinematic
viscosity at 40°C: 302.4 mm2/s; the kinematic viscosity at
100°C:
52.12 mm2/s; the viscosity index: 238).
Q-2: A component represented by general formula (II) in which R3 and
R4 each represent CHg and A' represents C2H4 and CgHs present in
relative amounts of 1:1 (the kinematic viscosity at 40°C: 247.3
mm2/s; the kinematic viscosity at 100°C: 47.14 mm2/s; the viscosity
index: 249).
Q-3: A component represented by general formula (II) in which R3 and
R4 each represent CH3 and A' represents C2H4 and C3Hg present in
relative amounts of 1:1 (the kinematic viscosity at 40°C: 171.0
mm2/s; the kinematic viscosity at 100°C: 33.96 mm2/s; the viscosity
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index: 245 ).
~-4: A component represented by general formula (III) in which R5, R6,
R7, R$ and Rs each represent H and Rl~ represents C2H~ (the
kinematic viscosity at 40°C: 65000 mm2ls; the kinematic viscosity
at 100°C: 500 mm2ls; the viscosity index: 90).
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
The lubricating oil composition for refrigerators of the present
invention can be advantageously used in combination with
hydrofluorocarbon-based refrigerants having the ozonosphere destruction
potential of zero or so-called natural substance-based refrigerants such as
carbon dioxide, ammonia and hydrocarbons having small global warming
potential. When the composition is used as the lubricating oil for
refrigerators of automobile air conditioners such as automobile air
conditioners of the clutchless type, the lubricating oil composition can
contribute to the decrease in the energy since the loss in torque at low
temperatures can be decreased.
