Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
CA 02412867 2002-12-12
RECYCLE SYSTEM FOR WORTHLESS OR USELESS MATERIAL
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a recycle system for worthless or
useless material.
Background Art
There are several kinds of natural wood (worthless, useless or
unnecessary materials), such as waste wood pieces in a crescent or other
shapes which are left during manufacturing constructional wood materials,
and driftwood or lumbers from thinning which accumulate in a dam or the
like. Because of the economical problem, such unnecessary natural wood
materials are seldom used to be carbonized (thermally decomposed or by
pyrolysis) to produce charcoal or the like, but mainly chipped for
papermaking and burned away.
In addition, there are other types of constructional waste materials
(worthless, useless or unnecessary materials) to which non-natural
substances such as adhesive and paint are adhered. These constructional
waste materials are not used in manufacturing charcoal and the like by
carbonization (thermal decomposition or pyrolysis) because of the
economical problem and the problem of the danger of the vaporized
components from the non-natural substances.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a recycle
system for worthless, useless or unnecessary materials which can reduce the
cost compared with conventional systems.
CA 02412867 2002-12-12
Summary of the Invention
In order to solve the above problems, in a recycle system for
worthless, useless or unnecessary material according to the present
invention, a carbonized component is obtained by thermal decomposition of
worthless, useless or unnecessary material, and a vaporized gaseous
component from the unnecessary material is cooled and liquefied, and the
cooled and liquefied component is fractionated and a useful substance is
taken out therefrom.
According to this recycle system, a substance, which is taken out
after fractionating the cooled and liquefied component, as well as the
carbonized component obtained by thermally decomposing the unnecessary
material, can be reused as useful substances. Namely, the vaporized
component, the disposal processing of which has been a troublesome issue,
can be made usable.
In addition, since the vaporized component generated at the time of
pyrolysis of the unnecessary material is cooled and liquefied, it is not
necessary to install a secondary flue gas incineration equipment for
incinerating the vaporized component, and hence the cost of a facility of a
carbonizing system can be lowered.
The unnecessary material can be carbonized by, for example, dry
distillation.
The fractionation includes, for example, temperature fractional
distillation and chemical fractional distillation. Temperature fractional
distillation using a rectifying tower or by means of vacuum distillation,
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atmospheric distillation and pressure distillation, fractional distillation
using supercriticality, fractional distillation using chemical substance or
combinations of any of them can be used. A temperature at which a
liquefied component is fractionated may be set depending on its availability
and economical efficiency.
One example of worthless, useless or unnecessary materials is
natural wood material including waste wood pieces in a crescent or other
shapes which are left during manufacturing constructional wood materials,
and driftwood or lumbers from thinning which accumulate in a dam or the
like. Carbide obtained from the unnecessary wood material can be used as
charcoal, and wood vinegar (or pyroligneous acid) and wood tar oil obtained
by cooling and liquefying the vaporized component are fractionated and
refined to be made use of as useful substances. The cooling/liquefying
temperature can be set, for example, about -20~C to 90°rC.
Another example of worthless, useless or unnecessary materials is
constructional waste material in which a non-natural substance such as
adhesive or paint is adhered to a wood component. A carbonized substance
from the constructional waste material can be used as charcoal, and its
vaporized component is fractionated and inherently useful substance such
as pyroligneous acid or wood tar oil can be taken out therefrom. At the
time of the fractionation, impurities and dangerous or hazardous substances
are also produced from the vaporized component, but these impurities and
dangerous substances are refined to be usable as pure substances. The
cooling/liquefying temperature can be set, for example, about -20~C to 90~.
Furthermore, another example of worthless, useless or unnecessary
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materials is a synthetic resin material (plastic waste material or the like).
Similarly, from the unnecessary synthetic resin material, a carbonized
component and other useful substances can be obtained.
Simple cooling methods at the time of liquefaction include, for
example, showering the liquefied component itself and using a simple baffle
plate or the like.
Further, a less liquefiable vaporized component may be refluxed so as
to be used as a heat source for thermal decomposition of the carbonized
component. With such a structure, the less liquefiable vaporized
component can be made a fuel for thermally decomposing the wood
component, and the safety of the less liquefiable vaporized component can
be secured by high temperature calcination.
From the above-mentioned recycle system, a carbonized component
can be obtained and other useful substances can be taken out.
Brief Description of the Drawings
Fig. 1 is a system diagram showing a recycle system of worthless,
useless or unnecessary material according to Embodiment 1 of the present
invention and
Fig. 2 is a system diagram showing a recycle system of worthless,
useless or unnecessary material according to Embodiment 2 of the present
invention.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments
In a recycle system according to Embodiment 1 of the present
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invention, natural wood such as waste wood pieces in a crescent or other
shapes which are made during manufacturing constructional wood
materials, and driftwood or lumbers from thinning which accumulate in a
dam or the like are used as unnecessary materials.
Fig. 1 shows the recycle system of Embodiment 1. In this system,
the unnecessary material is conveyed from an unnecessary material storage
yard 11, through a conveyor 12, a crusher 13, a conveyor 14, a dryer 15 and
a silo 16, and put into a carbonizing furnace 1. In this embodiment, a
rotary kiln carbonizing furnace 1 is used. Numeral 17 denotes an
actuating burner. Carbon components are collected from the carbonizing
furnace 1 into a charcoal silo 18, while metal substances are sorted out by a
magnetic separator 19 and collected into a metal silo 20.
The vaporized component is collected in a water cooling capacitor 2.
The water cooling capacitor 2 is connected with a cooling tower 21 and a
cooling water pump 22. Numeral 23 denotes a gas air heater and numeral
24 denotes a drying fan. The cooled and liquefied component is transferred
through a cyclone 25, a gas seal tank 26, a liquefied component tank 27 and
a liquid feeding pump 28 to a still pot 3 arid is received in a rectifying
tower
4 and then fractional distillation receiving tanks 5.
According to this system, a wood type unnecessary material is
thermally decomposed in the rotary kiln carbonizing furnace 1 by dry
distillation, and thereby a carbonized component is obtained. The
vaporized component from the unnecessary material is cooled and liquefied
in the water cooling capacitor 2 at the liquefying/cooling temperature of
about -20°C to 90~ . The cooled and liquefied component is
CA 02412867 2002-12-12
temperature-fractionated from the still pot 3 to the rectifying tower 4 and
usable substances are taken out into the fractional distillation receiving
tanks 5.
The carbide obtained from the wood type unnecessary material can
be made charcoal. Moreover, pyroligneous acid and wood tar oil which are
obtained by cooling and liquefying the vaporized component from the
unnecessary material are fractionated and refined to produce useful
substances. Namely, the recycle system of unnecessary material stated
above can provide not only the carbonized component but also the useful
substances.
According to this recycle system, not only the carbonized component
obtained by thermally decomposing the unnecessary material, but also the
substances taken out from the vaporized component after cooling, liquefying
and fractionating are recycled and reused as useful substances. As a result,
this system enables a lower cost recycling as a whole compared with
conventional systems.
Up to the present, in case of producing charcoal from natural wood
or constructional waste material, for the purpose of pollution prevention, it
is required to provide a secondary flue gas incineration equipment to a
charcoal pot such as a carbonizing furnace in order to incinerate the
vaporized component. This requirement causes to increase the cost.
However, in the embodiment of the present invention, since the vaporized
component at the time of thermal decomposition (pyrolysis) of the
unnecessary materials is cooled and liquefied, a secondary flue gas
incineration equipment for incinerating the vaporized component is not
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necessary. Therefore, the present invention has advantages of lowering the
cost of the facility of the carbonizing system and effective use of the
vaporized component which has been causing troubles of disposal.
Further, the less liquefiable vaporized component is refluxed to the
carbonizing furnace 1 by means of an inducing fan 6 or the like, and used as
an externally supplied fuel for thermally decomposing a wood component at
the time of producing a carbonized component. Calcination of the less
liquefiable vaporized component at a high temperature can guarantee the
safety of the vaporized component.
Embodiment 2 of the present invention is described below mainly in
conjunction with differences from Embodiment 1.
As worthless, useless or unnecessary material, a constructional
waste material in which non-natural substances such as adhesive and paint
are adhered to a wood component is used. From the constructional waste
material, charcoal and other substances such as pyroligneous acid and wood
tar oil are respectively taken out, and impurities or dangerous or hazardous
substances are taken out separately.
Fig. 2 shows Embodiment 2. Similarly to Embodiment 1, the
constructional waste material is carried to the rotary kiln carbonizing
furnace 1 and thermally decomposed therein by dry distillation, and thereby
a carbonized component is obtained. On the other hand, different from
Embodiment 1, the vaporized component from the constructional waste
material is cooled and liquefied by showering in a washing capacitor 2' at a
cooling/liquefying temperature of about -20~ to 90~:. The washing
capacitor 2' is connected to an air cooling device 31. The cooled and
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liquefied component is temperature-fractionated from the still pot 3 to the
rectifying tower 4. Inherently useful substances such as pyroligneous acid
and wood tar oil, impurities, and dangerous or hazardous substances are
respectively taken out into the fractional distillation receiving tanks 5. The
impurities and substances are refined to be made usable as the pure
substances.
Another example of simple cooling method is using a simple baffle
plate and the like.
In addition to the above-mentioned worthless, useless or
unnecessary materials, there is another example such as a synthetic resin
material (plastic waste material or the like). The carbonized component
and the useful substances can be similarly obtained from the synthetic resin
material. Moreover, the system according to Embodiment 1, 2, or the
equivalent system thereof can be applicable regardless of types of worthless,
useless or unnecessary materials.
Industrial Applicability
The present invention has the above-mentioned structure. A
carbonized component can be obtained at a low cost from worthless, useless
or unnecessary materials such as natural wood, constructional waste
materials and plastic waste materials and the unnecessary materials can be
reused as charcoal or the like. Moreover, the vaporized component from
the unnecessary material is cooled, liquefied and fractionated, and useable
substances other than the carbonized component can be taken out therefrom
and reused. Also even hazardous substances or the like taken out
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therefrom are refined into pure substances and can be made reusable.
Therefore, the present invention can provide a preferable recycle system of
worthless, useless or unnecessary materials.
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