Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
CA 02420761 2003-03-03
SEAMLESS DOOR AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURE
FIELD OF INVENTION
This invention relates doors and methods of their manufacture.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Rail and stile doors are widely used in the building and cabinet industries.
Generally a rail and stile door is comprised of three components: rails,
stiles
and a centre panel. The rails form the horizontal portions of the doors and
the
stiles form the vertical portions of the doors. Additional horizontal and
vertical
rails are required for doors with multiple panels.
During manufacture, the rails and stiles may be processed by a machine,
such as a soft former, which manufactures grooves on the inside edges of the
stiles and rails while a double-end tennoner machines a cope on the ends of
the rails. The copes on the rails fit into the patterns comprising the groves
on
the stiles for connecting the two components together. Glue may then be
applied to the intersecting portions of the stiles and rails, and the pieces
assembled together as a frame around center panel. The center panel, as
well as the stiles and rails, are traditionally held in place with staples to
provide strength while the glue cures.
Traditional rail and stile doors have suffered several disadvantages. First,
traditional rail and stile doors, while strong, are susceptible to cracks at
joints
when subjected to climatic changes. Second, the manufacturing process is
labour intensive and expense. Although machines may be used to perform
some of the processes used in forming a raised panel door, many processes
are performed by hand. Third, traditional rail and stile doors are also costly
to
manufacture since they are typically constructed with solid wood. It is
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increasingly becoming more difficult to find wood without blemishes such as
knots and with consistent colour and graining.
One cheaper alternative material for door construction which has become of
increasing interest is medium density fiberboard ("MDF"), a man-made
processed wood product. For many years, MDF has been used as a
construction material for smaller, lightweight items such as cabinet doors.
However, MDF alone has not been used in the construction of either interior
or exterior doors since a single door-size piece of MDF lacks the necessary
rigidity and strength of solid wood.
Methods exist which combine MDF with other materials in an attempt to make
a suitable replacement for a solid wood rail and stile door. Typically these
methods employ a particle board core, softwood edge banding and a
hardboard face veneer. In construction, the particle board core is cut to form
a frame to receive MDF panels and moulding. Alternatively, a desired raised
panel profile can be cut directly into the particle board core and the design
topped with MDF. However, as with traditional wood rail and stile doors,
these doors also suffer numerous disadvantages. MDF/particle board doors
can suffer structural problems since MDF and particle board have different
structural qualities and can react to climatic changes in different ways, thus
causing cracks to appear at the seams between the materials. The
construction of MDF/particle board doors can also be labour intensive,
involving a large number of assembly steps. For example, particle board
ZS tends to flake when cut therefore requiring the additional step of capping
cut
surfaces.
Thus an improved door and method of manufacturing doors is needed for the
manufacturing of doors which are inexpensive, easy to assemble and have
improved structural properties over prior art wood doors.
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Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved
door and a method of manufacturing the same, which is cost effective and has
the minimum number of assembly steps.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved door and
a
method of manufacturing the same, which requires the minimum amount of
solid wood components.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved door and
a
method of manufacturing the same, which has no joint seams and as such is
not susceptible to damage due to climatic changes.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved door and
a
method of manufacturing the same, which can be adapted to have the
appearance of a traditional rail and stile door.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, there is provided a door
comprising: a core composed of processed wood product having a front
surface, a back surface, a top surface, a bottom surface, and side surfaces,
wherein the processed wood product is a grade suitable for routering without
chip out.
In an embodiment of the invention, the door further comprises: a plurality of
vertical members having a top surface, a bottom surface; and side surfaces
and being at least the same height and thickness as the core; and wherein a
side surface of one vertical member is attached to a side surface of the core;
a plurality of horizontal members having a top surface, a bottom surface; and
side surfaces and being at least the same width and thickness as the core;
and wherein one horizontal member is attached to the top surface of the core
and one horizontal member is attached to the bottom surface of the core.
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In a further embodiment of the invention, the door further comprises: a first
sheet of veneer and a second sheet of veneer being at least the same height
as the core and being at least the same width as the combined width of the
core and the vertical members and wherein the first sheet of veneer is fixed
to
the front surface of the core and the front surface of the vertical members
and
the front surface of the horizontal members and wherein the second sheet of
veneer is fixed to the back surface of the core and back surtaces of the
vertical members and the back surface of the horizontal members.
lU
The invention also provides a method of manufacturing a door comprising:
providing a core composed of processed wood product said core having a
front surface, a back surface and side surfaces wherein said processed wood
product is a grade suitable for routering without chip out; providing an
1 S engraving tool; and using the engraving tool to engrave a predetermined
design into a surface of the door.
In an embodiment of the invention, the methad of manufacturing a door, prior
to using the engraving tool, further comprises the steps of: providing a
plurality of vertical members having a front surface, a back surface and side
surfaces; attaching a side surface of one verrtical member to a side surface
of
the core; providing a plurality of horizontal members having a front surface,
a
back surface and side surfaces; attaching the bottom surface of one
horizontal member to the top surface of the core; attaching the top surface of
25 one horizontal surface to the bottom surface of the core; providing a first
sheet
of veneer; gluing said first sheet of veneer the front surface of the core and
the front surface of the vertical members and the front surface of the
horizontal members; providing a second sheet of veneer; gluing the second
sheet of veneer to the back surface of the core and the back surface of the
vertical members and the back surtace of the horizontal members to form a
door assembly having a front surface, a back surface, a top surface, a bottom
surface, and side surfaces; providing edging; gluing said edging to the top
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surface, the bottom surface and the side surfaces of the door assembly;
providing a hydraulic press; applying pressure to the door assembly using the
hydraulic press; providing an engraving tool; and using the engraving tool to
engrave a predetermined design into a surface of the door.
S
In an embodiment of the invention provides a method of manufacturing a door
further comprising engraving a desired design in the back surface of the door.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of
example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIGURE 1 is a front perspective view of the door assembly, partly cut away;
IS
FIGURE 2 is front perspective view of the core and stiles;
FIGURE 3 is a bottom, cross sectional view of the door assembly, partly cut
away;
?0
FIGURE 4 is a bottom, cross sectional view of the door assembly, with the
edging on the bottom surface partly cut away; and
FIGURE 5 is a front view of the door assembly, with the front surface
?5 engraved.
FIGURE 5A is a side, cross sectional view of the door assembly, with the front
surface engraved.
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The invention is a seamless door and a method of manufacturing the same.
Referring to Figures 1,2, and 3 the invention provides a seamless door 10
comprising: a core 20 composed of a processed wood product, vertical
members 30 and 40, horizontal members 50 and 52, a first sheet of veneer
60, a second sheet of veneer 62 and edging 70, 72, 74 and 76. The
components comprising the seamless door 10 are described in greater detail
below.
The invention also provides a method for manufacturing a seamless door 10.
The first step of the invention is the provision of a core 20 as shown in
Figure
2, composed of a suitable processed wood product such as medium density
fibre board (MDF). In a preferred embodiment, the core 20 is composed of
Ranger Board TM (available from West Timber Fraser Co, Ltd.) or another
superior MDF. It will be appreciated that other superior quality brands of MDF
can also be used.
Two important characteristics of processed wood products such as MDF are
density and internal bond: Together these two characteristic describe a
product's structural strength. Density in the context of processed wood
products is the amount of wood substance enclosed within the boundaries of
the wood-plus-voids complex. Density is generally expressed in pounds per
~5 cubic foot (pcf). A heavier product will generally be stronger than a
lighter
product. Internal bond is a measure of a material's integrity illustrating how
durable the material is bonded together. Internal bond is generally expressed
in pounds per square inch (psi) and represents the force perpendicular to the
panel surfaces required to pull a standard test sample apart.
c>
Typically standard MDF (i.e. MDF constructed in accordance with the
minimum standards set by the American National Standards Institutes), will
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have a density between 31 and 55 pcf (496-880 kg/m3) with the average
density generally being 40 pounds pcf (640 kglm3) and the average internal
bond of 80 psi (552 kPa). In comparison, Ranger Board T"" MDF is
significantly stronger. In terms of density, Ranger Board TM type MDF is
substantially denser having a density ranging between 47 and 52 pcf (752-
832 kg/m3) depending on the thickness of the board. Ranger Board TM can
withstand greater applications of force compared with other types of MDF
having an internal bond ranging between 110-130 psi (759-897 kPa). Ranger
Board TM is also superior in terms of its ability to hold screws. Standard MDF
typicially have a screw holding face value of 300 pounds (136 kg) and a screw
holding edge value of 225 pounds (102 kg) whereas Ranger Board T"" has a
screw holding face value of 315 to 325 pounds (142-147 kg) and a screwing
holding edge value of 300 pounds (136 kg).
1 ~ The core 20 can be cut from sheets of Ranger Board T"" MDF or any other
suitable MDF using any suitable type of saw as known in the prior art.
Preferably the core 20 will have a density between 40 and 70 pcf (640-1121
kg/m3), more preferably between 50 and 55 pcf (800-880 kg/m3). Preferably
the core 20 will have an internal bond of between 90 and 150 psi (621-1035
kPa) and more preferably between 100-130 psi (690-897 kPa), or more
preferably between 110 and 120 psi (759-828 kPa). A core with these
qualities can be routered without chip out, thus no filling or sanding is
required
after routering.
The dimensions of the core 20 will depend on the desired dimensions of the
completed door 10. Typically the core 20 will be between 80"and 96" (200-
240 cm) high, 18" and 36" (45-90 cm) wide and have a thickness of 1 3/8" to
2 1 /4" (3.45-5.6 cm).
~0 Numerous advantages are incurred with the use of properly selected MDF
such as Ranger Board T"". In comparison with solid wood, MDF is more
readily available and as such is less costly. In comparison with particle
board
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or chipboard, properly selected MDF can be cut or routered into intricate
designs without chipping or flaking. MDF is omni-directional, so that if the
right qualities and standards are selected, it can be shaped and finished
without grain and pitting problems associated with solid lumber or particle
board. It provides a more stable core, less affected by climate. It has a
superior surface for painting and laminating. There is no end porous
structure. The random fiber orientation eliminates warping while increasing
the strength and impact resistance.
The next step in the manufacture of the seamless door is the provision of
vertical members 30 and 40 and horizontal members 50 and 52 as shown in
Figure 2. The height and thickness of the vertical members 30 and 40 are at
least same as the height and thickness of the core 20. Typically the vertical
members 30 and 40 will be 1 1/4" to 2" (3.1-5.0 cm) wide. The width and
thickness of the horizontal members are at least the same as the width and
thickness of the core 20. Any overhangs can be trimmed at a later point.
The verticals members 30 and 40 and horizontal members 50 and 52 are
composed of a suitable material, preferably solid wood such as finger jointed
pine. The vertical members 30 and 40 and horizontal members 50 and 52
bolster the structural integrity of the MDF core 20. The vertical members 30
and 40 and horizontal members 50 and 52 provide strength and rigidity to the
completed door 10 with the minimum amount of solid wood. The vertical
members 30 and 40 also provide a suitable medium for the ease of
?5 attachment of hardware such as hinges, door knobs and locks.
Next, the vertical members 30 and 40 and the horizontal members 50 and 52
are respectively aligned with the vertical and horizontal surfaces the core 20
such that the outer edges of the vertical members 30 and 40, the horizontal
members 50 and 52 and the core 20 are substantially flush as shown in
Figure 2. The vertical members 30 and 40, the horizontal members 50 and 52
and the core 20 are then bonded together with any suitable adhesive as
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known in the prior art to form the door interior 15. It is unnecessary to use
joints or fasteners to attach the either the vertical members 30 and 40 or the
horizontal members 50 and 52 to the core 20.
Now referring to Figures 3 and 4, the next step is the provision of a first
sheet
of veneer 60. The first sheet of veneer 60 will have a height and width at
least
equal to the height and width of the door interior 15. The thickness of the
first
sheet of veneer 50 will typically be 1/8t" "(3 mm).
The first sheet of veneer 60 is composed of either wood or synthetic
materials. Preferably, a wood veneer such as hard board can be used. It will
be appreciated that other types of veneer can be used such as masonite.
The first sheet of veneer 60 is aligned with the door interior 15 and glued to
the front surfiace of the door interior 15 using any suitable adhesive as
known
in the prior art.
The next step is the provision of a second sheet of veneer 62. The
dimensions and composition of the second sheet of veneer 62 are
substantially the same as for the first sheet of veneer 60.
Next, the second sheet of veneer 62 is aligned with the door interior15 and
glued in the same fashion as for the first sheet of veneer 60, to the back
surface of the door interior 15 to form a laminated door assembly.
Since the veneer 60 and 62 covers the door interior 15, it is unnecessary to
match the colour and grain patterns of the materials comprising the core 20,
the vertical members 30 and 40, and the horizontal members 50 and 52. The
veneer 60 and 62 also provides an easily finished surface accepting both
s0 paint and stain.
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Referring to Figures 1 and 4, the next step in the manufacture of the seamless
door is the provision of edging 70, 72, 74, 76. Typically the edging 70, 72,
74,
76 will be 1'/4 " (3.1 cm) wide and have a thickness between 1'/4 and a 1'/2
inch (3.1- 3.8 cm). The edging is mounted to the peripheral surfaces of the
door interior 15 and glued to all 4 sides in distinct pieces. Alternatively,
where
the appearance of a wooden door is not necessary, the use of edging can be
restricted to the top and bottom surfaces of the door interior 15.
The edging 70, 72, 74, 76 is composed of a suitable material, preferably solid
wood such as pine. The edge banding 70, 72, 74, and 76 can be connected
together via finger joints such that the peripheral surfaces of the completed
door 10 are seamless.
The use of edging increases the strength and integrity of the completed door
1 > 10. The use of edging composed of wood also allows for ease of finishing
the
door 10 with either paint or stain and ease of attaching door hardware such as
hinges.
The next step is to place the door 10 in a hydraulic press. Pressure is
applied
?o to the door using a hydraulic press and typically the door 10 will be
allowed to
cure for 90 minutes.
Once the door is cured, any rough edges can be removed and squared with a
double end tennoner. The door 10 is now complete. The completed door 10
25 has no joints and no visible seams. As such, the completed door 10 is
structurally superior to traditional rail and stile doors since there are no
joints
which can crack in response to changes in atmospheric conditions. The lack
of seams also results in a completed door 10 which is aesthetically pleasing.
30 The invention also provides a method of manufacturing a seamless door
which can mimic the raised panel appearance of traditional rail and stile
doors. Once the door 10 is cured and any rough edges removed, a computer
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numeric router (CNC router) is provided and the door 10 positioned in the
CNC router.
Next, a predetermined profile 80 as shown in Figures 5 and 5A, can be carved
into either the front surface of the door 10, the back surface of the door 10
or
the both surfaces of the door 10. It will be appreciated by the person skilled
in
the art that the CNC router can be programmed to carve a multitude of
different profiles into the door 10.
l0 Once the desired profile is carved into the door 10, the door 10 can be
finished with paint or stain. The use of MDF eliminates the need to cap any
cut surfaces, saving money and increasing efficiency. Thus the finished
product has no seams between the structural pieces. This eliminates the
possibility of cracks forming in changing environmental conditions.
l~
Although the invention has been described with reference to illustrative
embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to these
precise embodiments, and that various changes and modifications may be
affected therein by one skilled in the art. All such changes and modifications
are intended to be encompassed by the appended claims.
