Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
CA 02426875 2003-04-25
WO 02/34047 PCT/CA01/01508
AGROCHEMICAL FORMULATION AID COMPOSITION AND USES THEREOF
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to agrochemical formulation aid compositions, their
uses,
and processes of preparing agrochemical systems of non-formulated and
formulated
agrochemicals using the formulation aid compositions to obtain improved
sprayability and
bioactivity.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Agriculture chemicals (agrochemicals) such as pesticides including
insecticides,
fungicides, rodenticides, and herbicides are materials that provide control of
agricultural
pests including insects, pathogens, rodents, and weeds. In order for many
agrochemicals
to be used as a means of controlling pests, these agrochemicals have to be
incorporated
into an agriculturally acceptable carrier. Generally, the agrochemical is
modified into a
soluble ester, amine salt, or dissolved in a solvent system and added to this
are products to
create an agriculturally acceptable spray solution or suspension with water as
a Garner.
The Garner systems may also include several other components.
Agricultural adjuvants are materials that modify the performance of an
agrochemical and may also improve the physical properties of an agricultural
formulation.
For example, an activator adjuvant increases the biological efficacy of an
agrochemical.
Also, fertilizers such as urea or diammonium phosphate are frequently used as
adjuvants
or are used with other adjuvants to improve the efficacy of agrochemical
formulations. A
compatibility agent prevents the chemical interaction of two or more
agrochemical
components in a mixture. It could also improve the homogeneity of additional
components such as fertilizers with other agrochemicals in a mixture. A
wetting agent or
spreading agent increases the surface area covered by a given volume of a
spray mixture.
Herein, the term "non-formulated agrochemical" includes pesticides that are
sold
as technical acids or as technical acid grade products. The terms "formulated
agrochemical" and "pre-formulated agrochemical" have been used interchangeably
and
includes pesticides that are sold as ester, amine salts, or in a solvent.
Currently, most agrochemicals have to be pre-formulated e.g., as emulsifiable
-1
CA 02426875 2003-04-25
WO 02/34047 PCT/CA01/01508
concentrates, flowables, soluble powders, or soluble liquids to enable their
application e.g.,
by spraying, on a crop and to make them bioactive for a targeted substrate
e.g., a pest.
However, the formulated products sold in the form of amines or esters have
higher vapor
pressure. Therefore, they have a tendency to move off the site of application
to trespass
S and damage adjacent crops and horticultural plantings. The use of solvents
such as xylene,
isobutanol, and dimethyl amine in formulated products presents the problem of
toxicity,
odor, and potential explosiveness to the user and neighbors.
However, all prior art adjuvants. lack versatility or they often limit the
form in
which an agrochemical may be pre-formulated as a manufactured product.
Further, a pre-
formulated manufactured product when shipped must be stored under appropriate
environmental conditions to ensure that the agrochemical is not adversely
affected in terms
of its activity and to ensure that the formulation remains stable. For
example,
agrochemical formulations often include emulsions in which water is one of the
phases.
These agrochemical formulations must be stored under conditions that protect
the
1 S emulsion from freezing. Further, it should be noted that different levels
of adjuvants are
used with a given level of the pesticide for different crop applications,
different stages of
crop growth, different weather or climate conditions, and target species. Pre-
formulating
a given agrochemical to meet such diverse needs thus requires the construction
of
formulation facilities that use costly energy and create toxic wastes as
byproducts such as
aromatic petrochemicals. Further, the pre-formulated agrochemical products
often require
the addition of an adjuvant or water conditioner to provide enhanced
bioactivity and/or
spray applicability.
The present invention provides agrochemical formulation-aid compositions,
which
overcome disadvantages exhibited by the prior art. The present invention
provides
ZS agrochemical formulation-aid compositions which permit on-site formulation
of an
agrochemical, a mixture of agrochemicals, or pre-formulated products prior to
use. It thus
becomes unnecessary to first formulate the active ingredient to render it
bioactive and
sprayable. It also significantly ameliorates any storage problems since the
present
invention makes it possible to formulate the agrochemical mixture as needed
and just prior
to its use. In most applications, the only equipment required to use the
agrochemical
formulation aid of the present invention is a means to measure quantities
reasonably
-2-
CA 02426875 2003-04-25
WO 02/34047 PCT/CA01/01508
accurately, and an adequately powerful stirrer. Thus, both the equipment and
energy
requirements for formulation are significantly reduced, thereby reducing
environmental
and toxic byproducts in comparison with the known manufacturing processes used
to
produce both pre-formulated products, and the materials used in them in
addition to the
S agrochemicals. The agrochemical formulation aid of the present invention is
a free
flowing material that disperses completely and rapidly in water. The
agrochemical
formulation aids of the present invention also improve the uptake and
performance of pre-
formulated agrochemicals, such improvement has not been provided hitherto by a
range of
other adjuvants. Teclnucal acids of herbicides tend have lower vapor pressure
when
solubilized in a carrier. The formulation aid of the present invention is non-
toxic and
odorless unlike the solvents used in formulated products.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide an agrochemical
formulation aid
1 S composition for formulating an agrochemical, a mixture of agrochemicals,
or pre-
formulated products prior to use in a bioactive and sprayable form. The
agrochemical
formulation aid may be used on-site prior to use.
It is another obj ect of the present invention to provide an agrochemical
formulation
aid composition for formulating non-formulated pesticides and pre-formulated
pesticides.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a formulation aid
that is
a free flowing material that disperses completely and rapidly in water.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a formulation aid
that
improves the bioactivity of even pre-formulated agrochemicals
It is yet another obj ect of the present invention to provide a formulation
aid that is
2S easy to store and requires simple equipment for measuring quantities
reasonably
accurately, a mixing-container and a stirrer.
It is yet another obj ect of the present invention to provide formulation aid
that has
reduced energy requirements and reduced environmental and toxic byproducts.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a formulation aid
composition that can be used for different crop applications, different stages
of crop
growth, different weather or climate conditions, and target species.
-3-
CA 02426875 2003-04-25
WO 02/34047 PCT/CA01/01508
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a formulation aid
composition that is applicable at lower vapor pressure and has no odor
problems.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a means to
further
improve the bioactivity of pesticides by adding a fertilizer to the
formulation aid.
Accordingly, there is provided an agrochemical formulation aid composition for
preparing bioactive and sprayable agrochemicals, wherein various components
for the
composition were selected from mineral oil paraffinic distillate and/or
aromatic
hydrocarbon distillate; ZN-octanol; oleyl-cetyl alcohol; polyoxyethylene (2)
oleylether;
polyoxyethylene (8) nonylphenolethin and/or ethoxylated tallow amine blend;
lauryl
sulphate; fatty alcohol alkoxylate; terpenes, diammonium phosphate;
tetrasodium ethylene
diamine tetracetate; cab-o-sil; fatty acid methyl ester; (C18) free fatty acid
blend; N-
butanol; and methyl alcohol. Also provided are methods of preparing the
formulation aid
composition on site by mixing various components and methods of preparing
sprayable
and bioactive agrochemical system using the formulation aid and non-formulated
and/or
formulated agrochemicals. Also provided are uses of the formulation aid in
preparing
sprayable and bioactive agrochemical systems for controlling pests.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFEERED EMBODIMENTS
The present invention relates to agrochemical formulation aid compositions,
their
uses, and methods of preparations: The invention also relates to methods of
preparing
agrochemical systems of non-formulated and pre-formulated agrochemicals using
the
formulation aid compositions to obtain improved tank-spray capability and
bioactivity.
In an embodiment, the formulation aid composition comprises effective amounts
of
adjuvants, dispersants, emulsifiers, penetrants, surfactants, distillates,
water conditioners,
and fertilizers for improved bioactivity and sprayability.
In a preferred embodiment the adjuvants, dispersants, emulsifiers, penetrants,
surfactants, distillates, water conditioners, and fertilizers for improved
bioactivity and
spray applicability are selected from mineral oil paraffinic distillate; 2,N-
octanol; oleyl-
cetyl alcohol; polyoxyethylene (2) oleylether; polyoxyethylene (8)
nonylphenolethin;
sodium lauryl sulphate; fatty alcohol alkoxylate; terpenes, preferably from a
plant source;
diammonium phosphate; tetrasodium ethylene diamine tetracetate; and cab-o-sil.
The
-4-
CA 02426875 2003-04-25
WO 02/34047 PCT/CA01/01508
diammoiuum phosphate may be replaced with an alternative nitrogen-containing
nutrient
such as ammonia, ammonium nitrate, or ammonium sulphate.
More preferably, the formulation aid comprises from about 135 to about 165
parts
by weight mineral oil paraffinic distillate; from about 23 to about 29 parts
by weight 2N
octanol; from about 42 to about 52 parts by weight oleyl-cetyl alcohol; from
about 46 to
about 56 parts by weight polyoxyethylene (2) oleylether; from about 9 to about
11 parts by
weight polyoxyethylene (8) nonylphenoletlun; from about 1.2 to about 1.4 parts
by weight
sodium lauryl sulphate; from about 36 to about 43 parts by weight fatty
alcohol alkoxylate;
from about 7.S to about 9.5 parts by weight terpenes, preferably from a plant
source; from
about 2.2 to about 2.8% w/v tetrasodium ethylene diamine tetracetate; and from
about 8 to
about 22 parts by weight of cab-o-sil for improved bioactivity and
sprayability. From
about 610 to about 670 parts by weight of a mixture containing from about 0.8
to about 1.2
parts by weight of diammoW um phosphate in 2.7 to 3.3 parts by weight water
may also be
added. The diammonium phosphate may be replaced with an alternative nitrogen-
containing nutrient such as ammonia, ammonium nitrate, or ammonium sulphate.
The
amount of polyoxyethylene (8) nonylphenoletlun may be selected from about 3 to
about
60 parts by weight. In an alternate embodiment, the formulation aid
composition may
further comprise of from about 5 to about 15 parts by weight of methyl
alcohol.
Particularly preferably, the fonnulation aid comprises from about 143 to about
158
parts by weight mineral oil paraffinic distillate; from about 21.5 to about
27.5 parts by
weight 2N-octanol; from about 44 to about 49 parts by weight oleyl-cetyl
alcohol; from
about 48 to about 53 parts by weight polyoxyethylene (2) oleylether; from
about 9.5 to
about 10.5 parts by weight polyoxyethylene (8) nonylphenolethin; from about
1.2 to about
1.4 parts by weight sodium lauryl sulphate; from about 38 to about 42 parts by
weight
fatty alcohol alkoxylate; from about 8 to about 9 parts by weight terpenes,
preferably from
a plant source; from about 2.35 to about 2.65 % w/v tetrasodium ethylene
diamine
tetracetate; from about 9 to about 21 parts by weight of cab-o-sil for
improved bioactivity
and sprayability. From about 636 to about 704 parts by weight of a mixture
containing
from about 0.9 to about 1.1 parts by weight of diammonium phosphate in 2.85 to
3.15
parts by weight water may be added further. The diammonium phosphate may be
replaced
with an alternative nitrogen-containing nutrient such as ammonia, ammonium
nitrate, or
-5-
CA 02426875 2003-04-25
WO 02/34047 PCT/CA01/01508
ammonium sulphate.
In a specially preferred embodiment, the formulation aid comprises about 150
parts
by weight mineral oil paraffinic distillate; about 26 parts by weight 2N-
octanol; about 47.2
parts by weight oleyl-cetyl alcohol; about 50.2 parts by weight
polyoxyethylene (2)
oleylether; about 10 parts by weight polyoxyethylene (8) nonylphenolethin; 1.0
parts by
weight sodium launyl sulphate; about 39.4 parts by weight fatty alcohol
alkoxylate; about
8.6 parts by weight terpenes, preferably from a plant source; about 2.5% w/v
tetrasodium
ethylene diamine tetracetate; and from about 10 to about 20 parts by weight of
cab-o-sil
for improved bioactivity and sprayability. About 667 parts by weight of a
mixture
containing about 1 part by Weight of diammonium phosphate in 3 parts by weight
water
may be added further. The diammonium phosphate may be replaced with an
alternative
nitrogen-containing nutrient such as ammona, ammonium nitrate, or ammonium
sulphate.
The above described formulation aids of the present invention were prepared by
a
three-part process comprising a step A followed by steps B and C, wherein step
A
comprises the following sub steps: placing from about 135 to about 165 parts
by weight
mineral oil paraffmic distillate in a suitable container with stirnng means;
adding from
about 23 to about 29 parts by weight 2N-octanol and mixing; adding from about
42 to
about 52 parts by weight oleyl-cetyl alcohol to the mixture and continuing
mixing for up
to about 8 minutes at a temperature of about 25°C until a homogenous
mixture is obtained;
adding from about 1.2 to about 1.4 parts by weight sodium launyl sulphate and
mixing it
slowly until it dissolved; adding from about 46 to about 56 parts by weight
polyoxyethylene (2) oleylether slowly and mixing it until dissolved; adding
from about 9
to about 11 parts by weight polyoxyethylene (8) nonylphenolethin slowly and
mixing it
until dissolved; adding from about 36 to about 43 parts by weight fatty
alcohol alkoxylate
and mixing until it dissolved; adding from about 7.5 to about 9.5 parts by
weight terpenes,
preferably from a plant source, and mixing until the resulting mixture is
homogenous. The
range for polyoxyethylene (8) nonylphenolethin may be selected from about 3 to
about 60
parts by weight for preparing the formulation aid.
The preparation of the formulation aid may additionally comprise of adding
from about 5
to about 15 parts by weight of methyl alcohol to the mixture and mixing.
-6-
CA 02426875 2003-04-25
WO 02/34047 PCT/CA01/01508
Step B comprises adding from about 0.8 to about 1.2 parts by weight of
diammonium phosphate to 2.7 to 3.3 parts by weight water at a temperature of
about 60°C
and mixing until it dissolved; adding form about 2.2 to about 2.8% w/v
tetrasodium
ethylene diamine tetracetate to the mixture; and adding from about 8 to about
22 parts by
weight of cab-o-sil and mixing until it dispersed;
Step C comprises combining from about 610 to about 670 parts by weight of the
product of step B to the product of step A and continuing mixing until a
stable uniform
homogenous blend is obtained.
I O In another embodiment the adjuvants, dispersants, emulsifiers, penetrants,
surfactants, distillates, water conditioners, and fertilizers for improved
bioactivity and
sprayability may be selected from aromatic hydrocarbon distillate, 2N-octanol,
oleyl-cetyl
alcohol, polyoxythylene (8) nonylphenolethin, polyoxyalkylated fatty alcohol,
and
ethoxylated tallow amine blend.
1 S Preferably, the formulation aid of present invention comprises from about
10 to
40% by weight aromatic hydrocarbon distillate, from about 3 to 6% by weight of
2N-
octanol, from about 5 to 10% by weight oleyl-cetyl alcohol, from about 0 to
about 4% by
weight of polyoxyethylene (8) nonylphenolethin, from about 25 to 35% by weight
of
polyoxyalkylated fatty alcohol, and from about 20% to 35% by weight of
ethoxylated
20 tallow amine blend.
In a preferred embodiment, the formulation aid comprises about 21.5% by weight
aromatic hydrocarbon distillate, about 3.1% by weight 2N-octanol, about 5.7%
by weight
oleyl-cetyl alcohol, about 3.1% by weight polyoxyethylene (8)
nonylphenolethin, about
33.3% by weight polyoxyall~ylated fatty alcohol, and from about 33.3% by
weight
25 ethoxylated tallow amine blend.
_7_
CA 02426875 2003-04-25
WO 02/34047 PCT/CA01/01508
In a more preferred embodiment, the formulation aid comprises about 23.6% by
weight aromatic hydrocarbon distillate, about 3.5% by weight 2N-octanol, about
6.3% by
weight oleyl-cetyl alcohol, about 33.3% by weight polyoxyalkylated fatty
alcohol, and
from about 33.3% by weight ethoxylated tallow amine blend.
In an especially preferred embodiment, the formulation aid comprises about
35.4%
by weight aromatic hydrocarbon distillate, about 5.2% by weight 2N-octanol,
about 9.4%
by weight oleyl-cetyl alcohol, about 25.0% by weight polyoxyalkylated fatty
alcohol, and
about 25.0% weight ethoxylated tallow amine blend.
The above described formulation aids of the present invention can be prepared
by a
one-part process comprising the following steps: placing from about 10 to 40%
by weight
aromatic hydrocarbon distillate in a suitable container containing stirring
means; adding
from about 3 to 6% by weight of 2N-octanol to the mixture; adding from about 5
to 10%
by weight oleyl-cetyl alcohol to the mixture and continuing mixing for up to 8
minutes at a
temperature of about 25° until a homogenous mixture is obtained; adding
from 0 to about
4% by weight of polyoxyethylene (8) nonylphenolethin slowly and mixing until
it
dissolved; adding from about 25 to 35% by weight of polyoxyalkylated fatty
alcohol and
mixing until it dissolved; and adding from about 20% to 35% by weight of
ethoxylated
tallow amine blend and agitating until the resulting mixture is homogenous.
In yet another embodiment the adjuvants, dispersants, emulsifiers, penetrants,
surfactants, distillates, water conditioners, and fertilizers for improved
bioactivity and
spray applicability are selected from mineral oil paraffmic distillate,
aromatic
hydrocarbon, surfactant blend, 2N-octanol, oleyl-cetyl alcohol,
polyoxyalkylated fatty
m
alcohol, and ethoxylated tallow amine blend.
In a preferred embodiment, the formulation aid of present invention contained
about 6 to 8% by weight of mineral oil paraffinic distillate, from about 10 to
15% by
weight aromatic hydrocarbon distillate, from about 5 to 7% by weight of
surfactant blend,
from about 1 to 3% by weight of 2N-octanol, from about 2 to 5% by weight of
oleyl-cetyl
alcohol, from about 25 to 35% by weight of polyoxyalkylated fatty alcohol, and
from
about 25-35% by weight of ethoxylated tallow amine blend.
In a especially preferred embodiment, the formulation aid of present invention
comprises about 6.7% by weight of mineral oil paraffinic distillate; about
14.9% by weight
_8_
CA 02426875 2003-04-25
WO 02/34047 PCT/CA01/01508
of aromatic hydrocarbon distillate; about 5.7% by weight of surfactant blend;
about 2.2%
by weight of 2N-octanol; about 3.9% by weight of oleyl-cetyl alcohol; about
33.3% by
weight of polyoxyalkylated fatty alcohol; and about 33.3% by weight of
ethoxylated
tallow amine blend for improved bioactivity and sprayability.
In yet another embodiment the adjuvants, dispersants, emulsifiers, penetrants,
surfactants, distillates, water conditioners, and fertilizers for improved
bioactivity and
sprayability may be selected from fatty acid methyl ester, preferably from a
vegetable
source; (C 18) free fatty acid blend; oleyl-cetyl alcohol; N-butanol;
polyoxyalkylated fatty
alcohol; and ethoxylated tallow amine blend.
In a preferred embodiment, the formulation aid of present invention contained
from
about 20-25% by weight of a fatty acid methyl ester, preferably from a
vegetable source;
from about 0.1-3% by weight of (C18) free fatty acid blend; from about 0.5 to
3% by
weight of 2N-octanol, from about 1-6 by weight of oleyl-cetyl alcohol; from
about 0.1 to
1 % by weight of N-butanol; from about 25 to 35% by weight of polyoxyalkylated
fatty
alcohol; and from about 25 to 35% by weight of ethoxylated tallow amine
surfactant blend
for improved bioactivity and sprayability.
In a especially preferred embodiment, the formulation aid of present invention
comprises about 24.4% by weight of vegetable fatty acid methyl ester, about 2%
by weight
of (C18) free fatty acid blend; about 2% by weight of 2N-octanol, about 4% by
weight of
oleyl-cetyl alcohol; about 1% by weight of N-butanol; about 33.3% by weight of
polyoxyalkylated fatty alcohol; and about 33.3% by weight of ethoxylated
tallow amine
surfactant blend for improved bioactivity and sprayability.
The above described formulation aids of the present invention can be prepared
by a
one-part process comprising the following steps: placing from about 20-25% by
weight of
fatty acid methyl ester, preferably from a vegetable source in a suitable
container with
stirring apparatus and mixing it; adding from about 0.1- 3% by weight of (C18)
free fatty
acid blend to the mixture; adding from about 2% by weight of 2N-octanol and
mixing;
adding from about 1-6 by weight of oleyl-cetyl alcohol to the mixture; adding
from about
0.1 to 1% by weight of N-butanol to the mixture; adding from about 25 to 35%
by weight
of polyoxyalkylated fatty alcohol to the mixture and mixing until it
dissolved; and adding
-9-
CA 02426875 2003-04-25
WO 02/34047 PCT/CA01/01508
from about 25 to 35% by weight of ethoxylated tallow amine surfactant blend
and mixing
it until the resulting mixture is homogenous.
In yet another embodiment, the formulation aid of present invention comprises
about 27 parts by weight water; about 2 parts by weight free fatty acid blend;
about 2 parts
by weight 2N-octanol; about 4 parts by weight oleyl-cetyl alcohol, about 1
part by weight
N-butanol; about 33.3 parts by weight polyoxyalkylated fatty alcohol; and
about 33.3 parts
by weight ethoxylated tallow amine surfactant blend.
The agrochemical formulation aids described above can be stored under
reasonable
conditions, such as a temperature of below about 35°C. Although some of
the formulation
aids contain water, freezing does not damage the formulation aid. If minor
separation of
phases does occur in the formulation aid, the agrochemical formulation aid can
be readily
re-dispersed to become homogenous by mixing. Some formulation aids do not
contain
water and are fully stable with prolonged shelf life.
The formulation aids described above have been used to prepare sprayable and
bioactive mixtures with a munber of non-formulated i.e., technical acids or
formulated
herbicides alone or in combination. These sprayable and bioactive mixtures
were sprayed
on a number of plant species under variety of conditions in a variety of
locations to show
their effectiveness. Percentage control of weeds or percentage injury to
specific crops was
recorded as a measure of their effectiveness.
The invention will be illustrated with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
Prepa~atio~a of spvayable ahd bioactive agvochemical acid fov~faulatioh aid
ynixture
Prior to any preparation all spray-mixing and application equipment were
cleaned
thoroughly by observing cleaning directions provided on the agrochemical
labeling and
accompanying materials provided by the maker. Half of the required water was
placed in
a spray tank. A required amount of the formulation aid was added in the spray
tank for the
required rate of glyphosate application as indicated in Table 1. A required
amount of
herbicide e.g., glyphosate technical acid active ingredient or product, as
indicated in Table
1, was added to the spray tank. Mixing was continued and remainder of the
water was
- 10-
CA 02426875 2003-04-25
WO 02/34047 PCT/CA01/01508
added to the spray tank. Mixing was continued for another 5-10 minutes. The
ready to
use herbicide and formulation aid mixture was applied by spraying at the
required rate.
Table 1 shows the amounts of glyphosate technical acid (N-
phosphonomethylglycine, 95-99.9%) active ingredient or product and formulation
aid
required to prepare sprayable and bioactive glyphosate and formulation aid
mixture.
Example 2
Control of broad-spectrum weeds by using formulation aid with non-
formulated glyphosate technical acid
Table 2 shows control of broad-spectrum weeds at commercial levels by using
formulation aid of the present invention with a non-formulated herbicide,
glyphosate
technical acid at various rates. The results shown in Table 2 were obtained by
applying
glyphosate technical acid (95%) and the formulation aid mixture to 10 fields
infected with
various annual and perennial weeds (indicated in Table 2). The experiments
were
conducted between the period of September 1998 to August 2000.
Hundred percent weed control was obtained 21 days after treatment (DAT) at a
spray volume of 1001/ha at different rates. No weed control was observed when
formulation aid was replaced with water. Additional supporting efficacy was
independently collected on weeds such as giant foxtail, yellow foxtail, velvet
leaf, smart
weeds, ragweed species, venice mallow, entire leaf morning glory from research
trials
(small plot and grower trials) in various countries. The results demonstrate
the utility of
the formulation aid of the present invention in preparing a sprayable and
bioactive mixture
of technical acid of a herbicide for controlling weeds.
The formulation aid tested in this example contained about 21.5% by weight
aromatic hydrocarbon distillate, about 3.1% by weight 2N-octanol, about 5.7%
by weight
oleyl-cetyl alcohol, about 3.1% by weight polyoxyethylene (8)
nonylphenolethin, about
33.3% by weight polyoxyalkylated fatty alcohol, and about 33.3% by weight
ethoxylated
tallow amine blend.
-11-
CA 02426875 2003-04-25
WO 02/34047 PCT/CA01/01508
Example 3
Control of broad-spectrum weeds by using formulation aid with non-
formulated
dicamba technical acid
Table 3 shows control of broad-spectrum weeds at commercial levels by using
formulation aid of the present invention with another non-formulated
herbicide, Dicamba
technical acid at various rates. The results shown in Table 3 were obtained by
applying
the mixture of dicamba technical acid (87%) and the formulation aid to two
fields infected
with various annual and perennial weeds (indicated in Table 3). The
experiments were
conducted between the period of September 1998 to August 2000.
Hundred percent weed control was obtained 21 days after treatment (DAT) at a
spray volume of 2001/ha at different rates. No weed control was observed when
formulation aid was replaced with water. Similar results were obtained
independently on
weeds such as giant foxtail, yellow foxtail, Velvetleaf, Smartweeds, ragweed
species,
venice mallow, entire leaf morning glory from research trials (small plot and
grower trials)
in various countries. The results demonstrate the wtility of the formulation
aid of the
present invention in preparing sprayable and bioactive of dicamba technical
acid in
controlling weeds.
The formulation aid used in this example contained about 150 parts by weight
mineral oil paraffinic distillate; about 26 parts by weight 2N-octanol; about
47.2 parts by
weight oleyl-cetyl alcohol; about 50.8 parts by weight polyoxyethylene (2)
oleylether;
about 10 parts by weight polyoxyethylene (8) nonylphenolethin; 1.3 parts by
weight
sodium lauryl sulphate; about 39.4 parts by weight fatty alcohol alkoxylate;
about 8.6 parts
by weight plant terpenes; about b67 parts by weight of a mixture containing
about 1 part
by weight of diammonium phosphate in 3 parts by weight water about 2.5% w/v
tetrasodium ethylene diamine tetracetate (EDTA); and from about 10 to about 20
parts by
weight of cab-o-sil for improved bioactivity and sprayability.
Table 4 shows the amounts of dicamba technical acid (3, 6-dichloro-2-
methoxybenozic acid, 88-95%) and formulation aid required to prepare a
sprayable and
bioactive mixture.
-12-
CA 02426875 2003-04-25
WO 02/34047 PCT/CA01/01508
Exaf~aple 4
Effective weed control with sprayable,and bioactive mixture of formulation aid
and
glyphosate technical acid
Table 5 shows the effectiveness of using a mixture of glyphosate technical
acid
95% or glyphosate 97.3% wet calve isopropyl amine (IPA) technical acid and the
formulation aid in comparison to Roundup Transorb, a pre-formulated herbicide
preparation, 27 days after treatment. The plots (2 x 10 meters) were treated
with a
precision plot spray system and applied with 1001/ha water at 220 kPa through
a four
nozzle (50 cm spacing) hand-held (2 meter) boom using TeeJet flat fan 8002
nozzles. The
application was done in the summer of 1999. The results from 4 replicates were
not
significantly different among different treatments after 27 days. All
combinations
performed equally well on the four weed species and provided excellent weed
control at
the rates used. The results indicate that a herbicide mixture prepared with
the formulation
aid of the present invention performed equally well as compared to a pre-
formulated
herbicide.
The agrochemical formulation aid tested in the above example with glyphosate
teclmical acid contained about 150 parts by weight mineral oil paraffinic
distillate; from
about 26 parts by weight 2N-octanol; from about 48 parts by weight oleyl-cetyl
alcohol;
about 50 parts by weight polyoxyethylene (2) oleylether; about 5 parts by
weight
polyoxyethylene (8) nonylphenolethin; about 1.3 parts by weight sodium lauryl
sulphate;
about 40 parts by weight fatty alcohol allcoxylate; about 8 parts by weight
plant terpenes;
about 667 parts by weight of diammonimn phosphate in three parts by weight
water. In an
alternate embodiment, diammonium phosphate was replaced with an alternative
nitrogen-
containing nutrient such as ammonium sulphate or ammonium nitrate.
Exa»Zple S
Control of pre-plant vegetation using a sprayable and bioactive mixture of
glyphosate technical acid and formulation aid
Table 6 shows pre-plant vegetation control when glyphosate technical acid 87%
was applied with one of the formulation aids of the present invention in
comparison to
Roundup Ultra, a pre-formulated glyphosate herbicide. The application was done
in
-13-
CA 02426875 2003-04-25
WO 02/34047 PCT/CA01/01508
Summer of 2000. Table 6 shows percent control 14 days after treatment (DAT).
Application was made with a research plot sprayer with 42 lbs pressure and 20
gallons of
water through DG 11002 nozzles to plots measuring 6.67 ft x 20 ft.
As shown in Table 6, formulation aid and formulation aid with ammonium
S sulphate controlled all plant species tested with slight variations. The
formulation aid and
glyphosate technical acid 9S% proved slightly less effective on Velvetleaf but
addition of
ammonium sulphate improved Velvetleaf control in comparison to Roundup Ultra.
The
formulation aid and Glyphosate technical acid 95% with or without ammonium
sulphate
proved superior for control of Smartweed in comparison to Roundup Ultra.
The agrbchemical formulation aid tested in the above example with glyphosate
technical acid contained about 1S0 parts by weight mineral oil paraffinic
distillate; from
about 26 parts by weight 2N-octanol; from about 48 parts by weight oleyl-cetyl
alcohol;
about SO parts by weight polyoxyethylene (2) oleylether; about SO parts by
weight
polyoxyethylene (8) nonylphenolethin; about 1.3 parts by weight sodium lauryl
sulphate;
1 S about 40 parts by weight fatty alcohol alkoxylate; about 8 parts by weight
plant terpenes;
about 667 parts by weight of diammonium phosphate in three parts by weight
water. In an
alternate embodiment, diammonium phosphate was replaced with an alternative
nitrogen-
containing nutrient such as ammonium sulphate or ammonium nitrate.
Exay~aple 6
Control of winter wheat using a sprayable and bioactive mixture of formulation
aid
with glyphosate technical acid and ammonium sulphate in comparison to Roundup
Transorb.
Table 7 shows the use of formulation aid with glyphosate technical acid 9S%
with
2S or without ammonium sulphate in comparison to Roundup Transorb, a pre-
formulated
herbicide, for controlling winter wheat. Percent control 7, 14, 28 & S6 days
after
treatment (DAT) of winter wheat was recorded. Plots (2x10 meter) were applied
in the
summer of 2000 using a precision plot sprayer at 2001/ha. Formulation aid and
glyphosate technical acid 9S% alone was less effective in controlling winter
wheat than
Roundup Transorb or formulation aid with ammonium sulphate at 7, 14, 28 DAT.
However, formulation aid and glyphosate technical acid 9S% alone were equally
effective
-14-
CA 02426875 2003-04-25
WO 02/34047 PCT/CA01/01508
in controlling winter wheat than Roundup Transorb or formulation aid with
ammonium
sulphate at 56 DAT.
The agrochemical formulation aid tested in this example with glyphosate
technical
acid contained about 150 parts by weight mineral oil paraffinic distillate;
about 26 parts by
weight 2N-octanol; about 47.2 parts by weight oleyl-cetyl alcohol; about 50.2
parts by
weight polyoxyethylene (2) oleylether; about 50 parts by weight
polyoxyethylene (8)
nonylphenolethin; about 1 part by weight sodium lauryl sulphate; about 39.4
parts by
weight fatty alcohol alkoxylate; about 8.6 parts by weight plant terpenes;
about 667 parts
by weight of diammonium phosphate in three parts by weight water. In an
alternate
embodiment, diammonium phosphate was replaced with an alternative nitrogen-
containing
nutrient such as ammonium sulphate or ammonium nitrate.
Example 7
Post emergent broadleaf weed control using formulation aid with dicamba
technical
acid in comparison to Banvel ll
Table 8 shows post emergent broadleaf weed control using the formulation aid
with dicamba technical acid 87% in comparison to Banvel 11, a pre-formulated
dicamba
herbicide. The mixture was applied to 5-leaf stage corn in 2x10 meter plots
with a
precision plot sprayer at 2001/ha in the summer of 2000. Percent weed control
28 days
after treatment (DAT) was recorded. Formulation aid and dicamba technical acid
87%
were more effective than Banvel 11 at both treatment rates. In another
experiment, the
formulation aid was used in combination with Prosulft~ron, another pre-
formulated
herbicide and dicamba technical acid. Percentage control was as good as when
Prosulfuron and Banvel 11 were used with a commercial adjuvant, Agral 90.
The agrochemical formulation aid tested in this example contained about 150
parts
by weight mineral oil paraffinic distillate; about 26 parts by weight 2N-
octanol; about 47.2
parts by weight oleyl-cetyl alcohol; about 50.2 parts by weight
polyoxyethylene (2)
oleylether; about 50 parts by weight polyoxyethylene (8) nonylphenolethin;
about 1 part
by weight sodium lauryl sulphate; about 39.4 parts by weight fatty alcohol
alkoxylate;
about 8.6 parts by weight plant terpenes; about 667 parts by weight of
diammonium
-15-
CA 02426875 2003-04-25
WO 02/34047 PCT/CA01/01508
_ _
phosphate in three parts by weight water. In an alternate embodiment,
diammonium
phosphate was replaced with an alternative nitrogen-containing nutrient such
as
ammonium sulphate or ammonium nitrate.
Example 8
Broadleaf weed control in Turf grass using the formulation aid with 2,4-D
technical
acid or dicamba technical acid alone and in combination in comparison to
commercial formulations
This example demonstrates the use of formulation aid of the present invention
in
rendering 2,4-D technical acid, dicamba technical acid, and a combination
thereof into an
agriculturally and horticulturally acceptable form. This preparation is
bioactive and spray-
applicable at lower vapor pressure and has no odor problems.
Table 9 shows broadleaf weed control in Turf grass using the formulation aid
with
2,4-D 96% technical acid or dicamba 98% technical acid alone and in
combination in
comparison to commercial formulations of 2,4-D and dicamba i.e., 2,4-D amine
and
Banvel 11. Treatments were applied using a precision plot sprayer at 2001/ha
to 2x8 meter
plots during the fall of 2000. Percentage of injury on crop and percentage
control of
weeds was recorded 30 days after treatment
The agrochemical formulation aid tested in this example contained about 150
parts
by weight mineral oiI paraffinic distillate; about 26 parts by weight 2N-
octanol; about 47
parts by weight oleyl-cetyl alcohol; about 51 parts by weight
polyoxyethylene(2)oleylether; about 10 parts by weight polyoxyethylene(8)
nonylphenolethin; about 1 part by weight sodium lauryl sulphate; about 39
parts by
weight fatty alcohol alkoxylate; about 8 parts by weight plant terpenes; about
667 parts
by weight of diammonium phosphate in three parts by weight water; about 2.5%
weight by
volume of tetrasodium ethylene diamine tetracetate; and from about 10 to 20
parts by
weight of cab-o-sil. In an alten~ate embodiment, diammonium phosphate was
replaced
with an alternative nitrogen-containing nutrient such as ammonium sulphate or
ammonium
nitrate.
-16-
CA 02426875 2003-04-25
WO 02/34047 PCT/CA01/01508
Example 9
Fall control of Alfalfa using the formulation aid with glyphosate technical
acid and
2,4-D technical acid or glyphosate technical acid and dicamba technical acid
in
comparison to pre-formulated products
This example demonstrates the use of formulation aid of the present invention
in
rendering the combination of glyphosate technical acid and 2,4-D technical
acid or
glyphosate technical acid and dieamba technical acid into an agriculturally or
horticulturally acceptable form that is bioactive and spray applicable.
Table 10 shows fall control of Alfalfa using the formulation aid with
glyphosate
technical acid 95% and 2,4-D techiueal acid 96% or glyphosate technical acid
95% and
dicamba technical acid 98% in comparison to pre-formulated products. Plots
(2x8 meter)
were sprayed with a precision plot sprayer at 2001/ha in the fall, 2000 by
Agriculture
Canada, Harrow, Ontario, Canada. In comparison to use of pre-formulated
products, the
use of technical acids with the formulation aid of the present invention
caused less injury
to the crop.
The agrochemical formulation aid tested in this example contained about 150
parts
by weight mineral oil paraffinic distillate; about 26 parts by weight 2N-
octanol; about 47
parts by weight oleyl-cetyl alcohol; about 50 parts by weight polyoxyethylene
(2)
oleylether; about 10 parts by weight polyoxyethylene (8) nonylphenolethin;
about 1 part
by weight sodium lauryl sulphate; about 39 parts by weight fatty alcohol
alkoxylate; about
8 parts by weight plant terpenes; about 5 parts by weight methyl alcohol;
about 667 parts
by weight of diammonium phosphate in three parts by weight water; and about 2
parts
weight by volwne of tetrasodimn ethylene diamine tetracetate; and from about
10 to 20
parts by weight of cab-o-sil. In an alternate embodiment, diammonium phosphate
was
replaced with an alternative nitrogen-containing nutrient such as ammonium
sulphate or
ammonium nitrate.
17-
CA 02426875 2003-04-25
WO 02/34047 PCT/CA01/01508
Exafzzple 10
Effectiveness of the formulation aid with glyphosate technical acid or pre
formulated
agrochemical pesticides uzzder controlled gree~zhouse conditions
This example demonstrates the use of formulation aid of the present invention
in
rendering glyphosate technical acid or pre-formulated agrochemical pesticides
into an
agriculturally or horticulturally acceptable form that is bioactive and spray
applicable.
Table 11, 12, 13 and 14 show effectiveness of the formulation aid with
glyphosate
technical acid or pre-formulated agrochemical pesticides in controlled
greenhouse
conditions during summer of 2001 in controlling several weeds such as
Velvetleaf,
Barnyard grass, and Lambsquarters. Herbicides, technical acid with the
formulation aid or
formulated products, were applied at 0.25 lb ae/h. The formulation aid was
used at 0.3%
v/v. AMS was used at 1% or 8.5 lb/100 gallon of water. The mixture was sprayed
at 20
Gallons Per Acre at 30 Pressure Square Inch. The results indicate that the
formulation aid
works with formulated products also. The formulated products may contain
different
adjuvants. The results also indicate that the addition of AMS improved
effectiveness of
herbicides in controlling weeds.
The agrochemical formulation aid tested in this example contained about 6.7%
by
weight of mineral oil paraffinic distillate; about 14.9% by weight of aromatic
hydrocarbon
distillate; about 5.7% by weight of ATPLUS 300 F; about 2.2% by weight of 2N-
octanol;
about 3.9% by weight of oleyl-cetyl alcohol; about 33.3% by weight of
polyoxyalkylated
fatty alcohol; and about 33.3% by weight of ethoxylated tallow amine blend.
The commercial names and the suppliers of the components used in formulation
aids are:
mineral oil paraffinic distillate: Sun Cropspray 11N, Sunoco Inc., Ten Penn
Center,
1801 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103;
aromatic hydrocarbon distillate: SOLVESSO 200, Imperial Oil, Products and
Chemicals Division, 111 St. Clair Avenue West PO Box 4029 Stn A, Toronto,
Ontario,
Canada;
surfactant blend: ATPLUS 300 F, Uniqema, 1000 Uniqema Boulevard, New
Castle, Delaware, USA;
2N-octanol: Jarchem Industries Tnc., 414 Wilson Avenue, Newark, New Jersey,
-18
CA 02426875 2003-04-25
WO 02/34047 PCT/CA01/01508
USA;
oleyl-cetyl alcohol: HD Ocenol 80/85, Cognis Corporation, SOS1 EstecreekDrive,
Cincinnati, Ohio, USA;
polyoxyalkylated fatty alcohol: KLEARFAC AA270 surfactant, BASF
S Corporation 3000 Continental Drive North, Mount Olive, New Jersey, USA; and
ethoxylated tallow amine blend: HENKEL 6821 A, Agnique GPU Booster 6821A,
Cognis Corporation, SOS1 Estecreek Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
polyoxyethylene (2) oleylether: Brij 93, , ICI Americas Inc., Wilmington,
Delawaxe
polyoxyethylene (8) nonylphenolethin::Renex 688 , ICI Americas Inc,
Wilmington, Delaware, USA;
Fatty alcohol alkoxylate: Plurafac LF 700, BASF Canada Inc., Toronto, Ontario
Canada;
plant terpenes: Orange Terpenes, Gerard-Roure Inc., Brampton, Ontario, Canada.
1 S Other components are routinely available.
The above-described embodiments of the invention axe intended to be examples
of
the present invention. Alterations, modifications and variations may be
effected to the
particular embodiments by those of skill in the as-t, without departing from
the scope of the
invention which is defined solely by the claims appended hereto.
Table 1. Amounts of glyphosate technical acid (N-phosphonomethylglycine, 9S-
99.9%)
active ingredient or product and formulation aid required to prepare a
sprayable and
bioactive mixture.
Component A Component B
Glyphosate Glyphosate Formulation aid Formulation
per aid per
technical acid technical grade100 to 1S0 liters/haSO liters/ha
water
(9S%)(Kg ae*) (9S%) (Kg water volume volume
/hectare product)/hectare
-19-
CA 02426875 2003-04-25
WO 02/34047 PCT/CA01/01508
0.225 ~ 0.24 0.5 0.5
0.500 0.53 0.5 I.1
0.675 0.7 0.9 1.6
0.9 0.94 1.1 2.3
1.5 1.6 1.9 2.3
2.0 2.1 2.5 . 2.3
*Active ingredient
Table 2. Control of broad-spectrum weeds by using formulation aid of the
present
invention with non-formulated herbicide, glyphosate technical acid, at various
application
rates.
GlyphosateCanada Lambs- Quaclc-AnnualDande sow Pig Catnip
+ formulationThistlequartersgrass**grasses-lionsThistleWeed
aid* ***
0.94 + 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% I00% I00% 100%
0.9
0.7 + 0.7 I00% I00% 100% 100% 100% I00% 100% 100%
0.53 + I00% 100% I00% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
0.5
0.24 + 80% 80% 80% 90% 80% 90% 100% 80%
0,5
0.94 + 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
water
0.53 + 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
water
0.24 + 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
water
*Glyphosate technical acid (95%) (Kg or 1)/ ha + formulation aid (1)/ ha
** Includes other perennial grasses such as wirestem muhly
*** Annual grasses included foxtails, annual bluegrass, crabgrass, witchgrass
Table 3. Control of broad-spectrum weeds by using formulation aid of the
present
invention with non-formulated herbicide, Dicamba technical acid, at various
application
rates.
-20-
CA 02426875 2003-04-25
WO 02/34047 PCT/CA01/01508
Dicamba Canada Lambs- Quack Various Dande Sow Pig Catni
+
formulationThistlequartersGrass annual -lionsThistleWeed p
aid* ** grasses
0.140 N/A 100% N/A N/A N/A N/A 100% N/A
+ 1.0
0.280 N/A 100% N/A N/A N/A N/A 100% N/A
+ 1.0
0.140 N/A 0% N/A N/A N/A N/A 0% N/A
+
water
0.280 N/A 0% N/A N/A N/A N/A 0% N/A
+
water
* Dicamba 95% (Kg) + formulation aid (L)/ha
** includes other perennial grasses such as wirestem muhly
**'~ various annual grasses including foxtails, annual bluegrass, crabgrass,
witch grass
N/A: Not applicable
Table 4. Amounts of Dicamba technical acid (3, 6-dichloro-2-methoxybenozic
acid, 88-
95%) and formulation aid required to prepare a sprayable and bioactive mixture
for
spraying.
Component A Component B
Dicamba technical Formulation aid
acid
(88-95%) (I~g)/ hectare (1)/water volume
~
0.140 0.5% v/v
0.280 0.5% v/v
Table 5. Control of weeds using a mixture of glyphosate technical acid or
glyphosate wet
cake isopropyl amine technical acid and the formulation aid and Roundup
Transorb.
-21 -
CA 02426875 2003-04-25
WO 02/34047 PCT/CA01/01508
Treatments Rate Redroot Lambs Green Smooth
Pigweed quartersFoxtailCrabgrass
Control
Glyphosate 95% 225 gm ae**/ha81.3% 63.8% 83.8% 67.5%
to * +
Formulation aid 1.5% v/v
Glyphosate 225 gm ae/ha 83.8% 78.8% 83.8% 61.3%
97%wc***+ 1.5% v/v
Formulation aid
Roundup Transorb 225 gm ae/ha 68.5% 61.3% 81.6% 73.5%
* technical acid
** active ingredient
*** wet cake isopropyl amine technical acid.
Table 6. Control of pre-plant vegetation using a sprayable and bioactive
mixture of
glyphosate technical acid and the formulation aid.
Treatments Rates Giant Yellow Velvet Smart
Foxtail oxtail leaf weed
Roundup Ultra 450 gm ae*/ha 100 98 85 30
Glyphosate 450 gm ae/ha 100 90 82 65
to** +
Formulation 450 ml/ha
aid
Glyphosate 450 gm ae/ha 100 95 93 85
to +
Formulation 450 ml/ha
aid +
AMS* * * 1 %v/v
* Active ingredient
** Technical acid
***Ammonium sulphate
-22-
CA 02426875 2003-04-25
WO 02/34047 PCT/CA01/01508
Table 7. Control of winter wheat using a mixture of formulation aid with
glyphosate
technical acid with and without ammonium sulphate in comparison to Roundup
Transorb,
a pre-formulated herbicide.
Treatments Rates % Control
7 DAT 14 DAT 28 DAT 56 DAT
Roundup 450 gm ae*/ha15 c 23 c 53 b 100 a
Transorb
Glyphosate 450 gm ae/ha 4 de 6 a 20 d 100 a
to** +
Formulation 450 ml/ha
aid
Glyphosate 450 gm ae/ha 20 b 29 b 83 a 100 a
ta+
Formulation 450 ml/ha
aid +
AMS*** 1%v/v
Means followed by the same letter do not significantly differ (P= .05, LSD)
*Active ingredient
**Teclmical acid
**Ammonium sulphate
Table 8. Post emergent broadleaf weed control using the formulation aid with
dicamba
technical acid 87% in comparison to Banvel 11, a pre-formulated dicamba
herbicide.
Treatment Rate Velvet Lambs Redroot
Leaf Quarters Pigweed
Control
Banvel 11 70 g ae*/ha23 d 18 a 18 c
Dicamba tech** 70 g ae/ha
+ 0.5% v/v 36 be 63 c 43 b
Formulation aid
Banvel 11 140 g ae/ha35 cd 35 d 58 b
Dicaxnba tech 140 g ae/ha
+
- 23 -
CA 02426875 2003-04-25
WO 02/34047 PCT/CA01/01508
Formulation aid 0.5% v/v 49 b 79 b S8 b
Prosulfuron + 10 g ae/ha
Banvel 11 + 140 g ae/ha 98 a 93 a 97 a
Agral 90 0.2% v/v
Prosulfuron + 10 g ae/ha
Dicamba tech 140 g ae/ha 99 a 96 a 98 a
+
Formulation aid O.S% v/v
Means followed by the same letter do not significantly differ (P= .OS, LSD).
*active ingredient
** dicamba technical acid
Table 9. Control of broadleaf weeds in Turfgrass using the formulation aid
with 2,4-D
technical acid or dicamba technical acid alone or in combination in comparison
to
commercial formulations of 2,4-D or dicamba.
Treatment Rate % Dandelion Chickweed White
Crop clover
Injury
Control
2,4-D amine 0.7 lc 0.0 56.7 be 56.7 a 53.3 b
ae*/ha c
2,4-D 96% to** 0.7 k aelha0.0 50.0 be 63.7 a 70.0 ab
+ O.S% v/v c
Formulation
aid
Banvel 11 ~ 0.6 k ae/ha0.0 71.7 abc 100.0 a 100.0 a
c
Dicamba 98% 0.6 k ae/ha1S 88.3 a 100.0 a 100.0 a
to + 1.0% v/v a
Formulation
aid
2,4-D amine 1.4 k ae/ha6.7 63.3 abc 83.3 a 100.0 a
b
2,4-D 96% to 1.4 k ae/ha
+ 1.0% v/v 0.0 70.0 abc 90.0 a 83.3 ab
Formulation c
aid
2,4-D amine 0.7 k ae/ha0.0 70.0 abc 100.0 a 70.0 ab
+ c
-24-
CA 02426875 2003-04-25
WO 02/34047 PCT/CA01/01508
Banvel 11 0.07 k
ae/ha
2,4-D 96% to 0.7 k ae/ha0.0 41.7 c 73.3 a 93.3 a
+ c
dicamba 98% 0.07 k
to + ae/ha
Formulation 0.5% v/v
aid
2,4-D amine 1.4 lc 0.0 78.3 ab 100.0 a 100.0 a
+ ae/ha c
Banvel 11 0.14 lc
ae/ha
2,4-D 96% to 1.4 k ae/ha0.0 68.3 abc 73.3 a 100.0 a
+ c
dicamba 98% 0.14 k
to + ae/ha
formulation 1.0% v/v
aid
Means followed by the same letter do not significantly differ (P= .05,
Duncan's New
MRT).
~' Active ingredient
** Technical acid
Table 10. Control of Alfalfa using the formulation aid with glyphosate
technical acid and
2,4-D technical acid or glyphosate technical acid and dicamba technical acid
in
comparison to pre-formulated products.
Treatments Rates % injury % control
Roundup Transorb 0.5 kg ae*/ha
2,4-D amine 0.5 kg ae/ha 71.3 ab 100
Glyphosate 95% to**+0.5 kg ae/ha
2,4-D 96% to + 0.5 kg ae/ha 47.5 cd 100
formulation aid 0.5% v/v
Roundup Transorb 1.0 lcg ae/ha
+
2,4-D amine 1.0 kg ae/ha 77.5 a 100
Glyphosate 95% to 1.0 kg ae/ha
+
2,4-D 96% to + 1.0 kg ae/ha 75.0 ab 100
formulation aid 1.0% v/v
- 25 -
CA 02426875 2003-04-25
WO 02/34047 PCT/CA01/01508
Roundup Transorb 0.5 kg ae/ha
+
Banvel 11 0.5 kg ae/ha 73.8 ab 100
Glyphosate 95% 0.5'kg ae/ha
ta+
Dicamba 98% to 0.5 kg ae/ha 47.5 cd 100
+
Formulation aid 0.5% v/v
Roundup Transorb 1.0 kg ae/ha
+
Banvel 11 1.0 kg ae/ha 75.0 ab 100
Glyphosate 95% 1.0 kg ae/ha
to +
Dicamba 98% to 1.0 lcg ae/ha 77.5 a 100
+
Formulation aid 1.0% v/v
Means followed by the same letter do not significantly differ (P= .05,
Duncan's New
MRT).
* Active ingredient
** Technical acid
Table 11. Control of Velvetleaf using the formulation aid with glyphosate
technical acid or
formulated agrochemical pesticides in controlled greenhouse conditions.
TRT Treatment % Control
NO.
7 DAT 10 DAT 14 DAT
1 Control 0 G 0 E 0 E
2 Glyphos* 13 g 10 a 23 d
3 Glyphos + formulation aid 12 g 10 a 15 d
a
4 Glyphos + formulation aid 40 a f 43 d 70 a
+ AMS b c
5 Glyphomax** 52 b c 60 c d 67 a
d a b c
6 Glyphomax + formulation 43 d a 77 a b 81 a
aid f c b c
7 Glyphomax + formulation 38 a f 78 a b 82 a
aid + AMS c b c
8 Roundup Ultra max*** 10 g 13 a 7 d a
-26-
CA 02426875 2003-04-25
WO 02/34047 PCT/CA01/01508
9 Roundup Ultra max + AMS 60 a 70 a b 78 a
b c c b c
LSD (0.05) 16 19 23
Means followed-by the same letter do not significantly differ (P= .05,
Duncan's New
MRT).
* glyphosate amine (IPA salt)
** glyphosate amine (IPA salt)
*** glyphosate amine (IPA salt)
Table 12. Control of barnyard grass using the formulation aid with glyphosate
technical
acid or formulated agrochemical pesticides in controlled greenhouse
conditions.
TRT Treatment % Control
NO.
7 DAT 10 DAT 14 DAT
1 Control 0 h 0 k 0 h
2 Glyphos* 38 a 40 h i 30 g
f j
3 Glyphomax** 55 b 36 i j 40 a f
c d
4 Glyphos + formulation 53 c 48 f g 48 a
aid d h
5 Glyphomax + formulation28 f 45 g h 34 f g
aid g i
6 Glyphos + formulation 63 a 64 b c 70 a b
aid + b c d
AMS
7 Glyphomax + formulation55 b 66 a b 73 a b
aid c d c
+ AMS
8 Glyphosate ta* + formulation71 a 74 a 69 b c
aid + AMS
9 Roundup Ultra Max*** 18 g 33 j 0 h
10 Roundup Ultra Max + 66 a 68 a b 69 b c
AMS b c
LSD (0.05) 13 10 10
-27-
CA 02426875 2003-04-25
WO 02/34047 PCT/CA01/01508
Means followed by the same letter do not significantly differ (P= .05,
Duncan's New
MRT).
* glyphosate amine (IPA salt)
** glyphosate amine (IPA salt)
*** glyphosate amine (IPA salt)
Table 13. Control of Velvetleaf using the formulation aid with glyphosate
technical acid or
formulated agrochemical pesticides in controlled greenhouse conditions.
TRT Treatment % Control
NO. 7 DAT 10 DAT 14 DAT
1 Control 0 i 0 j 0 a
2 Glyphos* 13 g h 13 i 13 d
a
3 Glyphos + formulation 45 f 49 h 53 c
aid
4 Glyphos + formulation 65 a b c 68 c d a 65 a
aid + AMS d a f b c
Glyphomax** 23 g 15 i 15 d
6 Glyphomax + formulation 63 b c d 50 g h 53 c
aid a
7 Glyphomax + formulation 70 a b c 71 a b c 70 a
~ aid + d a b
AMS
8 Glyphosate to + formulation60 c d a 63 a f 63 b
aid + c
AMS
9 Roundup Ultra Max*** 10 h i 14 i 18 d
Roundup Ultra Max + AMS 60 c d a 66 d a f 68 a
b
LSD (0.05) 11 11 13
Means followed by the same letter do not significantly differ (P= .05,
Duncan's New
MRT).
* glyphosate amine (IPA salt)
** glyphosate amine (IPA salt)
*** glyphosate amine (IPA salt)
_ ~8 _
CA 02426875 2003-04-25
WO 02/34047 PCT/CA01/01508
Table 14. Control of Lambsquarters using the formulation aid with glyphosate
technical
acid or formulated agrochemical pesticides in controlled greenhouse
conditions.
TRT Treatment % Control
NO.
7 DAT 10 DAT 14 DAT
1 Control 1 g h 0 j 0 i
2 Glyphos* 9 f g 1 j 0 i
h
3 Glyphos + formulation aid 9 f g 10 h i 0 i
h j
4 Glyphos + formulation aid 23 b c 30 b c 18 a
+ AMS d d a f g
h
Glyphomax* * 11 a f I S g 5 h i
g h i
6 . Glyphomax + formulation aid 18 c d 25 c d 15 f
a f a f g g h
7 Glyphomax + formulation aid 16 c d 20 a f 33 a
+ AMS a f g h b c
d
8 Glyphosate to + formulation 40 a 40 a b 44 a
aid + AMS
9 Round Up Ultra Max*** 3 g h 0 j 0 i
Round Up Ultra Max + AMS 33 a b 33 a b 36 a
c d b c
LSD (0.05) 11 11 15
Means followed by the same letter do not significantly differ (P= .05,
Duncan's New
MRT).
* glyphosate amine (IPA salt)
** glyphosate amine (IPA salt)
*** glyphosate amine (IPA salt)
-29-
