Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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GRAVITY WATERCRAFT LIFT
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention.
This invention relates to lifting devices, specifically to improvements in
such
devices that are employed to lift watercraft, for example boats and seaplanes.
Description of the Related Art
Users of watercraft have need to lift their watercraft from the water, for
example
for maintenance or in preparation for land transportation of the watercraft.
Equally,
1 o watercraft users have need to lower their watercraft into the water, for
example for
launching or simply for flotation at dock. Users have heretofore employed a
number of
devices for such lifting and lowering.
Typical of many such devices, U.S. Patent No. 4,895,479, issued to Michaelsen
et
al., specifies a lift for watercraft having raised and lowered positions,
comprising a
substantially horizontal rectangular base for submersion in the water. In its
preferred
embodiment, the base, having a front, a back and two sides, is fixed and two
pair of
upwardly extending booms are each pivotally connected at their lower end to
the base at
its corners. The members of each pair of booms are rigidly connected to each
other in
parallel by cross supports. Two substantially horizontal arms are each
pivotally
connected to one member of each pair of booms at the upper end of the boom, so
that
each arm pivotally connects to one member of one pair of booms at one end of
the arm
and to one member of the other pair of booms at the other end of the arm. Two
connected, collapsible parallelograms are thereby formed, one on each side of
the base,
the corners of each parallelogram comprising the upper and lower pivot points
of the
front and rear booms on one side of the base. The pivotally connected arms lie
in a plane,
which is lowered as the parallelograms are collapsed and is raised when the
parallelograms are expanded. A watercraft supported by support means connected
to the
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arms in that plane may thereby be lowered and raised as the parallelograms are
respectively collapsed and expanded.
In order to raise the watercraft in Michaelsen, as in most such devices, the
parallelogram is forceably expanded by employment of an expanding actuator,
typically a
hydraulic cylinder. In Michaelsen, the base end of a hydraulic jack cylinder
is connected
centrally to a horizontal coplanar cross member of the frame disposed
intermediate of the
points of connection of the pairs of pivoting booms. The plunger of the jack
is connected
to a cross shaft journaled in brackets intermediate of the ends of that pair
of pivoting
booms that normally (in the lowered position) forms an obtuse angle in the
parallelogram,
thereby achieving a large angular swing of the lift arms for a given travel of
the jack's
plunger. Significantly, because raising the lift requires a vertical force
component at all
times, this actuator arrangement limits the extent to which this lift may be
lowered,
because, even at the lift's lowest level, a vertical component is required
between the base
of the jack and the distal end of its plunger in order for the expansion of
the jack to have
the effect of raising the lift.
In such devices, when the actuator has caused the watercraft to be raised to
the
desired position, a locking means is employed to maintain the craft in the
raised position.
In Michaelsen, locking is provided by a pawl mounted on the jack cylinder
adjacent to its
projecting plunger, the pawl having a nose fittable in spaced slots of the
plunger and
biased into the slots so that it automatically locks the lift in subsequent
raised positions.
In U.S. Patent Number 3,021,965 to Harvey, locking is provided by a locking
and
bracing assembly, comprising a rod or brace pivotally connected to a side of
the base
intermediate of the pivotal connection points of two collaterally
corresponding members
of the pairs of booms. The locking and bracing assembly further comprises a
means for
the rod lockably to engage that member which is over-center when the device is
in the
raised position, restraining that member against the force of gravity, thereby
maintaining
the device in the raised position.
U.S. Patent Number 5,275,505 to Wilcox describes a locking mechanism having a
clamping ring which is sleeved on the piston rod and is biased into locking
position by a
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compression spring engaging a piston in a locking cylinder. The locking
cylinder is
selectively supplied with pressurized water to compress the spring and thereby
release the
clamping ring. These and other methods of locking a piston driven system
against a
force, well-known to practitioners in this and analogous arts, are widely
employed in
watercraft lift design.
U.S. Patent Number 5,184,914, issued to the inventor of the present invention
and
takes a different approach to locking. The inventions heretofore described
provide
locking by restraining, by various methods, the collapse of partially expanded
parallelograms. In '914, in contrast, the actuator expands the parallelogram
over-center,
so that initially obtuse angles of the parallelogram become acute and
initially acute
angles become obtuse. In the over-center raised position, preferably one to
ten degrees
from vertical, a locking means is provided by rigid canted boom stops affixed
to the base
to engage downward-tending booms, thereby providing locking of the lift in a
raised,
over-center position. To lower the lift from the over-center position, '914
requires that
the actuator be double-acting, providing expanding actuation for raising, as
in the prior
art, but also providing contracting actuation for moving the lift back over
center for
lowering, as provided preferably by a double-acting hydraulic cylinder. '914
teaches
connection of the actuator between a cross member of the frame and a cross
member of a
pair of booms intermediate of the ends of the booms, just as in Michaelsen,
limiting the
extent to which the lift may be lowered.
Based upon the innovation of '914, U.S. Patent Number 5,908,264 to Hey teaches
a similar over-center boat lift with a locking means for the over-center
raised position
comprising a rigid canted diagonal member, affixed to the base, that braces
against the
boom in its over-center position. Hey claims to improve upon '914 in achieving
a lower
profile by employing a different actuator arrangement. In Hey, the frame
extends beyond
the point of connection of that boom pair which, in the lowered position,
forms an obtuse
angle in the parallelogram. The base of the actuator is pivotally connected to
a transverse
beam disposed on that extended portion of the frame. The transverse beam is so
formed
that the point of connection of the base of the actuator is lower than the
plane of the
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frame. By this design, even when the parallelogram is fully collapsed, there
is a vertical
component between the cylinder base and the distal end of the plunger, thereby
enabling
lift operation from a lower profile in the fully lowered position.
Hey's actuator arrangement, while permitting a lower profile watercraft lift,
does
not overcome a shortcoming of all the prior art. In all the prior art,
including Hey, there
is a load spike on the actuator at the lower end of the lift position. In
Michaelsen and in
'914, this load spike is very pronounced because the vertical component
between the
actuator base and its distal end is small at the lift's lowered position. Even
in Hey,
though, the vertical component is smaller at the lift's lowered position than
it is as the lift
1o is raised, resulting in a load spike on the actuator from the lowered
position. Typically,
the load on such prior art actuator arrangements spikes from up to 2,800
pounds per
square inch from the lowered position down to about 1,700 pounds per square
inch as the
lift approaches its raised position.
The highest load on an actuator determines the actuator cylinder diameter, the
maximum fluid pressure and the resultant actuator mechanism tolerances
necessitated by
such pressure. Lowering the maximum load on an actuator has the desirable
effects of
lowering the size of required actuator cylinder and reducing the tolerances
required for
actuator operation.
Despite their advantageous use of gravity to stop the lift in a raised
position, prior
art over-center watercraft lifts, such '914 and Hey, teach a stop means with a
significant
shortcoming. Such prior art stop means employ a fixed stop of hard, rigid
material
directly or indirectly engaging the pivoting booms when the lift has reached
the desired
over-center position. The resultant engagement is jarring because the stop
mechanism
materials are inelastic. Such jarring engagement is undesirable not only
because it creates
a less than optimal user experience, but also because jarring subjects the
lift apparatus to
excessive stain with resultant fatigue, shortening equipment life.
Yet a further shortcoming of the over-center prior art arises from the fact
that the
stop mechanism in such art restrains the raised, over-center lift with the
watercraft
support at a fixed height above the lift base. However, a user may have any of
a number
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of reasons for wishing to vary the height of the lift's watercraft support.
For example,
because of variations over time in the depth of the body of water in which a
given lift is
employed (e.g. ocean tides, annual variations in lake depth, etc.), with the
prior art over-
center lifts, the height of the raised watercraft above the water's surface
may vary
considerably, according to variations over time in the depth of the water. A
user may
wish to vary the height of the watercraft support of the raised lift above the
lift's base to
accommodate varying water depths. In other cases, a user may wish to vary the
height of
the lift's watercraft support above the surface of the water for specific
watercraft
maintenance or transportation purposes. In any case, it is a shortcoming that
the prior art
presents no means whereby a user can vary the height of the watercraft support
of a raised
over-center lift.
Objects and Advantages
It is an object of this invention to provide an improved over-center
watercraft lift
obviating load spikes on the lift actuator.
It is a further object of this invention to provide such an improved
watercraft lift
that also presents a low profile when in its lowered position.
It is a further object of this invention to provide an improved watercraft
lift that
embodies the advantages of the over-center locking mechanism while also
minimizing
jarring engagement of the apparatus.
It is a further object of this invention to provide an over-center watercraft
lift
wherein the height of the lift's watercraft support in the locked, raised,
over-center
position is adjustable.
These and other objects of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in
this
art from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the
invention.
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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention improves upon prior art watercraft lifts by coupling the
lift
actuator to the lift apparatus via a load translation mechanism advantageously
fashioned
to obviate or at least minimize load spikes upon the lift actuator throughout
the lifting and
lowering duty cycle of the apparatus. Preferred embodiments of the present
invention
practice the prior art of over-center lifting, advantageously incorporating a
novel elastic
stop mechanism to minimize jarring upon stopping in the raised, over-center
position.
Over-center embodiments of the present invention may incorporate a means of
adjusting
the height assumed by a watercraft from the lift base when the lift is in the
locked, raised,
over-center position.
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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The foregoing objects, as well as further objects, advantages, features and
characteristics of the present invention, in addition to methods of operation,
function of
related elements of structure, and the combination of parts and economies of
manufacture, will become apparent upon consideration of the following
description and
claims with reference to the accompanying drawings, all of which form a part
of this
specification, wherein like reference numerals designate corresponding parts
in the
various figures, and wherein:
Fig. I is a front side perspective view of a gravity watercraft lift in the
raised,
over-center position, according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an elevational view of a gravity watercraft lift in the lowered
position,
according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a detailed perspective detail of the load translation mechanism in a
preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a side elevational detail of a non jarring stop means in a preferred
embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a view of a telescoping means of adjusting boom height in a
preferred
embodiment of the present invention.
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIGS. I and 2, the watercraft lift of the present invention has a
rectangular base 1 which includes front transverse beam 2 and rear transverse
beam 3
which are connected to longitudinal parallel beams 4 and 5. Each of front
transverse beam
2 and rear transverse beam 3 have sleeves 6 receiving support posts 7 that are
of
adjustable height to position the rectangular base 1 at a desired depth
submerged in the
water. Support posts 7 have shoes 8 which rest on the river or lake bed.
Four pivoting booms 9 are attached to rectangular base 1, one for each of the
four
corners of rectangular base 1, with the lower ends of front booms 9 pivotally
joined to the
base adjacent the front ends of each of longitudinal parallel beams 4 and 5
and the lower
ends of rear booms 9 proximal the rear ends of beams 4 and 5, on the beam's
interior
faces. Intermediate cross supports 10 provide structural integrity of the
front and rear
pairs of pivoting booms 9. At the upper ends of pivoting booms 9, two mounting
arms 12
are pivotally joined to swing with the booms 9, as a collapsing parallelogram,
maintaining
parallelism with longitudinal parallel beams 4 and 5. Watercraft supports 13
attached to
mounting arms 12 brace the watercraft during lifting.
A double-acting hydraulic cylinder 14 having a piston jacket 15 and a piston
rod
16 is mounted within the lift. In the preferred embodiment, the end of piston
jacket 15
distal the piston rod is pivotally connected to actuator brace 11 via a
bracket 17 integral to
brace 11 that serves as an extension of rear boom 9 past the axis of its pivot
point on
beams 4 and 5. Alternative embodiments may pivotally connect the end of piston
jacket
15 either to base 1, or to a cross-piece (not illustrated) between beams 4 and
5 along the
axis of the pivot point of rear boom 9 upon the beams. In any case, in
embodiments of
the present invention the end 18 of piston rod 16 distal the piston jacket is
pivotally
coupled via load translation mechanism 19 to front pivoting booms 9 adjacent
the pivot
point of booms 9 upon longitudinal parallel beams 4 and 5. Advantageously, the
pivotal
connection points of piston jacket end 17 and piston rod end 18 to the lift
apparatus are
disposed so that, when the lift is in the lowered position, the level of
cylinder 14 is below
the plane formed by the upper side of base 1, thereby allowing low profile
lift positions
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while the underside of a watercraft remains clear of the cylinder. Lowering
and raising of
mounting arms 12 and watercraft supports 13 is achieved by extension and
retraction of
piston rod 16 of double-acting hydraulic cylinder 14.
As cylinder 14 is extended when the lift is in a lowered position (FIG. 2),
the
force exerted by cylinder 14 between actuator brace 11 and load translation
mechanism
19 is translated via load mechanism 19 to yield a rotational force component
acting upon
forward booms 9 about their pivot point, causing the lift to rise. Load
translation
mechanism 19 is described in more detail with reference to FIG. 3 below. While
those in
the art will recognize that the present invention is not limited to over-
center lifts, in the
1 o preferred embodiment the full extension of cylinder 14 results in booms 9
swinging over
center by about one to ten degrees (FIG. 1).
Although the preferred embodiment as described teaches an actuator cylinder 14
with a piston rod 16 pivotally engaged with load translation mechanism 19, it
will be
recognized by those in the art that the scope of the present invention extends
to other
embodiments wherein an expanding actuator is coupled via load translation
mechanism
19 to front pivoting booms 9 to exert a force as described above. For example,
within the
scope of the present invention, in other embodiments (not illustrated) the
piston rod 16
may be pivotally coupled to actuator brace 11 and the base of piston jacket 15
may be
pivotally coupled to load mechanism 19. Yet other embodiments within the scope
may
pivotally couple one end of the actuator to the rectangular base 1 while
coupling the other
end of the actuator to a load translation mechanism as taught by the present
invention.
In the preferred embodiment, rear booms 9 swing to the over-center position
and
are restrained from further downward travel by stop means embodied as boom
stops 21
affixed to rear booms 9, described in more detail in reference to FIG. 4
below.
Advantageously over the prior art, boom stops 21 employ an elastic material,
thereby
greatly reducing jarring when the over-center apparatus is restrained by boom
stops 21.
The length of booms 9 is adjustable via boom height adjustment mechanism 20.
Illustrated here and in more detail in reference to FIG. 5 below, a preferred
embodiment
employs telescoping sections in boom 9 restrained at a desired height by
retaining pin. A
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typical over-center watercraft lift raises watercraft supports 13 to a height
approximately
48 inches above base 1. Advantageously, by employing boom adjustment mechanism
20
to vary the length of booms 9, the user may vary the height of the raised lift
above its
base, preferably from 36 inches or less to more than 60 inches.
Turning now to FIG. 3, load translation mechanism 19 is shown wherein piston
rod 16 of hydraulic cylinder 14 is pivotally mounted to mechanism 19 via
support
brackets 22 affixed to swing bar 23. Swing bar 23 is swingably mounted to
parallel
beams 4 and 5 by integral brackets 24 that are rotatably mounted to beams 4
and 5 via
rotation bolts 25. Swing bar 23 is swingably coupled to front booms 9 via lift
bars 26,
each having two ends, one of which is rotatably mounted to swing bar 23 at
support
bracket 27 via rotation bolt 28, the other of which is rotatably mounted to
front boom 9
via rotation bolt 29. Front boom 9 is, in turn, pivotally coupled to beams 4
and 5 by
rotation bolt 30.
When the lift is in its lowered position, swing bar 23 hangs down from beams 4
and 5 by integral brackets 24, approximately perpendicularly to beams 4 and 5.
In
operation, as hydraulic cylinder 14 is expanded, the force exerted between
rear transverse
beam 3 (FIGS. I and 2) and swing bar 23 results in rotation of integral
brackets 24 about
rotation bolts 25, causing swing bar 23 to swing with force in a forward and
upward
direction. The forward and upward swing of swing bar 23 is translated into an
upward
force by its action upon lift bars 25, causing booms 9 to pivot upward about
rotation bolt
30. This swingable mounting and coupling arrangement for swing bar 23 with
respect to
lift base 1 via beams 4 and 5 and with respect to forward booms 9 via lift
bars 26 has the
effect of balancing the upward component of force exerted by load translation
mechanism
19 approximately to match the varying load at front booms 9 as the lift is
raised and
lowered, thereby largely obviating load spikes in the operation of the lift.
While the foregoing description of load translation mechanism 19 specifies a
preferred embodiment, other embodiments employing other means of balancing the
load
upon actuator 14, and thereby obviating load spikes, are contemplated. It is
observed
that, when the booms 9 are at a given angle 0 with respect to beams 4 and 5,
the vertical
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force that must be applied to increase angle 0 by a fixed amount varies in
proportion to
cosine 0. Any load translation mechanism capable of translating a constant
force by the
actuator to an angular force varying approximately with cosine 0 will have the
effect of
balancing the load upon the actuator. In addition to the preferred embodiment
described
above, such a result may be achieved by apparatus employing, for example,
appropriately
designed off-center cam arrangements and such other mechanisms as are known by
persons of skill in the art to achieve the load balancing effect.
Turning now to FIG. 4, illustrated is a detail of the lift in the lowered
position
depicting an embodiment of boom stop 21. Rear booms 9 are pivotally connected
to
longitudinal beams 4, 5 by rotation bolt 30. Integral to boom 9 at its lower
end is delta
bracket 31 which rotates about bolt 30 as boom 9 is lowered and raised. At the
end of
delta bracket 31 distal bolt 30 is elastic stop 32 affixed to bracket 31 by
metal bolt (not
shown). Elastic stop 32 advantageously is comprised of an elastic material
such as latex
or neoprene rubber.
In this embodiment, stop bracket 33 is affixed to each of longitudinal beams 4
and
5 on the rear side of such beam from rotation bolt 30. Stop bracket 33
comprises a
substantially horizontal upper plate on beam 4, 5 with a substantially
overhanging portion
oriented toward the interior of base 1. In this embodiment, the upper plate of
bracket 33
overhangs beams 4, 5 by more than one inch.
As rear booms 9 are raised to the over-center position, delta brackets 31
rotate
about rotation bolt 30, lifting elastic stop 32 to engage opposing stop
bracket 33 affixed to
beams 4, 5 thereby restraining the lift in the raised, over-center position.
As will be recognized by those of skill in the art, stop bracket 33 is not
limited to
the foregoing embodiment but may instead be implemented as any surface firmly
affixed
to beams 4, 5 (by welding, bracketing, bolting and other methods known to
those in the
art) directly or indirectly, permitting raising and lowering of the apparatus
in its normal
operation, and engaging and opposing an elastic stop 32 or its equivalent when
the lift is
in its over-center, raised position. Alternatively, in the spirit of the
present invention,
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stop bracket 33 may be fixed in relation to pivoting booms 9 and elastic stop
32 or its
equivalent may be firmly affixed to beams 4, 5.
Turning now to FIG. 5, illustrated is a detail of the lift in its raised
position,
showing boom adjustment mechanism 20 on a single boom 9. In this embodiment,
booms 9 are telescoping, each comprised of a lower, exterior portion 38 within
which is
telescopically mounted an upper, interior portion 39. Drilled through interior
portion 39
at fixed points along its length are restraining holes 40. Drilled through
exterior portion
38 at a point proximate its upper end is a restraining hole through which is
inserted
restraining pin 41 for engagement with interior portion 39 at one of its
restraining holes
40. In operation, the user selects a given height for the lift determined by
one of the
restraining holes 40 and will adjust each of the lift's four booms 9 so that
the desired
restraining hole 40 in the interior portions 39 is engaged by the restraining
pins 41. In
some preferred embodiments, engagement with a central hole 40 results in a
height of
watercraft supports 13 above base 1 of approximately 48 inches, while
engagement with
the extreme holes 40 results in a height of supports 13 above base 1 varying
from 30
inches or less to more than 60 inches respectively. As will be recognized by
those of skill
in the art, boom adjustment mechanism 20 is not limited to the foregoing
embodiment but
may instead be implemented as any lockably adjustable telescoping arrangement,
including those employing crimp bolts, locking clamps, toothed cogs and
equivalents
known to those in the art.
Conclusions, Ramifications, and Scope
Accordingly, it can be seen that the invention described herein provides an
improved watercraft lift wherein the load on the actuator is balanced during
operation of
the lift. The improved lift further may be fashioned so that it presents a low
profile when
in its lowered position. Further, embodiments of the present invention improve
upon
over-center lift design by employing an elastic material in its over-center
locking
mechanism that minimizes jarring engagement of the apparatus. Yet further, the
present
invention provides an over-center watercraft lift wherein the height of the
lift's watercraft
support in the locked, raised, over-center position is adjustable.
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Although the detailed descriptions above contain many specifics, these should
not
be construed as limiting the scope of the invention but as merely providing
illustrations of
some of the presently preferred embodiments of this invention. Various other
embodiments and ramifications are possible within its scope, a number of which
are
discussed in general terms above.
While the invention has been described with a certain degree of particularity,
it
should be recognized that elements thereof may be altered by persons skilled
in the art
without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the
present
invention is not intended to be limited to the specific forms set forth
herein, but on the
1o contrary, it is intended to cover such alternatives, modifications and
equivalents as can be
reasonably included within the scope of the invention. The invention is
limited only by
the following claims and their equivalents.
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