Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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Thermal insulated building element
The invention relates to a thermal insulated building element, which together
with
connecting elements is suitable for making a building system quickly, which is
also
suitable for housing and exact fastening of any reinforcement.
Due to the development of building technologies, introducing of new materials,
great
changes have taken place in the building industry. The requirement of proper
thermal
insulation values in building systems providing high quality buildings in a
short time
is an ordinary claim nowadays. The mast frequently used material in the
construction
industry 15 Still concrete as the proper thermal insulation of concrete can be
ensured.
In the state of art Hungarian utility model HZ3 I3 2348 makes known a thermal
insulated building element. Here the solution is, that the building element is
covered
with polystyrene panels on both outer and inner sides, and the space between
the
polystyrene panels on the outer and inner sides is filled with load-bearing
concrete
arid occasionally reinforcement is put into the concrete. The parallel
polystyrene
panels an the outer and inner sides are axed by connecting cross clamps and on
the
side edges of the polystyrene panels groove profile and bolt profiles fitting
each
other are formed.
'The characteristics of the solution made known there is, that the connecting
cross
clamps have rectangular cross section, the thickness of which is preferably
1.5- 5
mm, width 2050 mm anal there are perforations of 6 - 12.5 mm size in the
middle
line of the width corresponding with the thickness of the building element in
the
distance of 120, X50, 3~0, 360 mm and at each end of the cross clamp holes of
circular shape housing the closing pipe or section holes housing the closing
bolt are
formed. In the polystyrene panel there are holes of vertical position from the
inner
side towards the outer side conforming with the rectangular section of the
connecting
cross clamps, into which the connecting cross clamps are pushed in the
position of
connecting the polystyrene panel and there are parallel circle shape hales or
section
shape holes of horizontal position in the outer side of the polystyrene panel
going
through the opening crosswise, closing pipes or closing baits fastening the
polystyrene panels are fixed to the hole of circle or section shape and at the
side
edges of the polystyrene panels there are protruding ribs on both sides of the
bolt-
profile, whereas on both sides of the groove profile there are arched.,
lengthwise
channels.
German publication DE 19h 33 111 makes known a connecting element, made
preferably of recycled plastic, which is applied an the outer and inner
surface of a
case element in the farm of a T-shape slot, distributed above the whole suz
face ~ and
fixed to each other in a stabile way. Due to the hit surface of connection
during
casting of concrete of ~ lling in of concrete no deformation occurs.
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A lightened multipurpose structure, preferably with interior skeletal frame
and
formwork is made known in Hungarian patent application P 98 133027 published
on
29 January 2001, which consists of concrete or reinforced concrete load-
bearing
stricture made between formwork. It is characterized by that, it consists of
formwork
not to be renc~oved serving as building elements and concrete or reinforced
concrete
structures created by joining the elements beside each other in the spaces and
the
building elements provide for one ar more outer of the building structure as
formwork not to be removed.
This application makes known furthermore a building element to be applied in a
building structure, which building element comprises bathes of plane andlor
broken
and/or curved surface or joining surfaces of hollow or partially hollow
bodies. The
building element is characterized by that, it has at least ane outer surface
forming the
surface of the building structure and has furthermore an inner surface, and
has at
least one complex rib-surface, the value of the angle of which is 94°?
y > 0°,
preferably an acute angle, for example 5°.....15°. In the
building element an this part
of the rib-surface the size of the section surface parallel with the outer
building
surface is increasing and one part or the whole of the section of the
rib~surface is
point-symmetrical. There is a part of the outer building surface, the shape of
which is
a i~ side polygon, where K >_ 3, for example a triangle, stluare, pentagon,
hexagon.
When working out the solution according to the invention we aimed to realize a
thermal insulated building element, which ensures placement of any
reinforcement
beside ensuring tluick and easy process.
~JVorking out the solution we realized, that if we connect elements made of
polystyrene foam and joined with specially shaped connecting elements, which
can
ensure suitable placement and location of any reinforcement while necessary
space
of polystyrene element is ensured, then the set aim can be achieved.
The invention is a thermal insulated building element, which has joined
polystyrene
elements with a loadbearing part containing a metal framework between the
polystyrene elements said loadbearing part is filled with concrete in-site,
furthermore
has connecting elements joining the polystyrene elements, which is
characterized by
that, connecting elements joining the polystyrene elements (1} are plastic
connecting
elements (19) where fastening holes (8) serving joining the polystyrene
elements (1)
as well as nests (20) joining a framework (18) in a space (30) between the
polystyrene elements (1} are formed.
In one of the preferred embodiments of the building element according to the
invention the nests placed in the connecting element hays ftex~ble fastening
projections.
rn another preferred embodiment of the building element according to the
invention
fastening holes in the connecting element are circular or section shaped.
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In a further preferred embodiment of the building element according to the
invention
framework is a steel mesh frame and/or inner skeletal frame.
The invention furthermore is a thermal insulated building element which has
polystyrene elements placed parallel with each other and connected with each
other,
has a loadbearing space part including a framework, which is filled in-site
with
concrete between the polystyrene elements and it has connecting elements
joining
polystyrene elements, which is characterized by that, the slceletal frame
comprises
parallel lengthwise elements and stiffener elements connecting lengthwise
elements
and connecting elements joining polystyrene elements have head and projection
and
the head of the connecting elements joins the parallel lengthwise elements of
the
framework, furthermore the projection of the connecting elements is joined the
polystyrene elements with a fastening hole.
In one of the preferred embodiments of the building element according to the
invention the stiffener elements joining the lengthwise elements are placed
slanted,
in wavefarm or pezpendicularly, ladderfarm between the lengthwise elements.
In another preferred embodiment of the building element according to the
invention
the material ofthe connecting stiffener elements is steel bar, wlvch is
connected with
the lengthwise elements by welding.
In a further preferred embodiment of the building element according to the
invention
the parallel lengthwise element of the skeletal frame is one or two steel bars
of
circular diameter and in the head of the connecting element joining the
lengthwise
elements there is a nest which can house one or two lengthwise elements of
circular
diameter.
In a further preferred embodiment of the building element according to the
invention
the parallel lengthwise element of the skeletal frame is a C section steel and
on the
head of the connecting element joining the lengthwise element a head end
fluted on
two sides joining the C section of the lengthwise element is formed.
In a further preferred embodiment of the building element according to the
invention
the adjoining polystyrene elements are connected with a flexible connecting
element
the straining profiles of which join a groove formed at tlxe edge of the
polystyrene
elements.
In a further preferred embodiment of the building element according to the
invention
in the inner surface of polystyrene elements (1) opposite each other a hollow
(28)
serving the forming of a vertical pilfer is made.
In a further preferred embodiment of the building element according to the
invention
in the inner surface of polystyrene elements (1) opposite each other a hollow
(2'7)
serving the forming of a horizontal girdle is made.
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4
The solution according to the invention is set forth by the following
description with
the accompanying drawings wherein:
Fig 1 shows the lateral view of one of the preferred embodiments of the
building
element according to the invention.
Fig 2 shows A-A section of the embodiment of the building element according to
the
invention shown in Fig 1.
Fig 3 shows perspective view of A-A section of the embodiment of the building
element according to the invention shown in Fig 1.
Fig 4 shows enlarged view of "B" detail of the embodiment of the building
element
according to the invention shown in Fig 1.
Fig S shows lateral view of the framework with mesh frame in the building
element
according to the invention.
Fig 6 shows top view of the framework with mesh frame shown in Fig 5.
Fig 7 shows perspective of the framework with mesh frame according to Fig S.
Fig 8 shows top view of the connecting element with head of the building
element
according to the invention.
Fig 9 shows lateral view of the connecting element with head of the building
element
according to the invention.
Fig 10 shows perspective of the connecting element with head of the building
element according to the invention.
Fig 1 i shows lateral view of another preferred embodiment of the building
element
according to the invention.
Fig 12 shows top view of another preferred embodiment of the building element
according to the invention.
Fig 13 shows C-C section of the preferred embodiment of the building element
according to the invention shown in Fig 11.
Fig 14 shows perspective of C-G section of the preferred embodiment of the
building
element according to the invention shown in Fig 1 l,
Fig 1 S shows the enlarged view of part "I3" of the preferred embodiment of
the
building element according to the invention shown in Fig 11.
Fig lb shows the front elevation of the framework placed into the building
element
according to the invention.
Fig 17 shows the top view of the framework placed into the building element
according to the invention.
Fig 18 shows the perspective of the framework shown in Fig 16.
Fig 19 shows the top view of another preferred embodiment of the connecting
element of the building element according to the invention.
Fig 20 shows the lateral view of another preferred embodiment of the
connecting
element of the building element according to the invention.
Fig 21 shows the perspective of another preferred embodiment of the connecting
element of the building element according to the invention.
Fig 22 shows the lateral view of a third preferred embodiment of the building
element according to the invention.
Fig 23 shows E B section of the building element according to Fig 22.
Fig 24 shows the enlarged view of detail F of the building element shown in
Fig 23.
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Fig 25 shows the perspective of a third preferred embodiment of the building
element according to the invention.
Fig 26 shows the elevation of the embodiment of the connecting element of the
building element according to the invention.
Fig 27 shows the lateral view of the connecting element shown in Fig 22.
Fig 28 shows the perspective of the connecting element shown in Fig 22.
Fig 29 shows the front elevation of another embodiment of the connecting
element
shown in Fig 22 of the building element according to the invention,
Fig 30 shows the lateral view of the connecting element shown in Fig 29.
Fig 31 shawl the perspective of the connecting element shown in Fig 29.
Fig 32 shows the elevation of the embodiment of the connecting element
ensuring
fastening of the building elements.
Fig 33 shows the perspective of the connecting element ensuring fastening of
the
building elements.
Fig 34 shows the embodiment of the building element according to the invention
with higher thermal insulation values.
Fig 35 shows the top view of the building element according to Fig 34.
Fig 36 shows the view from G-G section of the building element according to
Fig 3~.
Fig 37 shows the perspective from G-G section of the building element
according to
Fig 34.
Fig 38 shows the lateral view of a possible embodiment of the girdle element
joining
the building element shown in Fig 34.
Fig 39 shows the top view of the girdle element according to Fig 38.
Fig 40 shows elevation view from H-H section of the girdle element according
to Fig
38.
Fig 41 shows perspective from H-H section of the girdle element according to
Fig 38.
Fig 42 shows the lateral view of ~. possible embodiment of the girdle element
joining
the building element shown in Fig 38 with the framework.
Fig 43 shows the top view of the girdle element joining the building element
shown
in Fig 42 with the framework.
Fig 44 shows the elevation view from I-I section of the girdle element joining
the
building element with the framework.
Fig 45 shows the perspective from I-I section of the building element with the
framework.
Fig 4~6 shows a possible embodiment of the building in of the building element
according to the invention.
Fig 1 shows the lateral view of one of the preferred embodiments of the
building
element according to the invention, The figure shows the connecting elements 2
with
head placed in the polystyrene elements 1 provided with groove 3, furthermore
the
space 30 between the polystyrene elements 1. into which the properly
positioned
framework 4 of mesh frame shape is placed.
Fig ~ shows A-..A Section of the embodiment of the building element according
to the
invention shown in Fig 1. The figure shows the polystyrene element 1 in which
the
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6
proper location of the connecting element 2 with head ensures the positioning
of the
framework 4 with mesh frame according to measurement.
Fib 3 shows perspective view of A-A section of the embodiment of the building
element according to the invention shown in Fig 1. Fastening of the connecting
element 2 with head into the polystyrene element 1 takes place with the
connecting
hales formed in the polystyrene element 1 in a way, that a clamping profile 17
is
placed through the fastening holes 8 formed on the connecting elements 2
placed in
the polystyrene element 1.
Fig 4 shows enlarged view of "B" detail of the embodiment of the building
element
according to the invention shown in Fig I. The figure shows the framework 4
with
mesh frame placed in the connecting element 2 with head located in the
polystyrene
elements 1 provided with groove 3. The geometric form of the connecting
element 2
with head is such form, that the lengthwise element I I of the framework 4 can
be
easily slipped into the nest 6 of the connecting element 2.
Fig S shows lateral view of framework 4 with mesh frame in the building
element
according to the invention. Fig 6 shows tap view of the framework 4 with mesh
frame shown in Fig S. Fig '7 shows perspective of the framework with mesh
frame
according to Fig 5. When forming the framework 4 with mesh frame our principle
was to ensure, that beside statical xx~easurements the framework 4 with mesh
frame
should be in accordance with the geometric shape of the connecting element ~
with
head.
Fig $ shows tap view of the connecting element 2 with head of the building
element
according to the invention. Fig 9 shows lateral view of the connecting element
2 with
head of the building element according to the invention. Fig i0 shows
perspective of
the connecting element 2 with head of the building element according to the
invention, Fastening of the connecting element 2 with head in the polystyrene
element 1 takes place with the help of the projection 7. The framework 4 with
mesh
frame is located with slipping in the nest ~ of the head 5. The axing of the
connecting element Z with head in the polystyrene element I is ensured by the
clamping profile 17 put into the fastening hale g formed in the projection 7.
Fig 11 shows lateral view of another preferred embodiment of the building
element
according to the invention. The figure shows the polystyrene elements 1 with
the
connecting elements 2. The skeletal frame 10 is placed into the space 30
between the
ptalystyrene elements 1.
Fig 12 shaves top view of another preferred embodiment of the building element
according to the invention. Positioning of the connecting elements 2 in the
polystyrene elements 1 is ensured through the connecting holes formed in the
polystyrene element I as well as with the help of the clamping profile 17 led
through
the fastening hole $ in the connecting element 2. In the space 30 between the
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7
polystyrene elements I placing of the skeletal frame 10 of steel takes place
with the
help of connecting elements 2.
Fig 13 shows C-C section of the preferred embodiment of the building element
according to the invention shown in Fig 11. Fig 14 shows perspective of C-C
section
of the preferred embodiment of the building element according to the invention
shown in Fig 11. Fig 15 shows the enlarged view of part "D" of the preferred
embodiment of the building element according to the invention shown in Fig 11.
According to the figure placement of the lengthwise element 12 of the skeletal
frame
takes place in the connecting ehment 2 located in the polystyrene element 1.
Positioning of the connecting element 2 takes place with the help of the
clamping
prof le 17.
Fig 16 shows the front elevation of the framework 10 placed into the building
element according to the invention. Fig 17 shows the top view of the framework
10
according to Fig 16. Fig I8 shows the perspective of the framework 10 shown in
Fig
i6. In case of framework f0 the lengthwise elements I1 running on both sides
are
cozmected by the stiffener element 12.
Fig 19 shows the top view of another preferred embodiment of the connecting
element 2 of the building element according to the invention. Fig 20 shows the
lateral view of another preferred embodiment of the connecting element 2 of
the
building element I according to the invention. Fig 21 shows the perspective of
another preferred embodiment of the connecting element 2 of the building
element
according to the invention. Through the projection 7 of the connecting element
2 as
well as the fastening hole 8 formed in it is positioned and fixed in the
polystyrene
element 1 with the help of the clamping profile 17. The head 5 of the
connecting
element 2 is formed in a way, that the lengthwise element 11 of the framework
10
can slip into the groove 1 ~ formed on the head 5 and the head end 15 of the
head 5
comes to the lengthwise element 1 I of C section, which ensures stabile fixing
of the
connecting element 2 and the skeletal frame 10.
Fig 22 shows the lateral view of a third preferred embodiment of the building
element according to the invention. Fig 23 shows E-E section of the building
element
according to Fig 22. The figure shows polystyrene elements 1 in the connecting
elements 19, into which placing and positioning of the framework 18 takes
place.
Fixing of connecting elements 19 into polystyrene elements 1 takes place with
the
clamping profiles 17. Joining of polystyrene elements 1 each other is ensured
with
the help of connecting element 21.
Fig 24 shows the enlarged view of detail F of the building element shown in
Fig 23.
The figure shows the connecting element 21 placed into polystyrene element 1.
Fig 25 shows the perspective of a third preferred embodiment of the building
element according to the invention. Connecting of polystyrene elements 1 and
positioning of the framework 18 is done with the help of the connecting
elements 19
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and fixing of the connecting elements takes place with the help of the
clamping
profiles 1.7 into the polystyrene element 1.
Fig 26 shows the elevation of the embodiment of the connecting element of the
building element according to the invention. Fig 27 shows the lateral view o~
the
connecting element shown in Fig 22. Fig 28 shows the perspective of the
connecting
element shown in Fig 22. The nest 20 was formed in the connecting element 19
placement of stiffener element 1~ of the framework 18 takes place with a
simple
flipping. Fastening hole 8 was formed in connecting element 19 ensuring
positioning
of connecting element 19 in polystyrene element 1 with the help of the
clamping
profile 17 led through it.
Fig 29 shows the front elevation of another embodiment of the connecting
element
shown in, Fig 22 of the building element according to the invention. Fig 30
shows the
lateral view of the connecting element shown in Fig 29. Fig 3 i shows the
perspective
of the connecting element shown in Fig 29. This case for positioning of the
clamping profile 17 a profile opening 23 was formed. We aimed to make easier
placing of clamping profile 17 by forming the profile opening 23.
Fig 32 shows the elevation of the Connecting element ensuring fastening of the
building elements to each other. Fig 33 shows the perspective of the
connecting
element 21 ensuring fastening of the building elements. The straining profiles
2S of
the connecting element 21 as well as the narrow part 24. Placing of the
connecting
element 21 into the polystyrene elements 1 takes place as follows: The
flexible
connecting element is placed into one of the grooves 3 formed on the edge of
one of
the polystyrene elements l, which is flexibly fixed with the straining profile
25 in the
groove 3. Joining of the building elements according to the invention takes
place
with placing the connecting elements 21 to the sides of the polystyrene
elements 1,
then the adjoining polystyrene element 1 with the groove 3 on its side fit
into this
polystyrene element 1 and push it on to the connection profile 21. This way
the
adjoining building elements are fixed without shifting, which gives sufficient
hold
and positioning during compiling and filling with concrete.
Fig 34 shows another possible embodiment of the building element according to
the
invention. Fig 35 shows the top view of the building element according to Fig
34. Fig
36 shows the view from G-G section of the building element according to Fig
34. Fig
3'7 shows the perspective from G-G section of the building element according
to Fig
34. In case we aim to get higher thermal insulation values then increasing of
the wall
thickness of the polystyrene element makes it possible. This case in order to
ensure
statical stability of the wall a hollow 28 suitable for forming a vertical
piper is
formed in the polystyrene element 1. Building of the wall takes place
according to
the method described according to the invention.
Fig 38 shows the lateral view of s, possible embodiment of the girdle element
joining
the building element shown in Fig 34. Fig 39 shows the top view of the girdle
element according to Fig 38. Fig 40 shows elevation view from H-H section of
the
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girdle element according to Fig 3 8. Fig 4I shoves perspective from H-H
section of the
girdle element according to Fig 38. Fig 42 shows the lateral view of a.
possible
embodiment of the girdle element joining the building element shown in Fig 38
with
the framework. Fig 43 shows the top view of the girdle elemient joining the
building
element shown in Fig 42 with the framework. Fig 44 shows the elevation view
from
I-I section of the girdle element joining the building element with the
framework. Fig
4S shows the perspective from I I section of the building element with the
framework, Vfe had to take into consideration when creating the thermal
insulated
building element shown in figure 34, that in case of the basic formation, the
solution
is not suitable for making a girdle. To make it possible, we apply a possible
embodiment of the formwork according to the invention. It can be seen in the
figure,
that a hollow 27 suitable for housing the relative reinforcement and forming
the
girdle is formed in the girdle 2fi elements. The girdle ~6 elements are
connected with
the connecting element I9, on which the framework I S is placed.
Fig 46 shows a possible embodiment of the building-in of the building element
according to the invention. In special purpose buildings, such as very tall
buildings,
or freeing houses beside keeping thermal insulation characteristics keeping
structural parameters is also necessary. It can be ensured by the solution
according to
the invention such a way, that the polystyrene elements I and the connecting
elements 19 as well as with the help of the fra~neworl~ I $ solutions in
accordance
with statical structural measurements.
In case of a possible preferable embodiment of the solution according to the
invention formation of the interim supports of the skeletal frame takes place
with the
help of a steel bar led between the parallel guiding elements in wave-farm.
Another
possible preferable embodiment is, when forming of the interim supports of the
skeletal frame is solved by a ladder-like straight connection between the
parallel
guiding elements.
Connecting of the lateral and bottom-top edges of the polystyrene elements is
solved
by a long plastic strap, which is put into the lengthwise groove made into the
edges
of the polystyrene elements, and when pushed together it flips into the edges
of the
polystyrene elements and flexibly closing there. 'U~hen assembly takes place,
the
reinforcement is simply pushed between the polystyrene walls l, then the
plastic
straps are pushed as well. This solution makes possible the application of the
pre-
fabricated interior reinforcements, far example application of steel grid.
blotches in
the walls and sides of the polystyrene element walls are formed with heat cut
or
grooving.
The advantage of the solution according to the invention is, that it makes
possible
easy and quick production of various thermal insulated walls in-site.
Structural
formation makes possible beside simple and durable connecting of polystyrene
elements the placing and positioning of several reinforcements, grids,
loadbearing
structures.
