Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
CA 02526299 2005-11-18
FIELD OF INVENTION
(0002) This invention relates generally to a system for reducing the exhaust
pollutants
from industrial (coal-fired electricity stations), commercial (any fossil
fuels burner) gas
exhaust pollution emission as well as from the compression-ignition (diesel)
engines and
from internal combustion gas engines.
The waste of this process could be used as a raw material for commercial grade
carbon
dioxide production (beverage, refrigeration or as a dry-cleaning solvent
instead of
chlorinated hydrocarbons). The disinfecting fluid that is produced during the
proposed
process could be used for water or liquid waste treatment.
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
(0003) Climate change is a fact. It is happening now and it will have an
impact on every
business in every sector. Carbon dioxide emission, a by-product of burning
fossil fuels, is
a prime cause of climate change. Every business has a part to play in climate
change by
reducing its carbon dioxide emissions. The immediate challenge is to reduce
industrial,
commercial, diesel engine and car carbon dioxide emissions.
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(0004) THEORY Carbon Dioxide, C02, is one of the gases in our atmosphere,
being
uniformly distributed over the earth's surface at a concentration of about
0.033 percents
or 330 parts per million. Commercially, C02 finds uses as a refrigerant (dry
ice is solid
C02), in beverage carbonation, and in fire extinguishers. In the United
States, 10.89
billion pounds of carbon dioxide were produced by the chemical industry
inl995, ranking
it 22 d on the list of top chemicals produced. Because the concentration of
carbon dioxide
in the atmosphere is low, it is not practical to produce the gas by extracting
it from the
air. Most commercial carbon dioxide is recovered as a by-product of other
processes,
such as the production of ethanol by fermentation and the manufacture of
ammonia.
Some C02 is obtained from the combustion of coke or other carbon-containing
fuels.
C(coke)+02(g)<==> C02 (g)
Carbon dioxide is released into our atmosphere when carbon-containing fossil
fuels such
as oil, natural gas, gasoline, diesel and coal are burned. As a result of the
tremendous
world-wide consumption of such fossil fuels, the amount of C02 in the
atrnosphere has
increased over the past century, now rising to about 1(one) part per million
per year.
Major changes in global climate could result from this continued increase in
C02
concentration. In addition to being a component of the atmosphere, carbon
dioxide also
dissolves in the oceans. At room temperature, the solubifity of carbon dioxide
is
about 90 cubic centimeters of C02 per one hundred milliliters of water. In
aqueous
solution, carbon dioxide exists in many forms. First, it simply dissolves:
C02(g)< == >C02 (aq)
Then, equilibrium is established between the dissolved C02 and H2C03, carbonic
acid.
C02(aq) + H20 < _ > H2C03(aq)
Only about 1 (one) percent of the dissolved C02 exists as H2C03. Carbonic acid
is a
week acid, which dissociates in two steps.
H2C03 <-> H* + HCO3-
HCO3- <=> H* + C03 2-
As carbon dioxide dissolves in water, equilibrium is established involving the
carbonate
ion, C03 2-. The carbonate anion interacts with cations in water. According to
the
solubility rules, "all carbonates are insoluble except those of ammonium and
Group IA
elements." Therefore, the carbonate ions cause the precipitation of certain
ions. For
example, Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions precipitate from large bodies of water as
carbonates.
Although "insoluble" in water, calcium carbonate dissolves in acidic solutions
(provided
in the form of hydrogen ions H2 produced near the anode surface).
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CaCo3 (s) + 2H * _= Ca 2+ (aq) + H2C03 (aq)
At this point of the process the carbonic acid or liquid carbon dioxide is
discharged from
the process and goes to the next stage of treatment, (for example the
commercial grade of
C02 production). This invention proposes the system for GAS EMISSION
REDUCTION, which produces liquid C02 by utilizing industrial exhaust gases as
a raw
material. The existing technologies that use various fossil fuels for CO2
production are
not part of this invention but they could use liquid CO2 from the proposed
invention as a
raw material.
(0005) There are several technologies that produce or recover C02 with the
help of a
compound, called "a primary amine - compound" atoms in which one of the
hydrogen in
an ammonia molecule, NH3, is replaced either by alkyl group or a benzene ring.
All these
compounds have basic properties. The base is "a substance which combines with
hydrogen ions (protons)." The existing technologies rely on ammonia production
that in
turn produces hydroxide ions (in water solution), which reacts with carbon
dioxide to
produce liquid C02. It is then stored under specific conditions: temperature
20 Degree
and pressure 30 kilograms per square centimeter. Ammonia (amines) and
hydroxide ions
production will be eliminated by implementing the proposed invention where the
base
and hydroxide ions are produced "on site" by the apparatus, as part of the
invented
system.
The patent CA # 2 311 199 to CHARKAVARTI, SHRIKAR, US, Gupia, AMIIABH, US
Describes the process of CARBON DIOXIDE RECOVERY WITH COMPOSITE
AMINE BLENDS describes the carbon dioxide recovery process from "lean carbon
dioxide sources, such as flue gases from combustion sources, from the gas
stream into
amino recovery solvent and subsequent separation and recovery of the carbon
dioxide
from recovery solvent." The described process and existing technology of
carbon dioxide
recovery could be used at the stage of separation of carbon dioxide from the
solvent or
from liquid carbon dioxide (carbonic acid), because the stage of carbon
dioxide
concentration could incorporate this proposed invention. Other related
inventions of this
field are listed at the attached pages.
The recent patent # CA 2414615, IIJIMA, MASAKI (Japan), claims a method of
carbon
dioxide recovery process that utilizes exhaust heat process comprising of a
regenerator-
tower, heat exchangers, cooling, hot water source, pumps, steam turbines. It
does not
seem economically viable and requires energy from an outside source.
(0006) The list of patents related to this field is attached to this
application. The
proposed patented technologies are aimed at reducing carbon dioxide pollution.
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(0007) It is, therefore, desirable to provide a novel method, apparatus and
system for
providing a process and the apparatus that reduces the carbon dioxide exhaust
at source
of subsequently protect the environment.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
(0008) It is an object of the present invention to obviate or mitigate at
least one
disadvantage of the previous systems and apparatuses, which reduce carbon
dioxide
exhaust into environment.
(0009) In the aspect of the present invention, the proposed technology and
equipment are
based on the electrolyte application that is produced by electrolysis of water
or water-
content solution. The electrolysis produces base (catholyte), further called
"electrolyte,"
with base properties that allow absorbing of pollutant gases such as CO, C02,
NO, N02,
03 and others, thus keeping exhaust clean.
(0010) This invention is directed at the system and equipment that produces
electrolyte
inside the electrolysis chamber and used to absorb the exhaust gases that then
are directed
to the separating tower. The exhaust gases are mixed with electrolyte,
absorbed by it,
separated inside the separating tower and clean air leaves the system. The
electrolyte is
returned back to the cycle. The saturated (dirty) electrolyte is neutralized
and periodically
discharged from the system into the sealed container for recycling.
(0011) The objective of the present invention is to develop an inexpensive
system that
could be applied to an industrial installation (such as a coal fired
electrical power
generation station) as well as a truck/car exhaust systems. The specific
differences of two
systems lay in the amount of the exhaust gases to be absorbed and the
utilization of the
end products. For instant, the end product of the industrial carbon dioxide
system is the
liquid carbon dioxide, which could be used as a raw material for commercially
viable
carbon dioxide gas production. The truck/car carbon dioxide reduction system
could re-
use the neutralized and conditioned water solution, back to the exhaust
reduction system.
(0012) The main aspect of the invention is the production of a base property
fluid inside
the electrolysis chamber. The specified properties needed for the exhaust gas
neutralization are produced as PH at a rate between of 8 to 11 and Oxygen
Reduction
Potential (ORP) is around minus 400-600 mv. The initial test shows that carbon
dioxide
was completely absorbed, for instant the percentage of the carbon dioxide was
15 percent
before the invented equipment applied and 0.00 percent after the treatment.
The other
results on other polluted gases could be seen in the attached report. In one
test the amount
of HC equal to 173 parts per million (ppm) was reduced to 5 ppm, while NO
equal to
1132 ppm before test was reduced to 14 ppm, and CO from 2.09 percent to 0.01
percent,
the amount of exhausted oxygen was increased from 1.2 percent to 20.lpercent.
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The test was carried out at a local automotive repair shop on an ASM
Diagnostic Station
using the established government procedure, approved for car pollution test.
Reports are
attached to this application and shown in Fig.8, 9.
(0013) The objective of this invention is to reduce industrial, diesel gas
exhaust
emission. The proposed method is based on the unique natural carbon dioxide
properties
that include solubility in salty water. One of the industrial methods for
carbon dioxide
reduction or recovery is using amines (base solution) to absorb or dissolve
carbon
dioxide, at controlled rate, producing liquid carbon dioxide and a gaseous
carbon dioxide
for commercial use.
This invention proposes to produce a base solution from the water or water
solution
inside the apparatus at the first stage, and then to use this base solution to
absorb or
dissolve carbon dioxide gas producing the carbon dioxide liquid for commercial
use or
discard it after neutralizing.
(0014) In respect to the proposed invention, the apparatus comprises of an
electrolysis
chamber, air amplifier, pump, separating tower, electrical/control box, tanks,
valves and
piping. The experimental apparatus consists of the same components as above
but
without an air amplifier. The vortex and pump system are used instead. The
exhaust is
propelled into the separating tower by means of the vortex effect, pumped and
mixed
with the base solution inside the system where carbon dioxide is absorbed,
dissolved and
non-dissolved gases are separated on the top of separating tower and leave the
system.
(0015) One of the main aspects of this invention, is the aqueous base solution
absorbing
the carbon dioxide. As carbon dioxide is dissolved in the base solution,
equilibrium is
established involving the carbonate ion. The carbonate ion interacts with
cations in
aqueous base solution. The carbonate ions cause precipitation of certain ions.
For
example, Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions precipitate from large bodies of base solution
as
carbonates such as CaCO3 and MgCO3.
Although "insoluble" in a base aqueous solution, calcium carbonate dissolves
in acidic
solutions. The carbonate ion behaves as a base, as shown below:
CaCO3 (s) + 2H+ (aq) 4 Ca2+ (aq) + H2Co3 (aq)
In case of this invention the hydrogen ion H2+ is produced inside an
electrolysis chamber
on the anode surface and is called a hydronium that works as an acidic
solution in the
above chemical reaction.
The aqueous carbonic acid, which is unstable, dissociates, producing carbon
dioxide gas,
which goes back to a base aqueous solution.
H2C03(aq) <==> H20(l) + C02 (g)
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The base solution could become acidic, because too much C02 dissolves in it.
This
saturated acidic solution could be used as the raw material for commercial
carbon dioxide
production. The acidic saturated solution could also be neutralized by using
base solution
and discarded.
C02(aq) + H20(l) + CaC03(s) F4 Ca2+(aq) + 2HC03 - (aq)
(ion) (weak acid)
This reaction occurs in three steps.
Ca C03 (s)<=> Ca2+(aq) + C03 2- (aq)
C02(aq) + H20(l) <=> H2C03 (aq)
H2C03(aq) + C03 2-(aq) <= > 2HC03- (aq)
In the third step, carbonate ions accept the hydrogen ion from the
electrolysis process and
carbonic acid. In nature, this reaction often occurs when rainwater saturated
with carbon
dioxide seeps through a layer of limestone. The discarded calcium carbonate
forms
deposits of lime when that water is evaporated, causing no harm to
environment.
(0016) One aspect of this invention is that it presents a two-stage process
apparatus for
gas exhaust pollutant reduction. The first stage represents the electrolysis
process, which
produces a base aqueous solution that absorbs carbon dioxide at the second
stage. The
electrolysis chamber comprises of a housing, which houses an anode and a
cathode. The
anode represents a positive electrical terminal and the cathode represents a
negative
electrical terminal. The anode (preferably cylindrical graphite bar) is
installed inside a
corrosion resistant tube that serves as the cathode, thus forming the circular
space
between two electrodes. A ceramic cylinder is installed as a fine filter
partition between
the anode and cathode surfaces for the purpose of preventing anolyte and
catholyte
mixing during the electrolysis process.
(0017) Generally, electrolyte (brine or aqueous solution of ethylene glycol)
enters the
circular space between anode and the fine filter partition. The reason of the
presence of
electrolyte in this specified area is to enhance the electrical conductivity
and electrons
exchange between anode and cathode. The electrical charge of direct current
rated from
12 to 36 volts is applied to start and maintain the electrolysis process
inside the chamber.
The clean water enters the circular space between the fine filter partition
and inside
diameter of the cathode tube. Two fluid are created as a result of
electrolysis: one with
acidic properties, which is used as a disinfecting fluid, and another with
base properties,
which is used as the carbon dioxide (and other pollutant gases) absorbent.
(0018) As an aspect of this invention, the fluid with base properties is mixed
with
incoming carbon dioxide and other pollutant gases. This mixture then goes into
a
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separating tower, treated gases are separated and the base fluid mixture goes
through the
vortex and pump system back to the treatment inside the base fluid. When the
mixture of
the base fluid and carbon dioxide becomes saturated it is discarded or
undergoes further
treatment for the next stage of the process, (for example, commercial grade
carbon
dioxide production).
(0019) Other aspects and features of the present invention will become
apparent upon
review of the following description of specific embodiment of the invention in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings and pictures.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS AND PICTURES
(0020) Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of
example
only, with reference to the attached Figures, wherein:
(0021) Fig. 1 is a conceptual drawing of the process and experimental
apparatus
(0022) Fig.2 is a conceptual drawing of the assembly for reduction of
pollution from
commercial, diesel or car engines exhaust gas.
(0023) Fig.3 is a conceptual flow diagram of the industrial process
application for
reduction of polluting gas exhaust.
(0024) Fig.4 is a sectional view of the electrolysis chamber
(0025) Fig.5 is a sectional view of the separating tower for reduction of
pollutants from
commercial, diesel or car engines polluting exhaust gas
(0026) Fig.6 is cross-sectional view of the compact design system designed for
reduction
of pollutants from commercial, diesel, car engines exhaust gas, as shown on
assembly of
Fig.2
(0027) Fig.7 is a picture of the experimental assembly for testing car gas
exhaust
(0028) Fig.8, 9 are copies of test results of the car exhaust pollution
reduction testing.
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION
(0029) Generally, the present invention provides a method, apparatus and
system for the
reduction of pollution in gas exhaust.
(0030) In a preferred embodiment, the method, system and apparatus in
accordance
with the invention is directed at reduction of polluting ingredients inside
exhaust gases
by proposing a two stage system that, first, produces base property aqueous
solution,
which then absorbs the polluting gases inside the system, releasing clean
gases into the
air and sends the saturated liquid carbon dioxide to commercial carbon dioxide
production system (that is not a subject of this invention) or to neutralize
the mixture and
safely discards it.
(0031) Turning to FIG.1, a conceptual drawing of the process is shown. The
aqueous
solution inside the electrolysis chamber 01 is converted into two
electrolytes: one with
acidic/disinfecting properties (anolyte) and another with base properties
(catholyte),
which is used to absorb pollutants in gas exhaust, (specifically carbon
dioxide). Then the
base electrolyte (catholyte) is pumped by a pump 02 into the separating tower
03, where
it is mixed with incoming polluting gases, and the mixture of catholyte and
gases is
propelled to the bottom of the tower 03 by pump 02, which pushes the mixture
through
the system. The carbon gas absorption is based on its natural properties of
being
dissolved in salty ocean water. The base electrolyte (catholyte), which is
produced inside
the electrolysis chamber 01, has extra free active electrons (in the form of
hydroxyls OH-
) that provide a much better conditions for carbon dioxide absorbing than the
salty ocean
water. The suggested parameters of the base electrolyte (catholyte) should be
as of
follows: PH=8-10 and ORP= -300-600 millivolts. It was proven by initial
testing and
comparison to the conditions that are created by using salty water (about 3
percent salt)
and base electrolyte (catholyte) and was registered and recorded. The
described system
includes a 5-micron filter 04, which retains particulates coming with the
exhaust gases.
(0032) FIG.2 shows the conceptual assembly of a commercial, truck, car
pollution
reduction system for exhaust gas. The suggested assembly proposes that the
electrolysis
chamber 05, and separating tower 06 are designed to form a combined apparatus
that
advantageously takes less space while having the same functional advantages
and could
be adjusted to smaller capacity requirements. The exhaust gas enters the
system through
the pre-filter 08, air amplifier 07 and then enters the combined apparatus
comprising of
an electrolysis chamber 05 and separating tower 06. The incoming gas mixes
with the
base electrolyte inside the separating tower 06 and then this mixture is
sucked into the
electrolysis chamber 05. The suggested parameters of the base electrolyte
(catholyte) for
polluting gas treatment should be as of as follows: PH = 8-10 and ORP= -300 -
600
millivolts. The absorption process developed better at a higher temperature.
The treated
mixture leaves the chamber 05 through the filter 09 and is pushed back to the
separating
tower 06 with the help of a pump 10.
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The gas and fluid separation occurs inside the separating tower 06, treated
gas leaves the
system through the exit pipe 11 and a mixture of gas and base electrolyte
(catholyte)
circulates inside the closed loop until it becomes saturated. At this point
the mixture is
drained, neutralized and safely discarded.
(0033) The conceptual flow diagram for industrial polluting gas treatment is
shown in
FIG.3. The base electrolyte is prepared inside the system, which consists of
separating
tower 17 and electrolysis chamber 16. The electrolyte electrochemical
parameters should
be as follows: PH 8-10 and ORP= minus 300 to minus 600 mv. The exhaust
polluting
gases leave the industrial process building 12, through the exhaust stock 13.
The
particulate is retained inside the air filter (could be electrostatic
precipitator) 14 and gases
enter the air amplifier 15. The air amplifier 15 provides the low pressure and
temperature
conditions for the gases entering separating tower 17 (it could be calculated
numbers
depending on required capacity). The lower part of the separating tower 17 is
designed to
provide vortex-mixing conditions in order to assure maximum mixing of the
incoming
exhaust gases and base electrolyte 31. At the same time the vortex phenomena
provides
the suction effect that helps pump 24 deliver the mixture of gases and
electrolyte into the
electrolysis chamber through the 5 micron filter 25. The electrolysis chamber
16 needs
brine and fresh water (city, ground or surface) to produce base electrolyte 31
(catholyte)
and disinfecting fluid 32 (anolyte). The suggested brine concentration should
be between
1 and 3 percents and prepared in the plastic holding tank 18 supplied with
level control
20, salt holding perforating screen 30 and a pump 27 for make-up water. The
polluting
gases are treated (absorbed) inside the system comprising of a electrolysis
chamber 16
and separating tower 17 and enter the storage tower 21, where the mixture is
kept under
specified conditions (20 degrees C. and 30 kilogram per square centimeters
pressure).
The mixture of carbon dioxide and other non-separated gases are returned back
to the
system comprising of the separating tower 17 and electrolysis chamber 16 and
circulated
inside the closed loop with the help of pump 24 until it is saturated or
concentrated
enough to be pumped to storage tower 21 by pump 22. From here, another stage
of
treatment can be employed either commercial carbon dioxide production or for
safe
discarding. The required level of carbon dioxide concentration inside the
catholyte should
be specified by the requirements of the liquid carbon dioxide for an end
product
fabrication, (for example, commercial carbon dioxide gas). The anolyte or
disinfecting
fluid 32 that is produced in the electrolysis chamber 16 could be returned to
the brine
tank 18 and circulated inside the closed loop with the help from pump 26 until
required
concentration of the disinfecting fluid 32 is reached (the concentration of
the active
chlorine must be measured and should be at a level of 500-800 parts per
million of
chlorine ions).
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(0034) A cross-sectional view of the electrolysis chamber 16 is shown in FIG.4
and
FIG 4A is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A of FIG.4. It is made
up of the
electrolysis chamber 16 diaphragm 36, a bottom plate with water inlet 37, a
brine solution
inlet 38, an anolyte (top) housing 39, an anolyte discharge nozzle 40, top
cover 41,
electrical contact (stud) 42, an insulating phenol ball 43, an o-ring 44, a
cathode electrical
contact 47, catholyte discharge nozzle 45, compression fitting 46.
(0035) In operation, fresh water enters the electrolysis chamber 16 through
the nozzle
37, which is preferably arranged tangentially with respect to the cathode 35.
The water is
then pushed into an electrically charged circular space through holes 48,
preferably,
drilled at the angle of 15 degrees to the bottom of the plate 37. The
tangential
arrangement of the holes 48 causes water to whirl in the circular space
between the
surfaces of the diaphragm 36 and cathode 35, which provides better flow
movement near
the electrically charged surfaces and improves ion exchange.
(0036) While water (electrolyte) is entering the charged space between the
cathode 35
and the diaphragm 36, concentrated brine, preferably, 1-3 % of NaCI in water,
enters the
electrically charged circular space between the anode 34 and the diaphragm 36.
It will be
understood that the charged spaces are created by the electrical supply inside
the
electrical\control box 28.
(0037) As in FIG.3 the base electrolyte 31 that is produced by the
electrolytic process
inside the catholyte and diaphragm surfaces, is then mixed with incoming gases
and
discharged from the chamber 16 into the separating tower 17. Here gases are
separated or
absorbed and saturated liquid carbon dioxide is directed to the storage tower
21 and then
for cleaning and recovery.
(0038) The cross-sectional view of the separating tower is shown in FIG.5 and
FIG.5A.
In operation, exhaust gases enter the separating tower 49 through nozzle 57
and directed
into cone 55 at the tower bottom. The vortex movement, which is created inside
the cone
55 helps to propell the gases into the circulating pump suction line, which
pushes the
saturated gas and fluid mixture through the electrolysis chamber for treatment
and back
to the separating tower 49. The gas-fluid mixture comes back to tower 49
through
tangentially attached nozzle 53 located at the top part of tower 49. Partial
gas and fluid
separation occurs at the top of tower 49, thus fluid comes to the bottom cone
of the tower
and non-absorbed gases pass through the filter-mist eliminator 52, gas top
chamber 51
and leaves the tower through nozzle 63. The top chamber is provided with a
cover 58
supplied with o-ring 59. Top chamber 51 is attached to tower 49 main shell by
means of
quick release clamp 60, which provides quick access to the filter-mist
eliminator 52. The
absorbed gases stay inside fluid 62 and are circulated with the fluid until
the saturation
point of the gas-fluid mixture is reached, and the control system indicates
the point of
saturation. The base plate 61 is designed to create fluid passage to the
electrolyte
chamber and serves as a mounting plate for tower 49. Nozzle 54 is tangentially
attached
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to the shell of tower 49 to enhance the vortex motion created by the bottom
cone 55 of
tower 49.
(0039) FIG.6 provides a cross-sectional view of a specially designed system
that can be
sized and used in limited spaces. In addition, it is combined with a
separating tower to
form a combined apparatus for specific applications such as reduction of gas
pollution
from diesel engines, car engines or small commercial polluting apparatus.
(0040) The compact system assembly design of the apparatus is shown in FIG.2.
FIG.6
and gives the images of the parts, details and configuration of the compact
assembly of
the electrolysis chamber and separating tower design.
(0041) In operation, the apparatus must be filled with fluid that is to be
converted into
base electrolyte (catholyte) with properties as follows: PH=8-10, ORP = minus
200 to
minus 600 mv. Exhaust gas enters the apparatus through nozzle 85 and is
directed to the
bottom cone 79 of separating tower 70. Cone 79 provides the vortex conditions,
which
help to propel gas-fluid mixture into electrolysis chamber 67. The combination
of anode
64, cathode 66, 5 micron filter 65 creates the conditions for the electrolysis
process to
take place and converts incoming fluid into catholyte with the required
properties.
Negative 87 and positive 83 electrodes provide the electrical charge for the
electrolysis
process. The electrical parameters of this supply are as follows: Voltage 24
Volts (max)
of Direct Current, and up to 2 (max) amperage. The gas and fluid mixture
passes through
the anode 64, cathode 66 channels formed by the filter 65 (5 micron porous
tube) where
the absorption process takes place. The electrically charged fluid (catholyte)
absorbs
gases, including carbon dioxide. The gas-fluid mixture leaves the electrolysis
chamber 67
through nozzle 88 and goes to separating tower 70 through nozzle 21 supplied
with sight
glass 22. Here the non-absorbed (non-dissolved gases) leave tower 70 passing
through
filter-mist eliminator 81 and nozzle 86.The fluid and absorbed gas mixture
comes back to
electrolysis chamber 67, picks up the incoming exhaust gas, which comes from
nozzle
85 and vortexes it into chamber 67. The saturated gas-fluid mixture is drained
through
nozzle 69 at the bottom of chamber 67. The separating tower 70 and chamber 67
is held
together by means of quick released clamps 75 and gasket 80. The top 84 and
bottom 72
covers enclose the described assembly. The chamber 67 has top 76 and bottom 71
covers
and spacers 73, 74, 77 to keep assembly at the required conditions.
(0042) FIG.7 represents a picture of the experimental test assembly for gas
exhaust
reduction. The assembly has been built to prove the proposed concept of carbon
dioxide
absorbing by means of base electrolyte (catholyte) whose properties and
reaction with
carbon dioxide confirms the applied theory. The assembly has been tested on
initially
selected car(s) with help of automotive electronic Diagnostic Test equipment
(approved
by Canadian Government). The test results were recorded and shown in the
attached
FIG.8 and 9.
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(0043) The test results are shown in FIG.8, 9 and indicate the before & after
results of
the proposed concept testing and they are self-explanatory. FIG.8 presents non-
treated
car gas exhaust and FIG.9 shows the data after treatment by proposed method.
(0044) The above-described embodiments of the present invention are intended
to be
examples only. Those with skill in the art may effect some changes,
modifications and
variations to the particular embodiments without departing from the scope of
the
invention, which is defined solely by the claims appended hereto.
