Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR UNCLOGGING FLOW SYSTEMS
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention is directed to an apparatus and method for the
safe
removal and prevention of build-up of undesirable coatings on inner pipe walls
in fluid
carrying pipes and systems in industrial, commercial, military, hospitality,
food processing,
transportation and household applications.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
[0002] Clogs are a common problem in any device in which flowable materials
flow through narrow passages. Examples of devices in which clogs occur include
drains
of plumbing fixtures such as sinks, toilets, bathtubs and showers. Additional
examples of
devices in which clogs can occur are automobile radiators/cooling systems,
heat
exchangers and marine engine (outboard, inboard and inboard/outboard) cooling
systems,
especially those that use seawater for cooling.
[0003] One method for cleaning clogs in drains is using a cable drain tool
(e.g., a
snake). However, tools such as these may damage plumbing fixtures and may
prove
difficult to use in some situations such as sinks and bathtubs with drains
having narrow
passages and/or a series of bends. Another method for cleaning drains includes
using
chemicals including caustics and acids. This method has drawbacks in that the
chemicals
are highly detrimental to plumbing systems and plumbing fixtures and may cause
personal
injury and/or destroy metal fittings. Additionally, caustic chemicals may
damage PVC
pipes and acids may damage porcelain. Yet another method for cleaning clogs
involves
the use of high pressure devices that may rupture plumbing joints.
[0004] In order to address these problems, other methods and devices involving
the
sequential application of a series of pressure and vacuum pulses have been
developed.
These methods and devices are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,664,284;
5,193,245;
5,105,504; and 4,933,017, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by
reference
herein. These methods and devices have proven successful in clearing clogs in
a wide
variety of applications. However, there is room for improvement in each of
these methods
and devices.
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[0005] U.S. Patent Nos. 5,105,504 and 4,933,017 describe devices that include
a
mechanism for varying the application of pressure and vacuum forces to a
clogged drain
that is remote from a hose through which the pressure/ vacuum is applied to
the drain.
Although not apparent from these patents, it has been discovered that in many
situations,
especially those involving clogged drains in household plumbing fixtures, it
is necessary as
a practical matter for a first person to hold the hose in place over the
clogged drain while a
second person manipulates the mechanism to alternate the application of
pressure and
vacuum. The practical necessity for two people to practice the inventions
taught in these
patents increases the cost associated with the practice of those inventions.
[0006] U.S. Patent No. 5,193,245, which is a continuation-in-part of the '504
and
'017 patents, includes an embodiment depicted in Figs. 4 and 5 with a trigger
76 located at
an end of the hose that controls a solenoid 80 that moves a blade or damper in
a control
manifold that allows the operator to switch between a vacuum and a pressure
position.
While this embodiment may allow operation of the device by a single person, it
too suffers
from a drawback in that the solenoid valve only allows the operator to switch
between full
pressure and full vacuum. This can be problematic for two reasons. First, when
using the
device in a fragile environment such as an old plumbing system, it may be
desirable to
operate the device with only partial pressure and/or partial vacuum for some
portion or all
of the process. Second, even when full pressure or vacuum are to be used, it
is often
desirable to slowly build to full pressure or vacuum to avoid shock to fragile
systems
and/or to avoid agitating waste in, for example, a clogged toilet bowl. The
embodiment of
Figs. 4 and 5 do not allow an operator to remotely control the application of
partial
vacuums or pressures or the application of a slowly building pressure or
vacuum.
[0007] U.S. Patent No. 5,664,284 describes a hand held device that includes a
trigger 24, shown in Figs. 1 and 2, that can be manipulated by a person
holding the device
over a clogged drain to vary the application of pressure and vacuum. However,
this hand
held device has proven difficult to use in some situations. Also, the hand
held device may
be considered difficult to lift and position by certain users, which is
especially aggravated
in a household setting. Furthermore, there are practical constraints on the
size, and thus
the power, of the motor that creates the vacuum and pressure forces in a hand-
held device.
[0008] The use of chemicals and agents to remove contaminating materials from
the inside surfaces of piping systems is also well known. These chemicals and
agents are
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used in applications from the removal of grease , scale, and bacteria to human
hair and
other forms of material which block flows. The limitation of these chemicals
is their need
to reach the surface of the pipe affected by the contamination in a uniform
and effective
way and stay in contact long enough to be effective. The effect of gravity
alone tends to
force the chemical or agent to the lower surface of the pipes leaving upper
surfaces
untouched and untreated.
[0009] Some contaminating materials are physically aggressive and adhere or
stick
to pipe surface resulting in incomplete clearing and cleaning. Mechanical
methods e.g.,
fetters, are sometimes employed to agitate the dispensing of materials but
these tend to
utilize more active chemicals or agents and reduce the contact time with the
contaminated
surface.
SUMMARY OF TIDE INVENTION
[0010] The present invention addresses the aforementioned issues to a great
extent
by providing a device including a pressure and vacuum source connected to a
plenum
having a hose attached to the plenum at a proximal end and a control mechanism
attached
to the hose near a distal end, wherein in the control mechanism is operable to
control the
plenum to rapidly switch between variable amounts of vacuum and pressure to
the hose.
Preferably, the plenum can also be configured by the control mechanism to
supply neither
vacuum nor pressure to the hose. The invention is suitable for use in a wide
variety of
settings, including industrial, commercial, hospitality industry, and
household settings.
[0011] In some embodiments, the control mechanism can be detached from the end
of the hose so that submerging the control mechanism in standing water in
order to
position the hose end over a clog is not necessary when the standing water is
higher than
usual. Alternatively, the distance between the control mechanism and the end
of the hose
can be adjusted to deal with such situations.
[0012] In highly preferred embodiments, the control mechanism comprises a
potentiometer that is configured to supply an input signal to an actuator
conttrol circuit
configured to control a motor that moves one or more adjustable vanes in the
plenum to
provide the desired amount of pressure or vacuum. Alternatively, mechanical
control
mechanisms are used. In one alternative embodiment, the control mechanism
comprises a
cable connected at one end to an adjustable vane in a plenum and connected at
the other
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end to an operator controlled lever that allows the operator to manipulate the
lever to
provide the desired amount of pressure or vacuum.
[0013] In yet other embodiments of the invention, a technique referred to
herein as
pulsed wave cavitation (PWC) involves the use of the above-discussed device or
other
devices to create a wave motion of the chemical or agent which is reversed at
a
predetermined interval and whose result is a very complete covering of alI
surface together
with a cavitating effect at the point of wave reversal whose energy level
aggressively
attacks the contaminants. For applications like sanitizing or disinfecting the
same
technique of PWC will allow the uniform coating of inside surfaces with
materials that
will have a lasting effect on the surfaces.
[0014] An aspect of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for
variably
applying pressure and vacuum to fluid contained in a pipe to remove, reduce
and/or
prevent build-up of unwanted coatings in the pipe comprising: a source of
pressure and
vacuum, a hose having a proximal end connected to the source of pressure and
vacuum
and a distal end adapted and configured to provide a seal between the hose and
the pipe,
and control means near the distal end of the hose for variably controlling the
amounts of
pressure and/or vacuum applied through the hose to the pipe.
[0015] Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a method of
removing,
reducing andlor preventing build-up of unwanted coatings in a pipe. The method
comprises providing a source of pressure and vacuum, providing a hose having a
proximal
end connected to the source of pressure and vacuum and a distal end adapted
and
configured to provide a seal between the hose and the pipe, and variably
controlling
amounts of pressure and/or vacuum applied through the hose to the pipe with a
controller
mounted near the distal end of the hose.
[0016] These and other aspects of the present invention will be more apparent
from
the following description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] A more complete appreciation of the invention and many of the attendant
features and advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same become
better
understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered
in
connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
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[0018] Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an unclogging device according to one
embodiment of the invention.
[0019] Figs. 2a-2c are perspective views of attachable accessories suitable
for use
with the unclogging device of Fig. 1.
[0020] Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view of a plenum of the unclogging device
of Fig.
1.
[0021] Fig. 4 is a side view of a vane in the plenum of Fig. 3.
[0022] Fig. 5 is a block diagram of a control system for controlling a vane in
the
plenum of Fig. 3.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] The present invention will be discussed with reference to preferred
embodiments of clog removing devices. Specific details are set forth in order
to provide a
thorough understanding of the present invention. The preferred embodiments
discussed
herein should not be understood to limit the invention. Furthermore, for ease
of
understanding, certain method steps are delineated as separate steps; however,
these steps
should not be construed as necessarily distinct nor order dependent in their
performance.
[0024] Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an unclogging device 10 according to a
preferred embodiment of the present invention. The unclogging device 10
includes a
collection chamber 20 in which is mounted a blower motor (not shown in Fig. 1)
for
creating a vacuum at port 23 and pressure at port 25. Although a single blower
motor is
used to create both the pressure and vacuum in preferred embodiments, it is
also possible
to practice the invention with separate vacuum and pressure sources. The
collection
chamber 20 collects materials drawn into vacuum port. The blower motor is
controlled by
on/off switch 21. Connected to the ports 23 and 25 is a plenum 60. The plenum
60
includes a vane (not shown in Fig. 1) mounted on a shaft 365 (shown in phantom
in Fig. 1)
which is rotated by actuator 310. A hose 30 is attached at one end 31 to an
inlet/outlet
sleeve 108 at the plenum 60. The other end 32 of the hose 30 is inserted into
a pipe or
drain 42 of a clogged sink 40. The hose end 32 is preferably shaped, either
integrally or
through use of attachable accessories, so that a tight fit between the hose
end 32 and drains
42 of different diameters and configurations can be made to provide a seal
between the
hose end 32 and the drain 42. Preferred embodiments of attachable accessories
210, 220,
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230 suitable for use with the invention are illustrated in Figs. 2a, 2b and
2c, respectively.
Accessory 210 gives the hose end 32 a flared configuration as illustrated in
Fig. 1.
Providing a variety of attachable accessories makes the device 10 suitable for
use with a
wide variety of flow systems. Those of skill in the art will recognize that a
wide variety of
shapes and configurations for such attachable accessories are possible and are
within the
purview of the present invention.
[0025] In one embodiment of the invention, additives such as solvents,
degreasers,
soaps, abrasives, colloidal chemicals, corrosion inhibitors, bactericides and
viricides may
be supplied to the pipe or drain 42 using any suitable means. For example, a
port and
fitting 36 may be provided at any suitable location on the hose 30, or at any
other location
which provides flow communication with the pipe or drain 42.
[0026] Refernng now back to Fig. 1, near the flared end 32 of the hose 30 is
mounted a potentiometer 320. Two wires 321, 322 connect the potentiometer to
the
actuator 310. As will be discussed in further detail below, the actuator 310
allows the
operator to control the amount of pressure/vacuum that is applied to the drain
42. The
potentiometer 320 of Fig. 1 is of a type that is manipulated by turning a
round knob, but
any type of potentiometer may be used. The potentiometer 320 is preferably
mounted on
the hose 30 in a manner that will allow a user to reposition the potentiometer
320 on the
hose 30 if necessary to avoid submerging the potentiometer 320 in standing
water around a
drain into which the flared hose end 32 is inserted. In some embodiments, the
potentiometer 320 is mounted to the hose 30 by a spring clip that extends
partially around
the circumference of the hose. This allows the potentiometer 320 to be slid
along the hose
to different distances from the flared end 32 or to be removed from the hose
end 30. (In
other embodiments, a simple on/off switch may be used in place of the
potentiometer 320).
[0027] Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view of the plenum 60 of Fig. 1. The plenum
60
includes a housing 92 that forms an interior chamber 94 in which is mounted a
movable
vane, or damper, 96 mounted on a shaft 365 for directing pressure and vacuum
pulses to
the drain 42. The interior chamber 94 includes a pressure chamber 98 through
which
pressurized air from port 125 (supplied by the motor in the collection chamber
20 of Fig. 1
via port 25) is applied to the hose 30 via inlet/outlet sleeve 108 and/or
vented to the
atmosphere via exhaust port 122, depending on the position of the vane 96. The
interior
chamber 94 also includes a vacuum port 100 through which the vacuum from port
123
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(supplied by the motor in the collection chamber 20 of Fig. 1 via port 23) is
applied to the
hose 30 and/or vented to the atmosphere via exhaust port 122, again depending
upon the
position of the vane 96. The inner surfaces 110 of the side walls 102a are
tapered just
below the inlet/outlet sleeve 108 to form a sealing surface for engaging the
upper sealing
surfaces 112 on both sides of the vane 96.
[0028] The plenum 60 also includes an interior partition 114 comprising
vertically
oriented, spaced apart partition walls 116 that extend between and are
attached to the front
wall 104 and rear wall 102 of the plenum 60. The interior partition 114 is
preferably
molded integrally with the plenum 60. The upper edges 118 of each partition
wall 116 are
beveled to provide a sealing surface for engaging the lower sealing ,surfaces
120 of the
vane 96. Additionally, a stop shoulder 121 is located at the upper edge of
each partition
wall 116 for limiting movement of the vane 96.
[0029] The provision of the sealing surfaces 112, 120 on the vane 96, 121 on
the
partition 114, and 110 on the tapered side walls 102a ensure that full vacuum
or pressure is
supplied to the hose 108 when the vane 96 is in a corresponding full vacuum or
pressure
position.
[0030] Fig. 4 is a side view of the vane 96 of Fig. 3. The vane 96 is
generally
rectangular and is divided into major 124a and minor 124b parts along a pivot
axis A-A
defined by a pivot hub 365 which is hollow in the enlarged portion 365a. The
ends 128 of
the hub 365 extend through the walls 102, 104 at openings 132, 134.
[0031] Fig. 5 is a block diagram 300 of the actuator 310 that controls
movement of
the vane 96 in the plenum 60 of Fig. 3. Moving the vane 96 controls the amount
of
vacuum or pressure supplied to the hose 30. The shaft 365 to which the vane 96
is
attached is connected to a reversible electric motor 340, which operates under
the control
of an actuator control circuit 30. The actuator control circuit 30 controls
the motor 340 to
position the shaft 365 in accordance with a variable element in the form of a
potentiometer
320. The actuator control circuit receives a position feedback input 366
indicative of the
position of the shaft 365. In Fig. 3, the feedback input 366' comprises a
mechanical
connection between the shaft 365 and a wiper of a second potentiometer forming
part of
the actuator control circuit 330.
[0032] Actuator control circuits are well known in the HVAC and valve control
fields. Exemplary actuator control circuits are illustrated in U.S. Patent
Nos. 5,153,493
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and 3,975,669, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference
herein. The
details of actuator control circuit 330 will not be discussed in further
detail herein. It will
be recognized by those of skill in the art that actuator control circuits
employing types of
variable circuit elements other than potentiometers and types of feedback
arrangements
(e.g., a feedback signal derived from a synchro connected to the shaft 365)
could be used
in place of the feedback input 366.
[0033] An important aspect of actuator control circuit 330 is that it allows
an
operator to control, via the potentiometer 320, the vane 96 to provide full
vacuum, full
pressure, or varying degrees of each. This allows a user to limit the highest
amount of
pressure or vacuum being applied, which can be very important when dealing
with fragile
plumbing systems. This feature also allows a user to position the vane 96 in a
"neutral"
position in which no net vacuum or pressure is being supplied to the hose,
thereby
avoiding disturbing any standing water or other debris in a sink/toilet/tub
before the hose is
in the desired position. This should be contrasted with devices which default
to a vacuum
setting, which can cause undesired vacuuming and/or agitation of standing
water and
debris surrounding the drain.
[0034] Once the hose is in its desired position over a drain, the actuator
control
circuit 330 allows the operator to control the rate at which the pressure or
vacuum
increases and decreases so that an amount of vacuum/pressure appropriate for
the job is
applied via the potentiometer 320. Moreover, because the potentiometer 320 is
located
near an end of the hose 320, the aforementioned control of the vane 96 can be
accomplished while the same user holds the hose in position over the drain 42,
thereby
eliminating the need for a second person while not burdening a single user
with the
necessity of positioning an entire device over a drain as is the case with the
device of U.S.
Patent No. 5,664,24. Among other things, this allows the use of a larger, more
powerful
blower motor than would otherwise be possible or desirable.
[0035] The invention may be practiced with actuator control circuits that
allow
continuous variation in the positioning of the vane 96 between the vacuum and
pressure
positions. However, it is also possible to practice the invention with
actuator control
circuits that allow the vane 96 to be positioned in one of a number of
discrete positions
between the full vacuum and full pressure positions.
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[0036] In addition to the actuator control mechanisms of the preferred
embodiments discussed above, other types of control mechanisms may also be
used. One
example of such a control mechanism is similar to the type used for throttle
control in
power equipment such as lawnmowers and on bicycles for brake and derailleur
control.
Such a control mechanism comprises a sheathed cable connected at one end to an
adjustable vane in a plenum (e.g., the vane 96 of plenum 60) and connected at
the other
end (which may be located at the end of hose 30 in a position similar to
potentiometer 320)
to an operator controlled lever that allows the operator to manipulate the
lever to provide
the desired amount of pressure or vacuum. Such embodiments may include a
biasing
spring attached between the vane and the plenum such that the biasing spring
urges the
vane toward the vacuum position or, in some embodiments, the neutral position.
The
operator controlled lever may move freely (such as a brake cable on a bicycle)
such that
the operator is required to maintain pressure on the lever to keep the lever
in any position
other than full vacuum as urged by the biasing spring. Alternatively, the
operator
controlled lever may be provided with friction (such as a gear shift cable
that controls the
derailleur on a bicycle) such that the lever remains in the position selected
by the operator
even if the operator releases the lever. Other types of control mechanisms are
also
possible.
[0037] Although the use of a vane valve as illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4 is
primarily
described herein, any other suitable type of valve may be used in accordance
with the
present invention. For example, rotary valves may be used, such as described
in U.S.
Provisional Application Serial No. filed November 18, 2004 entitled
"Rotary Fluid Flow Valve", which is incorporated herein by reference. Such a
rotary valve
may be tubular in configuration with an inner cylinder that rotates with
respect to an outer
cylinder. Vacuum and pressure lines are connected through openings in the
outer wall of
the outer cylinder, and holes selectively positioned through the walls of the
inner cylinder
pass by the vacuum and pressure openings of the outer cylinder as the inner
cylinder
rotates to alternatively apply vacuum and pressure. The inner cylinder may be
manually
rotated or may be motor driven at any desired rotational speed.
[0038] In another embodiment of the invention, pulsed wave cavitation (PWC)
involves the use of the above-discussed devices or other devices to create a
wave motion
of the chemical or agent which is reversed at a predetermined interval. The
result is a very
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complete covering of all surface together with a cavitating effect at the
point of wave
reversal whose energy level aggressively attacks the contaminants. For
applications like
sanitizing or disinfecting the same technique of PWC allows the uniform
coating of inside
surfaces with materials who will have a lasting effect on the surfaces. The
high energy in
this wave or pulse can also be combined with a specially blended colloid added
to the
chemical or agent whose action will be to act as an abrasive together with the
base
chemical or agent to cause a scouring effect. The pulsed wave cavitation
effect may be
coupled with commercially available cleansing/decontamination fluids such as
solvents,
degreasers, soaps, suspended abrasives, colloidal chemicals, corrosion
inhibitors,
bactericides, viricides and the like, which accelerate the cleaning
capabilities of the
apparatus in the removal of unwanted films from the pipe wall interiors. Such
fluids may
be selected such that they perform optimally when coupled with the pulsed wave
cavitation
effect generated by the apparatus, as opposed to being used as a cleansing
fluid under non-
PWC agitation. After being applied using the PWC process, such fluids may
provide a
thin film residue on the pipe walls in order to provide corrosion inhibition,
reduce surface
tension (to eliminate the build-up of films), reduce and/or eliminate post
treatment bio-
fouling and/or seal the pipe wall from the flowing stream to prevent pipe
materials from
leaching chemicals into the stream. For example, the occurrence of lead
leaching from
drinking water pipes may be reduced or elimitnated.
[0039] Preferably, protocols of pressure/vacuum amounts and timing can be
developed to automatically control the device to perform a complete a cycle of
cleaning
and stripping with a follow on sanitizing step to effect a complete piping
system
refurbishment. The wave action can be created in several ways and the key
action is at the
point where the wave reverses direction causing the cavitating effect. As
discussed
previously, a colloid can be added to an existing chemical formula to enhance
it's
effectiveness when combined.in an agitated medium. Pulse wave cavitation is
one such
medium but others where similar agitation and covering are present will also
function.
The ability to ensure complete coating of inside services could allow
proactive sanitizing
programs to be uniquely effective for killing e.g. viruses and bacteria.
[0040] Whereas particular embodiments of this invention have been described
above for purposes of illustration, it will be evident to those skilled in the
art that
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numerous variations of the details of the present invention may be made
without departing
from the invention as defined in the appended claims.
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