Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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CA 02571225 2006-12-15
LIFT TRUCK
Background of the Invention
This invention relates to a lift truck, and particularly to
a lift truck capable of being used with a clamping apparatus for
grasping a load from two or more sides.
A lift truck is a self-propelled vehicle equipped with a
movable frame, referred to as a carriage, which can be raised and
lowered along an upright mast. Various attachments, such as
forks or clamps for supporting or grasping a load, can be mounted
on the carriage so that the lift truck can raise and lower the
load.
The carriage of a lift truck is usually equipped with
rollers which roll along the inside of channels forming the mast.
The engagement between the rollers and the channels enables the
channels to resist forces acting on the carriage in the fore-and-
aft direction of the lift truck, or moments acting on the
carriage about an axis extending in the widthwise direction of
the lift truck (such as can result from a load disposed in front
of the lift truck). However, the channels have a much smaller
ability to resist forces acting on the carriage in the widthwise
direction of the lift truck, or moments acting on the carriage
about an axis extending in the fore-and-aft direction of the lift
truck (such as can result when a load being supported by the lift
truck is spaced in the widthwise direction from the centerline
plane of the lift truck, which is a vertical plane extending in
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the fore-and-aft direction of the lift truck and running through
the widthwise center of the lift truck). Such a widthwise force
or moment can cause the wheels of the carriage to be pressed
against the channels or to become misaligned with the channels of
the mast, making it difficult for the carriage to travel smoothly
up and down the mast. In addition, because the rollers are
typically made of a hard material such as steel, the misalignment
can cause the rollers to gouge the channels, resulting in damage
to the rollers and/or the channels.
Summary of the Invention
The present invention provides a mast structure for a lift
truck having improved ability to smoothly raise and lower a load,
even when the center of gravity of the load is spaced from the
centerline plane of the lift truck.
The present invention also provides a lift truck employing
such a mast structure.
The present invention additionally provides a lift truck
attachment, such as a clamping apparatus, which can easily be
mounted on a lift truck.
According to one form of the present invention, a mast
structure for a lift truck includes a mast, a carriage for
supporting a load mounted on the mast, and a guide arrangement
including a guide member secured to the mast and a guided member
mounted on the carriage and engageable with the guide member as
the carriage moves along the mast. The guide arrangement can
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resist forces acting on the carriage in a widthwise direction of
a lift truck and moments acting on the carriage about an axis
extending in a fore-and-aft direction of the lift truck.
There may be a single guided member, or a plurality of
guided members may be spaced along the guide member. The guided
member may be engageable with the guide member in various
manners, such as by rolling contact or sliding contact. The mast
structure can be mounted on various types of lift trucks.
According to another form of the present invention, a
clamping apparatus for use with =a lift truck includes a frame,
a plurality of clamping arms mounted on the frame, and a pair of
fork engaging members secured to the frame between two of the
clamping arms. The clamping apparatus can be easily mounted on a
lift truck by inserting forks of the lift truck into the fork
engaging members.
In order to prevent the clamping apparatus from sliding
along the forks of the lift truck during use, the lift truck may
be equipped with a mounting bracket which is detachably
engageable with the clamping apparatus.
According to yet another form of the present invention, a
lift truck includes a truck body and a mast supported by the
truck body. The mast includes first uprights disposed parallel
to each other, second uprights disposed parallel to each other on
opposite widthwise sides of the first uprights, and a guide
member supported by one of the uprights for maintaining the first
and second uprights parallel to each other. In a preferred
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embodiment, the guide member comprises a roller mounted on one of
the uprights for rolling contact with another of the uprights and
having a rotational axis extending in a fore-and-aft direction of
the lift truck. The guide member prevents the first uprights
from tilting with respect to the second uprights when a moment is
applied to the first uprights and thereby allows the first
uprights to smoothly translate along the second uprights.
According to still another form of the present invention, a
lift truck attachment for mounting on a lift truck includes first
and second fork engaging members each shaped for receiving a
horizontal portion of a fork of a lift truck. A latching member
is associated with the first fork engaging member and is movable
between a first position in which it prevents withdrawal of a
fork of a lift truck from the first fork engaging member and a
second position in which it permits withdrawal of a fork of a
lift truck from the first fork engaging member. In a preferred
embodiment, the latching member is disposed to the rear of a
vertical portion of a fork of a lift truck when in its first
position. The latching member enables the lift truck attachment
to be detachably connected to a lift truck so as to prevent the
attachment from translating along the forks of the lift truck.
According to a further aspect of the present invention,
there is provided a clamping apparatus for mounting on a lift
truck comprising a cross-shaped frame having first and second
legs aligned with each other and third and fourth legs aligned
with each other and extending at right angles to the first and
second legs, four clamping arms each mounted on one of the
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legs of the frame and movable with respect to the frame for
grasping and releasing a load, a plurality of actuators
connected to the clamping arms to move each clamping arm with
respect to the frame towards and away from an opposing one of
the clamping arms, first and second fork engaging members
mounted on the first and second legs of the frame,
respectively, on opposite sides of the third leg in parallel
with each other, each fork engaging member shaped for
receiving a horizontal leg of a fork of the lift truck, and a
first latching member movable between a first position in
which it prevents withdrawal of the forks of the lift truck
from the fork engaging members and a second position in which
it allows withdrawal of the forks from the fork engaging
members.
According to a further aspect of the present invention,
there is provided a clamping apparatus for mounting on a lift
truck comprising a cross-shaped frame having first and second
legs aligned with each other and third and fourth legs aligned
with each other and extending at right angles to the first and
second legs, four clamping arms each mounted on one of the
legs of the frame and movable with respect to the frame for
grasping and releasing a load, a plurality of actuators
connected to the clamping arms to move each clamping arm with
respect to the frame towards and away from an opposing one of
the clamping arms, first and second fork engaging members
mounted on the first and second legs of the frame,
respectively, on opposite sides of the third leg in parallel
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with each other, each fork engaging member shaped for
receiving a horizontal leg of a fork of the lift truck.
Brief Description of the Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic front elevation of an embodiment of
a lift truck according to the present invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic front elevation of the embodiment of
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Figure 1 equipped with a side shifter and a clamping apparatus.
Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional elevation taken
along line 3-3 of Figure 2.
Figure 4 is a schematic cutaway plan view of the mast of the
embodiment of Figure 1.
Figure 5 is a schematic front elevation of another
embodiment of a lift truck according to the present invention in
which guide rollers move along the outside of a guide member.
Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along
line 6-6 of Figure 5.
Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along
line 7-7 of Figure 5.
Figure 8 is a schematic front elevation of another
embodiment of a lift truck according to the present invention in
which a guided member is in sliding engagement with a guide
member.
Figure 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along
line 9-9 of Figure 8.
Figure 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along
line 10-10 of Figure 8.
Figure 11 is a schematic front elevation of another
embodiment of a lift truck according to the present invention in
which guided members comprise collars which can slide along a
post.
Figure 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along
line 12-12 of Figure 11.
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Figure 13 is a schematic front elevation of a mounting
bracket mounted on an embodiment of a lift truck according to the
present invention.
Figure 14 is a schematic cross-sectional elevation taken
along line 14-14 of Figure 13 showing the state before the
mounting bracket has been connected to a clamping apparatus.
Figure 15 is a schematic cross-sectional elevation similar
to Figure 14 showing the state after the mounting bracket has
been connected to a clamping apparatus.
Figure 16 is a schematic cutaway side elevation of an
embodiment of a lift truck according to the present invention
connected to a clamping apparatus by the mounting bracket of
Figure 13.
Figure 17 is a schematic plan view of the lift truck and
clamping apparatus of Figure 16 just before the forks of the lift
truck have been engaged with the clamping apparatus.
Figure 18 is a schematic plan view of the lift truck and
clamping apparatus of Figure 16 after the forks of the lift truck
have been engaged with the clamping apparatus.
Figure 19 is a schematic elevation of the clamping apparatus
of Figure 16 as viewed from the right in Figure 16.
Figure 20 is a schematic elevation of the mounting bracket
of Figure 13 installed on a side shifter for use with a lift
truck.
Figure 21 is a schematic side elevation of another
embodiment of a clamping apparatus according to the present
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invention mounted on a lift truck.
Figure 22 is a schematic plan view of the lift truck and
clamping apparatus of Figure 21 just before the forks of the lift
truck have been engaged with the clamping apparatus.
Figure 23 is a schematic plan view of the lift truck and
clamping apparatus of Figure 21 after the forks of the lift truck
have been engaged with the clamping apparatus.
Description of Preferred Embodiments
=Figures 1 - 4 illustrate a first embodiment of a lift truck
10 according to the present invention. Figures 1 and 4 show the
lift truck 10 without any attachments mounted on it, while
Figures 2 and 3 illustrate the lift truck 10 equipped with a side
shifter 50 and a clamping apparatus 60 for grasping a load. As
shown in these figures, the lift truck 10 has a body 11 supported
by a plurality of wheels 12 (four in the present embodiment). A
mast 20 is mounted on the front of the body 11 in a conventional
manner so that the angle of the mast 20 with respect to the
vertical can be adjusted, and a carriage 30 is supported by the
mast 20 for vertical movement along the mast 20. The illustrated
mast 20 is what is commonly referred to as a two-stage mast, but
it may instead be a one-stage mast or a mast with three or more
stages. The overall structure of the mast 20 may be
conventional. It includes a pair of inner channels 21, which are
uprights disposed in parallel on opposite widthwise sides of the
mast 20, and a pair of outer channels 23, which are uprights
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disposed in parallel on opposite widthwise sides of the inner
channels 21. The inner channels 21 are connected to each other
at their upper ends by a crosspiece 22 extending in the widthwise
direction of the mast 20 on the rear side of the inner channels
21, and the outer channels 23 are connected with each other by a
crosspiece 24 extending in the widthwise direction of the mast 20
to the rear of crosspiece 22. Additional unillustrated
crosspieces for the inner channels 21 and outer channels 23 are
disposed lower down on the mast 20. Rollers 25 are provided at
the upper ends of the outer channels 23 for rolling contact with
flanges of the inner channels 21, and unillustrated rollers are
mounted near the lower end of the inner channels 21 for rolling
contact with the interior of the outer channels 23 as the inner
channels 21 are raised and lowered along the outer channels 23.
The carriage 30, which may also be of conventional
structure, includes a pair of horizontal mounting bars 31 capable
of supporting attachments commonly mounted on a lift truck such
as lifting forks, a side shifter, or a clamping apparatus. The
carriage 30 also includes a pair of vertical plates 32 which are
secured to the mounting bars 31 and are equipped with rollers 33
(shown in Figure 4) which can roll along the interiors of the
inner channels 21 of the mast 20. The carriage 30 can be raised
and lowered with respect to the inner channels 21 and the inner
channels 21 can be raised and lowered with respect to the outer
channels 23 by a conventional unillustrated lifting mechanism,
which typically employs hydraulic cylinders which raise and lower
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the inner channels 21 with respect to the outer channels 23, and
a chain and pulley system which raises and lowers the carriage 30
along the inner channels 21 as the inner channels 21 are raised
and lowered along the outer channels 23. However, any other
suitable type of lifting mechanism may instead be employed.
The engagement between the rollers 33 of the carriage 30 and
the inner channels 21 can provide resistance to forces in the
fore-and-aft direction of the carriage 30 and moments applied to
the carriage 30 about an axis extending in the widthwise
direction of the lift truck 10. However, the rollers 33 are not
intended to resist forces applied to the carriage 30 in the
widthwise direction of the lift truck 10 or moments applied to
the carriage 30 about an axis extending in the fore-and-aft
direction of the lift truck 10 (such as a moment due to a load
which is supported by the carriage 30 with its center of gravity
spaced in the widthwise direction of the lift truck 10 from the
centerline plane of the lift truck). As stated earlier, if such
lateral forces and moments are not resisted, they may cause the
carriage 30 to become skewed with respect to the inner channels
21 and prevent the smooth movement of the carriage 30 along the
inner channels 21. In addition, they may cause the rollers 33 to
gouge the inner channels 21, resulting in damage to the rollers
33 and/or the inner channels 21. Therefore, in the present
embodiment, the lift truck 10 is equipped with a guide
arrangement 40 for the carriage 30 which can resist such lateral
forces and moments. The guide arrangement 40 includes a guide
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member secured to the mast 20 between the inner channels 21, and
one or more guided members secured to the carriage 30 and guided
by the guide member in the lengthwise direction of the mast 20 as
the carriage 30 moves along the mast 20. In this embodiment, the
guide member comprises a guide channel 41 extending parallel to
the inner channels 21, with the cavity formed between the flanges
of the guide channel 41 facing towards the front of the lift
truck 10, and the guided members comprise a pair of rollers 42
supported by the mounting bars 31 of the carriage 30. The guide
channel 41 is shown disposed roughly midway between the inner
channels 21 along the centerline plane of the lift truck 10. The
guide channel 41 may be secured to any convenient portion of the
mast 20. In the present embodiment, the upper and lower ends of
the guide channel 41 are secured to an upper support plate 26 and
a lower support plate 27 secured to the upper and lower ends,
respectively, of the inner channels 21. Near its upper end, the
guide channel 41 is also secured to the upper crosspiece 22 for
the inner channels 21 through a support plate 28. Each roller 42
is rotatably mounted through a spacer 43 on a vertical support
plate 44 which is secured to the rear side of the mounting bars
31 of the carriage 30. Each of the rollers 42 is loosely
disposed between the inner surfaces of the flanges of the guide
channel 41 with sufficient play that the rollers 42 can easily
roll along the interior of the guide channel 41. However, the
amount of play between the rollers 42 and the flanges of the
guide channel 41 is sufficiently small that when a moment is
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applied to the carriage 30 about an axis normal to the plane of
Figure 1, i.e., about an axis extending in the fore-and-aft
direction of the lift truck, such as by a load supported by the
carriage 30 with its center of gravity spaced from the centerline
of the lift truck 10, contact between the rollers 42 and the
guide channel 41 can prevent the carriage 30 from twisting with
respect to the inner channels 21 so that the rollers 33 of the
carriage 30 can remain aligned with the inner channels 21 and
smoothly roll along the inner channels 21. Contact between the
rollers 42 and the guide channe1.41 can also resist lateral
forces acting on the carriage 30 in the widthwise direction of
the lift truck 10. As a result of the guide arrangement 40, not
only can the carriage 30 operate more smoothly, but wear and
damage of the rollers 31 of the carriage 30 and the inner
channels 21 are decreased. In the illustrated embodiment, both
the guide channel 41 and the rollers 42 are made of steel, but
they may be made of any other materials having a desired strength
and wear resistance. The illustrated embodiment includes two
rollers 42, but additional rollers may be installed at other
locations on the support plate 44.
The guide member need not be in the form of a channel. For
example, it may comprise an I-beam, and the rollers 42 may be
disposed between the flanges of the beam. Alternatively, the
guide channel 41 may be replaced by two angle irons disposed next
to each other so as to together define generally the shape of a C
as viewed from above, and the rollers 42 may be disposed between
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a leg of one of the angle irons and an opposing leg of the other
angle iron.
Additional rollers may be provided to resist lateral forces
and twisting moments so as to maintain the inner channels 21
substantially parallel to the outer channels 23. As shown in
Figure 1, in the present embodiment, an upper guide roller 45 is
rotatably mounted on a bracket 46 secured to the upper crosspiece
24 for the outer channels 23 in rolling contact with or in close
proximity to the outer surface of the web of the adjoining inner
channel 21. In addition, a lower guide. roller 47 is rotatably
mounted on a bracket 48 secured to the lower support plate 27 for
the guide channel 41 in rolling contact with or in close
proximity to the inner surface of the web of the adjoining outer
channel 23. These guide rollers 45 and 47, which each have a
rotational axis extending in the fore-and-aft direction of the
lift truck 10, can resist a clockwise moment acting on the inner
channels 21 about an axis extending in the fore-and-aft direction
of the lift truck 10 tending to cause the inner channels 21 to
tilt with respect to the outer channels 23 and can thereby
maintain the inner channels 21 parallel to the outer channels 23
so that the inner channels 21 can smoothly translate up and down
along the outer channels 23. To enable the inner channels 21 to
resist the application of a counterclockwise moment about an axis
normal to the plane of Figure 1, a roller corresponding to roller
45 can be installed at the upper end of the lefthand outer
channel 23, and a roller corresponding to roller 47 can be
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installed at the lower end of the righthand inner channel
21 in Figure 1.
This embodiment of a lift truck is not restricted to
use with any particular type of equipment, and in general,
it can be used with any type of attachment adapted for
mounting on a lift truck, such as an attachment for
lifting, grasping, or otherwise manipulating a load. By way
of example, Figures 2 and 3 show the lift truck 10 of
Figure 1 equipped with a clamping apparatus 60 capable of
grasping a load from two or more sides, and a side shifter
50 capable of translating the clamping apparatus 60 in the
widthwise direction of the lift truck 10 to position the
clamping apparatus 60 with respect to a load. The structure
of the side shifter 50 and the clamping apparatus 60 are
described in detail in U.S. Patent Application No.
10/689,848 entitled "Clamping Apparatus", so they will be
described only briefly here.
The side shifter 50 includes a beam 51 slidably
supported by a pair of guide channels 52 for movement in
the widthwise direction of the lift truck 10. The guide
channels 52 are secured to a mounting plate 53 (shown in
Figure 3 but omitted from Figure 2 for clarity) which
extends between opposite widthwise sides of the front of
the side shifter 50. On one of its widthwise sides, the
side shifter 50 may be equipped with a counterweight 54 for
counterbalancing the weight of the clamping apparatus 60
and a load grasped by it. The beam 51 can be shifted in its
lengthwise direction by an unillustrated actuator,
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such as a hydraulic cylinder. The side shifter 50 can be mounted
on the mounting bars 31 of the carriage 30 of the lift truck 10
by an upper and lower mounting plate 55 and 57. The upper
mounting plate 55 includes a pair of flanges 56 which fit over
the upper mounting bar 31 of the carriage 30. A plurality of
mounting clips 58 are adjustably secured to the lower end of the
lower mounting plate 57 by bolts 59. The lower mounting bar 31
of the carriage 30 can be clamped between the lower mounting
plate 57 and the mounting clips 58 by tightening the bolts 59.
The clamping apparatus 60 includes a cross-shaped frame 61
having four legs 62 on which are mounted a plurality of clamping
arms 63 capable of pivoting with respect to the frame 61 to grasp
and release a load. At its lower end, each clamping arm 63 is
equipped with a contact portion 64 for contacting the side of a
load. The clamping arms 63 can be pivoted on the frame 61 by
suitable actuators, such as hydraulic cylinders 65.
The clamping apparatus 60 is connected to the beam 51 of the
side shifter 50 by a connector 70 which enables the clamping
apparatus 60 to pivot with respect to the side shifter 50 about a
substantially horizontal axis and a substantially vertical axis.
Pivoting of the clamping apparatus 60 about a substantially
horizontal axis enables the attitude of the clamping apparatus 60
with respect to the lift truck 10 to be adjusted so that the
clamping apparatus 60 can be maintained substantially level even
when the lift truck 10 is on a sloping surface. Pivoting of the
clamping apparatus 60 about a substantially vertical axis enables
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the clamping apparatus 60 to be pivoted between a position in
front of the lift truck 10 and a position to the side of the lift
truck 10. The structure of the illustrated connector 70 is
described in detail in above-mentioned U.S. Patent Application
No. 10/689,848.
Various other guide arrangements can be employed to resist
lateral forces and moments acting on the carriage 30 to keep the
rollers 33 of the carriage 30 in alignment with the inner
channels 21 of the mast 20. Figures 5 - 7 illustrate another
embodiment of a lift truck according to the present invention
which includes a guide arrangement 80. Figure 5 is a schematic
front elevation of this embodiment, and Figures 6 and 7 are
schematic cross-sectional views taken along lines 6-6 and 7-7,
respectively, of Figure 5. As shown in these figures, the guide
arrangement 80 in this embodiment includes a guide member
comprising an I-beam 81 secured to the upper and lower support
plates 27 and 28 and extending parallel to the inner channels 21
along the centerline plane of the lift truck 10. The beam 81 is
oriented such that the plane of its web extends in the widthwise
direction of the lift truck 10. The guide arrangement 80 also
includes guided members comprising a pair of rollers 82 disposed
on opposite sides of the beam 81 in rolling contact with the
flanges of the beam 81. Each roller 82 is rotatably mounted on a
spacer 83 which is secured to a support plate 84 which is secured
to one of the mounting bars 31 of the carriage 30. The beam 81
has a stiffness which is sufficient to keep the rollers 33 of the
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carriage 30 aligned with the inner channels 21 of the mast 20
when a transverse force or a moment about an axis extending in
the fore-and-aft direction of the lift truck 10 acts on the
carriage 30 during operation of the clamping apparatus 60. As a
result, the carriage 30 is able to move smoothly up and down the
mast 20 even when a transverse force is acting on the carriage 30
or when the clamping apparatus 60 is grasping a load which
applies a moment to the carriage 30 about an axis extending in
the fore-and-aft direction of the lift truck 10. The structure
of this embodiment may be otherwise the same as that of the
preceding embodiment. A side shifter 50 and clamping apparatus
60 like those shown in Figure 2 may be mounted on the carriage of
the lift truck 10 in the same manner as in the preceding
embodiment.
This embodiment employs two guide rollers 82 for rolling
engagement with the I-beam 81, but additional rollers may also be
employed.
Figures 8 - 10 illustrate another embodiment of a lift truck
10 according to the present invention equipped with a different
guide arrangement 90. Figure 8 is a schematic front elevation of
this embodiment, and Figures 9 and 10 are schematic cross-
sectional views taken along lines 9-9 and 10-10, respectively, of
Figure 8. The guide arrangement 90 in this embodiment includes a
guide member comprising a guide channel 91 secured to the upper
and lower support plates 26 and 27 and extending parallel to the
inner channels 21 of the mast 20 of the lift truck 10, with the
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cavity formed between the flanges of the guide channel 91 facing
towards the front of the lift truck 10. The guide arrangement
also includes a guided member comprising a block 92 which is
secured to the mounting bars 31 of the carriage 30 and slidably
engages with the cavity in the guide channel 91. When a
transverse force or a moment about an axis extending in the fore-
and-aft direction of the lift truck 10 acts on the carriage 30,
the engagement between the guide channel 91 and the block 92
prevents the block 92 and the carriage 30 to which it is secured
from translating in the widthwise direction or twisting about the
fore-and-aft axis and thereby keeps the rollers 33 of the
carriage 30 aligned with the inner channels 21 of the mast 20 so
that the carriage 30 can move smoothly up and down the mast 20.
In order to allow smooth sliding movement of the block 91 along
the guide channel 91 as the carriage 30 moves along the mast 20,
one or both of the guide channel 91 and the block 92 may be at
least partially made of or lined with a material having good
sliding properties. In the present embodiment, the guide channel
91 and the block 92 are made of steel, and the cavity of the
guide channel 91 is equipped with a C-shaped lining shoe 93 made
of a material having good sliding properties. A wide variety of
materials can be used to form the lining 93, including plastics
such as nylon, polyethylene (such as ultra-high molecular weight
polyethylene), polyesters, Teflon, and acetals, and metals such
as oil-impregnated bronze.
A single block 92 may be secured to both mounting bars 31 of
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the carriage 30, or a separate block may be secured to each
mounting bar 31, with each block engaging the guide channel 91.
Except for the structure of the guide arrangement 90, this
embodiment may be otherwise the same as the preceding
embodiments. Various attachments for use with a lift truck can
be mounted on the carriage 30, such as a side shifter 50 and a
clamping apparatus 60 in the same manner as shown in Figure 2.
Figures 11 - 12 illustrate another embodiment of a lift
truck according to the present invention equipped with another
guide arrangement 100. Figure 11 is a schematic front elevation
of this embodiment, and Figure 12 is a schematic cross-sectional
view taken along line 12-12 of Figure 11. The guide arrangement
100 in this embodiment includes a guide member comprising a pipe
101 secured at its upper and lower ends to the upper and lower
support plates 26 and 27 and extending parallel to the inner
channels 21 of the mast 20 of the lift truck 10. It further
includes guided members comprising collars 102 which fit over the
pipe 101 and slidably engage the outer surface of the pipe 101.
Each collar 102 is secured to one of the mounting bars 31 of the
carriage 30 so as to be able to move along the height of the pipe
101 as the carriage 30 is raised and lowered along the mast 20.
The collars 102 are not restricted to any particular shape. In
this embodiment, each collar 102 comprises a rectangular steel
block having a through hole which is large enough to receive the
pipe 101 and which has a shape matching the cross-sectional shape
of the pipe 101 (in this case, circular). In order to provide
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smooth movement of the collars 102 with respect to the pipe 101,
at least a portion of the pipe 101 or the collars 102 may be made
of or lined with a material having good sliding properties. In
the present embodiment, each collar 102 is equipped with a
flanged cylindrical sleeve 103 which fits inside the hole in the
collar 102 and is made of a material with good sliding
properties, such as any of the materials described with respect
to the lining 93 of the guide channel 91 employed in the
preceding embodiment. This embodiment employs two separate
collars 102, but they may be combined to form a single collar
extending between the mounting bars 31 of the carriage 30. It is
also possible to employ more than two collars 102.
As with the guide arrangements of the previous embodiments,
when a transverse force in the widthwise direction of the lift
truck 10 or a moment about an axis extending in the fore-and-aft
direction of the lift truck 10 acts on the carriage 30, the
engagement between the pipe 101 and the collars 102 of the guide
arrangement 100 prevents the collars 102 and the carriage 30 to
which they are secured from translating in the widthwise
direction or twisting about the fore-and-aft axis and thereby
keeps the rollers 33 of the carriage 30 aligned with the inner
channels 21 of the mast 20 so that the carriage 30 can move
smoothly up and down the mast 20.
Except for the structure of the guide arrangement 100, this
embodiment may be otherwise the same as the preceding
embodiments. A wide variety of attachments for use with a lift
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truck can be mounted on the carriage 30 of the lift truck 10 in a
conventional manner.
In the preceding embodiments, the mast 20 is equipped with a
single guide member (41, 81, 91, or 101) disposed approximately
along the centerline plane of the lift truck 10. However, the
guide member need not be positioned along the centerline plane,
and there may be more than one guide member. For example, in the
case of a mast having a vertically-extending hydraulic cylinder
disposed along the centerline plane between the inner channels of
the mast for raising and lowering a carriage (as is frequently
the case with a 3-stage mast), a guide member can be installed
alongside the hydraulic cylinder in a position spaced in the
widthwise direction from the centerline plane, or two guide
members can be installed on opposite widthwise sides of the
hydraulic cylinder.
Figures 13 - 19 illustrate an embodiment of a lift truck 10
according to the present invention equipped with a mounting
bracket 110 for use in mounting a clamping apparatus on the front
of the lift truck 10. Figure 13 is a schematic front elevation
of the mounting bracket 110 mounted on the lift truck 10, Figure
14 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line 14-14 of
Figure 13 showing the state before the mounting bracket has been
connected to a clamping apparatus, Figure 15 is a schematic
cross-sectional elevation similar to Figure 14 showing the state
after the mounting bracket has been connected to the clamping
apparatus, Figure 16 is a schematic cutaway side elevation of the
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CA 02571225 2006-12-15
lift truck connected to the clamping apparatus by the mounting
bracket of Figure 13, Figure 17 is a schematic plan view of the
lift truck and clamping apparatus of Figure 16 just before the
forks of the lift truck have been engaged with the clamping
apparatus, Figure 18 is a schematic plan view of the lift truck
and clamping apparatus of Figure 16 after the forks of the lift
truck have been engaged with the clamping apparatus, and Figure
19 is a schematic elevation of the clamping apparatus of Figure
16 as viewed from the right in Figure 16. The overall structure
of the lift truck 10 in this embodiment may be similar to that of
the previous embodiments. It includes a body 11 supported by a
plurality of wheels 12, a mast 20 mounted on the front of the
body 11, and a carriage 30 which can be raised and lowered along
the mast 20 by an unillustrated lifting mechanism. Although not
shown, if desired, the lift truck 10 may also include a guide
arrangement for the carriage 30 and guide rollers 45 and 47 for
guiding the inner channels 21 with respect to the outer channels
23 as in any of the preceding embodiments.
The mounting bracket 110 includes a plate 111 having a
flange 112 at its upper end which fits over the upper end of the
upper mounting bar 31 of the carriage 30. A pair of mounting
clips 113 are adjustably connected to the lower end of the plate
111 by bolts 114. The lower mounting bar 31 of the carriage 30
can be clamped between the plate 111 and the mounting clips 113
by tightening the bolts 114. The mounting bracket 110 also
includes a mounting tube 115 extending from its front surface.
1098 -21-
CA 02571225 2006-12-15
The mounting tube 115 has a pair of aligned holes 116 in opposing
sides (here, in its top and bottom sides).
As shown in Figure 16, the clamping apparatus 120 employed
in this embodiment has an overall structure similar to that of
the clamping apparatus 60 shown in Figure 2. It includes a
cross-shaped frame 121 having four legs 122 on which are
pivotably mounted a plurality of clamping arms 123 each capable
of pivoting with respect to the frame 121 to grasp and release a
load. The lower end of each clamping arm 123 is equipped with a
contact portion 124 for contacting a side of a load to be grasped
by the clamping apparatus 120. The clamping arms 123 can be
pivoted on the frame 121 by hydraulic cylinders 125 or other
suitable actuators. Instead of being connected to a side shifter
50 in the manner shown in Figure 2, in this embodiment, the
clamping apparatus 120 is connected to the mounting bracket 110
of the lift truck 10 by a connecting plate 128 secured to the top
surface of the outer end of one of the legs 122 of the clamping
apparatus 120. The width of the connecting plate 128 is selected
so as to enable the connecting plate 128 to be inserted into the
mounting tube 115 of the mounting bracket 110 and overlap the
mounting tube 115. The connecting plate 128 includes a hole 129
which can be aligned with the holes 116 in the mounting tube 115.
When the holes 116 and 129 in the mounting tube 115 and the
connecting plate 128 are in alignment, the connecting plate 128
can be connected to the mounting tube 115 by passing a latching
member in the form of a detachable pin 117, such as a quick-
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CA 02571225 2006-12-15
release pin, through the aligned holes.
The retaining pin 117 can be moved between a first position
in which it prevents the connecting plate 128 from being
withdrawn from the mounting tube 115 and a second position in
which it allows the connecting plate 128 to be withdrawn from the
mounting tube 115. In the present embodiment, when the retaining
pin 117 is in its first position, it passes through the aligned
holes 116 and 129 in the mounting tube 115 and the connecting
plate 128. When the retaining pin 117 is inserted into the
mounting tube 115 and the connecting plate 128 in this manner,
the clamping apparatus 120 is incapable of translating with
respect to the lift truck 10 in the fore-and-aft direction of the
lift truck 10 by any substantial distance and is prevented from
becoming disengaged from the lift truck 10. The second position
of the retaining pin 117 can be any position in which the
retaining pin 117 is not engaged with the connecting plate 128,
whereby the connecting plate 128 can be withdrawn from the
mounting tube 115 to enable the clamping apparatus 120 to be
disconnected from the lift truck 10. For example, the second
position of the retaining pin 117 can be a position in which it
is completely withdrawn from the mounting tube 115, or it can be
a position in which the retaining pin 117 is partially withdrawn
from the mounting tube 115 by a sufficient distance for it to be
disengaged from the connecting plate 128 but is still engaged
with the mounting tube 115.
As shown in Figure 13, standard forks 130 for use with a
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CA 02571225 2006-12-15
lift truck can be mounted on the mounting bars 31 of the carriage
30 on opposite sides of the bracket 110. The mounting bracket
110 does not interfere with the operation of the forks 130, so
the mounting bracket 110 can be left on the carriage 30 when the
mounting bracket 110 is not in use.
The clamping apparatus 120 can be supported by the lift
truck 10 in any desired manner. In the present embodiment, the
weight of the clamping apparatus 120 is supported by the forks
130 of the lift truck 10. As shown in Figures 16 - 19, two of
the legs 122 of the frame 121 of the clamping apparatus 120 are
each equipped with a fork engaging member comprising a tube 126
extending horizontally in a direction perpendicular to the leg
122 on which it is mounted and parallel to another of the legs
122. Each tube 126 is secured to the leg 122 on which it is
mounted by welding or other suitable method, or it may be
integrally formed with the leg 122. The tubes 126 may be
reinforced along their lengths, such as at one end thereof, by
reinforcing members such as support plates 127 extending between
one of the legs 122 of the frame 121 of the clamping apparatus
120 and the tubes 126 and secured to the leg 122 and the tubes
126. Each of the illustrated tubes 126 extends through the leg
122 on which it is mounted, but it may be located on the exterior
of a leg 122, such as on the top or bottom side of a leg 122,
without passing through the leg 122. Instead of there being a
single tube 126 mounted on a leg 122 and extending through the
leg 122, two tubes can be mounted on opposite sides of a leg 122
1098 -24-.
CA 02571225 2006-12-15
in alignment with each other and can communicate with each other
through holes formed in the leg 122. Each tube 126 has internal
dimensions such that the horizontal portion of one of the forks
130 mounted on the lift truck 10 can be inserted into the tube
126.
Figures 17 and 18 are schematic plan views of the lift truck
and the clamping apparatus 120, showing how the clamping
apparatus 120 is mounted on the lift truck 10. As shown in
Figure 17, with the clamping apparatus 120 resting on a floor or
10 other surface, the lift truck 10 is maneuvered so that each fork
130 of the lift truck 10 is aligned with one of the tubes 126 of
the clamping apparatus 120. The lift truck 10 is then driven
forward to insert each fork 130 into a corresponding one of the
tubes 126. The lift truck 10 continues to move forward to the
state shown in Figure 18 in which the connecting plate 128 of the
clamping apparatus 120 is inserted into the mounting tube 115 of
the mounting bracket 110. A latching member in the form of a
retaining pin 117 is then inserted through the holes 116 and 129
of the mounting tube 115 and the connecting plate 128 to secure
the clamping apparatus 120 to the mounting bracket 110. The
clamping apparatus 120 can then be raised off the floor by
raising the carriage 30 of the lift truck 10. As shown in Figure.
18, when the clamping apparatus 120 has been connected to the
lift truck 10, the clamping apparatus 120 can be compactly
arranged with respect to the forks 130 in close proximity to the
mast 20 of the lift truck 10, with one or more of the clamping
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CA 02571225 2006-12-15
arms 123 of the clamping apparatus 120 disposed between the forks
130. When the clamping apparatus 120 is raised off the floor,
preferably substantially the entire weight of the clamping
apparatus 120 (and any load grasped by it) is supported by the
forks 130 engages with the tubes 126 of the clamping apparatus
120. The mounting bracket 110 preferably does not support any
significant portion of the weight of the clamping apparatus 120
and instead restrains the clamping apparatus 120 against movement
with respect to the forks 130 in the fore-and-aft direction of
the lift truck 10 during use or transport of the clamping
apparatus 120. For example, the engagement between the mounting
bracket 110 and the clamping apparatus 120 prevents the clamping
apparatus 120 from translating by sliding along the forks 130 if
the mast 20 and the forks 130 are tilted forwards or backwards
during operation of the lift truck 10.
As shown in Figure 13, in order to facilitate rapid mounting
and dismounting of the clamping apparatus 120 with respect to the
lift truck 10, the carriage 30 of this embodiment is equipped
with one or more quick-disconnect hydraulic fittings 34 secured
to the upper mounting bar 31 of the carriage 30 by mounting
plates 35. When a clamping apparatus 120 is mounted on a lift
truck 10 using the mounting bracket 110, hydraulic lines for the
hydraulic cylinders 125 of the clamping apparatus 120 and
hydraulic lines leading to the hydraulic system of the lift truck
10 can be connected to opposite ends of the fittings 34 to enable
the clamping apparatus 120 to be supplied with hydraulic power.
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CA 02571225 2006-12-15
In the embodiment of Figures 13 - 19, the mounting bracket
110 is mounted directly on the carriage 30 of a lift truck 10,
but it may instead be mounted on a different member, such as on a
side shifter for use with a lift truck. Figure 20 is a schematic
elevation of the mounting bracket 110 of Figure 13 mounted on a
typical commercially available side shifter 140. The side
shifter 140 comprises a rectangular frame including upper and
lower horizontal mounting bars 141 and connecting plates 142
extending vertically between the mounting bars 141. It also
includes a hydraulic cylinder 143 which can shift the frame to
the left and right in the figure with respect to the mast of a
lift truck on which the side shifter 140 is mounted. The
mounting bars 141 are shaped for supporting various lift truck
attachments such as forks 130. On its rear side, the side
shifter 140 includes unillustrated fittings by which it can be
mounted on a carriage of a lift truck. The mounting bracket 110
and forks 130 can be mounted on the mounting bars 141 of the side
shifter 140 in the same manner as they are mounted on the
mounting bars 31 of the lift truck carriage 30 in Figure 13. The
forks 130 and the mounting bracket 110 can be engaged with a
clamping apparatus 120 in the same manner as in the preceding
embodiments. As is the case with Figure 13, the mounting bracket
110 does not interfere with the operation of the forks 130, so
the mounting bracket 110 can be left on the side shifter 140 when
the mounting bracket 110 is not being used.
Figures 21 - 23 illustrate another embodiment of a clamping
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CA 02571225 2006-12-15
apparatus 120 according to the present invention which employs a
different structure from that shown in Figures 13 - 20 to connect
the clamping apparatus 120 to a lift truck 10. Figure 21 is a
schematic side elevation of the clamping apparatus 120 mounted on
the forks 130 of a lift truck 10, and Figures 22 and 23 are
schematic plan views of the clamping apparatus 120 and the lift
truck 10, Figure 22 showing a state before the forks 130 of the
lift truck 10 have been engaged with the clamping apparatus 120,
and Figure 23 showing a state after the forks 130 have been
engaged with the clamping apparatus 120.
The overall structures of the lift truck 10 and the clamping
apparatus 120 are similar to those of the lift truck 10 and
clamping apparatus 120 shown in Figures 13 - 20. However, in
this embodiment, the lift truck 10 is not equipped with a
mounting bracket 110, and the frame 121 of the clamping apparatus
120 is not equipped with a connecting plate 128 for connecting
the frame 121 to a mounting bracket 110. Instead, each of the
fork-receiving tubes 126 of the clamping apparatus 120 is
equipped with support members in the form of a pair of rigid
parallel support plates 144 extending in the lengthwise direction
of the tube 126 away from the center of the frame 121. Two
aligned holes for detachably receiving a latching member in the
form of a retaining pin 145 are formed in each opposing pair of
support plates 144. The length of each support plate 144 is such
that when the forks 130 of the lift truck 10 are inserted into
the tubes 126 of the clamping apparatus 120 roughly as far as
1098 -28-
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CA 02571225 2006-12-15
,
possible, the aligned holes in the support plates 144 will be
disposed to the rear of the rear surfaces of the vertical
portions of the forks 130. Each retaining pin 145 can be moved
between a first position in which it prevents withdrawal of one
of the forks 130 from the corresponding fork receiving tube 126
and a second position in which it allows the fork 130 to be
withdrawn from the corresponding fork receiving tube 126. In the
present embodiment, when either retaining pin 145 is in its first
position, it passes through the aligned holes in a pair of the
support plates 144, thereby sandwiching the vertical portion of
one of the forks 130 between the end of the corresponding tube
126 and the retaining pin 145. With the retaining pins 145
inserted into the support plates 144 in this manner, the clamping
apparatus 120 is incapable of translating along the forks 130 of
the lift truck 10 in the fore-and-aft direction of the lift truck
10 by any substantial distance and is preVented from becoming
disengaged from the forks 130. The second position of a
retaining pin 145 can be any position in which the corresponding
fork 130 is capable of being withdrawn from the corresponding
tube 126 without interference from the retaining pin 145. For
example, the second position of a retaining pin 145 may be a
position in which it is completely withdrawn from both of the
support plates 144, or it can be a position in which the
retaining pin 145 is partially withdrawn from the support plates
144 by a sufficient distance so that it is outside the path of
movement of the corresponding fork 130 but is still supported by
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CA 02571225 2006-12-15
one of the support plates 145, thereby allowing the fork 130 to
be withdrawn from the corresponding fork engaging tube 126. This
arrangement for retaining the clamping apparatus 120 on the forks
130 can be used by itself, or it can be combined with the
structure shown in Figures 13 - 20 employing a mounting bracket
110.
In the embodiment of Figures 21 - 23, the support plates 144
for engaging the retaining pin 145 are formed separately from the
tubes 126, but it is also possible for them to be integrally
formed therewith. In addition, as long as a retaining pin or
other latching member can be stably supported in a position to
the rear of a fork 130 of the lift truck 10, it may be supported
by a single support plate 144 or other support member instead of
by a pair of support plates 144.
The illustrated retaining pin 145 comprises a commercially
available quick-release pin with a spring-loaded detent mechanism
for enabling the retaining pin 145 to be engaged with and
detached from the holes in the support plates 144, but many other
structures can be used as a latching member, such as a bar, a
rod, a bolt, or a clevis pin movably supported by one or more
support members. Similarly, in the embodiments of Figures 13 -
20, a latching member is not restricted to a quick-release pin
117.
This embodiment employs a separate retaining pin 145 for
each of the forks 130 of the lift truck 10, but it is also
possible to employ a single retaining pin 145 mounted on the
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CA 02571225 2006-12-15
= = ,
support plates 144 of only one of the tubes 126.
A latching member which extends behind a fork of a lift
truck can be used not only with a clamping apparatus but also
with other types of lift truck attachments, and it can be used
with lift truck attachments which are not supported by the forks
of a lift truck.
1098 -31-
