Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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FIBER REINFORCED CEMENT SIDING AND ANTI-SEISMIC REINFORCED
STRUCTURE OF BUILDING USING THE FIBER REINFORCED CEMENT SIDING
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present device relates to an anti-seismic reinforced structure of a
building,
and particularly to a fiber reinforced cement siding and an anti-seismic
reinforced
structure of a building, using the fiber reinforced cement siding for
improving moisture
permeability, by using a structural face material, such as a fiber reinforced
cement
external wall material and the like, in a wooden building.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In conventional wooden buildings which are built by the existing framework
construction method, the horizontal rigidity and horizontal strength of the
entire
structure are increased by attaching structural plywood and bracings to
framework
components such as columns, beams, girt, and sill, which constitute the
structural
frame, to improve the resistance to seismic shocks. An example of the
structural
plywood used herein is that having a thickness of 12 mm or 9 mm, a
longitudinal
length of 8 syaku (242.4 cm) and a lateral length of 3 syaku (90.9 cm). An
anti-seismic
structure is formed by fixing such plywood to portions corresponding to the
outer
periphery and a stud with nails at intervals of 150 mm.
A conventional example, as shown in FIG. 14, shows a bearing wall 6 fixed to
a framework structure 5 by using a'known fiber reinforced cement siding 3
(hereinafter
referred to as face material 3 )' having such a dimension that can connect an
upper
horizontal member 1 and a lower horizontal member 2 with a single face
material with
nails 4.
The entire front surface of this face material 3 is painted. (Painted portion
10).
An example of anti-seismic structures in which hard cemented chip boards,
among other fiber reinforced cement sidings, are used as structural face
materials is
shown in Notification No. 1100 of the Ministry of Construction dated Jun. 1,
1981, in
which a board having a thickness of 12 mm, a lateral length of 910 mm and a
longitudinal length of 3030 mm is fixed to columns and studs in a similar
manner with
nails at intervals of 150 mm to render the resistance factor of wall about
2Ø Herein,
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although it is defined that a structure in which a hard cemented chip board
having the
size of 910 mmx3030 mm is installed as a structural face material is a bearing
wall
having the resistance factor of wall, there are not definitions regarding
fiber reinforced
cement sidings other than hard cemented chip boards.
The resistance factor of wall is a numerical value which indicates the
strength
of a bearing wall in the Building Standards Law, and the resistance factor of
wall of 1.0
means that the standard strength per 1 m of a bearing wall is 1.96 kN. If a
face
material other than the structural face material defined in the notification
mentioned
above is used to produce a bearing wall having the resistance factor of wall,
the
approval of the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport needs to be
obtained.
However, painted fiber reinforced cement sidings which have been approved
by the minister as bearing wall structures characteristically allow less water
vapor to
pass through than plaster boards and the like (less moisture-permeable). One
of the
general causes of occurrence of condensation is an insufficient amount of
ventilation
inside the room. When the amount of ventilation by mechanical ventilation
(ventilation
fan) and natural ventilation (opening and closing of windows) is insufficient,
the water
vapor generated indoors is likely to stagnate inside the room and within the
wall body.
Especially in winter, when water vapor stagnates within a wall body which
faces
outside, the risk of condensation of the inside portion of the wall cooled by
outside air
is increased, and structural materials in the major structural portions such
as columns
and beams may be decayed. In general, in case of a non-bearing, wall
structure, the
water vapor generated indoors is discharged to the outside through inner heat
insulating materials such as plaster boards, glass wool on the indoor side and
then a
moisture-permeable waterproof sheet. However, in case of a bearing wall
structure,
structural face materials having low moisture permeabilities block the path of
this water
vapor and allow less water vapor to be discharged to the outside. This results
in
stagnation of water vapor within the wall body and generation of condensation
within
the wall body.
When a bearing wall structure is employed, water vapor stagnates within the
wall body and structural materials are disadvantageously likely to decay.
As a solution to such a problem, Japanese Unexamined Laid-Open Patent
Publication No. H10-280580 discloses a vapor-permeable bearing wall facing
material.
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The publication discloses a vapor-permeable bearing wall facing material in
which the
moisture captured within a wall is discharged by providing holes for
discharging water
vapor on the bearing wall facing material to prevent corrosion of the wall
(patent
document 1). Moreover, Japanese Patent No. 3417400 discloses a ventilating
exterior
wall (patent document 2), while Japanese Unexamined Laid-Open Patent
Publication
No. H8-120799 discloses a ventilating layer panel (patent document 3). These
inventions have achieved a certain improvement in moisture permeability by
providing
discharge holes (ventilating holes, through-holes). However, when a face
material is
produced, numerous holes (bores) need to be bored on the face material, which
requires time to process. Accordingly, extra time is necessary and therefore
the
efficiency of production is disadvantageously lowered.
Meanwhile, there is a method of not painting the entire surface of a
structural
face material to improve moisture transmission performance. However, if no
paint is
applied, the long-term strength of the structural face material and the long-
term
bearing strength of the bearing wall are greatly lowered. This is particularly
because
nailed portion and screw-fixed portions of the structural face material are
deteriorated.
Taking this deterioration into consideration, in the calculation of the
resistance factor
of wall of the bearing wall, a reduction coefficient is set for considering
the
deterioration of the structural face material of the nailed portions and screw-
fixed
portions. The method by which painting is not applied on the entire surface of
the
structural face material has the problem of a lowered strength of the bearing
wall.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention was made to solve the above-mentioned known
problems, and an aspect of the invention is to provide a fiber reinforced
cement siding
for improving moisture permeability by using a structural face material such
as a fiber
reinforced cement external wall material and an anti-seismic reinforced
structure of a
building using the fiber reinforced cement siding.
The above aspect of the present invention is achieved by a fiber reinforced
cement siding used for a wall portion of a building, the fiber reinforced
cement siding
having on its surface a painted portion which is partially painted and an
unpainted
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portion, and the painted portion comprising at least a predetermined surface
region
centered around a nailed portion.or a screw-fixed portion.
The above aspect of the present invention is also achieved more effectively by
a fiber reinforced cement siding used for a wall portion of a building, the
fiber
reinforced cement siding comprising, on its surface, a first painted portion
comprising
a first amount of paint applied, and a second painted portion comprising an
amount
of paint applied which is less than the first amount of paint applied, the
first and
second painted portions being formed by painting portions of the surface, and
the first
painted portion comprising at least a predetermined surface region centered
around
a nailed portion or a screw-fixed portion.
The above aspect of the present invention is also achieved more effectively by
a fiber reinforced cement siding, wherein a recess is further formed on the
surface of
the fiber reinforced cement siding, and the unpainted portion is formed on the
bottom
face of the recess.
The above aspect of the present invention is also achieved more effectively by
a fiber reinforced cement siding wherein a recess is further formed on the
surface of
the fiber reinforced cement siding, and the second painted portion is formed
on the
bottom face of the recess.
The above aspect of the present invention is also achieved more effectively by
a fiber reinforced cement siding, wherein a projection and a recess are
further partially
formed on the surface of the fiber reinforced cement siding, and the unpainted
portion
is formed in a side face portion forming the side faces of the projection and
recess.
The above aspect of the present invention is also achieved more effectively by
a fiber reinforced cement siding wherein a projection and a recess are further
partially
formed on the surface of the fiber reinforced cement siding, and the second
painted
portion is formed in a side face portion forming the side faces of the
projection and
recess.
The above aspect of the present invention is also achieved more effectively by
a fiber reinforced cement siding, wherein the value of the resistance to
moisture
permeation of the painted portion is 2.67 m2-h-kPa/g to 6.67 m2-h-kPa/g.
The above aspect of the present invention is also achieved more effectively by
a fiber reinforced cement siding, wherein the value of resistance to moisture
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permeation of the first painted portion is 2.67 m2-h-kPa/g to 6.67 m2-h-kPa/g,
and the
value of resistance to moisture permeation of the second painted portion is
lower than
that of the first painted portion.
The above aspect of the present invention is also achieved more effectively by
a fiber reinforced cement siding, wherein the fiber reinforced cement siding
has a
longitudinal width of 2727 mm or more but 3030 mm or less, and a lateral width
of 910
mm or more but 2000 mm or less.
The above aspect of the present invention is also achieved more effectively by
an anti-seismic reinforced structure of a building, wherein, in a structural
frame
comprising a pair of columns which are disposed to oppose each other to the
right and
left, an upper horizontal member and a lower horizontal member which are
connected
to each column, the fiber reinforced cement siding is in contact with the
front surfaces
of the upper horizontal member, lower horizontal member and each columns and
is
fixed to the contact portion on the front surfaces of the upper horizontal
member, the
lower horizontal member and each of the columns at predetermined intervals of
30
mm or more but 200 mm or less with a nail or a screw.
According to the fiber reinforced cement siding of the present invention and
an
anti-seismic reinforced structure of a building using the fiber reinforced
cement siding,
the moisture permeability of structural face materials can be improved without
providing ventilating holes in the form of through-holes, while still
providing an effective
bearing wall. Since the fiber reinforced cement siding is a noncombustible
material or
a quasi-noncombustible material it can increase the resistance of a framework
structure to file and does not decay like wood. Therefore, durability can be
ensured
for a long period of time.
According to an aspect of the present invention there is provided a fiber
reinforced cement siding used for a wall portion of a building, the fiber
reinforced
cement siding comprising, on its surface, a first painted portion comprising a
first
amount of paint applied, and a second painted portion comprising an amount of
paint
applied which is less than the first amount of paint applied and is provided
in a portion
other than the first painted portion, the first and second painted portions
being formed
by painting portions of the surface, and the first painted portion comprising
at least a
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predetermined round painted surface region having a radius of at least 30 mm
centered around a nailed portion or a screw-fixed portion.
Hence, according to such a fiber reinforced cement siding of the present
invention and the anti-seismic reinforced structure of a building using the
fiber
reinforced cement siding, the moisture permeability of the structural face
material can
be increased, and high resistance to condensation within the wall body,
resistance to
seismic shocks, resistance to file and excellent durability (resistance to
decay) are
provided. Therefore, their advantages are remarkable.
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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a front view showing a typical example of the fiber reinforced
cement
siding according to Example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a structural front view showing a typical example of an anti-seismic
reinforced structure of a building using the fiber reinforced cement siding
according to
Example 1 of the present invention structure.
FIG. 3 is a structural top view showing a typical example of the anti-seismic
reinforced structure of a building using the fiber reinforced cement siding
according to
Example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a front view showing a typical example of the fiber reinforced
cement
siding of the present invention according to Example 2.
FIG. 5 is a front view showing a typical example the fiber reinforced cement
siding according to Example 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a front view showing a typical example of the fiber reinforced
cement
siding according to Example 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a front view showing a typical example of the fiber reinforced
cement
siding according to Example 5 of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a front view showing a typical example of the fiber reinforced
cement
siding according to Example 6 of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a front view showing a typical example of the fiber reinforced
cement
siding according to Examples 7 and 8 of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a typical example of the fiber
reinforced cement siding according to Example 9 of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a typical example of the fiber
reinforced cement siding according to Example 10 of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a typical example of the fiber
reinforced cement siding according to Example 11 of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing a typical example of the fiber
reinforced cement siding according to Example 12 of the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a structural front view showing a known bearing wall (Comparative
Example).
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The most suitable embodiments of the present invention will be described with
reference to FIGS. 1 to 14.
FIG. 1 and FIGS. 4 to 13 show fiber reinforced cement sidings according to
embodiments of the present invention, and FIGS. 2 and 3 show anti-seismic
reinforced
structures of a building using this fiber reinforced cement siding.
FIG. 14 shows a known bearing wall (Comparative Example).
Example 1
Example 1 of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, is constituted of a
fiber
reinforced cement siding 9 (hereinafter referred to as board 9 ), which is a
building
face material, partially having a paint applied on its front surface. Nails 4
are driven
only in a nailed portion 95 of a painted portion 11 which is partially painted
(described
later). Moreover, an unpainted portion 12 is provided on the front surface
excluding the
painted portion 11 which is partially painted.
In Example 1 of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the board 9
is affixed with the long sides oriented vertically to a framework structure 5
consisting
of an upper horizontal member 1, a lower horizontal member 2, columns 7 and
studs
8. Herein, the dimension of the board 9 is set depending on the intervals of
the
column 7 so that the left end 91 and right end 92 of the board 9 are in
contact with the
front surfaces of the columns 7. Similarly, the dimension of the board 9 is
set
depending on the interval between the upper horizontal member 1 and the lower
horizontal member 2 so that the upper end portion 93 and lower end portion 94
of the
board 9 are in contact with the front surfaces of the upper horizontal member
1 and
the lower horizontal member 2.
In affixing the board, the lower end portion 94 of the board 9 is brought into
contact with the front surface of the lower horizontal member 2, and the nails
4 are
driven at intervals of 100 mm along the lower side of the board 9 in the
direction of its
shorter sides to fix the board 9. Furthermore, as for the portion in which the
left end
91 and right end 92 of the board 9 mentioned above are in contact with the
column 7,
the nails 4 are driven at intervals of 100 mm along the left side and right
side of the
board 9 in the direction of its longer sides to fix the board 9. Moreover, in
this board
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9, a portion which is in contact with the stud 8 is fixed by driving the nails
4 at intervals
of 200 mm in the direction of the longer sides of the board 9. A portion of
the board 9
which is in contact with the upper horizontal member 1 at its upper end
portion 93 is
fixed by driving the nails 4 into the upper horizontal member I at intervals
of 100 mm
along the upper side of the board 9 in the direction of its shorter sides.
The painted portion 11 which is partially painted is provided only in the
portions
where the board 9 is in contact with the upper horizontal member 1, lower
horizontal
member 2, columns 7 and studs 8 constituting the framework structure 5, and
their
neighboring portions. The nails 4 are driven only in the nailed portion 95 in
the painted
portion 11 which is partially painted at predetermined intervals to fix the
board 9.
Example 2
Example 2 of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4, is constituted by a
board 9 which is provided with a first painted portion 13 comprising a first
amount of
paint applied and a second painted portion 14 comprising a less amount of
paint
applied than the first amount of paint applied on its front surface. Nails 4
are driven
only in the first painted portion 13 comprising the first amount of paint
applied. Other
conditions are the same as in Example 1.
Herein, the nails 4 used in conventional examples and Examples 1 and 2
according to the embodiments of the present invention have a shank diameter of
2.75
mm, a length of 50 mm, and smoothly shaped shanks. In each Example, if the
intervals of the nails 4 driven to fix the board 9 to the upper horizontal
member 1, the
lower horizontal member 2 and the columns 7, i.e., 100 mm, is less than 30 mm,
cracks are produced in the board. Therefore, it is desirable to drive the
nails at
intervals of 30 mm or more. Moreover, when the intervals of these nails 4,
i.e., 100
mm, are more than 200 mm, strength is reduced. Therefore, it is desirable to
drive the
nails at intervals of 200 mm or less. For the same reason, the intervals of
the nails 4
for fixing the board 9 to the studs 8, i.e., 200 mm is desirably 30 mm or
more. If these
intervals of 200 mm is more than 200 mm, warping and lifting in the out-of-
plane
direction and other problems of the board are produced, which is undesirable
for
exerting strength. Therefore, it is desirable to drive the nails at intervals
of 200 mm or
less.
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It should be noted that the lower horizontal member is equivalent to a sill in
the
first floor of the framework structure, while it is equivalent to girts, beams
and
crossbeams in the second and higher floors. Moreover, the upper horizontal
member
is equivalent to girts, beams and crossbeams in the first and higher floors of
the
framework structure.
Example 3
In Example 3 of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 5, a painted portion
11
which is partially painted is provided in the form of circles in a nailed
portion 95, and
an unpainted portion 12 is provided in the rest of the front surface.
Also in this case, the positions of nails 4 in the board 9 are the same as in
Examples 1 and 2 (not shown), but the area of the painted portion is smaller
as a
whole than in Example 1. Therefore, the resistance to moisture permeation
tends to
be lower (moisture permeability is increased). In other words, Example 3 tends
to have
a lower resistance to moisture permeation (moisture permeability is increased)
than
Comparative Example.
Example 4
In Example 4 of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 6, a first painted
portion
13 comprising a first amount of paint applied is provided in the form of the
circles in
a nailed portion 95, and a second painted portion 14 comprising a less amount
of paint
applied than the first amount of paint applied is provided in the rest of the
front
surface. In this Example 4, a second painted portion 14 comprising a less
amount of
paint applied than a first amount of paint applied is provided in the range of
the
unpainted portion 12 shown in Example 3. The range of a first painted portion
13
comprising the first amount of paint applied is identical to the painted
portion 11 which
is partially painted in Example 3.
Also in this case, the positions of nails 4 of the board 9 are the same as in
Examples 1 and 2 (not shown), but the area of the first painted portion 13
comprising
the first amount of paint applied is smaller than that of the painted portion
11 which is
partially painted of Example 2. Therefore, the resistance to moisture
permeation tends
to be lower (moisture permeability is increased). In other words, Example 4
tends to
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have a lower resistance to moisture permeation than Comparative Example
(moisture
permeability is increased).
Example 5
As shown in FIG. 7 (a) to (c), in Example 5 of the present invention, the
range
of the painted portion 11 which is partially painted is larger and the range
of the
unpainted portion 12 is smaller than in Example 1. Although Example 5 tends to
have
a resistance to moisture permeation higher than Example 1, it can obtain an
improving
effect similar to Example 1.
Example 6
As shown in FIG. 8 (a) to (c), in Example 6 of the present invention, the
range
of a first painted portion 13 comprising a first amount of paint applied is
larger, and the
range of a second painted portion 14 comprising a less amount of paint applied
than
the first amount of paint applied is smaller than in Example 2. Although
Example 6
tends to have a resistance to moisture permeation higher than Example 2, it
can
obtain an improving effect similar to Example 2.
Examples 7 and 8
As shown in FIG. 9 (a), (b), in Examples 7 and 8 of the present invention, a
painted portion 11 which is partially painted and a first painted portion 13
comprising
a first amount of paint applied are enlarged in the upper end portion 93 of
the board
9 and the lower end portion 94 of the board 9 in the direction of the longer
sides of the
board 9, compared to Examples 1 and 2. More specifically, the areas of the
painted
portion 11 which is partially painted and the first painted portion 13
comprising a first
amount of paint applied are increased to ensure that a nailed portion 95 is in
contact
with the painted portion 11 which is partially painted and the first painted
portion 13
comprising the first amount of paint applied, considering cutting and fixing
of the board
9 corresponding to the interval between an upper horizontal member 1 and a
lower
horizontal member 2 in the construction site. Examples 7 and 8 have an effect
to
improve moisture permeability similar to Examples 1 and 2, respectively, and
have
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installation flexibility which allows cutting of the board depending on the
installation
parts and intervals in an optional position. They also have the effect to
reduce
installation failure such as nails driven into the portion other than the
painted portion
11 which is partially painted and the first painted portion 13 comprising the
first amount
of paint applied.
Example 9
As shown in FIG. 10 (a) to (d) in Example 9 of the present invention, a number
of recesses 20 are provided on the surface of the board, and painted portions
11
which are partially painted are further provided on the surface. Moreover,
unpainted
portions 12 are provided on bottom faces 22 and side faces (slope) 23 of the
recesses
20. The method of fixing the board is similar to that in Example 1 (not
shown). The
unpainted portions 12 on the side faces (slope) 23 are increased by providing
these
recesses 20, and the moisture permeability is thus improved.
Example 10
As shown in FIG. 11 (a) to (d), in Example 10 of the present invention, a
number of recesses 20 similar to those in Example 9 are provided on the
surface of
the board, and first painted portions 13 comprising a first amount of paint
applied are
further provided on the surface. Moreover, second painted portions 14
comprising a
less amount of paint applied than the first amount of paint applied are
provided on
bottom faces 22 and side faces (slope) 23 of the recesses 20. The method of
fixing
the board is similar to that in Example 2 (not shown). The second painted
portions 14
comprising a less amount of paint applied than the first amount of paint
applied are
increased by providing these recesses 20 on the side faces (slope) 23, and the
moisture transmission performance is thus improved.
Example 11
As shown in FIG. 12 (a) to (d), in Example 11 of the present invention, a
number of projections 21 are provided on the surface of the board, and painted
portions 11 which are partially painted are further provided on the top
surfaces of the
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projections 21. Moreover, unpainted portions 12 are provided in the portion
other than
the top surfaces of the projections 21. The method of fixing the board is
similar to that
in Example 1 (not shown). The unpainted portions 12 on the side faces (slope)
23 are
increased by providing these projections 21, and the moisture permeability is
thus
improved.
Example 12
As shown in FIG. 13 (a) to (d), in Example 12 of the present invention, a
number of projections 21 are provided on the surface of the board, and first
painted
portions 13 comprising a first amount of paint applied are further provided on
the top
surfaces of the projections 21. Moreover, second painted portions 14
comprising a
less amount of paint applied than the first amount of paint applied are
provided in the
portion other than the top surfaces of the projections 21. The method of
fixing the
board is similar to that in Example 2 (not shown). The second painted portions
14
comprising a less amount of paint applied than the first amount of paint
applied on the
side face (slope) 23 are increased by providing these projections 21, and the
moisture
permeability is thus improved.
Although not shown in the Figs, the framework structure is constituted by
using
metal fittings or reinforcing metals in some forms. Also in this case,
Examples 1 to 12
can be applied.
Similarly, when the metal fittings or reinforcing metals function as anti-
seismic
reinforcing metals and the framework structure has a performance of a strength
wall
structure, these Examples 1 to 12 can be applied to constitute a composite
bearing
wall.
Subsequently, the results of the tests for comparing the fiber reinforced
cement
siding according to embodiments of the present invention and an anti-seismic
reinforced structure of a building using the fiber reinforced cement siding
(Examples
1 and 2), and a known fiber reinforced cement siding and a bearing wall
structure
using the same (Comparative Examples) are shown in Tables 1 to 5.
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<Method of Testing Moisture Transmission Performance>
Tests were conducted by a method according to the cup method described in
Japanese Industrial Standards JIS A 1324 measuring method of water vapor
permeance for building materials. It should be noted that the test relating to
moisture
permeability was carried out not by using a full-size wall structure, but by
using sample
pieces.
<Basic test>
[Table 1]
Basic test Basic test Basic test
specimen 1 specimen 2 specimen 3
(Comparative
example
(conventional
example))
Schematic two-
dimensional
configuration of
specimen
1Sample Fiber reinforced cement siding
Size of sample 290 x 290 mm
Thickness of 9 mm
sample
Area of moisture Inner 250 x 250 mm
permeation
Type of paint Ac I.ic emulsion paint
Amount of paint (1): None (2): 75 (3): 130
applied /m2
Resistance to 0.56 1.49 3.31
moisture (4.2) (11.2) (24.8)
permeation
(m2=h-kPa/g)
(m2-htmmHg/g
inside
Result Excellent Good -
Remarks: The smaller the value of resistance to moisture permeation, the
better.
Table 1: Specimens and test results of "basic test of moisture
permeability
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<Control specimens>
[Table 2]
Example 1 Example 2 Comparative
example
(conventional
example)
Schematic two-
dimensional
configuration of
specimen
Sample Fiber reinforced cement siding
Size of sample 290 x 290 mm
Thickness of 9 mm
sample
Area of moisture Inner 250 x 250 mm
permeation
Type of paint Acrylic emulsion paint
Painting (1): Unpainted (2): Second (3): Painted
specification portion painted portion portion
(3): Painted comprising an
portion which is amount of paint
partially painted applied which is
less than first
amount of paint
applied
(3): First painted
portion
comprising first
amount of paint
applied
Ratio of painted (1): 50% (2): 50% (3): 100%
areas 3:50% 3:50%
Remarks Painting of (2) and (3) are the same as the painting
specification of the basic test in Table 1.
Table 2: Profile of control specimens of moisture permeability
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<Comparative test results of moisture permeability>
[Table 31
Example 1 Example 2 Comparative
Example
(conventional
example)
Resistance to 0.85 1.93 3.31
moisture (6.4) (14.5) (24.8)
permeation
(m2-h=kPa/g)
(m2=h-mmHg/g
inside
Result Excellent Good -
Remarks: The smaller the value of resistance to moisture permeation, the
better.
Table 3: Comparative test results of moisture permeability
<Method of testing strength of bearing wall>
The test was conducted by a test method in conformity with the approval
prescribed in the Ordinance for Enforcement of the Building Standards Law
Article
46(4), item (8) in Table 1 "Manual of method of testing and evaluating
operations of
wooden bearing walls their factors of resistance" published by the designated
performance evaluation organization defined in the Building Standards Law
Article
77(56) and Ordinance relating to designated qualification certification
organization
under the Building Standards Law Article 71(2).
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<Specimen>
[Table 4]
Example 1 Example 2 Comparative
Example
- (conventional
example)
Size of framework 1,820 mm (width) x 2,730 mm (height)
material
Material of Upper horizontal member: Douglas fir
framework Lower horizontal member, columns, studs: Pine
material
Dimensions of Upper horizontal member: 180 mm x 105 mm
members of Lower horizontal member: 105 mm x 105 mm
framework Columns: 105 mm x 105 mm
material Studs: 105 mm x 45 mm
Fiber reinforced cement siding thickness: 9 mm
910 mm (shorter sides) x 2730 mm (longer sides)
Acrylic emulsion paint
Paint Paint Paint
specification: specification: specification:
Painted portion -First painted -Painting on the
which is partially portion entire front
painted comprising first surface
...Resistance to amount of paint ...Resistance to
moisture applied moisture
permeation: 3.31 ... Resistance to permeation: 3.31
Structural face m2 h=kPa/g moisture m2-h-kPa/g
Unpainted permeation: 3.31
material portion m2=h=kPa/g
...Resistance to -Second painted
moisture portion
permeation: 0.56 comprising less
m2 h=kPa/g amount of paint
,applied than first
amount of paint
applied
...Resistance to
moisture
permeation: 1.49
m2 h . kPa/
-Left and right ends of board: 100-mm intervals to columns
Nail intervals -Center of board: 200-mm intervals to studs
Lower end of board: 100-mm intervals to lower horizontal
member
-Upper end of board: 100-mm intervals to upper horizontal
member
Nails Shank diameter: 2.75 mm, length: 50 mm
(Configuration of shank: smooth)
Table 4: Profile of specimens
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<Tests on strength of bearing wall results>
[Table 5]
Angle of Example 1 Example 2 Comparativ
deformation e Example
(rad) (convention
al example
1/450 7.25 8.35 7.80
1/300 9.15 10.75 9.80
1/200 11.85 13.80 12.75
1/150 13.70 15.60 14.55
1/100 16.95 19.30 17.80
1/75 19.05 21.25 19.75
1/50 22.35 24.05 23.45
Table 5: "Data of Load-angle of deformation" of Example 1, Example 2 and
Comparative Example
<Test results>
The comparative test results of moisture permeability indicate that the
moisture
permeability of Examples 1 and 2 was improved compared to Comparative Example.
Moreover, the results of the tests on strength of bearing wall indicate that
the strength
of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example are similar, and even if there is
an
unpainted portion as in Example 1 or there is a portion where the amount of
the paint
applied is low as in Example 2, sufficient strength can be obtained.
It is understood from these results that even if painting is partially applied
on a
single fiber reinforced cement siding and a painted portion which is partially
painted
is provided to reduce the painted area as a whole, Example 1 can realize a
fiber
reinforced cement siding having excellent anti-seismic performance and
improved
moisture permeability and an anti-seismic reinforced structure of a building
using the
fiber reinforced cement siding.
Similarly, even when both of the first painted portion comprising the first
amount
of paint applied and the second painted portion comprising an amount of paint
applied
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which is less than the first amount of paint applied are provided, Example 2
can realize
a fiber reinforced cement siding having excellent anti-seismic performance and
improved moisture transmission performance and an anti-seismic reinforced
structure
of a building using the fiber reinforced cement siding.
Regarding the structural frame in the fiber reinforced cement siding of the
present invention and an anti-seismic reinforced structure of a building using
the fiber
reinforced cement siding, such structural frames that are constructed by the
framework
construction method are mainly described above, but construction methods other
than
this, for example, the wood frame construction method and the log construction
method can be similarly applied.
As the structural frame in the fiber reinforced cement siding of the present
invention and the anti-seismic reinforced structure of a building using the
fiber
reinforced cement siding, there are framework construction methods and
structures
based on the scale dimensions such as the syaku module in which the intervals
between the columns and the studs are 455 mm and the meter module in which the
intervals are 500 mm. When the fiber reinforced cement siding is installed on
these
frameworks with the long sides oriented vertically, the lateral width of the
board can
be 910 mm or more but 1820 mm or less in case of the syaku module, or the
lateral
width can be 1000 mm or more but 2000 mm or less in case of the meter module.
For example, in case of the syaku module, when a board having a lateral width
of 910 mm and a longitudinal width of 3030 mm is provided in a tensioned state
on a
framework structure having a width of 1820 mm and a height of 2727 mm, two
boards
which are cut to have a longitudinal width of 2727 mm may be used.
Similarly, in case of the meter module, when a board, for example, having a
lateral width of 1000 mm and a longitudinal width of 3030 mm is provided in a
tensioned state on a framework structure having a width of 2000 mm and a
height of
3000 mm, a board which has been cut to have a longitudinal width of 3000 mm
may
be used.
The thickness of the board is preferably 9 mm or more, but the thickness can
be set depending on the required strength of the bearing wall even if the
thickness is
less than 9 mm.
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Painting of the surface of the board may be carried out in any manner as long
as it is suitable for fiber reinforced cement sidings. Examples include
acrylic
urethane-based resin paint, acrylic resin paint, acrylic silicon resin paint,
fluorine-based
resin paint, epoxy-based resin paint, inorganic paint and the like. These may
be used
singly or in combination. Moreover, various kinds of sealer paints may be also
used
singly. Moreover, combinations of the various kinds of sealer paints and the
above-mentioned paints are also usable. Furthermore, painting may be also
carried
out dividedly for several times to form a plurality of coated films.
The values of the resistance to moisture permeation of the painted portion
which is partially painted and the first painted portion comprising the first
amount of
paint applied are preferably 2.67 m2 h=kPa/g to 6.67 m2=h=kPa/g, but they may
be
larger than 6.67 m2=h-kPa/g. In this case, an extent of a decrease in the long-
term
strength of the structural face material and a decrease in the long-term
strength of the
bearing wall can be reduced. On the other hand, in case where the required
long-term
performance of the design objective of the bearing wall is not high, the
values of the
resistance to moisture permeation of the painted portion which is partially
painted and
the first painted portion comprising the first amount of paint applied can be
lower than
2.67 m2=h=kPa/g.
Furthermore, the value of the resistance to moisture permeation of the second
painted portion comprising an amount of paint applied which is less than the
first
amount of paint applied is desirably lower than the value of the resistance to
moisture
permeation of the first painted portion comprising the first amount of paint
applied.
However, since the lower the value of the resistance to moisture permeation of
the
second painted portion comprising an amount of paint applied which is less
than the
first amount of paint applied, the more effective in improving moisture
permeability, the
difference between the value of the resistance to moisture permeation of the
second
painted portion comprising an amount of paint applied which is less than the
first
amount of paint applied and that of the first painted portion comprising the
first amount
of paint applied is desirably set large.
The painted portion which is partially painted and the first painted portion
comprising the first amount of paint applied may be any portion as long as
they are at
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least round region faces having a radius of 30 mm centered around the nailed
portion
or screw-fixed portion.
This circle having a radius of 30 mm represents the area of influence of the
stress transmitted to the board by a fastener such as a nail and screw. If the
range of
each of the painted portion which is partially painted and the first painted
portion
comprising the first amount of paint applied is smaller than this circle
having a radius
of 30 mm, the strength of the nailed portion or screw-fixed portion of the
board tends
to be lowered. Therefore, the radius is desirably 30 mm or more. Moreover,
when the
strength of the bearing wall is further improved, this radius 30 mm is
desirably a larger
numerical value.
On the other hand, in case where the required performance of the bearing wall
of the design objective is not high, this radius 30 mm can be smaller than
this.
The recesses and the cross sectional shapes of the recesses and projections
shown in Examples 9 to 11 may be chamfered at their corners. Moreover, the
lines
constituting the cross sections are not limited to combinations of straight
lines, and
may be-curves and_fr_ee-f_or_m_curves.. The-vertica.l_(d.epth)-dimensions-of-
th.e-recesses
and projections are desirably 0.5 mm or more. Furthermore, the recesses and
the
two-dimensional shapes (front shapes) of the recesses and projections may be a
straight line, curve, free-form curve, circle, ellipse, polygon having three
sides or more,
geometrical pattern, symbol, character and any other shape, or combinations of
these.
The recesses and the two-dimensional sizes (front dimensions) of the recesses
and
projections may be at least 1 mm in diameter. In addition, small projections,
recesses
and grooves may be further provided on the surface of the board and the bottom
faces
and side faces (slope) of the recesses. For example, projections are provided
on the
board in a brick pattern, minute recesses are provided in these projections,
and further
mortar-patterned minute projections and recesses are provided in the recesses
(joint
portions between bricks) in some cases.
Similarly, when no recesses and projections are provided on the surface of the
board, the two-dimensional shapes (front shapes) of the unpainted portion and
the
second painted portion comprising an amount of paint applied less than the
first
amount of paint applied may be also a straight line, curve, free-form curve,
circle,
ellipse, polygon having three sides or more, geometrical pattern, symbol,
character or
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any other shape, or combinations of these. The two-dimensional size (front
size) may
be at least 1 mm in diameter.
In painting the board, a painted surface may be constituted in the form of
planes, lines or spots by using a roll coater or the like. Similarly, painting
in the form
of minute spots may be applied by sputtering, ink jet, electrostatic coating
or other
methods to constitute the painted portion which is partially painted, the
unpainted
portion, the first painted portion comprising the first amount of paint
applied, and the
second painted portion comprising an amount of paint applied less than the
first
amount of paint applied.
Furthermore, in the second painted portion comprising an amount of paint
applied less than the first amount of paint applied, a minute unpainted
portion may be
produced by sand-blasting a normal painted surface or conducting other
processes so
that a painted surface having a value of the resistance to moisture permeation
similar
to the second painted portion comprising an amount of paint applied less than
the first
amount of paint applied is obtained.
I n order uffjrient moisture permeability regardless of whether
recesses and projections are provided or not, it is desirable to provide a
number of the
unpainted portions and the second painted portions comprising an amount of
paint
applied less than the first amount of paint applied. However, the number and
area of
these portions may be set depending on required moisture permeability and
aesthetic
quality.
Furthermore, the fiber reinforced cement siding can be installed both on the
external wall side and inner wall side of the board. When the durability of
the bearing
wall structure is to be ensured more securely, the outer surface of the board
is
desirably subjected to a finishing process on the external wall. The ends of
this board
may be chamfered, and the configuration of the joint portions between the
boards may
be butt joint, ship-lap, tongue-and-groove joint, or combinations of these.
For example,
when the board is used for interior work, a possible constitution is such that
the ends
of the chamfered boards are joined by butt joint to form a butt joint, and a
filler such
as a putty is applied in this joint to render the wall jointless.
When the board is installed on the external wall side, a moisture-permeable
waterproof sheet (e.g., Tyvek manufactured by Du Pont) having a standardized
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configuration and dimension may be affixed in advance on the outer surface of
the
board depending on the shape and dimension of the board. Furthermore, in the
right
and left abutting portions and upper and lower abutting portions between the
boards,
it is desirable that one of the sides of the moisture-permeable waterproof
sheet has
an overlap allowance in such a shape that it extends slightly off the board so
that the
boards can be superposed on each other. In this case, the man-hours for
affixing the
moisture-permeable waterproof sheet at the construction site can be reduced.
In addition, in the vertical and horizontal edges of the board, when the end
distance and edge distance of the nails or screws driven into the board is
less than 15
mm, cracks may be generated in the board. Therefore, the end distance and edge
distance of 15 mm or more are desirably ensured. The nail used is desirably
the
stainless steel nail defined by JIS A 5508, with a shank diameter of 2.75 mm
or more,
a length of 50 mm or more, and a smoothly shaped shank. As well as in the
thickness
of the board, it is possible to set iron wire nails, nails for plaster boards
and the like
according to the above standard depending on the required resistance factor of
wall
and set the diameter, length and shape of the shank-
When the board is fixed by using screws, the screws used is desirably cross
recessed flat head tapping screws defined by JIS B 1122 with a diameter of 3
mm or
more and a length of 30 mm or more, or coarse threads. As in the above, it is
possible
to establish screws for plaster boards and light top tapping screws depending
on the
required resistance factor of wall and set the dimensions and shapes such as
diameter
and length. Moreover, in working the screws, to prevent breakage of the edge
of the
board, it is desirable that tap drill holes having the same diameter as the
screws or a
diameter slightly smaller than that of the screws are formed on the board in
advance,
and the screws are driven into these tap drill holes by using electric tools
such as
electric drivers to prevent breakage of the board.
