Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
CA 02618380 2008-01-23
FEED ADDITIVE AND USES THEREOF
Field of the invention
This invention is in the area of animal feed additives.
Background of the invention
Disease or undesirable condition may occur in a human and an animal subject
from any
one or more of a long list of causes, including microbial infection, exposure
to toxins, prolonged
exposure to stress, and a diet that is either deficient in one or more
essential substances, contains
an excess of harmful substances, such as salt, fats, cholesterol, etc., or is
otherwise unbalanced.
Alternatively, or in addition, the onset and development of disease or
undesirable condition may
have a genetic component.
Oxidative damage is caused by the action of highly reactive species (such as
free
radicals or peroxides) on the cells and tissues of the body. A free radical is
any atom or group of
atoms, which has one or more uripaired electrons. Free radicals are uncharged
high-energy species
that are highly reactive. Peroxides are compounds containing linked pairs of
oxygen atoms.
Organic peroxides can act as sources of free radicals.
One major source of such reactive species is molecular oxygen, which is
converted into
a "reactive oxygen species". The loss of an electron from molecular oxygen
will produce a free
radical species, which reacts with cells or tissue in the body causing damage
including lipid
peroxidation, which leads to cell death. Reactive oxygen species can be
produced in the body of
an aerobic organism during metabolism, for example by the respiratory burst of
phagocytes,
mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and the xanthine oxidase system. In
addition, reactive
oxygen species are produced in the environment, for example by UV light,
pollutants or ionising
radiation.
Exposure of the body to agents causing oxidative damage results in
inflammation, auto
immune diseases, cancers, muscle disorders, lung inflammation and general
ageing. Oxidative
damage to different parts of the body is responsible for causing or
exacerbating a number of
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disorders. Oxidative stress occurs when the production of reactive oxygen
species exceeds the
removal of the reactive oxygen species. Systemic and localised inflammation
most of the time
involve reaction of oxidative stresses and production of inflammatory markers,
such as protein
kinase C, lactic acid, haptogrobin, and cortisol. Another consequence of
oxidative stress, body
temperature increases and/or systemic inflammation is the reduction of
oxygenation of cells,
particularly smooth and red muscle cells, as well as the equilibrium of the
immune and hormonal
systems.
Agents causing oxidative damage can be inactivated by antioxidant molecules or
compounds. Antioxidants are typically highly substituted phenols, aromatic
amines or sulphur
containing molecules, which can occur naturally or can be produced
synthetically. In addition,
metal-sequestering agents can act as antioxidants by inactivating metals. The
body has its own
anti-oxidant defences including glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E, catalase,
copper-zinc-
superoxide dismutase and uric acid.
In moderate or severe cases of body temperature decrease, systemic and
localised
inflammation, and oxidative -stress, it is necessary to treat with
prescription medication.
Corticosteroids are most of the time used to reduce the inflammation thereby
resolving the clinical
signs of the disease. However, the inflammation will return following
cessation of the therapy if
the individual is exposed to offending products or conditions, including
environmental sources of
stress. The use of corticosteroids is accompanied by a number of undesirable
side effects. High
concentrations of the corticosteroids result in the suppression of the immune
system. The long-
term use of corticosteroids can lead to depression, muscle wasting, long dry
hair coat,
hyperglycemia, increased risk of' laminitis, polydipsia and polyuria.
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors inhibit the breakdown of intracellular cAMP in
smooth
muscle. The most commonly used phosphodiesterase inhibitor in mammals is
theophylline.
In addition, stress causing body temperature disturbance and systemic
inflammation
leads to lost of performance in animal production systems and farms. Appetite
reduction, weight
loss, decrease survival rate at birth, reduction of delivery, reduction of
lactation, and several other
problems can be associated to stress effects to the body.
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Therefore any new treatment or therapy which allows decreasing the
concentration of
conventional pharmaceuticals necessary to treat stress, inflammation and body
temperature will
be beneficial, in addition of improving the human and animal welfare and
performance.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
One aim of the present invention is to provide a food supplement composition
comprising at least one polyphenol compound, at least one antioxidant
compound, and at least one
vitamin.
The polyphenol compound can be obtained from a plant extract, and for example,
but
without limiting the scope of the present invention, can be a polyphenolic
acid. The vitamin can
be an antioxidant vitamin, or another vitamin, such as for example, vitamin D,
or a vitamin B, or a
vitamin f, or a combination thereof.
For example, the polyphenol can be in proportion of 0.1% (w/v or w/w) to 25%
(w/v or
w/w), the anti-oxidant compound in proportion of 0.1% (w/v or w/w) to 20% (w/v
or w/w), and
the vitamin in proportion of 0.11ro (w/v or w/w) to 30% (w/v or w/w).
In accordance with the present invention there is provided a food composition
in which
can be a concentration of methyl salicylate or an analog thereof at a level
from 0.01 mg to 100 mg
per kilogram body weight per day or above.
The food supplemenit composition of the present invention may comprosed of a
probiotic microorganism. The probiotic microorganism can be a yeast, a
bacteria, or a
combination thereof, which can be alternatibly a living or dead probiotic
microorganism.
Another aim of the present invention is to provide a food supplement for
reducing
systemic inflammation, localised inflammation, body temperature, or cellular
oxidation,
comprising a food supplement composition as described herein.
Another aim of the present invention is to provide a method for reducing body
temperature, systemic inflammation, localised inflammation, or cellular
oxidation, the method
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comprising the step of administering orally to an animal or a human the food
supplement
composition according to the present invention.
Another aim of the present invention is to provide a method for improving
fertility of
an animal or a human compris'ing giving orally to the animal or human the food
supplement
composition according to the present invention.
Another aim of the present invention is to provide a method for increasing the
growth
rate of an animal or a human comprising giving orally to an animal or a human
the food
supplement composition according to the present invention.
Another aim of the present invention is to provide a method for calming an
animal or a
human comprising giving orally to an animal or human the food supplement
composition
according to the present invention.
Another aim of the present invention is to provide a method for reducing body
shrink of
an animal or a human during a stress period comprising giving orally to an
animal or human the
food supplement composition according to the present invention at least
before, during, or after
the stress period.
Another aim of the present invention is to provide a method for increasing the
number
of eggs per bird comprising giving orally to a bird the food supplement
composition according to
the present invention.
Another aim of the present invention is to provide a method for reducing
diarrhea of an
animal or a human comprising giving orally to an animal or human the food
supplement
composition according to the present invention.
Another aim of the present invention is to provide a method for increasing
wounding
comprising giving orally to an animal or human the food supplement composition
according to
the present invention.
Another aim of the present invention is to provide a food composition for
improving
fertility of an animal or a human comprising the food supplement composition
according to the
present invention.
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Another aim of the present invention is to provide a food composition for
increasing the
growth rate of an animal or a human comprising the food supplement composition
according to
the present invention.
Another aim of the present invention is to provide a food composition for
calming an
animal or a human comprising the food supplement composition according to the
present
invention.
Another aim of the present invention is to provide a food composition for
reducing
body shrink of an animal or a human during a stress period comprising the food
supplement
composition according to the present invention.
Another aim of the present invention is to provide a food composition for
increasing the
number of eggs per bird compr:ising the food supplement composition according
to the present
invention.
Another aim of the present invention is to provide a food composition for
reducing
diarrhea of an animal or a human comprising the food supplement composition
according to the
present invention.
Another aim of the present invention is to provide a food composition for
increasing
wounding comprising the food supplement composition according to the present
invention.
For the purpose of the present invention the following terms are defined
below.
For the purposes of this invention, the terms "aid" and "aiding" mean to
decrease or
alleviate the symptoms suffered by a human or an animal individual especially
the symptoms of
systemic inflammation, body temperature increase, and stress effects. This aid
may allow the
reliance on a drug therapy to be reduced. Alternatively the individual may
exhibit less symptoms
or the severity of the symptoms may be reduced. The individual may exhibit an
improved level of
fitness or an improved level of well being.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The present invention now will be described more fully hereinafter with
reference to
the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments of the invention are
shown. This
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invention, may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be
construed as
limited to the embodiments set forth herein, rather, these embodiments are
provided so that this
disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of
the invention to
those skilled in the art.
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a food supplement
comprising at least one polyphenol compound, at least one antioxidant
compound, and at least one
vitamin.
The polyphenol compound can be a polyphenolic adic, which is generally
obtained
from natural sources and plants, under form, for example but not limited to,
plant extracts. Again
for example, polyphenol can be obtained from liquorice, wintergreen, betula,
taxus, larix,
rosemary, grape seeds, or combination thereof.
According to another embodiment of the present invention there is provided a
food or
feed supplement providing a synergistic effect of the combination of anti-
inflammatory products,
preferably natural, and alimentary anti-oxidant products, with vitamins.
Also, the present invention may also contain one or more flavenoids from
natural and
synthetic sources. The source of the flavenoid is not limiting. More
preferably, the natural source
of flavenoids is one or more of' wintergreen, rosemary and liquorice. The
plants contain tannic
acid, resin and a volatile oil, which contains Borneol, bornyl acetate and
other esters and a
camphor derivative. Oil of rosemary is used as a tonic, astringent,
diaphoretic and stimulant.
Dried plant extract containing polyphenol or flavanoids is provided at levels
of from
0.1 mg to 10 grams per kilogram body weight per day, preferably at levels of
10 mg to l gram per
kilogram bodyweight per day, and above or an equivalent amount of a semi-dried
or fully
hydrated form of plant extract.
Among others, liquorice has been shown to contain active saponins including
glycyrrhizin. These compounds have been reported to have liver-protective
effects through their
anti-free radical properties. Glycyrrhizin is converted into its aglycone by
intestinal flora.
Flavonoid aglycones are very bio-available.
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For the purposes of this invention the plant extract may be dried or partially
dried, in
the fornl of a powder, in oil, liquid (either as a solution or as an oil),
crushed, an extract, fresh or
semi-solid. Preferred forms of clried plant extract include those containing
between 0 and 40%
w/w water or between 0 and 10% or between 0 and 5%. Dried liquorice is
preferably provided at a
level of 2 mg to 500 mg per kilogram bodyweight per day more preferably 1 mg
per kilogram
bodyweight per day or above.
The first aspect of the invention relates to a food supplement which may
contain herbal
phenolic compounds. The source of the herbal phenolic compounds is not
limiting and can
include natural and synthetic sources. The herbal phenolic compounds can be
provided by a
natural source such as a plant, more preferably an herb plant. The phenolic
compounds can be
provided by one herb or by a mixture of herbs, for example, one or more of
wintergreen,
rosemary, nutmeg, oregano, basil and coriander. For the purposes of this
invention, any part of the
herb plant can be used (for exarnple, leaf, stem, bark, bulb, root, fruit,
flower or seed). The herb
material can be dried, semi-dried, fresh, crushed, in oil, in solution as a
powder, liquid (as a
solution or as an oil) or semi-soli:d.
Alternatively, the herbal phenolic compound is provided as an extract from a
plant.
The phenolic compound can be extracted and partially or fully purified from
the herb.
Preferably the phenolic compounds are obtained from wintergreen.
Several phenolic cornpounds extracted from plant extracts as disclosed above
(and
related family members such as oregano) have exhibited antioxidant effects.
Phenolics from plant
extracts include, but are not limited to, carnosol, rosemanol, carnosic acid
and rosemaridiphenol.
These phenolic compounds may act as antioxidants, inhibit carcinogenesis or
act as anti-
inflammatory agents.
Plant extracts according to the the invention may be in any form. It may be
dried,
fresh, crushed, in solution, in oil, as a powder, liquid (either as a solution
or as an oil) or semi-
solid.
Another aspect of die invention may optionally comprise proanthrocyanidins.
The
proanthrocyanidins of the preser-t invention can be provided by natural or
synthetic sources. The
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source of the proanthrocyanidins is not limiting. The proanthrocyanidins can
also be provided by
grape seed oil for example, without limiting the invention to this source.
The food supplement of the invention optionally contains B-vitamins including
folate.
The B-vitamins can be provided by natural or synthetic sources. Definitions of
natural and
synthetic sources discussed in relation to the antioxidant vitamins also apply
to this aspect of the
invention. Natural sources of the B vitamins include brewers yeast.
Brewers yeast is provided in the food supplement in this aspect of the
invention at a
level from lmg to 25 grams per kilogram body weight per day.
The food supplement of the invention may be used in aiding the treatment of an
animal
suffering from high body temperature, systemic inflammation, localized
inflammation, oxidative
stress, or environmental stress effects. In particular the food supplement is
used where the animal
may be mammals or birds. Manimals for the purposes of this invention include
bovine, porcine,
ovine, caprine, feline, canine, and primate, including human being. Birds may
include for example
chicken, turkey or ducks.
The antioxidant vitamins of the invention are compounds which can inactivate
free
radical species or the sources of free radicals including reactive oxygen
species and hydrogen
peroxide. Examples of such antioxidant vitamins include vitamin C, vitamin E
and beta-carotene.
Vitamin C is a water-soluble substance. Vitamin C has a number of important
roles in
the body. It has an essential role in the maintenance of healthy teeth, gums
and bones. It aids the
healing of wounds, scar tissue and fractures and strengthens blood vessels.
Vitamin C also builds
resistance to infection and aids in the prevention and treatment of the common
cold. Vitamin C is
also one of the major antioxidant nutrients.
The food supplement of the invention will optionally contain vitamin C at a
level from
10 mg to 1 gram per kilogram body weight per day. The vitamin C may be in any
form. It may be
liquid, semi-solid or solid.
Vitamin E is a collective term for several biologically similar compounds,
including
those called tocopherols and tocotrienols, which share the same biological
activity. The selenium-
containing enzyme glutathione peroxidase together with vitamin E helps to
protect cells against
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free radical induced damage. Vitamin E acts as a scavenger of free radicals.
Vitamin C may assist
by reducing the tocopheroxyl radicals formed by the scavenging. In addition,
vitamin E helps to
block lipid peroxidation and may also form an important part of the membrane
structure due to its
interaction with membrane phospholipids. It has also been suggested that
Vitamin E plays an
important role in the functioning of the immune system. The most biologically
active biological
form of vitamin E in animal tissue is alpha-tocopherol. Vitamin E cannot be
synthesised in vivo.
Forms of vitamin E for the present invention include D-alpha-tocopherol, D-
alpha-tocopherol
acetate, DL-alpha-tocopherol and DL-alpha-tocopherol acetate.
Units of vitamin E can be expressed as International Units (IU), where 1 IU of
alpha-
tocopherol approximates to 1 mg of alpha-tocopherol. Other vitamin E compounds
have their IU
determined by their biopotency :in comparison to alpha-tocopherol as described
in McDowell, L.
R (1989) Vitamin E: In vitamins in Animal Nutrition, Chapter 4, page 96,
Academic Press, UK.
Vitamin E is a major anti-oxidant nutrient and acts in the body as a free
radical
scavenger. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active anti-oxidant biological form of
vitamin E.
The food supplement of the first aspect of the invention may contain vitamin E
at a
level from 1 IU to 100 IU per kilogram body weight per day.
A further useful point: in relation to the use of vitamin E in combination
with vitamin C
is their potential to act synergistically, and more again when in combination
with anti-
inflammatory plant extract, such as these containing polyphenolic acids. This
may be assisted by
the fact that vitamin E is lipid soluble and vitamin C is water-soluble. Alpha-
tocopherol is known
to sit in the lipid membrane. Ascorbate and alpha-tocopherol, for example,
interact at the interface
between cell membranes or lipoproteins and water. Ascorbic acid rapidly
reduces alpha-
tocopherol radicals in membranes to regenerate alpha-tocopherol.
Beta-carotene has strong antioxidant properties and has been shown to be
beneficial
against selected cancers, cardiovascular diseases, cataracts and age related
macular degeneration.
Beta-carotene is particularly effective at scavenging peroxyl radicals and is
a very potent singlet
oxygen quencher at low oxygen tensions. Supplementation of the diet with beta-
carotene has been
reported to reduce lipid peroxidation.
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The food supplement of the invention may contain beta-carotene as a level of
from 1
mg to 50 mg per kilogram body weight per day.
The antioxidant vitamins (including sources of such vitamins, such as beta-
carotene)
of the invention are provided in combination with one or more compounds, which
exhibit
antioxidant or anti-inflammatory properties. These compounds include
polyphenol, polyphenolic
acid, eugenol, selenium, carotenoids, flavenoids, phyto-oestrogens,
proanthrocyanidins, herbal
phenolic compounds or ubiquinone.
Without limiting the present invention, there is some evidence that reactive
oxygen
species may have a role in high body temperature, stress related and
inflammatory diseases. Work
has indicated that mammals and birds suffering from recurrent airway
obstruction demonstrate
oxidative stress. The food supplement of the invention has provided a cocktail
of antioxidant
compounds derived from natural sources which decreases the level of
inflammation in mammals
and birds suffering from high body temperature, systemic and localized
inflammations, and
related conditions.
Administration of the food supplement of the invention to an animal will
provide an
increased level of compounds with antioxidant activity thus reducing oxidative
stress to the body.
This will be particularly beneficial where an animal has been or will be or is
subjected to an
increase growth, or where an animal is exposed to free radicals due to
environment. The food
supplement may help in maintaining the healthy respiratory system of an animal
by supporting or
improving the natural defenses of the body.
Controlling the systemic or localized inflammation, or body temperature
increase in
farm animals by giving the animals a composition according to the present
invenitori involves
preventing further attacks by erivironmental management or the use of
prescription medication
which can be costly and involves the risk of unwanted side effects.
Administration of the food
supplement of the invention cani reduce the need for prescription medication
thereby decreasing
the risk of side effects to that medication.
A second aspect of the invention provides a food supplement, which provides an
effective prophylaxis or adjunct treatment for inflammation, stresses, stress
effects or body
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temperature increase. The food supplement may be manufactured from natural
sources and
provides a more natural treatment for this condition.
A further aspect of the invention provides a food supplement, which provides a
contribution to the effective prophylaxis or treatment of systemic
inflammation, body increase
temperature, and stress effects. Administration of the food supplement of the
invention to an
individual suffering from these diseases will decrease, thus decreasing the
severity of the
symptoms.
According to anothei- embodiment of the current invention, it involves a
method of
contributing to the prophylaxis or treatment of an animal susceptible to or
suffering from damages
dues to oxidative stress, body temperature increase, systemic or localized
inflammation. The
invention also relates to a method of contributing to the prophylaxis or
treatment of an animal
susceptible to or suffering froni an environmental stress effect. In
particular this relates to a
method of treatment where the stress effect involves an inflammation of the
body. It is clear that
the method may have more general effects throughout the body. In each case,
the method
comprises administering to the animal a food supplement of of the invention.
The animal is
preferably in need of the prophylaxis or treatment.
The present invention will be more readily understood by referring to the
following
examples which are given to illustrate the invention rather than to limit its
scope.
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EXEMPLE I
EFFET DES POLYPHENOLS ISSU DES HUILES DE THE DES BOIS, MENTHE
POIVRE ET DE CANNELLE COMME ADDITIF DE CONTROLE DES STRESS
D'ELEVAGE PORCIN
Abstract : Le stress est un probleme de production extremement grave. Le
stress semble le principal
element responsable de la majorite des pertes de production. Le stress est une
reaction naturelle de
l'organisme. Le stress est un mecanisme inflammatoire qui inhibe la production
toutes les autres fonctions
du corps pour permettre dans un premier temps de produire du sucre et ainsi
etre en mesure de repondre
aux attaques externes. (The mechanisms of body function 1984). Les quatre
dernieres annees ont
favorise des nouvelles approches de production animale et I'ajout de nouvelles
alternatives qui permettent
de reduire les problemes du stress. (Bristol University UK, animal welfare
guide 2005). L'alimentation est
aussi un moyen de reduire les stress ou du moins a aide de les controler.
L'acquisition de connaissance
sur les plantes aux proprietes anti-inflammatoires nous semble une voie
interessante pour favoriser un
meilleur equilibre metabolique. L'objectif de cet ouvrage etait de demontrer
si il est possible par
I'alimentation d'augmenter la tolerance ou resistance aux differents stress
d'elevage chez le porc.
Tableau 1
Matieres actives
Nom de Ia plante Forme Origine Matiere active globale Matiere active
physiqu desirer pour Ia
e formulation
INGREDIENTS AUX PROPRIETES ANTI-INFLAMMATOIRES
Reglisse de chine Poudre Asie isoflavones, liquiritine, isoliquirie et Ortho
acethyle salicylate
formoneitine, ortho acetyle salicylate de (Glucosides
sodium phenoliques)
Huile de the des bois Huile Europe et Methyle salicylate Methyl salicylate
Asie (Glucosides
phenoliques)
Menthe poivree Poudre Europe et Menthol, acides phenoliques Acide phenolique
Asie
Vitamine E Poudre Asie Alpha tocopherol Vitamine E
INGREDIENTS AUX PROPRIETES regularisation du sucre sanguin
Tripicolinate de Poudre USA Chrome Chrome
chrome
INGREDIENTS SIALAGOGUE ET BACTERIOSTATIQUES
Huile de cannelle Huile Amerique Aldehyde cinnamique, eugenol, tanins,
Aldehyde cinnamique,
du sud, coumarines coumarines
Europe et
Asie
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Tableau 2
Formulation en pourcentage d'ingredients utilises.
Ingredients Formule avant Formule A: Groupe A Formule Placebo
substitution
% % %
Composantes Methyle salicylate de I'huile de 0,0% 4,0% AUCUN
phytoactives the
O-salicylate de la reglisse 12,5% 4,5%
Acide phenolique 0,5% 2,5%
Aldehyde cinnamique 0,5% 1,0%
Coumarines 0,25% 1,0%
Tanin 0,25% 1,0%
Composantes Vitamine E 64 K U.I. ou en premix 12,8%
actives Tripicolinate de chrome 200 PPB en premix 10%
Acide folique 4000 mg/kg en premix 1%
Composantes Argile
accessoires Aluminosilicate Variation pour Ia maniabilite : Ingredients
inertes : 10%
Aromate
Remplissage Remplissage avec du mais moulu. 76% 90%
TOTAL 100% 100%
100%
Notes
I. Formulation avant substitution : 14% d'activite poids/poids de polyphenols
de deux sources, reglisse
(12,5%) et cannelle (1,5%).
2. Formulation A: 14% d'activite poids/poids de polyphenols de 4 sources de
polyphenols, rdglisse (4,5%),
huile de th6(4,0%), menthe (2,5%) et cannelle (3,0%).
3. Les coumarines sont des acides phenoliques anticoagulantes.
4. Le tanin est un polyphdnol astringent
2.3.0) PROTOCOLE EXPERIMENTAL : La preparation du melange ses effectues en
plusieurs
etapes. L'etape 1 est la preparation d'un petit echantillon qui servait a
evaluer les caracteristiques
de base des ingredients. (Couleur, odeur, fluidite, densite, palatabilite).
L'etape 2 etait de verifier
comment les ingredients pouvaient se manipuler en production laboratoire.
L'etape 3 etait la
production d'echantillon test pour obtenir un seuil d'acceptabilite
d'appetence pour les animaux.
Cet etape pouvait necessite plusieurs voyages aller retour entre la ferme et
la cuisine laboratoire.
Lorsque le seuil d'acceptabilite etait atteint, un plus gros echantillon etait
produit pour faire les
tests d'experimentation sur les animaux. Les formules sont au tableau 2.
PROJET CHEZ LE PORC et LES STRESS NORMAUX:
LE PROJET: Le projet a trois phases, une phase 1 qui consiste a substituer des
molecules
actives anti-inflammatoires de la reglisse de chine (isoflavones, liquiritine,
isoliquirie et
formoneitine, ortho acetyle salicylate de sodium) par d'autres sources en
provenance de 1'huile de
the des bois, menthe poivre et cannelle (methyle salicylate, tannin, menthol,
acide phenolique,
aldehyde de cannelle). Et une deuxieme phase qui consiste a experimenter le
melange sur des
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pores en engraissement en conditions normale. La troisieme phase consiste a
ajuste les
ingredients accessoires inertes afin d'ameliorer sa maniabilite.
= La formulation est un additif alimentaire utilise a un ratio 1/1000 dans
1'aliment complet.
= La formulation a comme but d'essayer de demontrer l'effet inflammatoire peut-
elle etre
benefique chez des pores non challenges.
= L'efficacite de la formulation est evaluee par la presence de proteine
inflammatoire dans le
sang, et des resultats de performances zootechniques sur la mortalite et
1'efficacite
alimentaire.
HYPOTHESE:
= Un additif alimentaire contenant suffisamment d'acides polyphenoliques anti-
inflammatoire ainsi que du tripicolinate de chrome, aide a controler la
reaction
inflammatoire peut-il avoir un effet positif sur les parametres zootechniques.
= Il est possible de substituer des sources et molecules differentes en autant
que les
substituant ont les memes proprietes biologiques.
= Un animal expose a des ingredients differents, mais a de meme fonction
devrait repondre
de la meme maniere.
= Si les molecules anti-inflammatoires de la reglisse sont efficaces et que
nous les
substituons par d'autres rnolecules de meme nature, nous devrions avoir la
meme reponse
biologique.
Les ingredients a substitue sont : La reglisse
Les ingredients substituant sont : Huiles de the des bois, menthe poivre et
cannelle.
La principale raison de substitution est: La reglisse a forte concentration
cree un melange qui fait
des precipites.
MATERIELS ET METHODES
TABLEAU3
Dosages de 1'additif en fonction du sexe
Animals EVP-COMBI
Truies 2 kg / tm
Verrats 1 k / tm
Porcelets 2 kg / tm
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TABLEAU 4
Parametres d'evaluation de la reponse experimentale
Parametres de mesure Su lement pol henoli ue
Biochimie
a. Haptoglobine (oxidation cellulaire) Oui
b. CPK: (degenerescence musculaire) Oui
c. Lactate: duree du stress) Oui
Zootechnique :
a. Gain quotidien : Non
b. Consommation alimentaire : Oui
c. Consommation d'eau : Oui
d. Fertilite : Oui
Intervalle sevrage-saillie Oui
Taux de reussite des inseminations Oui
Taux de gestations (et de retours en chaleur) Oui
Viabilite des porcelets au sevrage Oui
e. Mortalite Oui
Comportement :
a. Niveau d'agitation Oui
b. Niveau d'a ressivite Oui
Presence de maladie
a. Types PRRS (porc)
b. Incidences Oui
c. Duree Oui
RESULTATS
Tableau 5
Nombres d'animaux en Pouponniere
Ferme :
Total Testes Contr6le
1784 839 945
Tableau 6
Nombre d'animaux en Engraissement
Ferme
Total Testes Contr6le
1066 485 581
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CA 02618380 2008-01-23
RESULTATS ZOOTECHNIOUES
Tableau 7
Gain en pouponniere sur de porcelet
EVPP Contrale-Placebo
Poids d'entree 5,55 kg 5,56 kg
Poids de sortie 29,25 kg 24,21 kg
Nbrs de 'ours 54 54
Gain / 'our 438 345
% de mortalft 4,98% 9,62%
Tableau 8
Gain en engraissement
EVPP Controle-Placebo
Poids d'entr6e 21,67 kg 21,88 kg
Poids de sortie 108,90 kg 107,12 kg
Nbrs de 'ours 92 94
Index 110,04 109,80
% de mortalite 4,59% 11,90%
Gain/jour 948 907
3.0) CONCLUSION ET COMMENTAIRES : Nos resultats confirment nos hypotheses sur
l'importance du
contr6le de I'inflammation chez le porc avec nos melanges antioxydants,
polyphenols et vitamines.
Comme il apparalt que le porc est en inflammation chronique, celle-ci serait
1'element declencheur de
plusieurs problemes de resistance aux maladies. Puisque nos resultats
d6montrent un taux de proteine
inflammatoire plus bas. Nos nouveaux melanges (formulations) di~montrent un
effet aussi nouveau
innatendu.
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CA 02618380 2008-01-23
EXEMPLE II
EFFET DES POLYPHENOLS ISSU DES HUILES DE THE DES BOIS, MENTHE
POIVRE ET DE CANNELLE COMME ADDITIF DE CONTRO^LE DES STRESS CHEZ
LE VEAU DE GRAIN
Abstract : Le stress est un probleme de production extremement grave. Le
stress semble le
principal element responsable de la majorite des pertes de production. Le
stress est une reaction
naturelle de l'organisme. Le stress est un mecanisme inflammatoire qui inhibe
la production
toutes les autres fonctions du corps pour permettre dans un premier temps de
produire du sucre et
ainsi etre en mesure de repondre aux attaques externes. (The mechanisms of
body function 1984).
Les quatre dernieres annees ont favorise des nouvelles approches de production
animale et 1'ajout
de nouvelles alternatives qui permettent de reduire les problemes du stress.
(Bristol University
UK, animal welfare guide 2005). L'alimentation est aussi un moyen de reduire
les stress ou du
moins a aide de les controler. L,'acquisition de connaissance sur les plantes
aux proprietes anti-
inflammatoires nous semble une voie interessante pour favoriser un meilleur
equilibre
metabolique. L'objectif de cet ouvrage etait de demontrer si il est possible
par I'alimentation
d'augmenter la tolerance ou resistance aux differents stress d'elevage chez le
veau.
MATERIELS ET METHODES
INTRANTS : Comme a l'exemple 1
FORMULATIONS : Comme a 1'exemple 1
EVP(B) = supplement anti-inflarnmatoire vegetal bOVIN (porc)
PROTOCOLE EXPERIMENTAL
Comme a 1'exemple 1.
Tableau 1
Concentrations
EVP-COMBI
Veaux lait 2 / jour
Veaux Grairi 1 / our
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CA 02618380 2008-01-23
PARAMETRES : Comme 6 I'exemple 1 sauf biochimie du sang
3.0) RESULTATS
3.1) ECHANTILLONNAGE
Tableau 2
Echantillonnage d'animaux utilise en fonction de la pouponniere
Ferme
Total Testes Contr8le
1357 935 422
Les fermes sur lequel nous avons fait 1'experimentation avaient une rotation
de 2 pour les deux
groupes testes. Chaque test a ete repete 12 fois dans 1'annee.
RESULTATS ZOOTECHNIQUES
Tableau 3
Gain en engraissement : 2 grammes par veaux par jour
EVPB Controle-Placebo
Poids d'entree 130,66 kg 131,18 kg
Poids de sortie 349,7 kg 344,9 kg
Nbrs de 'ours 145 145
Conversion 3,20 3,62
% de mortaiite 5,52% 10,55%
Gain quotidien 1.51 kg 1,47 kg
Tableau 4
Gain en engraissement : 2 grammes par veaux par jour
EVPB Controle-Placebo
Poids d'entree 130,66 kg 131,18 kg
Poids de sortie 349,7 kg 344,9 kg
Nbrs de jours 145 145
Conversion 3,20 3,62
% de mortalite 5,52% 10,55%
Gain quotidien 1.51 kg 1,47 kg
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CA 02618380 2008-01-23
CONCLUSION ET COMMENTAIRES : Les resultats zootechniques demontrent que les
veaux repondent de maniere similaire aux pores aux differents formulations
polyphenols anti-
inflammatoires. La conversion alimentaire semble beaucoup ameliorer. Nous
pensons que cette
amelioration est liee au principe de controle du stress en limitant la
surproduction d'hormone lie
au stress. Ainsi un animal ayant requ le melange polyphenols aurait un systeme
digestif en mode
optimum sur la digestion. Cependant nous devons faire des etudes afin de
demontrer cet aspect.
Nous avons dtudie le lactate et le CPK pour demontrer que les taux de ses
parametres sanguins
sont plus faibles chez les animaux ayant re~u le melange polyphenols.
EXEMPLE III
Effet des polyphenols issu des huiles de the des bois, menthe poivre et
cannelle de chine
comme additif de controle des stress de la vache en relation avec le compte
des cellules
somatiques et la qualite de lait.
Abstract : La production laitiere moderne fait face a des problemes emergents
tels que
l'inflammation chronique des glandes mammaires. L'acquisition de connaissance
sur les plantes
aux proprietes anti-inflammatoires nous semble une voie interessante pour
favoriser une
meilleure sante des glandes. Le phenomene qu'engendre l'inflammation des
glandes mammaire
est une sur production des globules blancs. L'aliment.ation de polyphdnols aux
proprietes anti-
inflammatoire nous semble une voie a la reduction de compte somatique.
L'objectif de cet
ouvrage etait de demontrer si il est possible par l'utilisation de polyphenols
anti-inflammatoire de
controler l'inflammation et de reduire le compte somatique.
LE PROJET: Le projet a deux phases, une phase 1 qui consiste a a substituer
des molecules
actives anti-inflammatoires de la reglisse de chine (isoflavones, liquiritine,
isoliquirie et
formoneitine, ortho acdtyle salicylate de sodium) par d'autres sources en
provenance de I'huile de
the des bois, menthe poivre et cannelle (methyle salicylate, tannin, menthol,
acide phenolique,
aldehyde de cannelle). Et une deuxieme phase qui consiste a experimenter le
melange sur des
vaches en conditions commerciale typique.
HYPOTHESE
La formulation anti-inflammatoire peut-elle fonctionne sur les probleme
chronique de
l'inflammation de la glande mammaire.
MATERIELS ET METHODES
INTRANTS : Comme a 1'exemple 1.
FORMULATIONS: Comme a 1'exemple 1.
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PROTOCOLE
LES DOSAGES:
Tableau 1
Dosages
EVPB
~ VACHE 5 a 60 grammes jour.
Tableau 2
EVPB PROGRAMME DU DOSAGE
Semaine 1 2 3 4 5 6
Quantite journaliere en 60g 40g 30g 20g 20g 5g
grammes
PARAMETRES:
TABLEAU 3
Parametres de mesure
Su lement ol hLsnoli ue : EVPB
COMPTE SOMATIQUE I
PRODUCTION DE LAIT
PROTEINE DU LAIT
GRAS DU LAIT
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RESULTATS
Tableau 4
Evolution de la productivite des vaches recevant 5 grammes par jour de melange
anti-
inflammatoire.
Pourcentage de vache par groupe de production
1 2 3 4 5
Production faible 28,32% 24,98% 30,67% 30,11% 25,65%
(501b et moins)
Production 69,26% 70,84% 66,84 % 66,84% 73,24%
moyenne a forte
(51 a 101 + Ib)
Nombre de 537 549 538 558 538
vache
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CA 02618380 2008-01-23
Tableau 5
Amelioration de la pualite du lait (SCC) produits par des vaches recevant 5
grammes
par iour de melange anti-inflammatoire
Pourcentage de vache par groupe de compta somatique cellulaire
1 2 3 4 5
Compte SCC moins de 200,000 70,10% 69,02% 68,21% 68,63% 75,48%
(Producteur reVoit une prime de
qualite.)
Compte SCC plus de 200,000 27,57% 26,90% 28,82 % 28,32% 23,41%
Nombre de vache 537 549 538 558 538
CONCLUSION
Les resultats demontrent les effets benefiques de nos nouvelles formulations
sur les comptes
cellulaires (SCC) dans le lait chez la vache. L'administration orale de nos
formulations demontre
une reduction significative des SCC dans les echantillons de lait dans le pis,
ce qui reflete donc
une amelioration du statut immunitaire de 1'animal et de la reduction de
1'inflammation de la
glande mammaire et des infections de celle-ci.
While the invention has been described in connection with specific embodiments
thereof,
it will be understood that it is capable of further modifications and this
application is intended to
cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in
general, the principles of
the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as
come within known or
customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains and as may
be applied to the
essential features hereinbefore set forth, and as follows in the scope of the
appended claims.
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