Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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Compositions for controlling plant pests
This is a divisional patent application of Canadian Patent Application
2,334,618 filed
May 29, 1999.
The present invention relates to pesticides which comprise an active compound
combination of the compound of the formula (I)
N
I I
CI/1\S3CH' N N,CH3
II
N (I)
I
NO2
with fungicides.
Fungicidally active compounds, such as azole derivatives, aryl benzyl ethers,
benzamide, morpholine compounds and other heterocycles, are known (cf. K.H.
Buchel "Pflanzenschutz and Schadlingsbekampfung", pages 140 to 153, Georg
Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart 1977, EP published specification 0 040 345, German
Offenlegungsschrift 2 324 010, German Offenlegungsschrift 2 201 063, EP
published
specification 0 112 284, EP published specification 0 304 758 and DD patent
specification 140 412).
Mixtures of certain nitromethylene derivatives with fungicidally active
compounds
and their use as pesticides in crop protection are already known (US-P-4 731
385; JP
published specifications 63-68507, 63/68505; 63/72 608; 63/72 609, 63/72 610,
WO
96/03 045, Japanese patent specification 08 245 323, Japanese patent
specification
04 368 303, Japanese patent specification 05 017 311, WO 92/2124 1,
WO 97/22 254). Mixtures of certain open-chain nitromethylenes and
nitroguanidines
with fungicides are already known (Japanese published specification 30 47 106;
US-P 5 181 587).
Mixtures of cyclopropylcarboxamides with certain nitromethylene or
nitroguanidine
derivatives are already known (Japanese published specification 3 271 207).
I I I
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Mixtures of, inter alia, imidacloprid and fungicidally active
compounds for use in the protection of materials and against termites, but not
for
use against plant-damaging pests, are already known (EP published
specification 0 511 541). Mixtures of imidacloprid and
azolylmethylcycloalkanes,
in particular triticonazole, are known from EP published specification 545
834.
However, hitherto it has not been known that nitroguanidine
derivatives and fungicides with the exception of cyclopropylcarboxamides and
triticonazole have such a mutually beneficial effect in their activity that
they are
outstandingly suitable as compositions for controlling plant pests, whilst
being
tolerated well by plants.
Summary of Invention
The present invention provides a composition comprising the
compound of the formula (I)
H H
~N N,CH
Cl~~ 3
S CH2 1 I
N
NO2 (I)
and the compound of the formula (XXI)
O I CH3
11 CH3- O-CH2- C, N CH- C O2 CH3
H3C CH3
(XXI)
(METALAXYL).
The present invention further provides a method for controlling fungi
and insects, characterized in that the composition as described herein is
allowed
to act on at least one of the fungi, the insects or their habitat.
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The present invention further provides a process for preparing the
composition as described herein, characterized in that the composition as
described
herein is mixed with at least one of an extender or a surfactant.
The present invention further provides a method for protecting at least
one of a seed or the shoots and foliage of a plant grown from the seed from
damage
by an insect or a fungus, said method comprising treating the unsown seed with
the
composition as described herein.
The present invention further provides use of a seed treated by the
method as described herein for controlling fungi and insects.
The present invention relates to compositions against plant pests which
contain the compound of the formula (I)
H H
N N`
CCH3
S CH2 I r
N
I
NO2 (I)
in a mixture with fungicidally active compounds, except for
cyclopropylcarboxamide
derivatives and azolylmethylcycloalkanes.
Examples of fungicides in the compositions according to the invention
for controlling plant pests which may be mentioned are:
(1) azole derivatives of the formula
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R2
I
R'-C-R3
(CHA,
N l (H)
//
~ N
(11-1) R1 = Cl -0- (CH2)2 , R2 = -C(CH3)3, R3 = OH, N = 1,
(TEBUCONAZOLE)
CI
(11-2) RI = Cl , R2, R3 = -OCH2CH(n-C3H7)O-, n = 1,
(PROPICONAZOLE)
CI
(11-3) RI = Cl --a O --c -I n = 1,
R2, R3 = -OCH7CH(CH3)O-,
(DIFENCONAZOLE)
-CH-CH3
R3 = -OH, n = 1,
(H-4) RI = CI R- _
A I
(CYPROCONAZOLE)
F
(11-5) R I = F R2 = R3 = OH, n = 1,
(FLUTRIAFOL)
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CI
(II-6) R3 = Cl , R4 = -(CH2)3CH3, R5 = OH, n = 1,
(HEXACONAZOLE)
(II-7) RI = Cl a R2 = -(CH2)3CH3, R3 = CN, n = 1,
(MYCLOBUTANIL)
CI
(11-8) R1 = Cl , R2 = -(CH2)2CH3, R3 = H, n = 1,
(PENCONAZOLE)
CI
(11-9) R1 = Cl R2, R3 = -OCHCH2CH2- , n = 1,
i
OCH2CF3
(FURCONAZOLE)
CI
(II-10) R1 = Cl R2, R3 = -OCHCH2O , n = 1,
C2H5
(ETACONAZOLE)
CI
(11-11) R1 = CI R2 R3 = -OCH CHCH - , n = 1
, 2 2
Br
(BROMUCONAZOLE)
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CI
1 = CH2 R2 = CI , R3 = OH, n = 1,
(II-12) R
-OCH-
(1I-13)R1= F - ,R2,R3 I CI,n=1,
(II-14) R 1 = 0-1 R2 = -CH2-CH2 CI, n = 1, R3 = CN,
(FENBUCONAZOLE)
CI
(11-15) R1 = Cl , R2 = CH2OCF2CHF2, R3 = H, n = 1,
(TETRACONAZOLE)
(11-16) R1 = Cl --C~ 0, R2 = -CH(OH)-C(CH3)3, n = 0, R3 = H,
(TRIADIMENOL)
(11-17) RI = Cl --C~ 0, R2 = -CO-C(CH3)3, n = 0, R3 = H,
(TRIADIMEFON)
(II-18) R I = ())-_i)>-o- , R2 = -CH(OH)-C(CH3)3, n = 0,
R3 = H,
(BITERTANOL)
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CI
(II-19) RI = CI CH2-'R2 = -CH(OH)-C(CH3)3, n = 0, R3 = H,
(DICLOBUTRAZOLE)
CI
OH
1
(11-20) R 1 and R2 = CI CH= , R3 = -CH-tButyl , n = 0,
(DINICONAZOLE)
(2) azole derivatives of the formula
H3 N
F --a Si-CH2-N
~=N
(i)
F
(FLUSILAZOLE)
(3) the azole derivative of the formula
CI
O N
CI O-(CH2)2 I N (IV)
CI C3H7
(PROCHLORAZ)
(4) of the compound
Sx (V)
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(5) the azole derivative of the formula
CI CI
0
F \
N
N N-N (VI)
L \>
N
(FLUQUINCONAZOLE)
(6) heterocycles of the formula
R8
N N -CH2 - CH-CH2-R (VII)
R9
R8
(VII-1) X = 0, R8 = CH3, R9 = H, RIO = C 10H21
10 (TRIDEMORPH)
(VU-2) X = 0, R8 = CH3, R9 = H, RIO = C9H 19
(ALDIMORPH)
3
(VII-3) X = 0, R=CH3, R9 = CH3, R 10 = c4H3
N C H
CH3
(FENPROPIMORPH)
CH
(VII-4) X = CH2, R8 = H, R9 = CH3, RIO = / CH3
CH3
(FENPROPIDIN)
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(7) the compound of the formula
NN
/ O v O /
CN OCH3 (VIII)
CH3O2C \
(8) the compound of the formula
CH3
O
CH3O Nz N . OCH3 (DC)
0
(9) the compound of the formula
Cl
LO F3C - CH2NH
(X)
CI
(10) the compound of the formula
CI
CI I CH2
N (XI)
OCH3
(PYRIFENOX)
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(11) the compound of the formula
Cl
OH
(XII)
cI
(FENARIMOL)
(12) the compound of the formula
CF3
Cl N = C-CH2-OC3H7
I
N (XIII)
NIIi
(TRIFLUMIZOLE)
(13) compounds of the formula
CI
R"
(XIV)
CI
0
~-O
N
(XN-1) R11 = 4 CH3
0 CH=CH2
(VINCLOZOLIN)
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O CH3
(XN-2) RI l = -N
O CH3
(PROCYMIDONE)
O
(XN-3) R11 = -N
~- N-CO-NH-CH(CH3)2
0
(IPRODIONE)
(14) compounds of the formula
CH3
N
NH --~~ (XV)
N
R, 2
(XV-1) R12 = CH3
(PYRIMETHANIL)
(XV-2) R12 = C C-CH3
(MEPANIPYRIM)
(15) compounds of the formula
(CH3)2N-SO2 - N-S-CCI2F
(XVI)
R13
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(XVI-1) R13 = H
(DICHLOFLUANID)
(XVI-2) R13 = CH3
(TOLYLFLUANID)
(16) the compound of the formula
0
S CN
(XVII)
S CN
O
(DITHIANON)
(17) the compound of the formula
H3C-(CH2)11-NH NH2 - CH3CO2H (XVIII)
NH
(DODINE)
(18) the compound of the formula
Cl
NC CN
(XI()
Cl Cl
Cl
(CHLOROTHALONIL)
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(19) the compound of the formula
CI
-CH-CO-N 0
U
CH3O(XX)
CH3O
(DIMETHOMORPH)
(20) the compound of the formula
0 CH3
If I
CH3-O-CH2-C N CH-C02CH3
H3C CH3 (XXI)
(METALAXYL)
(21) the compound of the formula
H5C2-NH-CO-NH-CO-C=N-OCH3 (XXII)
I
CN
(CYMOXANIL)
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(22) the compound of the formula
CI 02N CI
F3C NH CF3 (XXIII)
-N
02N
(FLUAZINAM)
(23) the compound of the formula
H3C \ N\ S
0 (XXIV)
N S
(24) compounds of the formula
C13C-S-R 14 (XXV)
O
(XXV-1) R14 = -N
O
(CAPTAN)
0
(XXV-2) R14 = -N
0
(FOLPET)
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(25) the compound of the formula
CI Cl
>I- N
N NH XXVI
>=N
Cl
(ANILAZIN)
(26) the compound of the formula
OCH3
I
CH2
CH3 I 0
C=0
I 'R,
N -N O (XXVII)
CH3
(OXADIXYL)
(27) the compound of the formula
HSC2O , O
j p \ Al (XXVII)
0
3
(FOSETYL AL)
(28) the compound of the formula
O-CO-CH=CH-CH3
02N CH-C6H13
U CH3
(XXIX)
NO2
(DINOCAP)
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(29) the compound of the formula
OCH3
CO2CH3
CH
CH2-0-N :- iQ (XXX)
CF3
(30) the compound of the formula
OCH3
N
CONHCH3
O (XXXI)
(31) the compound of the formula
H S
H3C N -4
i
Zn
I
(XXXII)
N--~
H S
(ANTRACOL)
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(32) compounds of the formula
H S
N
S
M
I
N (XXXIII)
H S
(XXXIH-1) M = Zn
(ZINEB)
(XXXIH-2) M = Mn
(MANEB)
(XXXIII-3) M=Mn/Zn
(MANCOZEB)
(33) the compound of the formula
S S
(CH3)2N 4 Y N(CH3)2 (XXXIV)
S-S
(THIRAM)
(34) the compound of the formula
CI CH2 a CI
S N (XXXV)
CI N =1- CH2 - N
\.N
(TYMIBENCONAZOLE)
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(35) the compound of the formula
[(S-CS-NH-CH 2-CH2-NH-CS-S-) Zn(NH3)3)]
(-S-CS-NH-CH2-CH2-NH-CS-S-] (XXXVI)
Y
(METIRAM)
(36) the compound of the formula
O
NH OH (XXXVII)
CH3
3
Cl Cl
(37) the compound of the formula
0 CH(CH3)2
11 1 (XXXVIIn
(CH3)2CH-O-C - NH - CH -- NH - CH CH3
O CH3
(38) compounds of the formula
R 16 R17
Res
OCH2
CH3HNC (XXXIX)
11 NOCH3
O
in which
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R15 and R16 independently of one another each represent hydrogen, halogen,
methyl or phenyl and
R17 represents hydrogen or methyl,
(39) 8-tbutyl-2-(N-ethyl-N-n-propylamino)-methyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane of
the formula
C(CH3)3
0
O O
CA (XL)
CH2 - N
CH2CH2CH3
(40) the compound of the formula
CH3
F a CH2 - C - (CH2OSO2CH3)2
(41) the compound of the formula
0
CI N,
'N
NN
`=-
N
(42) the compound of the formula
NC A
N
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A = CF2 fludioxonil
CI
Nz~ A fenpiclonil
CI
5 A F
= I
CF3
(43) the compound of the formula
CH3
i
tBu H-CH CH2-N
2
(44) benzimidazoles of the formula
R9
1
N
/>- R6
N
R9 = CONHtBu; R6 = -NHCOOMe benomyl
S
R9 = H; R6- _ -C` J thiabendazole
N
R9 =J-I; R6 = -NHCOOMe carbendazim
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(45) the compound of the formula
NH-CS-NHCOOMe
NH-CS-NHCOOMe
(46) the compound of the formula
NH
I
HN 4 [(CH2)8NHCNH2
2
(47) the compound of the formula
CI Cl
CI NO2
CI Cl
(48) the compound of the formula
CI
O
N
F
11
N O NCO-CH3
N`O
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(49) the compound of the formula
CI
CI
HO
N-N
SN
H
(50) the compound of the formula
F O N
\>-CI
O N
H3C S02
NI -I CiH3
(51) the compound of the formula
I
Y 0
O IPBC
(52) the compound of the formula
O
N
S~ \CaH17-n OTT
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(53) the compound of the formula
CI O
1N "I
CI S C8H17-n DCOIT
(54) the compound of the formula
O
N
S C4Hs-n butylbenzisothiazolinone
(55) the compound of the formula
\ /NH
SO
2 0 benzothiophene-2-cyclohexyl-
carboxamide S,S-dioxide
The active compound of the formula (I) is known from EP published
specification
0 375 907.
The fungicidal active compounds are also known.
Thus, for example, the following publications describe:
(1) compounds of the formula (II)
DE published specification 2 201 063
DE published specification 2 324 010
DE published specification 2 737 489
DE published specification 3 018 866
DE published specification 2 551 560
EP 47-594
DE 2 735 872
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(2) the compound of the formula (III)
EP 68 813
US 4 496 551
(3) the compound of the formula (IV)
DE published specification 2 429 523
DE published specification 2 856 974
US 4 108 411
(6) compounds of the formula (VII)
DL 140 041
(7) the compound of the formula (VIII)
EP 382 375
(8) the compound of the formula (IX)
EP 515 901
(9) the compound of the formula (X)
EP 314 422
(10) the compound of the formula (XI)
EP 49 854
(11) the compound of the formula (XII)
DE published specification 1 770 288
US 3 869 456
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(13) compounds of the formula (XIV)
DE2207576
US 3 903 090
US 3 755 350
US 3 823 240
(14) compounds of the formula (XV)
EP 270 111
(19) the compound of the formula (XX)
EP219756
(34) the compound of the formula (XXXV)
US 4 512 989
(38) compounds of the formula (XXXIX)
EP 398 692
(48) compound from
WO 97/27189
(49) compound from
WO 96/16048, this compound can be present in 2 tautomeric forms (A) and
(B)
CI OH
CI
OH 17
[A] 17 [B] CH2 i CI
CH- i CI CH2
CH2
S
Ny
N
SH N ( 25 N H
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Compounds from the groups (15), (16), (17), (18), (23), (34), (25), (28),
(31), (32),
(33) and (38) to (47) are described, for example, in K.H. Michel,
"Pflanzenschutz
and Schadlingsbekampfung", pages 121-153, Georg Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart,
1977.
The compound of group (39) is known from EP published specification 281 842.
The compound of group (50) is known from WO 97/ 06 171.
The compound of group (51) is known from DE-24 33 410.
The compounds of groups (52) to (54) are known from W. Paulus, "Microbicides
for
the Protection of Materials", Chapman & Hall 1993.
The compound of group (55) is known from EP-0 512 349.
In addition to the active compound of the formula (I), the active compound
combinations according to the invention contain at least one fungicidal active
compound, for example selected from the compounds of groups (1) to (55). In
addition, they may also contain other active compounds and customary
auxiliaries
and additives and also diluents.
Preferred fungicidally active compounds in the compositions according to the
invention are:
kresoxim-methyl, tebuconazole, metalaxyl, azoxystrobin, triadimenol,
bitertanol,
fenpicolonil, cyproconazole, propiconazole, fludioxonil and triazoxides.
The mixtures show a clear synergistic effect when the active compounds in the
active
compound combinations according to the invention are present in certain weight
ratios. However, the weight ratios of the active compounds in the active
compound
combinations can be varied within a relatively wide range. In general,
0.1 to 10 parts by weight, preferably
0.3 to 3 parts by weight of at least one fungicidal active compound, for
example from
groups (1) to (55),
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are present per part by weight of active compound of the formula (1).
The active compound combinations according to the invention have very good
fungicidal properties. They can be employed in particular for controlling
phytopathogenic fungi, such as Plasmodiophoromycetes, Oomycetes,
Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes,
etc.
The active compound combinations according to the invention are particularly
suitable for controlling cereal diseases, such as Erysiphe, Cochliobolus,
Septoria,
Pyrenophora and Leptosphaeria, and against fungal attack on vegetables,
grapevines
and fruits, for example against Venturia or Podosphaera on apples, Uncinula on
grapevines or Sphaerotheca on cucumbers.
The active compound combinations are also highly suitable for controlling
animal
pests, preferably arthropods, in particular insects, which are encountered in
agriculture, in forestry, in the protection of stored products and of
materials, and in
the hygiene sector. They are active against normally sensitive and resistant
species
and against all or some stages of development. The abovementioned pests
include:
From the order of the Isopoda, for example, Oniscus asellus, Armadillidium
vulgare
and Porcellio scaber.
From the order of the Diplopoda, for example, Blaniulus guttulatus.
From the order of the Chilopoda, for example, Geophilus carpophagus and
Scutigera
spec.
From the order of the Symphyla, for example, Scutigerella immaculata.
From the order of the Thysanura, for example, Lepisma saccharina.
From the order of the Collembola, for example, Onychiurus armatus.
From the order of the Orthoptera, for example, Blatta orientalis, Periplaneta
americana, Leucophaea maderae, Blattella germanica, Acheta domesticus,
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Gryllotalpa spp., Locusta migratoria migratorioides, Melanoplus differentialis
and
Schistocerca gregaria.
From the order of the Dermaptera, for example, Forficula auricularia.
From the order of the Isoptera, for example, Reticulitermes spp.
From the order of the Anoplura, for example, Pediculus humanus corporis,
Haematopinus spp. and Linognathus spp.
From the order of the Mallophaga, for example, Trichodectes spp. and Damalinea
spp.
From the order of the Thysanoptera, for example, Hercinothrips femoralis and
Thrips
tabaci.
From the order of the Heteroptera, for example, Eurygaster spp., Dysdercus
intermedius, Piesma quadrata, Cimex lectularius, Rhodnius prolixus and
Triatoma
spp.
From the order of the Homoptera, for example, Aleurodes brassicae, Bemisia
tabaci,
Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Aphis gossypii, Brevicoryne brassicae, Cryptomyzus
ribis, Doralis fabae, Doralis pomi, Eriosoma lanigerum, Hyalopterus arundinis,
Macrosiphum avenae, Myzus spp., Phorodon humuli, Rhopalosiphum padi,
Phylloxera vastatrix, Pemphigus spp., Empoasca spp., Euscelis bilobatus,
Nephotettix cincticeps, Lecanium corni, Saissetia oleae, Laodelphax
striatellus,
Nilaparvata lugens, Aonidiella aurantii, Aspidiotus hederae, Pseudococcus spp.
and
Psylla spp.
From the order of the Lepidoptera, for example, Pectinophora gossypiella,
Bupalus
piniarius, Cheimatobia brumata, Lithocolletis blancardella, Hyponomeuta
padella,
Plutella maculipennis, Malacosoma neustria, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Lymantria
spp.,
Bucculatrix thurberiella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Agrotis spp., Euxoa spp.,
Feltia spp.,
Earias insulana, Heliothis spp., Spodoptera exigua, Mamestra brassicae,
Panolis
flammea, Prodenia litura, Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera spp., Trichoplusia ni,
Carpocapsa pomonella, Pieris spp., Chilo spp., Pyrausta nubilalis, Ephestia
kuehniella, Galleria mellonella, Tineola bisselliella, Tinea pellionella,
Hofmannophila pseudospretella, Cacoecia podana, Capua reticulana,
Choristoneura
fumiferana, Clysia ambiguella, Homona magnanima and Tortrix viridana.
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From the order of the Coleoptera, for example, Anobium punctatum, Rhizopertha
dominica, Bruchidius obtectus, Acanthoscelides obtectus, Hylotrupes bajulus,
Agelastica alni, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Phaedon cochleariae, Diabrotica
spp.,
Psylliodes chrysocephala, Epilachna varivestis, Atomaria spp., Oryzaephilus
surinamensis, Anthonomus spp., Sitophilus spp., Otiorrhynchus sulcatus,
Cosmopolites sordidus, Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis, Hypera postica, Dermestes
spp.,
Trogoderma spp., Anthrenus spp., Attagenus spp., Lyctus spp., Meligethes
aeneus,
Ptinus spp., Niptus hololeucus, Gibbium psylloides, Tribolium spp., Tenebrio
molitor, Agriotes spp., Conoderus spp., Melolontha melolontha, Amphimallon
solstitialis and Costelytra zealandica.
From the order of the Hymenoptera, for example, Diprion spp., Hoplocampa spp.,
Lasius spp., Monomorium pharaonis and Vespa spp.
From the order of the Diptera, for example, Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Culex
spp.,
Drosophila melanogaster, Musca spp., Fannia spp., Calliphora erythrocephala,
Lucilia spp., Chrysomyia spp., Cuterebra spp., Gastrophilus spp., Hyppobosca
spp.,
Stomoxys spp., Oestrus spp., Hypoderma spp., Tabanus spp., Tannia spp., Bibio
hortulanus, Oscinella frit, Phorbia spp., Pegomyia hyoscyami, Ceratitis
capitata,
Dacus oleae and Tipula paludosa.
The fact that the active compound combinations are well tolerated by plants at
the
concentrations required for controlling plant diseases permits the treatment
of above-
ground parts of plants, of propagation stock and seeds, and of the soil.
The active compound combinations according to the invention can be converted
into
the customary formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions,
powders,
foams, pastes, granules, aerosols, microencapsulations in polymeric compounds
and
in coating compositions for seeds, and ULV formulations.
These formulations are produced in a known manner, for example by mixing the
active compounds with extenders, that is liquid solvents, liquefied gases
under
pressure, and/or solid carriers, optionally with the use of surfactants, that
is
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emulsifiers and/or dispersants, and/or foam formers. If the extender used is
water, it
is also possible to use, for example, organic solvents as auxiliary solvents.
Essentially, suitable liquid solvents include aromatics, such as xylene,
toluene or
alkyl naphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics or chlorinated aliphatic
hydrocarbons, such
as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic
hydrocarbons,
such as cyclohexane, or paraffins, for example petroleum fractions, alcohols,
such as
butanol or glycol and also their ethers and esters, ketones, such as acetone,
methyl
ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar
solvents, such
as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulphoxide, and also water. Liquefied
gaseous
extenders or carriers refer to those liquids which are gaseous at normal
temperature
and under atmospheric pressure, for example aerosol propellants, such as
halogenated
hydrocarbons, and also butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon monoxide. Suitable
solid carriers are: for example ground natural minerals, such as kaolins,
clays, talc,
chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and ground
synthetic minerals, such as finely divided silica, alumina and silicates.
Suitable solid
carriers for granules are: for example crushed and fractionated natural rocks,
such as
calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite and dolomite, or else synthetic granules of
inorganic and organic meals, and granules of organic materials such as
sawdust,
coconut shells, maize cobs and tobacco stalks. Suitable emulsifiers and/or
foam
formers are: for example nonionic and anionic emulsifiers, such as
polyoxyethylene
fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylaryl
polyglycol ethers, alkylsulphonates, alkyl sulphates, arylsulphonates, or else
protein
hydrolysates. Suitable dispersants are: for example lignin-sulphite waste
liquors and
methylcellulose.
Tackifiers, such as carboxymethylcellulose and natural and synthetic polymers,
in the
form of powders, granules or latices, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol
and
polyvinyl acetate, or else natural phospholipids, such as cephalins and
lecithins and
synthetic phospholipids, can be used in the formulations. Other possible
additives are
mineral and vegetable oils.
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It is possible to use colorants such as inorganic pigments, for example iron
oxide,
titanium oxide and Prussian blue, and organic dyestuffs, such as alizarin
dyestuffs,
azo dyestuffs and metal phthalocyanine dyestuffs, and trace nutrients, such as
salts of
iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
The formulations generally comprise between 0.1 and 95 per cent by weight of
active
compound, preferably between 0.5 and 90%.
In the formulations, the active compound combinations according to the
invention
can be present as a mixture with other known active compounds, such as
fungicides,
insecticides, acaricides and herbicides, and as mixtures with fertilizers or
plant
growth regulators.
The active compound combinations can be employed as such, in the form of their
formulations or of the use forms prepared therefrom, such as ready-to-use
solutions,
emulsifiable concentrates, emulsions, suspensions, wettable powders, soluble
powders and granules.
The application is carried out in a customary manner, for example by watering,
spraying, atomizing, scattering, spreading, dry dressing, wet dressing, liquid
dressing,
slurry treatment of seeds or incrustation.
In the treatment of parts of plants, the active compound concentrations in the
use
forms can be varied within a relatively wide range. In general, they are
between I and
0.0001% by weight, preferably between 0.5 and 0.001%.
In the treatment of seed, the amounts of active compound which are generally
required are from 0.001 to 50 g per kilogram of seed, preferably from 0.01 to
10 g.
In the treatment of the soil, active compound concentrations of from 0.00001
to 0.1%
by weight, preferably from 0.0001 to 0.02% by weight, are required at the site
of
action.
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Furthermore, it has been found that the active compound combinations according
to
the invention have a potent insecticidal action against insects which destroy
industrial
materials.
The following insects may be mentioned by way of example and as being
preferred,
but without any limitation:
Beetles, such as
Hylotrupes bajulus, Chlorophorus pilosis, Anobium punctatum, Xestobium
rufovillosum, Ptilinus pecticornis, Dendrobium pertinex, Ernobius mollis,
Priobium
carpini, Lyctus brunneus, Lyctus africanus, Lyctus planicollis, Lyctus
linearis, Lyctus
pubescens, Trogoxylon aequale, Minthes rugicollis, Xyleborus spec.,
Tryptodendron
spec., Apate monachus, Bostrychus capucins, Heterobostrychus brunneus,
Sinoxylon
spec., Dinoderus minutus.
Dermapterans, such as
Sirex juvencus, Urocerus gigas, Urocerus gigas taignus, Urocerus augur.
Termites, such as
Kalotermes flavicollis, Cryptotermes brevis, Heteroterrnes indicola,
Reticulitermes
flavipes, Reticulitermes santonensis, Reticulitermes lucifugus, Mastotermes
darwiniensis, Zootermopsis nevadensis, Coptotermes formosanus.
Bristletails, such as Lepisma saccharina.
Industrial materials are to be understood as meaning, in the present context,
non-live
materials such as, preferably, plastics, glues, sizes, paper and board,
leather, wood
and timber products, and coatings.
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The materials to be protected against attack by insects are very particularly
wood and
timber products.
Wood and timber products which can be protected by the composition according
to
the invention or mixtures comprising such a composition are to be understood
as
meaning, for example, construction timber, wooden beams, railway sleepers,
bridge
components, jetties, wooden vehicles, boxes, pallets, containers, telephone
poles,
wood panelling, windows and doors made of wood, plywood, particle board,
joiner's
articles, or wood products which, quite generally, are used in the
construction of
houses or in joinery.
The active compound combinations can be used as such, in the form of
concentrates
or generally customary formulations, such as powders, granules, solutions,
suspensions, emulsions or pastes.
The formulations mentioned can be prepared in a manner known per se, for
example
by mixing the active compounds with at least one solvent or diluent,
emulsifier,
dispersant and/or binder or fixative, water repellent, if appropriate
desiccants and UV
stabilizers and, if appropriate, dyes and pigments and other processing
auxiliaries.
The insecticidal compositions or concentrates used for the protection of wood
and
wooden materials comprise the active compound according to the invention at a
concentration of 0.0001 to 95% by weight, in particular 0.001 to 60% by
weight.
The amount of the compositions or concentrates employed depends on the species
and the occurrence of the insects and on the medium. The optimum rate of
application can be determined upon use in each case by test series. However,
in
general, it suffices to employ 0.0001 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.001 to
10% by
weight, of the active compound, based on the material to be protected.
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The solvent and/or diluent used is an organochemical solvent or solvent
mixture
and/or an oily or oil-type organochemical solvent or solvent mixture of low
volatility
and/or a polar organochemical solvent or solvent mixture and/or water and, if
appropriate, an emulsifier and/or wetting anent.
Organochemical solvents which are preferably employed are oily or oil-type
solvents
having an evaporation number of above 35 and a flash point of above 30 C,
preferably above 45 C. Substances which are used as such oily and oil-type
solvents
which have low volatility and are insoluble in water are suitable mineral oils
or their
aromatic fractions, or mineral-oil-containing solvent mixtures, preferably
white
spirit, petroleum and/or alkylbenzene.
Substances which are advantageously used are mineral oils with a boiling range
of
170 to 220 C, white spirit with a boiling range of 170 to 220 C, spindle oil
with a
boiling range of 250 to 350 C, petroleum or aromatics of the boiling range 160
to
280 C, essence of turpentine and the like.
In a preferred embodiment, liquid aliphatic hydrocarbons with a boiling range
of 180
to 210 C or high-boiling mixtures of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons with
a
boiling range of 180 to 220 C and/or spindle oil and/or monochloronaphthalene,
preferably a-monochloronaphthalene, are used.
The organic oily or oil-type solvents of low volatility having an evaporation
number
of above 35 and a flash point of above 30 C, preferably above 45 C, can be
partially
replaced by organochemical solvents of high or medium volatility, with the
proviso
that the solvent mixture also has an evaporation number of above 35 and a
flash point
of above 30 C, preferably above 45 C, and that the insecticide/fungicide
mixture is
soluble or emulsifiable in this solvent mixture.
In a preferred embodiment, part of the organochemical solvent or solvent
mixture is
replaced by an aliphatic polar organochemical solvent or solvent mixture.
Substances
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which are preferably used are aliphatic organochemical solvents having
hydroxyl
and/or ester and/or ether groups, such as, for example, glycol ethers, esters
or the
like.
The organochemical binders used within the scope of the present invention are
the
synthetic resins and/or binding drying oils which are known per se and can be
diluted
with water and/or are soluble or dispersible or emulsifiable in the
organochemical
solvents employed, in particular binders composed of, or comprising, an
acrylate
resin, a vinyl resin, for example polyvinyl acetate, polyester resin,
polycondensation
or polyaddition resin, polyurethane resin, alkyd resin or modified alkyd
resin,
phenolic resin, hydrocarbon resin, such as indene-coumarone resin, silicone
resin,
drying vegetable oils and/or drying oils and/or physically drying binders
based on a
natural and/or synthetic resin.
The synthetic resin used as the binder can be employed in the form of an
emulsion,
dispersion or solution. Up to 10% by weight of bitumen or bituminous
substances
can also be used as binders. In addition, dyes, pigments, water repellents,
odour-
masking substances and inhibitors or anticorrosives known per se and the like
can
also be employed.
The composition or the concentrate preferably comprises, in accordance with
the
invention, at least one alkyd resin or modified alkyd resin and/or a drying
vegetable
oil as the organochemical binders. Preferably used according to the invention
are
alkyd resins with an oil content of over 45% by weight, preferably 50 to 68%
by
weight.
All or some of the abovementioned binder can be replaced by a fixative
(mixture) or
a plasticizer (mixture). These additives are intended to prevent
volatilization of the
active compounds and crystallization or precipitation. They preferably replace
0.01 to
30% of the binder (based on 100% of binder employed).
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The plasticizers are from the chemical classes of the phthalic esters, such as
dibutyl
phthalate, dioctyl phthalate or benzyl butyl phthalate, the phosphoric esters,
such as
tributyl phosphate, the adipic esters, such as di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, the
stearates,
such as butyl stearate or amyl stearate, the oleates, such as butyl oleate,
the glycerol
5 ethers or relatively high-molecular-weight glycol ethers, glycerol esters
and p-
toluene-sulphonic esters.
Fixatives are chemically based on polyvinyl alkyl ethers, such as, for
example,
polyvinyl methyl ether, or ketones, such as benzophenone or
ethylenebenzophenone.
Also particularly suitable as a solvent or diluent is water, if appropriate as
a mixture
with one or more of the abovementioned organochemical solvents or diluents,
emulsifiers and dispersants.
Particularly effective protection of wood is achieved by large-scale
industrial
impregnation processes, for example vacuum, double-vacuum or pressure
processes.
If appropriate, the ready-to-use compositions can additionally comprise other
insecticides.
Suitable additional components which may' be admixed are, preferably, the
insecticides mentioned in WO 94/29 268.
Very particularly preferred components which may be admixed are insecticides,
such as
chlorpyriphos, phoxim, silafluofen, alphamethrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin,
deltamethrin, permethrin, imidacloprid, NI-25, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron and
triflumuron.
The good pesticidal activity of the active compound combinations according to
the
invention is demonstrated by the examples below. Whereas the individual active
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compounds or the known active compound combinations have weaknesses in the
pesticidal activity, the tables of the examples below show unambiguously that
the
activity which was found of the active compound combinations according to the
invention is greater than the sum of the activities of the individual active
compounds
and also greater than the activities of the known active compound
combinations.
In the examples below, the active compound of the formula (I)
H H
//N
CI S CH2 N N,CH3
II
(I)
1
NO2
is used.
The fungicidally active compounds which are also used are given in the
examples.
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Example A
Phaedon larvae test
Solvent: 7 parts by weight of dimethylformamide
Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of an
active
compound or an active compound combination is mixed with the stated amounts of
solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the
desired
concentration.
Cabbage leaves (Brassica oleracea) are treated by being dipped into the
preparation
of active compound of the desired concentration and are populated with larvae
of the
mustard beetle (Phaedon cochleariae) while the leaves are still moist.
After the desired period of time, the kill in % is determined. 100% means that
all
beetle larvae have been killed; 0% means that none of the beetle larvae have
been
killed.
In this test, for example, the following active compound combinations
according to
the present invention show a synergistically increased activity compared to
the
individually applied active compounds:
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Table A
(plant-damaging insects)
Phaedon larvae test
Active compound/active com- Active compound/active com- Kill in %
pound mixture pound mixture concentration in %
\
CI S
HN -CH3
N li 0.00016 20
EN02
0.000032 0
according to formula (I)
o
H3 H3CO
I 0.1 0
OC
N
0
kresoxim-methyl
formula (I) + kresoxim-methyl 0.00016+0.1 75
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Example B
Plutella test
Solvent: 7 parts by weight of dimethylformamide
Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of an
active
compound or an active compound combination is mixed with the stated amounts of
solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the
desired
concentration.
Cabbage leaves (Brassica oleracea) are treated by being dipped into the
preparation
of active compound of the desired concentration and are populated with
caterpillars
of the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) while the leaves are still
moist.
After the desired period of time, the kill in % is determined. 100% means that
all
caterpillars have been killed; 0% means that none of the caterpillars have
been killed.
In this test, for example, the following active compound combinations
according to
the present invention show a synergistically increased activity compared to
the
individually applied active compounds:
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Table B
(plant-damaging insects)
Plutella test
Active compound/active com- Active compound/active com- Kill in %
pound mixture pound mixture concentration in %
CI S H
H N .LCH3 0.0008 0
N
NI NO2
according to formula (I)
CI
0.02 0
OH C(CH3)3
~N,
iNN
- J1
tebuconazole
CH3 0 CH3
N O'CH 0.1 0
H3C O CH3
metalaxyl
formula (I) + tebuconazole 0.0008 + 0.02 100
formula (H) + metalaxyl 0.0008+0.1 100
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Example C
Heliothis virescens test
Solvent: 7 parts by weight of dimethylformamide
Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of an
active
compound or an active compound combination is mixed with the stated amounts of
solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the
desired
concentration.
Soya bean shoots (Glycine max) are treated by being dipped into the active
compound preparation of the desired concentration and are populated with
Heliothis
virescens caterpillars while the leaves are still moist.
After the desired period of time, the kill in % is determined. 100% means that
all
caterpillars have been killed; 0% means that none of the caterpillars have
been killed.
In this test, for example, the following active compound combinations
according to
the present invention show a synergistically enhanced activity in comparison
to the
individually applied active compounds:
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Table C
(plant-damaging insects)
Heliothis virescens test
Active compound/active com- Active compound/active Kill in %
pound mixture compound mixture
concentration in %
CI S
HN.NLCH3 0.00016 50
NO2
according to formula (I)
N N
O"k/O
CN H3CO OCH3 0.0008 0
O
azoxystrobin
formula (I) + azoxystrobin 0.00016 + 0.0008 100
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Example D
Nephotettix test
Solvent: 7 parts by weight of dimethylformamide
Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of an
active
compound or an active compound combination is mixed with the stated amounts of
solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the
desired
concentration.
Rice seedlings (Oryza sativa) are treated by being dipped into the active
compound
preparation of the desired concentration and are populated with the green rice
leaf
hopper (Nephotettix cincticeps) while the leaves are still moist.
After the desired period of time, the kill in % is determined. 100% means that
all the
leaf hoppers have been killed; 0% means that none of the leaf hoppers have
been
killed.
In this test, for example, the following active compound combinations
according to
the present invention show a synergistically enhanced activity in comparison
to the
individually applied active compounds:
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Table D
(plant-damaging insects)
Nephotettix test
Active compound/active com- Active compound/active Kill in %
pound mixture compound mixture
concentration in %
CI S
HN\ N-CH3 0.00000128 0
I.
NO2
according to formula (I)
CH3 O CH3
O N OUCH
3
O 0.1 0
H 3 C / CH3
metalaxyl
formula (I) + metalaxyl 0.00000128 + 0.1 85
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Example E
Critical concentration test/soil insects
Test insect: Spodoptera frugiperda
Solvent: 4 parts by weight of acetone
Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of the
active
compound or the active compound mixture is mixed with the stated amounts of
solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the
desired
concentration.
The active compound preparation is mixed intimately with soil. Here, the
concentration of the active compound in the preparation is almost irrelevant;
only the
amount by weight of active compound or active compound mixture per volume unit
of soil, which is stated in ppm (mg/l), matters.
Soil is filled into 0.5 1 pots and these are allowed to stand at 20 C.
Immediately after
preparation, 3 pre-germinated maize corns are placed into each pot. After the
maize
corns have emerged, boring sleeves are placed onto the pots. 9 days after
preparation,
the maize is populated with the test insects. After a further 5 days, the kill
in % is
determined. 100% means that all test insects have been killed; 0% means that
the
number of insects which are still alive is the same as for the untreated
control.
In this test, for example, the following active compound combinations
according to
the present invention show a synergistically enhanced activity compared to the
individually applied active compounds:
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Table E 1/4
Spodoptera frugiperda test
Active compoundJactive com- Active compound/active compound Kill in %
pound mixture mixture concentration in m
CI S 1.25 100
HN N-CH3 0.60 98
III 0.30 50
NO2
according to formula (I)
CI
OH
C(CH3)3 20.00 0
(NN
N
tebuconazole
(H3C)3C
HO O /
I 20.00 0
NN
~N CI
N
triadimenol
(H3C)3C
HO O
N~ 20.00 0
N
bitertanol
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Table E 2/4 (continued)
Spodoptera frugiperda test
Active compound/active com- Active compound/active compound Kill in %
pound mixture mixture concentration in m
Cl
CI
CN 20.00 0
N
fenpiclonil
o i o l i 20.00 0
N
CN H3CO OCH3
O
azoxystrobin
CH3 ~O CH3
O N )_~/, OUCH
3
O 20.00 0
H 3 C / I CH
metalaxyl
CH3 0
OH
20.00
~ CI
N
cyproconazole
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Table E 3/4 (continued)
Spodoptera frugiperda test
Active compound/active com- Active compound/active com- Kill in %
pound mixture pound mixture concentration
in m
CI CI
0 20.00 0
O
(N".
N
propiconazole
formula (I) + tebuconazole 1.25+20.00 100
0.60+20.00 80
0.30+20.00 80
formula (I) + triadimenol 1.25+20.00 100
0.60+20.00 80
0.30+20.00 50
formula (I) + bitertanol 1.25+20.00 100
0.60+20.00 80
0.30+20.00 80
formula (I) + fenpiclonil 1.25+20.00 100
0.60+20.00 90
0.30+20.00 80
formula (I) + azoxystrobin 1.25+20.00 100
0.60+20.00 80
0.30+20.00 0
formula (I) + metalaxyl 1.25+20.00 100
0.60+20.00 95
0.30+20.00 0
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Table E 4/4 (continued)
Spodoptera frugiperda test
Active compound/active com- Active compound/active com- Kill in %
pound mixture pound mixture concentration in
m
formula (I) + cyproconazol 1.25+20.00 100
0.60+20.00 50
0.30+20.00 0
formula (I) + propiconazole 1.25+20.00 100
0.60+20.00 90
0.30+20.00 70
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Example F
Critical concentration test/root-systemic action
Test insect: Phaedon cochleariae larvae
Solvent: 4 parts by weight of acetone
Emulsifier: I part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of the
active
compound or the active compound mixture is mixed with the stated amounts of
solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the
desired
concentration.
The active compound preparation is mixed intimately with soil. Here, the
concentration of the active compound in the preparation is almost irrelevant;
only the
amount by weight of active compound or active compound mixture per volume unit
of soil, which is stated in ppm (mg/1), matters.
Soil is filled into 250 ml pots and these are planted with cabbage (Brassica
oleracea).
The active compound or the active compound combination can thus be taken up by
the plant roots from the soil and transported into the leaves.
After 7 days, the leaves are populated with the abovementioned test animals.
After a
further 3 days, the kill in % is determined. 100% means that all test insects
have been
killed; 0% means that the number of insects which are still alive is the same
as in the
untreated control.
In this test, for example, the following active compound combinations
according to
the present invention show a synergistically enhanced activity compared to the
individually applied active compounds:
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Table F 1/3
Phaedon cochleariae test
Active compound/active com- Active compound/active compound Kill in %
pound mixture mixture concentration in m
CI S 1.25 100
HN )LCH3 0.60 80
0.30 50
N
NO2
according to formula (I)
CI
OH 20.00 0
C(CH3)3
NN
N
tebuconazole
(H3C)3C
HO O /.
I 20.00 0
N*
U CI
triadimenol
(H3C)3C
HO_~y O
20.00 0
N
N -IJ
bitertanol
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Table F 2/3 (continued)
Phaedon cochleariae test
Active compound/active com- Active compound/active compound Kill in %
pound mixture mixture concentration in m
CI
CI
CN 20.00 0
N
fenpiclonil
N I
O /o 20.00 0
CN H3CO OCH3
O
azoxystrobin
H ~AN 0 CH3
0 `CH
3
0 20.00 0
H3C CH3
metalaxyl
CI CI
C
0 20.00 0
( N~,
N
propiconazole
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Table F 3/3 (continued)
Phaedon cochleariae test
Active compound/active com- Active compound/active compound Kill in %
pound mixture mixture concentration in ppm
formula (I) + tebuconazole 1.25+20.00 100
0.60+20.00 80
0.30+20.00 80
formula (I) + triadimenol 1.25 + 20.00 100
0.60+20.00 100
0.30+20.00 100
formula (I) + bitertanol 1.25+20.00 100
0.60+20.00 100
0.30+20.00 70
formula (I) + fenpiclonil 1.25+20.00 100
0.60+20.00 100
0.30+20.00 70
formula (I) + azoxystrobin 1.25+20.00 100
0.60+20.00 90
0.30+20.00 50
formula (I) + metalaxyl 1.25+20.00 100
0.60+20.00 100
0.30+20.00 50
formula (I) + propiconazole 1.25+20.00 100
0.60+20.00 100
0.30+20.00 90
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Example G
Formula for the calculation of the efficacy of a combination of two active
compounds
The expected activity for a given combination of two active compounds can be
calculated as follows (cf. Colby, S.R., "Calculating Synergistic and
Antagonistic
Responses of Herbicide Combinations", Weeds 15, pages 20-22, 1967):
if
X is the efficacy, expressed in % of the untreated control, when applying the
active compound A at an application rate of m g/ha,
Y is the efficacy, expressed in % of the untreated control, when applying the
active compound B at an application rate of n g/ha,
E is the efficacy, expressed in % of the untreated control, when applying the
active compounds A and B at application rates of m and n g/ha,
then E=X+Y- XxY
100
If the actual fungicidal activity exceeds the calculated value, then the
activity of the
combination is superadditive, i.e. a synergistic effect exists. In this case,
the efficacy
which was actually observed must be greater than the value for the expected
efficacy
(E) calculated from the formula set out above.
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Phytophthora test (tomato) / protective
Solvent: 47 parts by weight of acetone
Emulsifier: 3 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of the
active
compound or the active compound mixture is mixed with the stated amounts of
solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the
desired
concentration, or a commercial formulation of active compound or active
compound
combination is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
To test for protective activity, young plants are sprayed with the commercial
active
compound preparation at the stated application rate. After the spray coating
has dried
on, the plants are inoculated with an aqueous spore suspension of Phytophthora
infestans. The plants are then placed in an incubation cabin at approximately
20 C
and 100% relative atmospheric humidity.
Evaluation is carried out 3 days after the inoculation. 0% means an efficacy
which
corresponds to that of the control, whereas an efficacy of 100% means that no
infection is observed.
The table below shows unambiguously that the activity which was found of the
active
compound combinations according to the invention is greater than the
calculated
efficacy (see above), i.e., a synergistic effect is present.
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Table G/1
Phytophthora test (tomato) / protective
Active compound/active com- Active compound/active Efficacy in %
pound mixture compound mixture in-1/ha calculated/found
~CI
H S \ N 500 51
N ~
OzN/N
~NH
H3C
according to formula (I)
CI CI
500 5
O
N
U
ro iconazole
formula (I) + propiconazole 500 + 500 53/69
Table G/2
Phytophthora test (tomato) / protective
Active compound/active com- Active compound/active Efficacy in %
pound mixture compound mixture in /ha calculated/found
CI
S 500 55
N
OzNON(
~NH
H3C
-according to formula (I)
(H3C)3C
HO O
a
500 0
N CI
N-
triadimenol --
formula (I) + triadimenol 500 + 500 55/63
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Table G/3
Phytophthora test (tomato) / protective
Active compound/active Active compound/active Efficacy in %
compound mixture compound mixture in g/ha calculated/found
Cl 50 19
S-~Xx
N
ZN
O2N
~NH
H3C
according to formula (I)
CH3 O CH3 50 42
N-'L' O 'CH3
H3C / OCH3
metalaxyl
formula (I) + metalaxyl 50 + 50 53/68
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Example H
Sphaerotheca test (cucumber) / protective
Solvent: 47 parts by weight of acetone
Emulsifier: 3 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of the
active
compound or the active compound mixture is mixed with the stated amounts of
solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the
desired
concentration, or a commercial formulation of active compound or active
compound
combination is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
To test for protective activity, young plants are sprayed with the commercial
active
compound preparation at the stated application rate. After the spray coating
has dried
on, the plants are inoculated with an aqueous spore suspension of Sphaerotheca
fuliginea. The plants are then placed in an incubation cabin at approximately
20 C
and 100% relative atmospheric humidity.
Evaluation is carried out 10 days after the inoculation. 0% means an efficacy
which
corresponds to that of the control, whereas an efficacy of 100% means that no
infection is observed.
The table below shows unambiguously that the activity which was found of the
active
compound combinations according to the invention is greater than the
calculated
efficacy (see above), i.e., a synergistic effect is present.
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Table H/1
Sphaerotheca test (cucumber) / protective
Active compound/active com- Active compound/active Efficacy in %
pound mixture compound mixture in g/ha calculated/found
Cl
H 10 0
O2N
~NH
H3C
according to formula (I)
CH3
70
OH
~N CI
No/
cyproconazole
formula (I) + cyproconazole 10 + 10 70 / 80
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Table H/2
Sphaerotheca test (cucumber) / protective
Active compound/active com- Active compound/active Efficacy in %
pound mixture compound mixture in /ha calculated/found
Cl 500 0
S4
H~ N
O2N
~NH
H3C
according to formula (I)
Cl 500 50
CN
N
fenpiclonil
formula (I) + fenpiclonil 500+ 500 50/83
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Example I
Botrytis test (bean) /protective
Solvent: 47 parts by weight of acetone
Emulsifier: 3 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of the
active
compound or the active compound mixture is mixed with the stated amounts of
solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the
desired
concentration, or a commercial formulation of active compound or active
compound
combination is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
To test for protective activity, young plants are sprayed with the active
compound
preparation at the stated application rate. After the spray coating has dried
on, 2 small
pieces of agar colonized by Botrytis cinerea are placed onto each leaf. The
inoculated plants are placed in a dark chamber at approximately 20 C and 100%
relative atmospheric humidity.
2 days after the inoculation, the size of the disease spots on the leaves is
evaluated.
0% means an efficacy which corresponds to that of the control, whereas an
efficacy
of 100% means that no infection is observed.
The table below shows unambiguously that the activity which was found of the
active
compound combinations according to the invention is greater than the
calculated
efficacy (see above), i.e., a synergistic effect is present.
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Table U1
Botrytris test (bean) / protective
Active compound/active Active compound/active Efficacy in %
.compound mixture compound mixture in Q/ha calculated/found
Cl
~10
0
O2N
~NH
H3C
-according to formula (I)
O`CF2
I
0 10 40
CN
N
H
fludioxonil
formula (I) + fludioxonil 10 + 10 40 / 83
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Table U2
Botrytris test (bean) / protective
Active compound/active Active compound/active Efficacy in %
compound mixture compound mixture in a/ha calculated/found
~
S \` 100 4
~\N
ON N( Cl
~
z
~NH
H3C
-according to formula (I)
100 80
N OH
C
N (C'H3)3
N/'
tebuconazole
formula (I) + tebuconazole 100 + 100 81 / 94
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Example J
Fusarium culmorum test (wheat) / seed treatment
The active compounds are applied as a dry dressing. They are prepared by
extending
the active compound in question with ground minerals to give a finely
pulverulent
mixture which ensures even distribution on the surface of the seeds.
For the dressing, the infected seeds are shaken with the dressing in a closed
glass.
bottle for 3 minutes.
2 x 100 seeds of the wheat are sown at a depth of 1 cm into standard soil, and
the
wheat is cultivated in a greenhouse at a temperature of approximately 18 C and
at a
relative atmospheric humidity of approximately 95% in seed containers
receiving
hours of light per day.
The evaluation of the plants for symptoms is carried out approximately 3 weeks
after
sowding. 0% means an efficacy which corresponds to that of the control,
whereas an
efficacy of 100% means that no infection is observed.
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Table
Fusarium culmorum test (wheat) / seed treatment
Active compound/active Active compound/active Efficacy in %
compound mixture compound mixture in g/ha
CI
S-~\ 75 0
j
O2N~N~ H ~NH
H3C
according to formula (I)
O,CF2
0
CN
75 0
N
H
fludioxonil
(H3C)3C
HO O
~NII 75 13.5
\\ J-u
triadimenol
formula (I) + fludioxonil 37.5+37.5 38.5
formula (I) + triadimenol 37.5+37.5 30.5
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Example K
Puccinia test (wheat) / protective
Solvent: 25 parts by weight of N,N-dimethylacetamide
Emulsifier: 0.6 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of
active
compound or active compound combination is mixed with the stated amounts of
solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the
desired
concentration, or a commercial formulation of active compound or active
compound
combination is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
To test for protective activity, young plants are sprayed with the active
compound
preparation at the stated application rate. After the spray coating has dried
on, the
plants are sprayed with a conidia suspension of Puccinia recondita. The plants
remain in an incubation cabin at 20 C and 100% relative atmospheric humidity
for
48 hours.
The plants are then placed in a greenhouse at a temperature of approximately
20 C
and a relative atmospheric humidity of 80% to promote the development of rust
pustules.
Evaluation is carried out 10 days after the inoculation. 0% means an efficacy
which
corresponds to that of the control, whereas an efficacy of 100% means that no
infection is observed.
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Table K
Puccinia (wheat)/ protective
Active compound/active com- Active compound/active com- Efficacy in %
pound mixture pound mixture in g/ha
CI
N N
02N 18.75 0
~NH
H3C
according to formula (I)
(I-I C)3C
HO O
N~ 18.75 13 N CI N /
/
triadimenol
formula (I) + triadimenol 9.375 + 9.375 63
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Example L
Pyrenophora teres test (barley) / protective
Solvent: 25 parts by weight of N,N-dimethylacetamide
Emulsifier: 0.6 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of
active
compound or active compound combination is mixed with the stated amounts of
solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the
desired
concentration, or a commercial formulation of active compound or active
compound
combination is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
To test for protective activity, young plants are sprayed with the active
compound
preparation at the stated application rate. After the spray coating has dried
on, the
plants are sprayed with a conidia suspension of Pyrenophora teres. The plants
remain in an incubation cabin at 20 C and 100% relative atmospheric humidity
for
48 hours.
The plants are then placed in a greenhouse at a temperature of approximately
20 C
and a relative atmospheric humidity of approximately 80%.
Evaluation is carried out 7 days after the inoculation. 0% means an efficacy
which
corresponds to that of the control, whereas an efficacy of 100% means that no
infection is observed.
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Table L
Pyrenophora teres test (barley) / protective
Active compound/active com- Active compound/active com- Efficacy in %
-pound mixture pound mixture in /ha calculated/found
CI
62.5 0
O 18.75 20
02N
~NH
H3C
according to formula (I)
62.5 40
(~ N'\ ENO
N
N=l
triazoxides
I / I
o0 18.75 0
N "zz
CN H3CO OCH
O
azoxystrobin
formula (I) + azoxystrobin 9.375 + 9.375 60
formula (I) + triazoxides 31.25 + 31.25 70
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Example M
Erysiphe test (barley) / protective
Solvent: 25 parts by weight of N,N-dimethylacetamide
Emulsifier: 0.6 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of
active
compound or active compound combination is mixed with the stated amounts of
solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the
desired
concentration, or a commercial formulation of active compound or active
compound
combination is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
To test for protective activity, young plants are sprayed with the preparation
of active
compound at the stated application rate.
After the spray coating has dried on, the plants are dusted with spores of
Erysiphe
graminis fsp. hordei.
The plants are placed in a greenhouse at a temperature of approximately 20 C
and a
relative atmospheric humidity of approximately 80% to promote the development
of
mildew pustules.
Evaluation is carried out 7 days after the inoculation. 0% means an efficacy
which
corresponds to that of the control, whereas an efficacy of 100% means that no
infection is observed.
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Table M
Erysiphe test (barley) / protective
Active compound/active Active compound/active Efficacy in %
compound mixture compound mixture in g/ha calculated/found
CI
O2N S-- \\N N 62.5 0
~NH
H3C
according to formula (I)
CH3
O
H3CO OCH3 62.5 0
O
kresoxim-methyl
formula (I) + kresoxim-methyl 31.25 + 31.25 75
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Example N
Critical concentration test/root systemic action
Test insect: Spodoptera frugiperda
Solvent: 4 parts by weight of acetone
Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of
active
compound is mixed with the stated amount of solvent, the stated amount of
emulsifier is added and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired
concentration.
The preparation of active compound is mixed intimately with soil. Here, the
concentration of the active compound in the preparation is virtually
immaterial; only
the amount by weight of active compound per volume unit of soil, which is
stated in
ppm (mg/1), matters. The soil is filled into 250 ml pots and these are allowed
to stand
at 20 C.
Immediately after preparation, 3 maize corns are placed into each pot. 14 days
after
the preparation, the test insects are placed into an insect bracket and
attached to the
plant. 4 days after the infection, the efficacy of the active compound is
determined in
by counting the dead and live test insects. The efficacy is 100% if all test
insects
have been killed; it is 0% if the same number of test insects is alive as in
the
untreated control.
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Table N
Spodoptera frugiperda test
Active compound/active compound Kill in % at active compound/active
mixture compound mixture concentration in ppm
CI
S_~X
N
~ N\
02N 0.15 ppm = 50%
~NH
H3C
according to formula (I)
CICI
OH
S 5.00 ppm=0%
N /
N NCH
-compound of group (49)
compound according to formula (I) 0.15 ppm
+ compound of group (49) + 5.00 ppm = 80%
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Example 0
Critical concentration test/soil insects
Test insect: Diabrotica balteata - larvae in the soil
Solvent: 4 parts by weight of acetone
Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of
active
compound is mixed with the stated amount of solvent, the stated amount of
emulsifier is added and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired
concentration. Here, the concentration of the active compound in the
preparation is
almost irrelevant; only the amount by weight of active compound per volume
unit of
soil, which is stated in ppm (mg/1), matters. The soil is filled into 0.5 1
pots and these
are allowed to stand at 20 C.
Immediately after preparation, 5 maize corns are placed into each pot. After 3
days,
the test insects are placed into the treated soil. After a further 7 days, the
efficacy is
determined. The efficacy is calculated from the number of maize plants which
have
emerged.
Active compounds, application rates and results are shown in the table below:
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Table 0
Soil insecticides
Diabrotica balteata - larvae in the soil
Active compound Kill in % at active compound concen-
(constitution) trations in ppm
CI
S
N 0.15 ppm=0%
O2Nz
~NH
H3C
according to formula (I)
N
\>-CI
F :Dzx
N
3C SO2
H
20.00 ppm = 70%
N/ \
IN O CH3
according to (50)
formula (1) 0.15 ppm
+ compound according to (50) +20.00 ppm = 70 %
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Table P
Soil insecticides
Diabrotica balteata - larvae in the soil
Active compound Kill in % at active compound concen-
(constitution) trations in ppm
CI
N
02N 0.30ppm=50%
~NH
H3C
formula (I)
CI
O
N 20.00 ppm = 0%
N O NCO-CH3
I N,O
Iz OJ
according to (48)
formula (I) 0.15 ppm
+ compound according to (48) +20.00 ppm = 90 %
