Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
CA 02736915 2011-04-11
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR REMOVING METALLIC MATTER FROM AN OIL
WELL CIRCULATING COMPLETION FLUID STREAM
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for
removing metallic matter(e.g. metal shavings, metal parts, iron,
iron oxide and like metallic material from a flow stream of
circulating oil well fluid, such as completion fluid.
GENERAL BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Magnets have been used to remove metal from a flow stream of
oil well drilling mud. Examples of commercially available
magnets can be seen at the Stacey Oil Services, Ltd. website
(www.staceyoil.com) and the Ceesan website (www.ceesan.net). Such
magnets are also known in the industry as "ditch magnets". Some
patents have issued for ditch magnets. One such patent is U.S.
Patent No. 3,498,455. Other possibly relevant patents are listed
chronologically in the following table.
TABLE
PATENT NO. TITLE ISSUE DATE
2,792,115 Selective Quantity Metering
05-14-1957
Dispenser For Granular Material
3,498,455 Ditch Magnet 03-03-1970
3,713,499 Method and Apparatus for
Treating 01-30-1973
Drilling Mud
3,966,590 Magnetic Ore Separator 06-
29-1976
4,030,558 Wear Determination of
Drilling 06-21-1977
Bits
4,319,989 Magnetic Separator 03-16-
1982
5,740,919 Magnetic Separator 04-21-
1998
5,944,195 Method for Separation of
Solids 08-31-1999
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from Drilling Fluids by Magnetic
Separation and Centrifugation
6,354,386 Apparatus for Retrieving Metal 03-12-2002
Objects from a Wellbcre
2006/0016732 High Gradient Magnetic Separator 01-26-2006
2007/0138103 Magnetic Separation in Fluids 06-21-2007
Cuttings that have been retrieved from a magnet that was
placed in an oil and gas well circulating fluid stream can
provide information that is beneficial to oil and gas well
operators. These collected cuttings may indicate casing wear
during ordinary drilling operations, pipe wear, or any other
factor which may be economically detrimental to the well or
production.
Time is an important factor in oil and gas well drilling.
The cost of drilling is rising. With drilling, rig rates as
expensive as they are, a small part of time saved can equate to
significant savings. Present oil and gas well drilling rates can
be as high as $125,000 to $600,000 per day. Thus, any procedure
or apparatus that shortens the time for handling the magnet
and/or its debris can be a significant savings in money.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a method of removing metallic
material from an oil well circulating fluid stream using a
magnetic field.
The method includes the providing of a vessel which holds
multiple magnetic fields or magnets in multiple locations. Each
of the locations has at least one magnetic field.
In one embodiment, each magnetic field is in the form of a
magnetized bar. The magnetic fields are placed in the locations
or sections so that circulating fluid flows through each section
in a selected fashion.
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In one embodiment, one section receives circulating fluid over
time. The first section is then valved to halt fluid flow. At
about the same time, a second section is opened to fluid flow so
that the magnetic field in the second section is able to remove
magnetic material from the circulating fluid flow stream.
In one embodiment, the magnetic material accumulates in the
magnetic field or on the magnet over time.
In one embodiment, the magnetic material that is collected is
removed from the magnetic field from time to time.
In the preferred embodiment, when one of the sections is
closed so that fluid flow is circulating through the second
section, metallic material is removed from the section that is not
circulating fluid flow.
In one embodiment, a pressurized arrangement enables removal
of metal from a pressured flow stream.
In one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided
a method of removing metal cuttings from an oil well circulating
fluid stream that includes a well fluids flow stream coming from
the well and a well fluids flow stream flowing into the well
comprising the steps of: a) providing a pressurized system of pipes
and canisters, said system including an influent pump, an influent
flow line receiving flow from said influent pump, a first canister
flow line receiving flow from said influent flow line, a second
canister flow line receiving flow from said influent flow line
downstream of said first canister flow line, a bypass flow line
that is in fluid communication with said influent flow line
downstream of said second canister flow line, said bypass flow line
being an effluent flow line that returns the well fluids flow
stream to the well and enabling flow to bypass one or both of said
canister flow lines; b) the pressurized system of step "a"
including a first canister and a second canister, each canister
having an interior, wherein the first canister receives fluid flow
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from the first canister flow line, the second canister receiving
flow from the second canister flow line, each canister having a
discharge flow line that transmits flow from the canister to the
bypass flow line; c) placing a magnetized bar in each canister
interior; d) circulating a well fluids flow stream via the influent
flow line into the first canister flow line and the first canister
to contact the first magnetized bar and then discharging said
stream from the canister via a said discharge flow line to said
bypass flow line; e) allowing cuttings to accumulate directly on
the magnetized bar in the first canister over time;f)lowering
pressure in and draining fluid from the first canister; g) removing
the magnetized bar and accumulated cuttings from the first canister
after step "e"; h) before step "f" switching the well fluids flow
stream to the second canister flow line and second canister;i)
flowing the well fluids to the well via the second canister, the
second canister flow line and bypass flow line after step "h"; and
j) wherein the bypass line enables well fluid to bypass either or
both of the canisters.
In another embodiment of the present invention, there is
provided a method of removing metal cuttings from an oil well
circulating fluid stream that includes a well fluids flow stream
coming from the well and a well fluids flow stream flowing into the
well comprising the steps of: a) providing a pressurized piping
system that includes canisters and piping, said system holding
multiple magnetized bars, said system having first and second
sections each said section having a canister; b) placing the
magnetized bars in the oil well circulating fluid stream, wherein
at least one of said magnetized bars is located in a canister of
each of the first and second sections; c) flowing the oil well
circulating fluid stream through an influent flow line to the first
section while allowing metal cuttings to accumulate on the
magnetized bars in the first section over time; d) depressurizing
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and draining the first section and first section canister; e) after
step "d" removing the magnetized bars from the first section
canister of steps "b" and "c"; f) after step "e" removing the metal
cuttings from an outer surface of the magnetized bar of the first
section; g) discharging the oil well circulating fluid stream from
the first section prior to step "f" via a discharge flow line; h)
switching the oil well circulating fluid stream to the second
section after step "g"'; i) enabling a bypass of the oil well
circulating fluid stream from the influent flow line to the
discharge flow line via a bypass flow line wherein the oil well
circulating fluid stream enables a selective bypass of the first or
second sections; and j) pumping fluid with a pump that receives
flow from the bypass flow line downstream of the first and second
sections.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
For a further understanding of the nature, objects, and
advantages of the present invention, reference should be had to the
following detailed description, read in conjunction with the
following drawings, wherein like reference numerals denote like
elements and wherein:
Figure 1 is an elevation view of the preferred embodiment of
the apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 2 is a plan view of the preferred embodiment of the
apparatus of the present invention taken along lines 2-2 of figure
1;
Figure 3 is a sectional view of the preferred embodiment of
the apparatus of the present invention taken along lines 3-3 of
figure 1;
Figure 4 is a sectional perspective view of the preferred
embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention taken along
lines 4-4 of figure 1;
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Figure 5 is a fragmentary perspective view of the preferred
embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;
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Figure 6 is a flow diagram of the preferred embodiment of
the apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 7 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the
apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 8 is fragmentary perspective exploded view of the
second embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 9 is a fragmentary sectional view of the second
embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention taken along
9-9 of figure 8;
Figure 10 is a partial plan view of the second embodiment of
the apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 11 is a sectional view taken along lines 11-11 of
figure 10;
Figure 12 is a flow diagram of the second embodiment of the
apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 13 is a perspective view of the second embodiment of
the apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 14 is an end view of the second embodiment of the
apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 15 is an elevation view of the second embodiment of
the apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 16 is an end view of the second embodiment of the
apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 17 is a rear view of the second embodiment of the
apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 18 is a fragmentary view of the second embodiment of
the apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 19 is a fragmentary view of the second embodiment of
the apparatus of the present invention; and
Figure 20 is a fragmentary view of the second embodiment of
the apparatus of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Figures 1-6 show the preferred embodiment of the apparatus
of the present invention designated generally by the numeral 10.
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The system 10 for removing metallic particles from an oil well
circulating fluid stream employs a specially configured treatment
vessel 20 having a pair of fluid flow sections 34, 35. Each of
the sections 34, 35 is equipped with a magnetic field that
removes metallic materials as they flow through the section 34 or
35.
Figure 6 illustrates the method and apparatus of the present
invention, designated generally by the numeral 10. In figure 6,
the influent flow stream 11 from an oil well can be routed to an
initial treatment vessel such as shale shaker 12. Flow stream 11
can be any circulating well fluid, e.g. completion fluid. After
exiting shale shaker 12, the fluid enters a holding tank 13. An
influent manifold 14 communicates between holding tank 13 and
treatment vessel 20. Fluid is transmitted via effluent manifold
15 from treatment vessel 20 to pump 16. The pump 16 transfers
fluid received from treatment vessel 20 to a filter 17 which can
be a diatomaceous earth or "D.E." filter. Flow line 18 connects
pump 16 to diatomaceous earth filter 17.
Effluent flow line 19 returns circulating fluid from filter
17 to the well. Pump 21 can
be used to pump fluid that is
discharged from filter 17 back into the well. A bypass flow line
22 can be provided to return fluid to treatment vessel 20 so that
it can be again treated before returning it to the well if
desired.
Treatment vessel 20 provides a base 23 having a pair of
spaced apart forklift sockets 24. Base 23 provides influent and
effluent drip pans 25, 26. Treatment vessel upper section 27 is
a fluid holding section that is divided into fluid sections 34,
35. Treatment vessel lower section 28 is a dry section having
access doors 29 and latch 30. The lower section 28 can be used
to house components such as manifolds 14, 15. Horizontal plate
or floor 31 separates upper and lower sections 27, 28. The upper
section 27 provides a fluid containing space 32 that is divided
longitudinally by baffle 33. Padeyes 51 enable vessel 20 to be
lifted with slings and/or like rigging and a crane.
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Each of the fluid sections 34, 35 includes an influent flow
line and an effluent flow line. Fluid section 34 has influent
flow line 36 and effluent flow line 38. Fluid section 35 has
influent flow line 37 and effluent flow line 39.
Quick connect fittings such as cam lock fittings can be used
to attach each manifold 14, 15 to treatment vessel 20. In the
drawings, the numeral 40 is used to designate such cam lock or
quick connect fittings, which are commercially available
fittings. Drip
pans 25, 26 are positioned to catch any
drips/leakage from quick connect fittings 40 or influents or
effluents 36, 37, 38, 39.
In order to gain access to the vessel 20 interior space 32,
a pair of lids 41, 42 are provided. The lid 41 enables access to
fluid section 34. The lid 42 enables access to fluid section 35.
In figure 6, a plurality of valves 43-46 are provided.
Valve 43 is an influent valve that controls the flow of fluid
from holding tank 13 to section 34 of vessel 20 via manifold 14.
Valve 44 is an inlet valve that controls the flow of fluid from
holding tank 13 to section 35 via manifold 14. Valves 45 and 46
control effluent flow via manifold 15 to pump 16 and then to
diatomaceous earth filter 17. Valve 45 controls effluent from
section 34 in manifold 15. Valve 46 controls effluent flow from
section 35 in manifold 15.
Flow arrows 47 indicate the direction of flow of fluid in
section 34. Similarly, arrows 48 indicate the direction of flow
in section 35.
Each of the sections 34 and 35 has a magnetic field. The
magnetic field for section 34 can be in the form of a plurality
of magnets 50. Similarly, the magnetic field in section 35 can
be a plurality of magnets 50. Each of the magnets 50 is secured
to vessel 20 using mounts such as channels 49. The channels 49
can be of a non-magnetic material so that magnets 50 can be
easily removed for cleaning purposes.
The method of the present invention contemplates fluid flow
through only one section 34 or 35 at a time. In order to flow
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fluid through section 34, the valves 44 and 46 are closed and the
valve 43 and 45 are open.
After a period of time, the magnets 50 (or magnetic field)
will accumulate metallic material and will need to be cleaned.
In order to clean the magnets 50 of one section (such as section
34), valves 44 and 46 are opened. After the valves 44 and 46 are
opened, the valves 43 and 45 are closed so that fluid only flows
in section 35.
A user then opens the section 34 by raising its lid 41 to
gain access to the magnets 50 in section 34. The magnets 50 are
removed from the section 34. The magnets 50 are then cleaned of
metallic material that has adhered to the magnet 50. This can be
accomplished by scraping the metallic material from the surface
of the magnet 50.
If an electromagnet is employed, an electrical control can
be used to shut down the magnetic field and discharge metallic
material from the magnet 50 such as cuttings, debris or other
metallic material. The present invention enables metal, iron,
iron oxide, metal cuttings and the like to be removed from the
flow stream that is flowing from the well and into the
preliminary treatment vessel or shale shaker 12.
When operating the apparatus 10 of the present invention and
the method of the present invention, user's will quickly learn
from experience how often they need to change or clean the
magnets 50 depending upon the concentration of metallic material
being removed. For example, the magnets 50 could initially be
checked every five minutes until a heavy accumulation of metal is
observed. An operator will thus learn that a period of time
passes before a heavy accumulation of metallic material occurs.
This time period could be fifteen minutes, a half hour, two hours
or the like. Once the proper time interval has been learned
through experience, the magnetic members 50 need not be checked
as often.
Figures 7-20 show an alternate embodiment of the apparatus
of the present invention designated generally by the numeral 60
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in figure 12. The system 60 for removing metallic material from
an oil well circulating fluid can be a pressurized system. The
system 60 receives influent 61 from an oil well which is
transmitted through a pump 63 to an influent flow line 62 and
then to manifold 70. Manifold 70 can have an influent or inlet
flange 101 and an effluent or outlet flange 129. The manifold 70
together with its canisters and valves can be supported upon a
transportable frame 64. Frame 64 has a base 65 that can include
multiple welded beams to form a substructure 66 that can be
covered with decking 68 such as metal grating. One or more pipe
supports 67 can be provided as part of base 65 for supporting
various portions of the manifold 70 and/or its component parts.
Figures 13 - 17 show manifold 70 with canisters 78, 79, 81, 82
removed.
Effluent flow line 69 is discharged from manifold 70. It
should be understood that the transportable frame 64, its
manifold 70, and the various component parts described
hereinafter can be used a part of an overall system for removing
metallic material from an oil well circulating fluid similar to
that shown and described in figure 6. Whereas the embodiment of
figure 6 does not show a pump in between the holding tank 13 and
the manifold 14, the manifold 70 and its transportable frame 64
could provide a pump 63 in between the holding tank 13 and the
manifold 70, its canisters and its components.
The manifold 70 supports a number of canister assemblies
including an upper canister 77 and a lower canister assembly 80.
Each of the canister assemblies includes a pair of canisters.
The upper canister assembly 77 has canisters 78 and 79. The
lower canister assembly 80 has canisters 81 and 82. Each of the
canisters 78, 79, 81, 82 has a magnet 71 (see figures 8-12) that
can be used to remove metallic material from an oil well
circulating fluid that flows through the manifold 70 as will be
described more fully hereinafter. Each magnet 71 can thus be
removed from its canister 78, 79, 81, 82 when metallic particles
are to be removed from the magnets 71.
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In order to remove a magnet 71 from a canister 78, 79, 81,
82 there is provided a handle 72 attached to closure plate 73.
Each magnet 71 can be provided with a wiper 74. The wiper 74 can
be used to slide along the length of the magnet 71 pushing all of
the metallic materials that have accumulated upon the magnet 71
to an end portion of the magnet 71. The magnetic material that
is to be removed can then be scraped from the magnet 71 or
otherwise disposed of. One end portion of the magnet can connect
to a non-metallic section so that when the wiper pushes metallic
material to the non-metallic section the collected metallic
material falls off.
Each magnet 71 has an end support 75 opposite closure plate
73. The combination of closure plate 73 and end plate or end
support 75 holds the magnets 71 at the central portion of a
canister 78, 79, 81, 82 as seen in figures 9 and 12.
Each canister 78, 79, 81, 82 has an open end 83 and an
interior 84 for holding a magnet 71. Flange 85 defines the open
end portion of two canisters such as the canisters 78, 79 or
canisters 81, 82.
Each flange 85 has flange openings 86 that enable a bolted
connection to be made between the flange 85 and a closure plate
73. Bolts or bolted connection 76 can be used to attach each
closure plate 73 to flange 85 at flange openings 86 as shown in
figure 8.
Each canister 78, 79, 81, 82 can be in the form of a
cylindrical wall 87, closed at one end that is opposite flange 85
with circular end wall 88.
Each canister assembly 77, 80 is equipped with piping,
valves, and flanges that enable fluid to flow through the upper
canister 77 or through the lower canister assembly 80 so that
the circulating fluid can be subjected to a magnetic field (for
example, magnet 71) thus removing metallic particles in the fluid
stream. Each
canister assembly 77, 80 thus has an influent
flange 89 connected to flow line 90 which connects to the
canister 79. Flow line 91 joins between the canister 78, 79 as
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shown in figure 8. Flow
line 92 exits the cannister 78 and
connects with effluent flange 93.
For emptying the canisters 78, 79, 81, 82 there is provided
a drain line 94 (see figures 9, 12, 18-20). Each drain line 94
can be in the form of an elbow fitting 95, tee-fitting 96, pipe
section 97, pipe section 98, and flange 99 as shown in figure 9.
Before opening any canister assembly 77, 80 it is desirable to
first relieve pressure by opening one of the relief valves 124
and then ascertaining that pressure has dropped to an acceptable
level by reading pressure gauge 123. Preferably each canister
78, 79, 81, 82 is provided with a pressure gauge 123 and relief
valve 124. Fluid is then removed from the canisters using a
drain 94.
Figure 12 illustrates in a schematic diagram, the various
fittings and components that comprise manifold 70 and the system
of removing metallic material from an oil well circulating fluid.
Riser flow line 100 receives flow from influent flow lines 61,
62 as shown. The riser flow line 100 enables fluid to bypass the
upper and lower canister assemblies 77, 80 by closing valves 102
and 103 and opening valve 104. An influent flange 101 enables an
influent flow line 62 such as a hose to be connected to riser
flow line 100.
Downstream of valve 104 there is provided a horizontal pipe
section 105 which communicates with riser flow line 106. The
riser flow line 106 provides an influent for eductor pump 107.
The eductor pump 107 has a pump outlet flange 108 and a pump
suction line 109 that receives flow from the drains 94 and thus
from the upper and lower canister assembly 77, 80. The drain
lines 94 can be controlled with valves 110, 111. Draining fluid
from upper canister assembly 77 can be achieved by opening valve
111 thus enabling flow to exit canister 78, 79 via flow line 117,
118. Similarly, drain line 94 can be drained via valve 110 and
drain lines 119, 120. Check valve 121 can be placed in drain
line 112 above pump 107.
In figures 14-17, bypass 125 flow line enables fluid to
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bypass pump 107. Bypass
flow line 125 can include an elbow
fitting 126 and tee fitting 127 upstream of closure valve 128.
The tee fitting 127 is placed in line in riser flow line 106
below lower canister assembly 80. Another elbow fitting 126 and
tee fitting 127 are placed in line in pump discharge flow line
130. Valve 128 is closed if flow is to be through pump 107.
Valve 128 is opened if flow is to bypass pump 107.
If either of the valves 110 or 111 is opened, the eductor
pump 107 suctions liquid via line 112 and through check valve
121. The eductor pump 107 then mixes that drained fluid received
through flow line 112 with the flow traveling through riser 106
and being discharged at pump discharge 112. The eductor pump 107
can for example, be a commercially available eductor type pump.
When the valves 104, 111,110 are closed, flow from pump 63 and
influent flow line 62 enter upper canister assembly 77 via valve
103 and lower canister assembly 80 via valve 102. Alternatively,
either one of the valves 102, 103 can be closed so that only one
of the canister assemblies receives flow from influent flow line
62.
When flow is to be transmitted from influent flow line 62
through either one of or both of the upper or lower canister
assemblies 77, 80 valves 115, 116 are opened. For example, if
flow is to be only through upper canister 77, valves 103, 115 are
opened and the valves 104, 102 are closed. Likewise, the drain
valves 111, 110 are closed.
If flow is to be simultaneously through the upper canister
assembly 77 and the lower canister assembly 80, the valves 104,
110, 111 are closed and the valves 102, 103, 115, 116 are opened.
In order to clean the upper canister assembly 77 and its
magnets 71, the valves 103, 104, 115 are closed. Initially, the
valves 110, 111 are also closed. The valves 102, 116 are opened.
The relief valves 124 associated with each of the upper
canisters 78, 79 are opened to remove any pressure in canisters
78 and 79. Pressure gauges 123 on these canisters 78, 79 are
viewed to ensure that the pressure has dropped to atmospheric.
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The user then removes the bolts 76 that secure each magnet 71 and
its closure plate 73 to the flange 85. Handle 72 is used to pull
the magnet 71 from its canister. When the magnets 71 of each of
the canisters 78, 79 had been cleaned of debris, metallic
particles and the like, the magnets 71 and their closure plate 73
are returned to the canister 78, 79 and secured with bolts 76.
Valves 103, 115 can then be opened. A user can then service the
lower canister assembly 80 by closing the valves 102, 116 and
repeating the procedure that was used to clean the magnets 71 of
the upper canister 77.
The following is a list of parts and materials suitable for
use in the present invention.
PARTS LIST
Part Number Description
10 system for removing metallic material
from an oil well circulating fluid
11 influent flow from well
12 shale shaker
13 holding tank
14 influent manifold
15 effluent manifold
16 pump
17 diatomaceous earth filter
18 flow line
19 effluent flow line
20 treatment vessel
21 pump
22 bypass flow line
23 base
24 fork lift socket
25 drip pan
26 drip pan
27 upper section
28 lower section
29 access doors
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30 latch
31 horizontal plate/floor
32 fluid holding interior space
33 longitudinal baffle
34 fluid section
35 fluid section
36 influent flow line
37 influent flow line
38 effluent flow line
39 effluent flow line
40 quick connect fitting
41 lid
42 lid
43 valve
44 valve
45 valve
46 valve
47 arrow
48 arrow
49 channel
50 magnet
51 padeye
60 system for removing metallic material
from an oil well circulating fluid
61 influent from well
62 influent flow line
63 pump
64 transportable frame
65 base
66 superstructure
67 piping support
68 decking
69 effluent flow line
70 manifold
71 magnet
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72 handle
73 closure plate
74 wiper
75 end support
76 bolt
77 upper canister assembly
78 upper canister
79 upper canister
80 lower canister assembly
81 lower canister
82 lower canister
83 open end
84 interior
85 flange
86 opening
87 cylindrical wall
88 circular end wall
89 influent flange
90 flow line
91 flow line
92 flow line
93 effluent flange
94 drain line
95 elbow fitting
96 tee fitting
97 pipe section
98 pipe section
99 flange
100 riser flow line
101 flange
102 valve
103 valve
104 valve
105 horizontal pipe section
106 riser flow line
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107 eductor pump
108 pump outlet flange
109 pump suction line
110 valve
111 valve
112 drain line
113 canister discharge line
114 canister discharge line
115 valve
116 valve
117 drain
118 drain
119 drain
120 drain
121 check valve
122 pump discharge
123 pressure gauge
124 relief valve
125 bypass flow line
126 elbow fitting
127 tee fitting
128 valve
129 outlet flange
130 discharge flow line
All measurements disclosed herein are at standard
temperature and pressure, at sea level on Earth, unless indicated
otherwise.
The foregoing embodiments are presented by way of example
only; the scope of the present invention is to be limited only
by the following claims.
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