Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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Description
High-voltage assembly
The invention relates to a high-voltage arrangement having a
switching device. A high-voltage arrangement such as this is
known, for example, from German laid-open specification
DE 102 19 055.
The invention is based on the object of specifying a high-
voltage arrangement with a switching device, in which switching
of the switching states is possible with as little switching
energy as possible.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by a high-
voltage arrangement having the features as claimed in patent
claim 1. Advantageous refinements of the high-voltage
arrangement according to the invention are specified in
dependent claims.
The invention accordingly provides that the switching device
has a transmission with two coupling rods, which can be pivoted
on a predetermined pivoting plane and each move an associated
electrical contact element during pivoting, thus making it
possible to change the switch position of the switching device,
with the switching device connecting a first connection to a
second connection in a first switch position, and connecting
the first connection to a third connection in a second switch
position, and with the three connections being left unconnected
in a third switch position, in that a drive axis of a drive of
the high-voltage arrangement is arranged at right angles to the
pivoting plane of the coupling rods, and in that the two
coupling rods are borne such that, when the switch position of
the switching device is changed, at least one of them can be
pivoted through the
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drive axis area, in which the drive axis of the drive passes
through the pivoting plane of the two coupling rods, or the
drive axis crosses the pivoting plane of the two coupling rods.
One significant advantage of the high-voltage arrangement
according to the invention is that the internal design of the
transmission allows energy-saving switching of the switching
device. This is because the kinematics according to the
invention of the coupling rods have a positive influence on the
movement of the contact elements. Since the coupling rods can
pass the drive axis area of the drive this makes it possible,
for example, to ensure that, when there is a change in the
switch position of the switching device, the contact element
which is being switched off is moved less than the contact
element which is being switched on. By way of example, starting
from the third switch position, in which both contact elements
are switched off and there is thus an adequate isolating gap in
each case from the counter contact element associated with
them, this makes it possible to prevent the other contact
element which remains switched off from also being moved
synchronously when the one contact element is being switched
on; this is because such a synchronous additional movement is
not necessary at all from the electrical point of view, because
the distance between the contact element and the counter
contact element in the case of the switched-off contact element
is already adequate, and need not be increased any more. The
capability according to the invention of the coupling rods to
pivot through means that the deflection movement of the
coupling rod which is being switched off can be considerably
less than the deflection movement of the coupling rod which is
being switched on, as a result of which the contact element
which remains switched off is moved less than the contact
element which is being switched on. Since every drive movement
requires drive energy because of friction, the reduced movement
travel of the contact element which remains switched off
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saves drive energy, in comparison to other switching devices in
which the contact element which is being switched on and the
contact elements which remain switched off are synchronously
coupled and are each moved through deflection travels of the
same magnitude.
A further significant advantage of the high-voltage arrangement
according to the invention is that, because of the capability
of the coupling rods to pivot or pass through the drive axis
area, both the movement path of one of the electrical contact
elements and the drive of the switching device can be arranged
centrally in the housing of the high-voltage arrangement. By
way of example, the movement path of one of the electrical
contact elements can be arranged parallel to the center axis of
the housing, and the drive axis can be arranged at right angles
to the center axis, to be precise nevertheless in the housing
center. A central arrangement such as this makes it possible to
fit the transmission and the switching device alternatively in
different orientations within the housing by rotating the
transmission for example through 1800 without having to make
any physical changes to the transmission or to the switching
device.
In order to allow a simple and low-cost transmission design, it
is considered to be advantageous for the transmission to have a
first and a second transmission plate, which are kept parallel
and at a distance from one another by a first connecting rod
and a second connecting rod, with the two connecting rods each
being arranged at right angles to the transmission plates and
parallel to the drive axis, and with the first connecting rod
forming a first pivoting bearing for the first coupling rod,
and the second connecting rod forming a second pivoting bearing
for the second coupling rod.
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The coupling rods can be made to pass through particularly
easily if the drive is indirectly or directly connected to the
first transmission plate, and the intermediate space between
the two transmission plates remains free in the drive axis area
for the coupling rods to pivot through.
The first and the second connecting rods are preferably at the
same distance from the drive axis, in order to ensure that the
movement characteristic of the contact elements from the third
switch position to the second switch position is identical to
the movement characteristic of the contact elements from the
third switch position to the first switch position.
The drive is preferably connected to the first transmission
plate in order that it can rotate the latter about the drive
axis; in this case, the second transmission plate is also
rotated by the two connecting rods with the first transmission
plate.
The second transmission plate is preferably connected to a
drive coupling element which is arranged coaxially with respect
to the drive axis, such that said drive coupling element is
also rotated during rotation of the first transmission plate
and of the second transmission plate. By way of example, one
end of the drive coupling element is connected to the second
transmission plate, and its other end is connected to a first
transmission plate of another or second switching device in the
high-voltage arrangement. By way of example, the second
switching device may be associated with a different electrical
pole in the high-voltage arrangement. In an arrangement such as
this, a single drive
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having a central drive axis can simultaneously switch a
plurality of poles in the high-voltage arrangement.
The high-voltage arrangement preferably has two or more poles,
and has a switching device for each electrical pole, with one
of the switching devices being connected to the drive, and with
the other switching devices each being connected indirectly to
the drive directly via upstream switching devices and upstream
drive coupling elements.
In order to achieve a compact transmission design, it is
considered to be advantageous for the two coupling rods to be
arranged on the same plane between the two transmission plates.
One particularly preferred embodiment variant provides that the
high-voltage arrangement has a housing, the drive is arranged
in the housing on a center axis which runs through the housing
center of the housing, the drive axis is at right angles to the
center axis, and the movement path of one of the electrical
contact elements lies on the center axis and parallel to it. An
embodiment such as this makes it possible to fit the
transmission and the switching device differently within the
housing, for example rotated through 1800, without having to
make any physical changes to the transmission or to the
switching device.
The housing is preferably axially symmetrical, and the center
axis preferably forms an axis of symmetry of the housing. The
movement axis or the movement path of the two electrical
contact elements is preferably at right angles to the drive
axis of the drive.
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it is also considered to be advantageous if the high-voltage
arrangement has a housing with a first housing opening and a
second housing opening, with both the first and the second
housing openings being suitable for selectively fitting a
viewing window or a ground contact connection to them. In this
embodiment, the viewing window and the ground contact
connection can thus be interchanged, thus allowing the high-
voltage arrangement to be reconfigured easily.
In the case of an axially symmetrical housing, the first
housing opening and the second housing opening are preferably
opposite one another with respect to the axis of symmetry. The
first housing opening and the second housing opening are
preferably identical, in order to allow simple replacement of
the viewing window and ground contact connection, if the
transmission is intended to be fitted rotated through 180
within the housing.
By way of example, the ground contact connection forms the
third connection of the high-voltage arrangement, and can be
connected through the switching device to the first contact.
In addition, it is considered to be preferable if the two
housing openings and a viewing window which is inserted into
one of the two housing openings are of such a size and are
aligned such that both the position of a first electrical
contact element, which can connect the first connection and the
second connection to one another, and the position of a second
electrical contact element, which can connect the first
connection and the third connection to one another, can be seen
from the outside through the viewing window.
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One of the two contact elements forms, for example, a ground
contact element, and the other of the two contact elements
forms, for example, a disconnecting contact element of the
switching device.
The invention will be explained in more detail in the following
text with reference to exemplary embodiments; in this case, by
way of example:
Figure 1 shows a cross section through a first exemplary
embodiment of a high-voltage arrangement according to
the invention, with the high-voltage arrangement
having two housing openings for fitting a ground
contact connection and a viewing window,
Figure 2 shows the high-voltage arrangement as shown in Figure
1, with the point where the viewing window is fitted
and that where the ground contact connection is
fitted in the two housing openings in the housing
being interchanged,
Figure 3 shows a simplified illustration of the design of the
transmission of the high-voltage arrangement as shown
in Figure 1, with Figure 3 showing a view from the
side,
Figure 4 shows a different view of the transmission of the
high-voltage arrangement as shown in Figure 3,
likewise in a simplified schematic illustration,
Figure 5 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a high-voltage
arrangement according to the invention, with the
arrangement of the viewing window relative to the
transmission being explained in more detail, and with
the first switch position of the switching device
being shown,
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Figure 6 shows the high-voltage arrangement as shown in Figure
5, with the switching device in the second switch
position,
Figure 7 shows the third switch position of the switching
device in the high-voltage arrangement as shown in
Figure 5,
Figure 8 shows a simplified illustration of the design of the
transmission of the high-voltage arrangement as shown
in Figure 5, with the third switch position of the
switching device being shown, and
Figure 9 shows a cascaded arrangement of switching devices, in
which one of the switching devices is connected
directly to a drive and the other switching devices
are connected indirectly to the drive via drive
coupling elements.
For the sake of clarity, the same reference symbols are always
used for identical or comparable components in the figures.
Figure 1 shows a high-voltage arrangement 10 in which a
switching device 20 interacts with a first connection 30, a
second connection 40 and a third connection 50.
The switching device 20 has a transmission 60 which is equipped
with a first connecting rod 70 and a second connecting rod 80.
The first connecting rod 70 forms a first pivoting bearing for
a first coupling rod 90 of the transmission 60. The second
connecting rod 80 forms a second pivoting bearing for a second
coupling rod 100.
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The pivotable bearing of the two coupling rods 90 and 100
allows them to be pivoted on a predetermined pivoting plane,
which corresponds to the plane of the sheet in Figure 1.
One contact element is associated with each of the two coupling
rods 90 and 100, specifically with the first contact element
110 being associated with the first coupling rod 90, and the
second contact element 120 being associated with the second
coupling rod 100. The two contact elements 110 and 120 are
borne such that they can move, and can be moved along their
longitudinal direction during pivoting of the associated
coupling rod. For example, the first contact element 110 can
thus be moved in the direction of the second connection 40 by
pivoting the first coupling rod 90, such that the first
connection 30 is connected to the second connection 40. During
such a, pivoting movement of the coupling rod 90, the second
coupling rod 100 is pivoted such that the second contact
element 120 is pulled away from the third connection 50, and is
pulled into the housing of the transmission 60.
The second contact element 120 can be connected in a
corresponding manner to the third connection 50, by being moved
in the direction of the third connection 50 by means of the
second coupling rod 100. During a linear movement such as this,
the first coupling rod 90 will pull the first coupling element
110 away from the second connection 40, and will pull it into
the housing of the transmission 60.
The movement of the two contact elements 110 and 120, or the
pivoting movement of the two coupling rods 90 and 100, is
caused by two transmission plates 160 and 150, only the upper
transmission plate 150 of which is shown in Figure 1. In the
illustration shown in Figure 1, the lower transmission plate
160 is covered by the upper transmission plate 150.
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Figures 3 and 4 show the arrangement of the two transmission
plates 150 and 160 relative to one another in detail. The two
transmission plates 150 and 160 are arranged parallel to one
another, and are at a distance from one another. They are
connected to one another by the two connecting rods 70 and 80,
and are held at a distance apart by them.
In order to pivot the two coupling rods 90 and 100, the lower
transmission plate 160 is indirectly or directly connected to a
drive 200, whose drive axis 210 is arranged at right angles to
the plane of the drawing in Figure 1. When the drive 200 is
switched on, then the lower transmission plate 160 is rotated
about the drive axis 210, as a result of which the upper
transmission plate 150, which is illustrated in Figure 1, is
also rotated, since the two transmission plates 150 and 160 are
connected to one another via the two connecting rods 70 and 80,
and the pivoting bearings formed thereby. Rotation of the
transmission plates 150 and 160 about the drive axis 210 allows
the coupling rods 90 and 100, which are borne such that they
can pivot, to pivot, thus moving the contact elements 110 and
120 - as already explained.
The design of the transmission 60 will now be explained in more
detail with reference to the illustrations in Figures 3 and 4.
Both Figures 3 and 4 show schematic illustrations of a side
view of the transmission 60. In this case, Figure 3 shows the
upper transmission plate 150, which is also illustrated in
Figure 1, and the lower transmission plate 160 as well.
Furthermore, the figure shows the connecting rod 70 which
connects the transmission plate 150 to the transmission plate
160. The connecting rod 70 forms the pivoting bearing for the
first coupling rod 90, which can be pivoted in the space
between the two transmission plates 150 and 160.
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In order to allow the first coupling rod 90 and, analogously to
this as well, the second coupling rod 100 to pivot through the
drive axis area 220 in which the drive axis 210 of the drive
200 passes through the pivoting plane E of the two coupling
rods, the drive 200 is arranged such that it is indirectly or
directly connected exclusively to the lower transmission plate
160 in Figure 3. In other words, the drive 200 therefore does
not extend into the drive axis area 220, nor into the space
area between the two transmission plates 150 and 160. The space
area between the two transmission plates 150 and 160 is
therefore free of any drive.
The mechanical coupling between the two transmission plates 150
and 160 is provided by the two connecting rods 70 and 80 such
that the upper transmission plate 150 is also correspondingly
rotated when the lower transmission plate 160 is rotated about
the drive axis 210. Such rotation results in the two connecting
rods 70 and 80 being pivoted about the drive axis 210, thus
resulting in a pivoting movement of the associated coupling
rods 90 and 100, as well.
Figure 4 shows another view of the transmission 60. In this
illustration, both the first connecting rod 70 and the second
connecting rod 80 as well as the coupling rods 90 and 100 which
are connected to them are shown. As can be seen, in the
illustration in Figure 4, the first coupling rod 90 is pivoted
into the drive axis area 220, and therefore crosses the drive
axis 210. The second coupling rod 100 is pivoted out of the
drive axis area 220.
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The distance between the two transmission plates 150 and 160,
which are arranged parallel, at least approximately parallel,
is annotated with the reference symbol A in Figure 3.
Figure 1 furthermore shows that the high-voltage arrangement
100 has a housing 300 with a center axis 310. The center axis
310 runs through the housing center and preferably forms an
axis of symmetry of the housing 300. In other words, the
housing 300 is therefore preferably axially symmetrical about
the axis of symmetry 310.
The housing 300 is equipped with two housing openings 320 and
330, which are preferably identical. The third connection 50 of
the high-voltage arrangement 10 is mounted on the housing
opening 320 by means of an attachment element 340. A viewing
window 350 is fitted to the housing opening 330, through which
viewing window 350 it is possible to look into the housing 300
in order to check the switching state of the switching device
20.
Since the two housing openings 320 and 330 are identical, it is
possible to interchange the fitting of the third connection 50
and the fitting of the viewing window 350; contrary to the
illustration shown in Figure 1, the attachment element 340 and
the third connection 50 can therefore also be fitted to the
housing opening 330, and the viewing window 350 can be fitted
to the housing opening 320.
Such fitting of the attachment element 340 and of the viewing
window 350 is illustrated in Figure 2. Figure 2 shows that the
third connection 50 is now fitted to the housing opening 330 by
means of the attachment element 340. The viewing window 350 is
located in the housing opening 320.
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In order to ensure the interaction of the third connection 50
with the switching device 20, said switching device 20 is
fitted pivoted through 1800 by fitting the housing 60 to the
drive 200 pivoted through 180 . Such pivoting of the
transmission 60 and of the switching device 20 through 180 is
possible specifically because the drive 200 and the drive axis
210 are arranged in the housing center, that is to say on the
center axis 310. If the drive axis 210 were to be arranged off-
center, then the transmission 60 could not be pivoted in the
described manner.
Furthermore, as can be seen, the arrangement of the contact
element 110 in the transmission 60 is chosen such that the
first contact element 110 is moved along the center axis 310.
The movement path Ax therefore in other words lies on the
center axis 310. The corresponding arrangement of the movement
path Ax and the corresponding arrangement of the first contact
element 110 likewise ensure the already explained pivoting
capability of the transmission 60 and the pivoting capability
of the switching device 20 overall about the center axis 310.
Furthermore, as can be seen from Figure 1, the movement path Ax
of the first contact element 110 runs at right angles to the
drive axis 210; a corresponding situation applies to the
movement path of the second contact element 120, which is
likewise aligned at right angles to the drive axis 210.
The size of the two housing openings 320 and 330 is preferably
chosen such that both the position of the first contact element
110 and the position of the second contact element 120 can be
seen through the viewing window 350, in order to allow the
switch position
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of the switching device 20 to be checked visually from the
outside. One preferred refinement and arrangement of the two
housing openings 320 and 330 will be explained in more detail
in the following text in conjunction with Figures 5 to 7.
Figure 5 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a high-voltage
arrangement. As can be seen, in this exemplary embodiment as
well, the housing 300 has a center axis and is preferably
axially symmetrical, at least essentially axially symmetrical,
thus allowing fitting of the viewing window 350 both to the
housing opening 330 and to the housing opening 320. In the
exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 5, the viewing window 350
is fitted to the housing opening 330, and the third connection
50 is fitted to the housing opening 320.
Figure 5 shows a first switch position of the switching device
20 of the high-voltage arrangement 10. In this first switch
position, the switching device 20 connects the first connection
30 to the second connection 40, the switching device 20 moving
the contact element 110 in the direction of the second
connection 40. The corresponding movement is caused by the
first coupling rod 90, which is pushed in the direction of the
second connection 40 by the connecting rod 70.
The corresponding rotary movement of the two transmission
plates 150 and 160 also pivots the connecting rod 80, thus
resulting in a pivoting movement of the second coupling rod
100. As can be seen from Figure 5, the second coupling rod 100
is pivoted into the drive axis pivoting area 220 of the
transmission 60 and in the process crosses the drive axis 210
of the drive 200. Such pivoting of the second coupling rod 100
is possible because the
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space between the two transmission plates 150 and 160 is free,
and the drive 200 does not extend into this area.
The pivoting movement of the second coupling rod 100, as
illustrated in Figure 5, pulls the second contact element 120
away from the third connection 50, and pulls it into the
housing of the transmission 60. The second contact element 120
therefore makes no electrical contact with the third connection
50. The described kinematics, which are caused by the
arrangement of the two connecting rods 70 and 80 on the
transmission plates 150 and 160, result in the linear movement
and the movement path of the two contact elements 110 and 120
not being the same. In other words - starting from the third
(neutral) switch position, as is shown in Figures 1 and 2 - the
movement path Ax of the first contact element 110 will be
considerably greater than the movement path Al of the second
contact element 120, which is pulled into the housing of the
transmission 60 when the first switch position is selected, as
is shown in Figure 5.
The shortened movement path of the second contact element 120
reduces the force applied and therefore the movement energy
which is required for switching the switching device 20. In
other words, the kinematics of the transmission 60 ensure that
- starting from the third switch position - the contact element
to be moved away or to be disconnected need be moved only as
far as is necessary for disconnection of the electrical
connection. The contact element which is intended to make an
electrical connection is, in contrast to this, deflected
completely, or moved more, however.
Figure 6 shows the second switch position of the switching
device 20 as shown in Figure 5. As can be seen, in this
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second switch position, the first connection 30 is connected to
the third connection 50. Because the third connection 50 is
electrically connected to the housing 300 of the high-voltage
arrangement 10, the third connection 50 forms a ground
connection, thus grounding the first connection 30 in the
second switch position, as shown in Figure 6. The second
connection 40 remains unconnected in the second switch
position, and, for example, is floating.
Figure 6 likewise provides a clear illustration of the method
of operation of the transmission 60 and the pivoting movement
of the two coupling rods 90 and 100. As can be seen, in the
second switch position, the first coupling rod 90 pivots
through the drive axis area, or passes through it, and thus
crosses the drive axis 210 of the drive 200.
The kinematics provided by the transmission 60 also ensure that
the movement path of the contact element to be switched on, in
this case the second contact element 120, is greater than the
movement path of the contact element to be disconnected, in
this case the first contact element 110. The movement process
within the transmission 60 therefore reduces the movement path
of the contact to be disconnected, as soon as it enters the
area of the housing of the transmission 60.
As can also be seen well from Figure 6 - indicated by arrows P1
and P2 - the size of the two housing openings 320 and 330 and
their arrangement are also chosen such that both the position
of the first contact element 110 and the position of the second
contact element 120 can be seen through the viewing window 350.
Figure 7 shows the third switch position of the switching
device 20 of the high-voltage arrangement 10 as shown in Figure
5.
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In this third switch position, the three connections 30, 40 and
50 are unconnected. The resultant position or deflection of the
two coupling rods 90 and 100 in a switch position such as this
is illustrated once again schematically, in the form of a side
view, in Figure 8.
In order to simplify identification of the switch position of
the switching device 20, it is also possible to provide for the
housing of the transmission 60 to have openings through which
it is possible to look into the transmission, in order to
determine the position of the contact elements. The arrows P1
and P2 in Figures 5-7 indicate this possibility.
The method of operation of the high-voltage arrangement 10 has
been explained for a single electrical pole with reference to
Figures 1 to 8. By way of example, the following text will now
also explain that a multi-pole high-voltage arrangement is also
possible, for example by cascading the drive devices.
Figure 9 shows one exemplary embodiment of a high-voltage
arrangement in which three switching devices 20, 20' and 20''
are provided for the three poles of a three-pole power
transmission device. Each of the switching devices 20, 20' and
20'' has a respective transmission 60, 60' and 60'', with each
transmission in each being equipped with two transmission
plates 150, 160, 150', 160', 150'' and 160''. As can be seen in
Figure 9, only the lower switching device 20 in Figure 9 is
connected directly to the drive 200 of the high-voltage
arrangement 10. The other switching devices 20' and 20'' are
connected to the drive 200 only indirectly, specifically via
drive coupling elements 400 and 400', which connect the
transmissions 60, 60' and 60'' to one another.
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The method of operation of the high-voltage arrangement as
shown in Figure 9 may now appear, for example, as follows: when
the drive 200 is operated, then this results in the
transmission plate 160 of the lower transmission 60 being
rotated, which necessarily also results in rotation of the
upper transmission plate 150 of the transmission 60. Since the
upper transmission plate 150 of the transmission 60 is
connected to the lower transmission plate 160' of the
transmission 60', this lower transmission plate 160' will also
rotate as soon as the drive 200 is active. Once again, this
leads to the upper transmission plate 150' of the transmission
60' also pivoting and, via the second drive coupling element
400', to the two transmission plates 150" and 160'' of the
second transmission 60" also pivoting.
In summary, it can be stated that the cascading arrangement of
the switching devices 20, 20' and 20'' makes it possible to
provide a three-pole high-voltage arrangement in which the
drive 200 and the drive axis 210 can be arranged in the area of
the center axis 310, or of the axis of symmetry of the housing
300. An arrangement of the drive axis 210 in the area of the
center axis 310 makes it possible - assuming an appropriate
configuration of the transmission 60 - for the transmission 60
to be fitted aligned in different ways within the housing 300
of the high-voltage arrangement.
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List of reference symbols
High-voltage arrangement
Switching device
20' Switching device
20'' Switching device
Connection
Connection
Connection
Transmission
60' Transmission
60" Transmission
Connecting rod
Connecting rod
Coupling rod
100 Coupling rod
110 Contact element
120 Contact element
150 Transmission plate
150' Transmission plate
150'' Transmission plate
160 Transmission plate
160' Transmission plate
160" Transmission plate
200 Drive
210 Drive axis
220 Drive axis area
300 Housing
310 Center axis/axis of symmetry
320 Housing opening
330 Housing opening
340 Attachment element
350 Viewing window
400 Drive coupling element
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400' Drive coupling element
E Pivoting plane
A Distance
Ax Movement path
Al Movement path
P1 Arrow
P2 Arrow
