Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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INTEGRATED SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
Applicant claims priority on and this application is a continuation-in-part
under 35
U.S.C. 120 of International Application No. PCT/RU2010/000026 filed January
20, 2010,
which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 119 of Russian Application No. 2009-
103724 filed
on February 4, 2009 and Russian Application No. 2009-143268 filed on November
23, 2009.
Applicant also claims priority on and this application is also a continuation-
in-part under 35
U.S.C. 120 of International Application No. PCT/RU2010/000481 filed September
9, 2010,
which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 119 of Russian Application No. 2010-
113444 filed
on April 6, 2010. The International Applications under PCT article 21(2) were
not published
in English. Applicant claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 119 of Russian
Application No.
2009-103724 filed on February 4, 2009, Russian Application No. 2009-143268
filed on No-
vember 23, 2009, and Russian Application No. 2010-113444 filed on April 6,
2010. The dis-
closure of the aforesaid International Applications and Russian applications
are incorporated
by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to the treatment of household and industrial sewage with
the con-
tent of organic impurities in BOD making 50 to 50,000 mg/dm3, suspended
matters from 50
to 1,500 mg/dm3, fats up to 300 mg/dm3, which can be used for the purification
of the waste
water produced by dwelling-houses, villages, towns and cities, meat-packing
plants, fish
processing plants, canneries, cattle breeding farms, yeast factories,
breweries, sugar-mills,
pulp and paper mills, chemical and microbiological enterprises, etc. The
invention is also de-
signed to purify sewage with a high content of hydrosulfides and sulphuretted
hydrogen (5 to
100 mg/dm3), ammonia nitrogen (50 to 100 mg/dm3) due to the decay of the
organic impuri-
ties in the collectors and receivers of transfer pumping stations, receipt of
detritus pit and
cesspool sewage, as well as methane fermentation of anaerobic digesters.
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' 1 -
2. The Prior Art
Known is an activated sludge treatment plant consisting of a biofilter located
above the
air-tank separator with delivery pipes for liquid jet aeration, attached to
the biofilter collect-
ing tray, a mixing chamber and a circulation pump (USSR Certificate of
Authorship
No.1020379, MKI S02 F3/02 publ. 30.05.1983). The device functions as follows:
the sew-
age, after pretreatment (particulate pollutants removed), is driven to the
mixing chamber to-
gether with the sludge mixture driven by hydrostatic head from the air-tank
separator. Then
the sewage-and-sludge mixture is circulated by the pump through the biofilter,
delivery pipes
(aeratic columns), and air-tank separator. The impurities are biologically
oxidized by the bio-
cenosis attached to the biofilter feed and active sludge microorganisms in the
air-tank separa-
tor. When irrigated and driven through the biofilter, the sludge mixture is
saturated with ae-
rial oxygen. Additional saturation of the liquid with oxygen in the aeration
tank and its con-
tent interfusion is due to the air-entraining of the delivery pipes (aeration
columns), gas-liquid
flow movement and air bubble floating. The advantages of this plant are: high
sewage purifi-
cation level due to the combination of the oxidative and better
characteristics of the biofilter
biocenosis and the aeration tank active sludge microflora; application, as a
basic device, of a
simple low pressure pump, and low power consumption (up to 0.5 kWt per a kilo
of removed
BOD). The biofilters blow away sulphuretted hydrogen and sorb hydrosulfides
with the
adapted sludge, which promotes effective purification of sewage with a high
content of the
said compounds. At the same time application of a single combined plant being
a single unit
is irrational for sewage treatment within the capacity range between 100 and
50,000 m3/day
since the hydrodynamical mode control of the plant becomes more complicated
and a repair
shutdown of some elements is impossible.
The biofilter's specific weight in the general purification effect of the
combined plant
may be raised and correspondingly the power consumption cut through a
constructive design
of the biofilter having a feed of spherically shaped ceramic elements with
surface cavities (RF
Patent No. 2310499 BOLD 53/18 publ. 20.11.2007) developed for chemical mass-
transfer ap-
paratuses.
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Known also is a strong sewage biochemical treatment plant, RF Patent No.
2139257,
MKI S02 F3/02, publ. 10.10.1999, whose aeration tank and bioreactor are
equipped with bio-
logical feed blocks of sheets provided with holes and bristles permitting to
raise the gross
amount of the active biomass, nitrifiers included.
The most similar by its critical limitations (prototype) to the claimed
invention is the
sewage biochemical treatment plant described in RF Patent No. 2220915, MKI S02
F3/02,
publ. 10.01.2004. The combined plant biofilter irrigation evenness depends not
just on the
lock valves where the sewage-and-sludge mixture is driven to the trays, but
also on the avail-
ability of the pressure reducing devices as the liquid is driven to the trays,
because of the
abrupt liquid wave motion at the initial sections. The biofilter feed
irrigation evenness at a
minimum consumption of power for driving the liquid to the irrigation system
depends on
both the level of the upper cuts at the emptying fittings to the reflective
disks (1 to 1.5 m) and
the distances between the trays and the distances between the emptying
fittings. The dimen-
sions of the emptying fittings (4 to 10 diameters) shown in this Patent
provide density of the
falling liquid jets and diversity of the liquid drops reflection pathways. At
the same time, as
there appears a layer of attached microflora on the inside surface of the
fittings ((3 = 1.5 mm),
the fittings diameter making 20 to 35 mm and their length exceeding 6
diameters, as well as
due to the claws, abruptly falls the fittings' delivery capacity and raises
their obstruction
probability, which demands frequent cleaning.
The efficiency of the organic impurities oxidation in the combined plant
biofilters de-
pends on the feed design. A flat feed is blocks of corrugated sheets of
various coarseness,
which facilitates biomass growth in the feed upper section and excludes
silting in the middle
and lower sections.
However application of man-made dielectric materials like fiberglass,
ceramoplastic,
plastics, fails to provide sufficient clutch between the microflora and the
feed surface. The
manufacturing testing has shown that the best clutch between the biomass and
the feed surface
is performed by ceramics.
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The combined plant water jet aeration unit provides efficient saturation of
liquid with
oxygen and stirring of the aeration tank contents only in case of the aeration
columns definite
diameters and definite proportions between the columns height above the
surface and the
height of the sunk sections of the columns. A correct choice of parameters
minimizes power
consumption for sewage treatment. The efficiency of air-entraining in the
columns is influ-
enced by the conditions under which the sewage-and-sludge mixture gets to the
sewage col-
lectors, the horizontal distances between the upper cuts of the aeration
columns, and the pre-
cision of fixing the upper cuts of the aeration columns in relation to the
water level. The heli-
ciform claws in the upper sections of the columns raise the clogging ability
of the columns in
case of long-fibered impurities. The prototype sewage biochemical treatment
plant presup-
poses that to stir the aeration tank contents the pipes lower ends are evenly
placed above the
flat section of the aeration tank bottom at a distance of 0.2 to 0.3 in from
it.
At the same time prevention of sludge deposition and decay with a minimum
power
consumption for the sludge mixture circulation, keeping the active biomass of
the aeration
zone in a suspended state, depend on both the aeration columns diameter, the
admission
charge (m3/h) and the proportion of the aeration columns heights above and
under the liquid
level, as well as on the distances between the upper and lower columns cuts,
distances be-
tween the columns ends and the angle of coupling between the flat and conic
sections of the
bottom and the even sludge diversion.
The sewage settlings optimally contain carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and trace
ele-
ments. However any possibility of using settlings as a fertilizer is
restricted due to the vital
capacity of helminths and odor nuisances as these are introduced into soil.
Application of mi-
crowave frequency installations dehelmintizes the settlings completely. The
excess sludge re-
moved from the combined plants, is characterized by an optimal proportion of
its biogenic ele-
ments, fine water yielding capacity and high mineralisation. Absence of
primary settlers within
the combined treatment plant flow schemes, aeration tanks and secondary
settlers blocking
excludes settlings deposition and decay and correspondingly any odor
nuisances, unlike tradi-
tional plants whose settlings retain putrefactive ferments. That is why the
excess sludge can
be used as a fertilizer.
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The major impacts on the biological sewage treatment are initial sewage and
open air
temperatures. The average cold weather sewage temperature in the towns and
cities of Russia
is between 15 and 17 C, while that in medium and small villages is 9 to 14
C. Within aver-
age aeration mode tanks, if air the temperature is minus 10 to 20 C, the
liquid temperatures
falls during treatment by 1 to 3 C, and within extended mode aeration tanks
it falls by 4 to
90 C, which results in biological treatment deceleration or complete
cessation. In the hot
countries, high sewage and air temperatures, as well as direct sunlight, raise
the treated liquid
up to 35 C and more, which also adversely effects air solubility and
treatment speed. A
closed design for sewage treatment plants partially solves the problem of
liquid cooling or
heating, yet the basic line of optimization of the plant's temperature mode
and reduction of
power consumption for air treatment is to raise the air oxygen use factor.
As the sewage is purified in the aeration tanks, there is a large number of
bubbles that
burst and thus form drops getting up to the atmosphere and carrying pathogenic
microflora
with themselves. This way the air is polluted with infectious and invasion
diseases agents. To
disinfect and deodorize the technological air, the plants are to be provided
with air treatment
devices. The three and four-stage air treatment schemes of the plants
installed in the cities of
Monaco, Nice, Antibes use wet hypochlorite, caustic soda treatment, and all
fetid odors are
removed with ozone, which makes air purification too expensive.
The objective as viewed by the designers of the new sewage biochemical
treatment
plant was to create such variants that would provide efficient and steady
quality of treatment
of sewage characterized by low and high organic impurities concentrations,
high content of
sulphuretted hydrogen and hydrosulfides, ammonium nitrogen, and raise the
environmental
safety of the purified sewage, particularly reduce the sanitary protection
zone around the
plant.
The solution of the designers' task resulted in technical terms in the raise
of the
plant's performance and stability of work at various concentrations of the
impurities. Better
performance and stability of work predetermined lower power consumption for
sewage
treatment, disinfection and used air deodorization. Above all, the plant
enabled to utilize the
waste producing granulated fertilizers.
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SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The character of the invention is as follows: the integrated biochemical
sewage treat-
ment plant includes mechanical treatment devices, a sludge sewage mixing
chamber with a
circulation pump and a combined biological treatment device including a
biofilter with plane
feed, a spray line, collecting trays and drain collectors with water jet
aeratic columns sunk in
the aeration zones, and pre-treatment devices; within the combined biological
treatment de-
vice of 5 to 15,000 m3/day capacity, the biofilters spray line includes trays
with emptying fit-
tings and reflecting disks, the distance from the trays emptying fittings
upper ends to the disk
reflectors being 0.8 to 2 in, and the distance between the trays centers and
the distance be-
tween the trays fittings axes being 0.6 to 1.8 m. The aeration columns
diameter making from
25 to 100 mm, their height above the liquid level in the aeration settling
tanks is 1.2 to 3.5 in,
and the sinking height under the liquid level is 1.5 to 4 in. The distance
between the upper
columns cuts is 50 to 500 mm, and the distance between the lower aeration
columns cuts is
0.5 to 3 in.
Besides, the character of the invention is as follows: the length of the
emptying fit-
tings installed in the spray line trays is within 2 to 6 diameters. The
diameter of the reflecting
disks is 80 to 200 mm. The pipelines driving the sewage-and-sludge mixture to
the biofilter
irrigating trays have shutters; additionally the trays beginnings have gates,
and there are train-
ing plates before the initial emptying fittings.
At the same time, the character of the invention is as follows: the biofilter
spray line
trays are equipped with helium-neon lasers stimulating microflora growth,
nitrification and
denitrification.
Besides, the character of the invention is as follows: the biofilter feed
elements are
spheres of a 35 to 100 mm diameter with 4 to 10 cavities whose axes meet in
the center of the
sphere. The spheres have surface claws of 0.1 to 1.5 mm. Combinations of
metals are in-
cluded in the material of the elements.
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At the same time, the character of the invention is as follows: the biofilter
feed is
made of corrugated ceramic sheets of 0.5 to 1.5 in width, 0.5 to 3 in height,
and 2 to 4 mm
thiclness, with 0.1 to 2 mm surface claws (coarseness), a frame of parallel
and longitudinal
wavy bands of 3 to 10 mm width and thickness. Some part of the longitudinal
bands are made
as 10 to 35 mm wide obtrusive wavy partitions. Combinations of metals are
included in the
material of the sheets.
Besides, the character of the invention is as follows: the drain collector of
the biofilter
tray is equipped with a training reflector. The aeration columns upper section
is made as fit-
tings twisted into the sockets attached to the drain collector bottom. The
drain collector is
supplied with a little access to assemble fittings and for pipes cleaning.
At the same time, the character of the invention is as follows: the drain
fittings of the
biofilters spray lines and the fittings of the aeration columns upper sections
have 1 to 1.5
revolutions high heliciform hollows of a height not more than 0.7 fitting's
diameter.
Besides, the character of the invention is as follows: the outer perimeter of
the parti-
tion detaching the biofilter space from the air-tank separator space, at a
distance of 0.5 to 1.5
m from each other, has holes or air bypassing valves.
At the same time, the character of the invention is as follows: for the
aeration columns
diameters of 25 to 100 mm, the height of the columns lower cuts above the
aeration zone bot-
tom is 0.05 to 0.4 m, while the distance from the outermost aeration columns
lower section to
the coupling between the flat and conic parts of the air-tank separator bottom
is 0.5 to 1.2 m.
Besides, the character of the invention is as follows: the length of the lower
leg of the
air-tank separator conic part equals half of the settling zone width plus 0.1
to 1.0 m. The
height of the partition's conic part lower section separating the aeration
zone from the settling
zone down to the bottom, is 0.5 to 1.5 m. The width of the triangular rollers
located on the
aeration zone bottom's flat section, is 0.5 to 2.0 m, while their height is
0.5 to 1.5 m. The
sludge discharging pipeline is mounted along the outer perimeter of the air-
tank separator
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bottom's conic part and has holes or fittings placed under the angle of 0 to
90 C to the pipe-
line's long axis and located at a distance of 0.2 to 1.0 in from each other.
At the same time, the character of the invention is as follows: above the
rollers there
are biological feed blocks made of plastic plates with 3 to 30 mm holes and 5
to 50 mm long
bristles, or ceramic plates that include metal compounds, with attached pivots
or plates of
various lengths (5 to 40 mm) and claws (0.1 to 1.5 mm) creating coarseness.
Besides, the character of the invention is as follows: the plant consists of 2
to 4 com-
bined biological treatment devices connected to the joint mixing chamber by
pipelines re-
moving the sludge from the aeration settling tanks. The head pipeline of the
mixing chamber
circulation pump is connected to the spray lines of the combined biological
treatment biofil-
ters.
At the same time, the character of the invention is as follows: the plant for
integrated
biochemical treatment of sewage with the organic impurities in BOD making up
to 3,000
mg/dm3 and fats up to 300 mg/dm3, includes biocoagulators-flotators, combined
biological
treatment devices, a head pipeline circulation pump mounted within the mixing
chamber of
the second combined device and connected to the spray line of the same device,
to the mixing
chamber of the first combined device and to the water jet aerator of the
biocoagulator-flotator
or to the excess sludge treatment device. The aerator's feed chamber has 0.3m
to 1.5m long
aeratic columns, their canting angles to the pintle being 0 to 50 C, and
tangential fittings.
Besides, the character of the invention is as follows: the plant for
integrated bio-
chemical treatment of sewage with the organic impurities in BOD making up to
50,000
mg/dm3, sulphuretted hydrogen and hydrosulfides, ammonium nitrogen up to 100
Mg/dm 3,
includes (for the impurities concentrations in BOD up to 3,000 mg/dm3)
mechanical treat-
ment devices, and (up to 50,000 mg/dm3 in BOD) anaerobic bioreactors, sewage-
and-sludge
mixing chamber with circulation pumps and combined biological treatment
devices, with the
sewage driving pipeline connected to the mixing chambers of the combined
biological treat-
ment devices. The head pipeline circulation pump mounted in the mixing chamber
of the first
combined device, is connected to both the spray line and the mixing chamber of
the second
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combined device. Above all the head pipeline circulation pump mounted in the
mixing cham-
ber of the second combined device is connected to the spray line of the same
device, to the
mixing chamber of the first combined device, and to the excess sludge
treatment device.
At the same time, the character of the invention is as follows: the anaerobic
bioreactor
device has circulating liquid distribution pipes sunk by 0.3 m to 2.5 m,
mounted under cant-
ing angles of 0 to 70 C to the pintle and provided with tangentional
fittings.
Besides, the character of the invention is as follows: the mixing chambers of
the first
and/or second combined plants are connected to the hydrogen peroxide driving
pipelines at-
tached to them.
However, the character of the invention is as follows: installation is
additionally
equipped with denitrifiers and / or post-treatment bioreactor with artificial
feed. Mixer is in-
stalled on the pipeline disposing clarified liquid from the first and / or the
second combined-
plants to denitrifiers. Force main of the first and / or the second combined
plants' circulating
pumps and pipelines feeding coagulant solution are attached to this mixer.
Besides, the character of the invention is as follows: the bioreactor feed is
made of
plastic or ceramic sheets with pivots or 10 to 100 mm long plates with 3 to 30
mm holes. The
distances between the pivots or plates and the diameters of the holes
gradually reduce from
the top of the feed to its bottom. The sheets, pivots or plates have claws of
0.1 to 1.5 mm. The
feed material includes metal compositions.
At the same time, the character of the invention is as follows: the plant
additionally
includes a sorption filter with a feed able of phosphate chemical adsorption,
this filter con-
nected to the combined biological treatment device and/or denitrifier and/or
bioreactor.
Besides, the character of the invention is as follows: the plant additionally
includes an
excess sludge treatment device whose thickener has pipelines leading from the
combined bio-
logical treatment device, and/or biocoagulator, and/or anaerobic bioreactor.
The thickener is
connected to the belt filter press whose dehydrated cake driving device is
connected to the
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grainer, where also attached is a delivery line (for organic and/or mineral
additives). The
granule driving device is connected to the roller conveyor provided with
electric heating ele-
ments, and/or to microwave frequency radiators successively mounted to the
holding tank.
And finally, the character of the invention is as follows: In the installation
for deep
biological wastewater treatment the air ducts from the combined biological
treatment devices,
excess sludge treatment devices, bioreactors, integrated mechanical treatment
device rooms
and sand catchers are successively connected to the sucking fitting of a high
pressure fan
whose head air duct is in its turn connected to the irrigation chamber of the
air treatment de-
vice. The device is equipped with a spray line connected to the circulation
pump whose suck-
ing fitting is connected to the air-fit section of the device. Above the air-
fit section there is the
devices' clip-on section filled with artificial feed, a collecting tray with
direct air feeding
pipes (their length is 1.2 - 2.5 in, they are 0.4 to 0.7 in sunk within the
liquid of the air-fit
section and filled in their lower section with small diameter pipes) and water
jet air ejection
pipes that are attached to drain tank and are located at 0.6 to 1.8 m above
the liquid and sunk
within the liquid by 1 to 3 m. The air treatment device has a connection to
the nat ium
hypochlorite solution tank, odorant solution tank and air duct in its turn
connected to the
water-drop eliminator that is successively connected to the activated carbon
filter and ultra-
violet disinfection unit.
The proof of the invention embodiment is shown by the definite examples of the
vari-
ants of the plant for integrated biochemical treatment of the sewage of
various contents of or-
ganic impurities, sulphuretted hydrogen, hydrosulfides, and ammonium nitrogen.
These typi-
cal examples not at all restrict other versions of the invention, but only
explain its essence.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The definite examples of the variants of the sewage biochemical treatment
plant are
explained graphically, where:
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Fig. 1 schematically shows a variant of a flow scheme for an integrated sewage
biochemical
treatment plant, the impurities concentration in BOD being up to 1.000 mg/dm3
and sus-
pended matters up to 700 mg/dm3;
Fig. 2: scaled-up section of the biofilter shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3: section A-A of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4: scaled-up section of the biofilter collecting tray and drain collector
shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 5: section B-B of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6: foreground of the biofilter feed corrugated ceramic sheet;
Fig. 7: section of a single corrugated ceramic sheet;
Fig. 8: section of several ready-fitted sheets;
Fig. 9: scaled-up fragment of a ceramic sheet from area IX of FIG. 7;
Fig. 10: section of a biofilter feed spheric element;
Fig. 11: scaled-up section A-A of the air-tank separator with triangular
rollers, biological feed
blocks, aeration columns and sludge driving pipeline;
Fig. 12: section B-B of Fig. 2;
Fig. 13: foreground of a bioreactor feed sheet;
Fig. 14: section of a bioreactor feed sheet;
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Fig. 15: schematically shows a variant of a flow scheme for an integrated
sewage biochemical
treatment plant, the impurities concentration in BOD being up to 1,500
mg02/dm3, suspended
matters up to 700 mg/dm3, total sulphuretted hydrogen and hydrosulfides,
ammonium nitro-
gen up to 100 mg/dm3;
Fig. 16: schematically shows a universal variant of a flow scheme for an
integrated sewage
biochemical treatment plant, the organic impurities BOD being 1,500 to 3,000
mg02/dm3,
suspended matters up to 1,500 mg/dm3 and fats up to 300 mg/dm3, as well as a
plant for the
organic impurities concentrations in BOD equaling 3,000 to 50,000 mg/dm3;
Fig. 17: excess sludge treatment flow scheme;
Fig. 18: flow scheme of the used air treatment device;
Fig. 19: scaled-up section of the direct air delivery pipes.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The plant for deep biochemical treatment of the sewage whose BOD reaches 1.000
mg/dm3 and suspended matters 700 mg/dm3, includes sewage feeding pipeline 1
connected to
integrated mechanical treatment device 2 which is in its turn connected by a
pipeline to verti-
cal sand catcher 3. The collecting tray of vertical sand catcher 3 is
connected by a drain pipe-
line to mixing chamber 4 combined with biological treatment devices 5.
Combined biological
treatment devices 5 consist of biofilters 6 with feed 7 provided with spray
lines 8, collecting
trays 9, and drain collectors 10. The drain collectors have aeratic columns 11
attached to
them, which are sunk in aeration zones 12 of aeration tank-settlers 13. The
partition separating
the biofilter space from the air-tank separator space, should have valves or
holes for air bypass
14. Aeration settling tanks 13 of aeration zones 12 are separated from
settling zones 15 by
partitions 16. The outer perimeter of the conic part of the bottom of air-tank
separator 13 has
sludge draining pipeline 17. Sludge draining pipelines 17 are connected to
mixing chamber 4
that has circulation pump 18. Head pipeline 19 is connected to both spray
lines 8 of combined
biological treatment devices 5 and to excess sludge treatment device 20.
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The collecting trays mounted in settling zones 15 are connected by a gravity
pipeline
with bioreactors 21. The bioreactor includes aeration chamber 22 with water
jet aerator 23
and pump 24. In its turn, pump 24 is connected to head pipeline 25 with water
jet aerator 23,
mixing chamber 4 and spray line 26 of bioreactor 21. Aeration chamber 22 is
separated by a
partition from the sunk filter containing feed 27. Combined biological
treatment devices 5
and bioreactors 21 are connected by air ducts 28 to fan 29 of used air
treatment device 30.
Biofilter 6 spray line structure includes head pipeline with shutter 31,
distributing
trays 32 with gates 33, emptying fittings 34 and reflecting disks 35. Primary
emptying fittings
34 have training plates 36 before them. Trays 32 are equipped with helium-neon
lasers 37.
The bottom of drain collector 10 has welded sockets 38 whose lower parts have
screwed-in aeratic columns 11, and upper parts have fittings 39. During pure
water hydraulic
testing, they mark the water level upon the fittings, then the fittings are
screwed out, beveled
and then screwed in sockets 38 again. Fittings 39 have heliciform hollows. The
drain collec-
tor is equipped with training reflector 40 and actuator access 41.
The biofilters feed is made of corrugated ceramic sheets 42 with a frame of
parallel
and wavy longitudinal bands 43. Some part of longitudinal bands 44 are shaped
as wavy parti-
tions. The surface of sheets 42, except for bands 43, is characterized by
evident coarseness,
i.e. claws 45.
Ii
The artificial feed for biofilters may be feed elements 46 made as spheres
with cavities
on their surface 47, whose axes cross in the center of the sphere.
The combined biological treatment devices have a bottom of air-tank separator
13
separated into cells by triangular rollers 48 that have blocks with biological
feed 49 above
them. The flat sections of aeration tank 13 bottom have aeratic columns 50.
The outer perime-
ter of the conic part air-tank separator 13 bottom has sludge draining
pipeline 17 with evenly
located holes or fittings 51.
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The collecting tray of air-tank separator 13 is connected by a pipeline to
bioreactor 21.
Artificial feed 27 of bioreactor 21 is made of plastic or ceramic sheets 52
that have pivots or
plates 53 attached to them. The sheets are made with holes 54. The sheets,
pivots or plates
have claws 55.
The pending variant of a plant for integrated treatment of household and
industrial
sewage with the content of organic impurities in BOD making up to 1,500
mg/dm3, suspended
matters up to 700 mg/dm3, total sulphuretted hydrogen and hydrosulfides,
ammonium nitro-
gen up to 100 mg/dm3, also includes sewage driving pipeline 1, integrated
mechanical treat-
ment device 2, sand catcher 3, and mixing chamber 4 with circulation pump 18
installed in-
side it. Mixing chamber 4 is connected by a free-flow pipeline to first
combined biological
treatment device 56. In its turn, the collecting tray of combined device 56 is
connected by a
pipeline to mixing chamber 57 of second biological treatment device 58.
Pipeline 59 running
to mixing chambers 4 and 57 connects mixing device tank 60 with hydrogen
peroxide solu-
tion. Head pipeline 61 of circulation pump 18, mounted in mixing chamber 4, is
connected to
spray line of the biofilter of combined biological treatment device 56, mixing
chamber 57 of
device 58 and mixer 62. Biofilter of device 56 is filled with feed of
spherical elements 46.
Head pipeline 63 of circulation pump 18, mounted in mixing chamber 57, is
connected to
biofilter spray line of device 58 and to mixing chamber 4. Head pipeline 63 is
connected to
mixer 62 mounted at the clarified liquid driving pipeline, and to excess
sludge treatment de-
vice 20. Mixer 62 also has coagulant solution feeding pipeline 64 running from
mixing device
tank 65 connected to it. In its turn mixer 62 is connected by a pipeline to
denitrifier with me-
chanical mixer 66. The collecting tray of the denitrifier settling zone is
connected to bioreac-
tor aeration chamber 21 with artificial feed 27. In its turn, the bioreactor
is connected to sorp-
tion filter 67. Envisaged is disinfection and deodoration of the biochemically
used air in de-
vice 30.
In case of purifying industrial sewage whose organic impurities make in BOD
1,500 to
3,000 mgO2/dm3, suspended matters up to 1,500 mg/dm3 and fats up to 300
mg/dm3, the flow
scheme includes sewage driving pipeline 1, integrated mechanical treatment
device 2, sand
catcher 3 and sewage pumping facility 68. The pump head pipeline is connected
to the feed
chamber of biocoagulator-flotator 69. In its turn, the clarified liquid
pipeline is connected to
14
CA 02771997 2012-03-14
mixing chamber 4 of first combined biological treatment device 56 and to
mixing chamber 57
of second combined biological treatment device 58. Head pipeline 63 of
circulation pump 18
mounted in mixing chamber 57, is simultaneously connected to biofilter spray
line of device
58, mixing chamber 4, feed chamber of the water jet aerator of biocoagulator-
flotator 69 and
to excess sludge treatment device 20.
If the organic impurities concentrations make in BOD 3,000 to 50,000 mg/dm3,
the
head pipeline of pumping facility 68 is connected to the feed chamber of
biocoagulator-
flotator 69 or to anaerobic bioreactor 70. In its tam the anaerobic bioreactor
is connected to
mixing chambers 4 and 57. If the flow scheme lacks biocoagulator-flotator,
head pipeline 63
of circulation pump 18, mounted in mixing chamber 57, is only connected to the
biofilter
spray line of device 58, to mixing chamber 4, and to excess sludge treatment
device 20.
Depending on the- accepted flow scheme, the excess sludge pipelines run from
com-
bined biological treatment devices 5, 58, denitrifier 66, biocoagulator 69,
and anaerobic biore-
actor 70 to thickener 71 of excess sludge treatment device 20. The same way
runs reagents
(coagulant and/or flocculant) delivery line 72. The thickened settlings
pipeline is connected to
belt filter press 73 which is in its turn connected to grainer 74, where also
connected is or-
ganic and/or mineral additives delivery line 75. The granule driving device is
connected to
roller conveyor 76, the rollers having electric heating elements, or heating
elements 77 located
under the transporter. The transporter has microwave radiators 78. There also
is granule col-
lecting holding tank 79.
Used air treatment device 30 for the plants includes air ducts 28 connected to
the
sucking fitting of high pressure fan (HPF) 29. Head air duct of HPF 29 is in
its turn con-
nected to irrigation chamber 80 of air treatment device 30. Device 30 is
provided with spray
line 81 connected to circulation pump 82 whose sucking fitting is connected to
its air-fit sec-
tion 83. Air-fit section 83 has clip-on section 84 above it filled with
artificial feed, as well as
collecting tray 85 with direct air feeding pipes 86 mounted in it. Pipes 86
are 1.2 to 2.5 in
long, sunk 0.4 to 0.7 in deep into the liquid of the air-fit section and
filled in their lower sec-
tion with small diameter pipes 87. Water jet air ejection pipes 88 are
connected to drain col-
lector 89, mounted at a height of 0.6 to 1.8 m above the liquid and sunk in
the liquid to 1 to 3
CA 02771997 2012-03-14
in. Air treatment device 30 has tank 90 with natrium hypochlorite solution,
odorant solution
tank 91 and air duct 92 connected to it. Air duct 92 is in its turn connected
to water-drop
eliminator 93 which is successively connected to activated carbon filter 94
and ultraviolet
disinfection unit 95.
The described integrated sewage biochemical treatment plant functions as
follows.
In case of integrated treatment of household and industrial sewage with the
content of
organic impurities in BOD making up to 1.000 mgO2/dm3, suspended matters up to
700
mg/dm3, the sewage is by pipeline 1 driven to integrated mechanical treatment
device 2 with 2
to 4 mm crevices, where particulate pollutants are caught. Then the sewage
gets to vertical
sand catcher 3 where the sand precipitates. After that the sewage gets to
mixing chamber 4,
and then to combined biological treatment device 5. The sludge from aeration
zones 12 gets
(under hydrostatic pressure) to mixing chamber 4 through free-flow pipelines
17. In case the
described sewage biochemical treatment plant employs 2 to 4 combined
biological treatment
devices, then it has single circulation pump 18. This is conditioned by the
constructive re-
quirements for treatment plants, handling the hydrodynamic flows in the
biofilters and aera-
tion settling tanks, as well as temporary shutdowns of some elements. A large
number of
combined biological treatment devices and single circulation pump 18 makes it
too difficult to
control the hydrodynamic mode of biofilters and aeration settling tanks. A
semi-industrial in-
vestigation has shown that if the number of the combined biological treatment
devices is 4 to
6, it is advisable to make the mixing chamber of the treatment plants unit
with two simultane-
ously working pumps dividing them with leaf gate partitions.
From mixing chamber 4 the sewage is driven through head pipeline 19, by
circulation
pump 18, to spray line 8 of biofilters 6. Pipeline 19 also drives excess
sludge to device 20.
Valves 31 mounted at head pipelines control the sewage flow-rate to each
distributing tray
32. As the sludge mixture gets to narrow distributing trays 32 at the initial
sections, especially
as circulation pump 18 is switched on, there is rough undulatory motion in the
trays, which
may result in the liquid run over the edges. Reduction of the liquid pressure
and its flow lev-
eling in the trays is all done with the help of gates 33. Due to the liquid
high speed at the trays
initial sections, hampered is the drain of the liquid to first drain fittings
34. To reduce the
16
CA 02771997 2012-03-14
stream turbulence before the initial fittings, there are training plates 36
favoring the drain of
the liquid to the fittings holes.
The liquid flow through the fittings is controlled by way of altering the
fittings height
above the trays bottoms. At the same time one should try to reduce the length
of the fittings
as it reduces the amount of the biomass attached inside the fittings and
correspondingly raises
their delivery capacity. The recommended length of the fittings mounted at the
beginnings
and ends of the trays is 2 to 6 diameters. The density of the falling jets is
raised due to the
hollows of drain fittings 34 made as 1 to 1.5 revolution spirals with a height
of less than 0.7
diameters.
The optimal proportion between the consumption of power for spray line work
and ir-
rigation evenness defines the following parameters of the system: in case the
distance from
the upper ends of the emptying fittings of the trays of the spray line to the
reflecting disks is
0.8 to 2 in, the distances between the centers of the trays and the distances
between the axes
of the fittings should stay within the limits of 0.6 to 1.8 in.
The biofilters feed of devices 5 is made of corrugated ceramic plates 42.
Inclusion of
metal compounds in the material raises the electrokinetic potential of the
material adsorptive
layer. Electrostatic adhesion immobilizes the colonies of microorganisms.
Frame 43 of thick-
enings is made as parallel and longitudinal bands and longitudinal bands with
outstanding
wavy partitions 44 provides strength of the construction as the weight of the
biomass layer
grows. The attached microflora layer is directly influenced by the coarseness
made as claws
45 (0.1 to 1.5 mm). Reduction of bands 43 coarseness down to 0.1 to 0.5 mm
reduces cohe-
sion with the feed material, which alongside with wavy partitions 44 favors
reduction of size
of the possible silting zones and excess biomass discharge.
The feed surface forms a layer of attached biomass whose thickness reaches 10
mm,
which (apart from the microflora sorbing and oxidizing the organic
understratum - 50 to 70%
of the solved organic matters) develops nitrifying and denitrifying
microorganisms.
17
CA 02771997 2012-03-14
Inclusion of metal particles in feed 7 material raises the electrokinetic
effect which in-
creases the potential of the adsorptive feed layer. A semi-industrial testing
showed compact
biomass accumulation (whose thickness reached 5 to 7 mm) on the sheets with
metal com-
pounds electroacoustical sputtering due to implantation in the feed surface
layer of various
compounds like carbides, carbonitrides, intermetals, etc. These metal
inclusions are catalyz-
ers raising the dynamic activity of the microorganisms. The feed active
centers sorb reacting
substance molecules, their concentration raises, which positively effects the
adhesion of the
surface layer. Combination of the structural-mechanical, kinetic and
electrical factors stabi-
lizes nitrification and denitrification thus raising the degradation level of
the nitrogen-
containing impurities in the plant.
Laser radiation treatment of the circulating sewage and active sludge mixture
in the
biofilters spray line trays with the help of helium-neon lasers 37 in a
scanning mode stimu-
lates the growth of the active biomass bacteria, especially the growth of the
nitrifying and de-
nitrifying microorganisms. Test sludge radiation treatment with helium-neon
lasers, the
wave-length being 632.8 nm., during 3 minutes showed a 5.9 time growth of
bacteria number
within 1 hour after the treatment. Rise of the microorganisms biological
activity reduces the
negative effect of the microflora overload in case of an abrupt rise of
organic and hydraulic
plant loads.
The sewage-and-sludge mixture, after it has passed feed 7 of biofilters 6, is
collected
with the help of trays 9 and driven to drain collectors 10. Disorganized drain
of liquid, insuf-
ficient distance between the centers of the upper cuts of aeration columns 11,
deviation in the
fittings heights above the drain collectors bottoms, all cause chaotic
movement of liquid,
which results in a lower effectiveness of air entraining in the aeration
columns. That is why
the upper section of the drain collectors should have training reflectors 40
to accept and drive
down the liquid flow. Pressure extinction favors even liquid flow to the upper
cuts of the
aeration columns. The recommended distance between the columns cuts of 25 to
100 mm di-
ameter in the upper section within the limits of 50 to 500 mm reduces the
turbulence of the
liquid flows in collectors 10 and favors its even distribution between the
columns. Exact ori-
entation of the upper cuts of the columns on the water level is done by way of
fittings 39
screwing in and out, and beveling. Strong vortex cavities for sucking air in
aeratic columns
18
CA 02771997 2012-03-14
11 are favored by heliciform inner hollows in fittings 39 since they stabilize
clockwise revo-
lutions as the liquid flows into the pipes. As shown by a semi-industrial
investigation, the op-
timal height of rifling is between 0.5 diameter. Fittings 39 are mounted and
aeration columns
11 cleaned through accesses 41.
The effectiveness of air oxygen mass transfer into the liquid and aeration
zone content
stirring depends on the following major factors: aeration columns diameter,
liquid capacity
(m3/h), proportion between the aeration columns height above the liquid and
the height of the
columns sunk section, aeration zone depth, columns placement in the aeration
zone and air-
tank separator configuration.
The aeration columns inner diameters are recommended to stay between 40 and 70
mm. 25 to 40 mm diameters are also acceptable for smaller capacity range
plants, yet in this
case the m3/h capacity and the amount of the involved air are especially badly
influenced by
the fact that the inside of the pipes biocenosis' fouling is R 1.5 mm, due to
which the pipes
should be regularly cleaned. Application of 70 to 100 mm diameters (with a
larger bypass
through the columns) also provides a higher coefficient of mass transfer (CS)
within the pipes
capacity (for example if dy is 70 mm q = 9 to 19 m3/h), yet this reduces the
stirring effective-
ness of the whole content of the aeration zone. To provide sufficient shock of
the air-water
torches on the bottom, the recommended design liquid flow (m3/h) through the
columns
should be not less than half of the total of the minimum and maximum
capacities forming
vortex cavities.
Proceeding from the optimum values: power consumption for liquid circulation
through the biofilter to the aeratic columns - the aeration tank - the mixing
chamber, the
treatment plant construction depth and aeration columns maintenance, the
recommended
height of the columns above the liquid level in the aeration tank for the
combined biological
treatment devices capacity range of 5 to 50 m3/day, is 1.2 to 1.8 m, the
columns sunk section
is recommended to stay between 1.5 and 2 in, while the columns lower cuts
height above the
bottom should stay between 0.05 and 0.2 m; if the capacity range is 100 to
15,000 m3/day, the
columns upper section height should be between 2 and 3.5 m, the columns sunk
section height
between 2.5 and 4 m, the columns lower cuts height above the bottom between
0.15 and 0.4
19
CA 02771997 2012-03-14
in. The distance between the lower cuts of the adjacent aeration columns (25
to 100 mm) and
those columns mounted diagonally should be 0.5 to 3 in. To reduce the size of
the aeration
tank's bottom recommended are triangular rollers 48 mounted at the flat
section of the aera-
tion zone bottom. The optimum size of rollers 48, proceeding from the
conditions of the reac-
tion zone maximum size, sludge liquid stirring effectiveness and avoidance of
sludge deposi-
tion, are as follows: width 0.5 to 2.0 m; height 0.5 to 1.5 in. In case of
sedimentation of sludge
flakes within settling zone 15 of air-tank separator 13 there can be formed
stagnant zones
where -the conic and flat sections of the aeration tank's bottom articulate,
with further decay
and emersion of defunct sludge. That is why the minimum distance from the
lower ends of the
outermost columns of 25 to 50 mm diameter to the comer should not exceed 0.5
to 0.7 in,
while for 50 to 100 mm diameters the same should not exceed 0.7 to 1.2 in. The
length of the
lower leg of settling zone 15 conic part should make one half of the settling
zone width plus
0.1 to 1.0 in. At the same time the distance from the bottom of the conic part
of the partition
separation aeration and settling zones, to the bottom should make 0.5 to 1.5
in. To prevent
reduction of the shock of the gas-and-liquid flows leaving the lower ends of
aeration columns
11, the sludge mixture pipeline and correspondingly deterioration of the
hydrodynamical con-
ditions of stirring the content of air-tank separator 13, pipeline 17 is
mounted beyond the out-
ward perimeter of the conic part of the air-tank separator bottom with holes
or fittings 51 lo-
cated under the angle of 0 to 90 to the long axis of the pipeline and at a
distance of 0.2 to 1.0
in from each other.
In case followed are all the mentioned parameters of aeration columns and air-
tank
separator structural devices placement, the water-air torches shock on the
aeration zone bot-
tom, the hydrodynamical movement of the fluid flows, and air bubbles emersion
exclude any
active sludge deposition and decay.
To fasten and develop the microflora oxidizing the organic matters and
carrying out
nitrification, the aeration zones reservoirs of the aeration settling tanks of
the combined bio-
logical treatment devices have, above rollers 48, biological feed blocks 49
made of plastic
plates with holes. of 3 to 30 mm and 5 to 50 mm long bristles. Blocks 49 may
also be made of
ceramic sheets with holes of 3 to 30 mm and claws shaped as 5 to 40 mm long
pivots or
plates. The sheets, pivots or plates have evident coarseness in the form of
claws. This coarse-
CA 02771997 2012-03-14
ness favors immobilized microflora attachment on the feed surface. Inclusion
of metal com-
pounds in the material raises the electrostatic adhesion of microflora, which
alongside with
the reduction of turbulence of the liquid flows inside the feed, favors older
nitirifying sludge
development. Reduction of the liquid flows turbulence in the feed reduces
carrying-out of the
adapted active sludge. The concentration of the active biomass within sunk
feed 49 may reach
g/dm3.
The reaction volumes of the aeration and settling zones oxidize the rest part
of the or-
ganic impurities (30 to 50%) under low loads upon the sludge z 0.1 to 0.2 g-
BOD/gs1udge day,
mineralization of the waste biomass of the biofilters feeds. The ash content
of the sludge dur-
ing developed nitrification and partial denitrification equals 33 to 42%, the
average water
yielding capacity specific resistance is 38 to 45.10-10 cm/g. The excess
sludge contains carbon,
nitrogen, phosphorus and trace elements, is characterized by high
mineralization, fine water
yielding capacity, does not decay and thus, after additional treatment, may be
used as a fertil-
izer.
The purified water is drained from settling zones 15 to the collecting trays
and driven
to integrated sewage afterpurification bioreactors 21, where, in aeration
chambers 22, is addi-
tionally saturated with dissolved oxygen with the help of water jet aerators
23 and circulation
pumps 24. Pumps 24 are equipped with flexible hoses controlling the sinking
depth. After
that the water passes feed layer 27.
The bioreactors feed may be made of plastic or ceramic plates 52 with attached
10 to
100 mm long pivots or plates 53 and 3 to 30 mm diameter holes 54. These holes
optimize the
hydrodynamic mode of the liquid inside the bioreactor at biomass swells (which
raises the
feed volume application factor). The feed surface develops specific biocenosis
using during
its lifetime the residual concentrations of the organic matters and ammonium
nitrogen. The
coarseness (claws 55) favors immobilized microflora better attachment. To
intensify attached
biomass formation on the feed surface, the feed is activated by way of
inclusion of metal
compounds into its composition. The liquid driven from devices 5 to
bioreactors 21 also con-
tains light flakes of defunct sludge. As the water moves through feed 27, the
flakes are physi-
cally caught due to liquid filtering through biocenosis, which is favored by
smaller distances
21
CA 02771997 2012-03-14
between the pivots or plates in the feed upper section (3 to 5 mm) and
formation of a 1 to 1.5
mm thick microflora layer in them.
The attached microflora formed on the surface of feed 27 sorbs and oxidizes
the re-
sidual organic impurities and further transforms the nitrogen-containing
compounds. These
biological processes are supplied with required air oxygen with the help of
pump 24 and wa-
ter-jet aerator 23. As suspended matters accumulate, bioreactors 21 are
partially emptied and
the feed regenerated with the help of spray line 26 and pump 24. Then the pump
is sunk in
the bioreactor pit and the liquid pumped away through pipeline 25 to mixing
chamber 4 of
devices 5.
Pipeline 19 delivers all excess sludge to excess sludge treatment device 20.
The air
from integrated mechanical treatment device rooms 2, sand catchers 3, combined
biological
treatment devices 5, bioreactors 21 and devices 20, is taken away by fan 29
and driven to
used air treatment device 30.
In case of integrated treatment of household and industrial sewage with the
content of
organic impurities in BOD making up to 1,500 mg02/dm3, suspended matters up to
700
mg/dm3, sulphuretted hydrogen and hydrosulfides, ammonium nitrogen up to 100
mg/dm3,
the sewage is driven through pipeline I to integrated mechanical treatment
device 2, and then
to sand catcher 3. From the collecting tray of sand catcher 3 the waste water
gets to mixing
chamber 4 where it is mixed together with the circulating sludge liquid of
first combined bio-
logical treatment devices 56 and with 30 to 35% hydrogen peroxide solution
driven through
pipeline 59 from mixing device tank 60. Then the mixture of sewage, sludge and
reagent is
pumped by circulation pump 18 to head pipeline 61 to the spray line of
biofilter devices 56.
After that the liquid passes the feed of biofilter 46, is drained to aeratic
columns, and then
mixed with the active sludge of the air-tank separator. Introduction of a
reagent in device 56
oxidizes sulphuretted hydrogen and hydrosulfides turning them into colloid
sulphur and sul-
phates and reducing their inhibitory effect on the biocenosis. Above all,
according to the in-
vestigations, the concentration of the oxygen dissolved in the waste water
rises up to 5 to 6
mg/dm3, which intensifies biological treatment. Introduction of hydrogen
peroxide in the
mixing chamber of the first combined biological treatment device is advisable
if the restored
22
CA 02771997 2012-03-14
sulphur compounds concentration exceeds 20 mg/dm3. The hydrogen peroxide doze
was em-
pirically defined taking into account the initial concentration of the
restored sulphur com-
pounds, and it makes 10 to 100 mg/dm3.
In case of multiple irrigations and contacts between the waste liquid and the
biocenosis
of the biofilter feed surface, and active sludge of the reaction zone of the
air-tank separator (1
to 3 hours), sulphuretted hydrogen undergoes degasification, the restored
sulphur compounds
are reagentally and biochemically oxidized, the organic impurities are
biodegraded 50 to 70%
in BOD, and there is partial denitrification (10 to 15%). The formation of a
specific micro-
flora (sulphur-bacteria, filamentous, thionyl microorganisms, anammocs-
bacteria) sorbing and
oxidizing hydrosulfides, as well as carrying out partial denitrification in
biofilter devices 56,
is favored by spheric elements 46 with 8 cavities 47 whose axes meet in the
center of the
sphere. Microflora attachment and development is favored by the coarseness of
the feed ele-
ments surface (0.1 to 1.5 mm), reduction of turbulence and longer time of
contact between the
defluent liquid and the biomass of the feed reservoirs. Advisable also is to
use elements with 4
to 10 cavities. Long-term industrial investigations have shown that the
optimal diameter of the
spherical elements is 70 mm as in this case the feed is not silted. At the
same time, as purified
is sewage with the content of the organic impurities in BOD less than 100
mg/dm3, one can
use feed elements of a minimum diameter of 35 mm, even if BOD concentrations
exceed 300
mg/dm3 to 100 mm. In the production of elements for electrostatic adhesion and
catalytic ef-
fect on microflora, it is advisable to use clays with a high iron and
aluminium content. The
ceramic feed material may additionally include high-melting metal
compositions.
Pumping into inlet chamber 4 of first device 56 of some part of the
circulation liquid
from head pipeline 63 of second device 58 reduces organic matters load on the
biocenosis of
first device 56 (thus microflora overload is avoided). The excess biomass
containing signifi-
cant amounts of adsorbed unoxidized organic matters of device 56 is
mineralized in device
58. With this purpose the introduced sludge is pumped through pipeline 61 to
mixing chamber
57 of device 58.
After that the clarified liquid of settling zone device 56 is driven to mixing
chamber 57
of device 58. At the same place, through pipeline 1, driven is some part of
the initial sewage,
23
CA 02771997 2012-03-14
and through pipeline 59 driven is hydrogen peroxide solution of reservoir 60.
Introduction of
hydrogen peroxide to mixing chamber 57 of second device 58 is advisable in
case the residual
restored sulphur compound after the first combined device exceeds 5 mg/dm3.
Then the mix-
ture of sewage, sludge and reagent is pumped through head pipeline 63 with the
help of circu-
lation pump 18 to the spray line of device 58 biofilter, where the remaining
part of the organic
impurities is further sorbed and oxidized. At this stage and in case the
organic matters load on
the sludge is low (0.05 to 0.2 kg/BOD per 1 kg of ash free substance), there
is complete or-
ganic impurities oxidation and fine nitrification and partial denitrification
of nitrogen-
containing compounds. The period of the sewage stay is 4 to 7 hours. To
activate biological
treatment in case of microflora overload within device 56, 10 to 30% of the
circulating liquid
is pumped from head pipeline 63 of combined biological treatment second device
58 to mix-
ing chamber 4 of device 56. If the content of ammonium nitrogen in the initial
sewage ex-
ceeds 30 mg/dm3, the denitrifier 66 substratum is some part of sludge mixture
of device 58,
which is pumped through head pipeline 63 to mixer 62. The sludge liquid is
also partially
pumped from pipeline 63 to excess sludge treatment device 20.
The biofilters feed of devices 56, 58 may be made of spherical elements 46
and/or cor-
rugated ceramic plates 42.
To attach and develop the microflora oxidizing hydrosulfides and carrying out
nitrifi-
cation, biological feed blocks 49 should be installed within the reservoirs of
aeration settling
tanks zones of devices 56 and/or 58.
After that the purified waste water of the settling zone of device 58 gets to
mixer 62,
where, by circulation pump 18, also driven is the sludge liquid (substrate) of
mixing chamber
4 of first device 56, or substrate of mixing chamber 57 of second device 58.
Mixer 62 may
accept 2 to 5% of the coagulant solution for reagent removal of phosphates.
The resulting
mixture is driven through the pipeline to the denitrifier with mechanical
mixer 66. When in
the denitrifier, nitrates nitrogen is transformed into volatile nitrogen
forms. Soluble phos-
phates interact with the coagulant hydrolysis product, which results in the
formation of coagu-
late precipitating together with active sludge in the lower section of
denitrifier 66. The result
is that the waste water, after is has passed the denitrifier, reduces its
nitrite and phosphates
24
CA 02771997 2012-03-14
nitrogen concentrations. An experimental investigation has demonstrated that
the most effec-
tive coagulant is aluminium-containing coagulant modified by activated carbon.
The coagu-
lant doze in A1203, in view of the amount destined for the active sludge
sorbtion of the coagu-
lant hydrolysis products, makes 20 to 60 mg/dm3.
Coagulant introduction further intensifies dehydration in excess sludge
treatment de-
vice 20.
After that the waste water is driven through the collecting tray of
denitrifier 66 by
pipeline to aeration chamber 22 of bioreactor 21 equipped with water-jet
aerator 23 where the
volatile nitrogen is blown away and the liquid saturated with air oxygen.
Then, as the liquid
moves bottom-up, it contacts with artificial feed 27.
If the purification quality is to be raised in BOD and suspended matters up to
3
mg/dm3, phosphorus up to 0.2 mg/dm3, and ammonium nitrogen up to 0.4 Mg/dm 3,
the treat-
ment flow scheme is added by sorption filter 67. The waste water is driven to
afterpurification
filter 67 with a two-layer feed. Contacting with the first layer, the
biologically purified waste
water is freed from fine particles like sludge flakes and alumophosphates
hydroxocomplexes;
contacting with the other layer removes dissolved orthophosphates resulting
from chemical
adsorption due to the intermolecular interaction between orthophosohates and
the feed grains
surface. The feed materials of bioreactor 21 and filter 67 are regularly
regenerated with pumps
18.
The sludge and settlings of bioreactor 21 and filter 67 are driven away
through the
head pipeline of excess sludge treatment device 20 or in the mixing chamber of
devices 56
and 58.
In case of treatment of industrial sewage with the content of organic
impurities in
BOD making 1,500 to 3,000 mgO2/dm3, suspended matters up to 1,500 mg/dm3 (ash
content
exceeding 30%), and fats up to 300 mg/dm3, the sewage being first mechanically
purified in
devices 2, 3, is driven by pump station 68 to biocoagulator-flotator 69.
CA 02771997 2012-03-14
Advisability of including biocoagulators in the treatment flow scheme is
stipulated by
the following: suspended matters precipitation (50-70%); partial removal of
organic impuri-
ties (15-20%) due to the sorption properties of the removed excess sludge,
flocculation and
flotation; excess biomass and impurities compaction (7 to 15 g/dm3) before
these are driven to
the mechanical dehydration section; partial organic loads and pH averaging.
The inlet chamber of the water jet aerator of biocoagulator-flotator 69 also
receives,
through pipeline 63, the active sludge of mixing chamber 57. The feed chamber
has 0.3 to 1.5
m long aeratic columns attached to it, their canting angle to the pintle being
0 to 50 C
equipped with tangentional fittings. The liquid flow brings, through the
aeratic columns, air qb
= 0.8 m3/m3 liquid (per a single column). The sewage-and-sludge mixture is
revolved within
biocoagulator-flotator 69 with the help of columns with tangentional fittings.
The sludge-to-
water contact lasts within the flocculation chamber 8 to 20 min. Those fat
particles floating
with the air bubbles are removed by the liquid undulating movement to the
collecting tray.
The effectiveness of fat removal in the biocoagulator-flotator makes 60 to
80%. After the
flocculation chamber, the sludge mixture moves through the expansion cone to
the settling
zone where the sludge mixture is divided. After that the settled waste liquid
is driven to the
mixing chambers of combined biological treatment devices 56 and 58 where the
remaining
fats (60 to 100 mg/dm3) and dissolved organic matters are sorbed and oxidized.
In case of treatment of industrial sewage with the content of organic
impurities in
BOD making 3,000 to 50,000 mgO2/dm3, suspended matters up to 1,500 mg/dm3, the
sewage,
after its mechanical treatment, is driven through the pipeline to
biocoagulator-flotator 69
and/or directly to the lower section of anaerobic bioreactor 70.
The pipes driving liquid to device 70 are evenly placed along the perimeter,
the dis-
tances from the conic part of the bottom being 100 to 200 mm, which provides
even distribu-
tion of upward flows within bioreactor 70 and washing of the settling
anaerobic sludge. The
incoming sewage contacts with the sludge mixture (biomass concentration = 10
to 20 g/dm3)
in a counterflow mode during I to 8 hours. The sewage-and-sludge mixture is
stirred with the
help of the circulation pump intaking the settling sludge from the lower
section of the anaero-
bic bioreactor and driving it through the pipeline to the upper section of the
reactor. The
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CA 02771997 2012-03-14
sludge is introduced and its content stirred with the help of a distribution
system consisting of
several 0.3 to 2.5 m long pipes, their canting angle to the pintle being 0 to
70 C equipped
with tangential bends revolving the sludge mixture in the reactor.
The anaerobic sludge sorbs and oxidizes 50 to 70% of the organic impurities
and 60 to
80% of the suspended matters. Methane fermentation raises the concentration of
sulphuretted
hydrogen and hydrosulfides up to 100 mg/dm3 and decreases the environment pH
down to 4-
5.
After that the liquid driven from the anaerobic bioreactor is directed through
the pipe-
line to the mixing chamber of combined biological treatment devices 56, 58.
Then the sew-
age-and-sludge mixture, through head pipeline circulation pump 18 mounted in
the mixing
chamber of first combined device 56, is driven to the spray line of devices
56, as well as to the
mixing chamber of second combined device 58. Through the head pipeline of
circulation
pump 18 mounted in mixing chamber 57 of second combined devices 58, the sludge
mixture
is driven to the spray line of device 58, to mixing chamber 4, and to excess
sludge treatment
device 20. To the same places also driven is the condensed precipitate of the
conic part of bio-
coagulator 69 and/or anaerobic bioreactor 70.
The design features of combined biological treatment devices, the two-stage
scheme
with successively connected combined biological treatment devices and hydrogen
peroxide
application provide complete removal of sulphuretted hydrogen and
hydrosulfides.
Negative pH effect on aerobic purification successively decreases due to waste
liquid
repeated dilution with circulating active sludge in the mixing chambers and
sludge mixture
contacting first with the biocenoses of the biofilters adapted to low pH
values.
Depending on the accepted treatment flow scheme, device 20 has excess sludge
pipe-
lines running to it from combined biological treatment devices 5, 58,
anaerobic bioreactor 70
and denitrifier 66. There is also a possibility of connecting biocoagulator 69
to device 20. The
pipelines are connected to thickener 71 of devices 20. If there is a need to
raise the effect of
sludge and settlings thickening, to the thickener also connected is coagulants
and/or floccu-
27
CA 02771997 2012-03-14
lants delivery line 72. Then the condensed precipitate is driven to band
filter press 73, where
formed is cake of predetermined humidity of 75 to 85%. Dehydrated cake goes to
grainer 74
where also connected is delivery line for organic and/or mineral additives 75.
The organic
and mineral additives may be saw dust, sunflower seed husk and mineral
fertilizers. The
grains get from 74 to transporter rollers 76 with built-in electric heating
elements 77. Heating
elements 77 may also be placed under the roller transporter and heat the
grains. Revolving
rollers have claws moving the grains. Microwave radiators 78 mounted above the
transporter
additionally dry and dehelmintize the grains content. After that the grains
are poured in col-
lecting tank 79.
The air from the mechanical, biological treatment and aftertreatment devices
is driven
by fan 29 to air treatment device 30 where it initially passes through
irrigation chamber 80
where it contacts with sodium hypochlorite solution fed to irrigation system
81 by circulating
pump 82. Irrigation and movement of air and natrium hypochlorite solution
drops through the
artificial feed of section 84 results in interphase contacting. After that the
air, through direct
supply pipes 86, is driven to bubble section 83 where air bubbles once again
contact the solu-
tion. Availability, in the lower section of pipes 86, of smaller diameter
pipes 87, divides the
outlet air into little bubbles, which favors better surface contacting between
the phases. The
rising air, by air duct 92, gets to drop separator 93. As the liquid flows
through collecting tray
85 to drain collector 89 and after that to water jet air ejection pipes 88,
some part of the air
getting to device 30 (0.5 to 0.7 m3/m3 of the liquid) is sucked in the pipes.
Further emersion
of the air bubbles stirs the contents of air-fit section 83 and intensively
renews the gas-to-
liquid contacting surface of the whole contents. New solution is injected from
hypochlirite
tank 90. In case of emergency, odorant can be delivered from tank 91. The air,
after its wet
purification in air duct 92, gets to drop separator 93. After that the air is
driven for after-
treatment to ultraviolet disinfection devices 95.
A malfunction in sewage biochemical treatment may result in a whole process
break-
down and consequently in objectionable odors. That is why, as the treatment
plant is in emer-
gency operation, the air treatment flow scheme should include activated carbon
filters 94
which, together with odorants, completely exclude any objectionable odors.
Ejection of a lit-
tle part of small hypochlorite droplets from drop separator 93 prevents
formation of micro-
28
CA 02771997 2012-03-14
flora within the activated feed pores. Heating (feed regeneration) usually
takes place in the
post-fault period. After the air has passed carbon filters, it is driven to
ultraviolet disinfection
devices 95.
It is advisable to use the integrated sewage biochemical treatment plant for
the purifi-
cation of household and industrial sewage produced by dwelling-houses,
villages, towns and
cities, meat-packing plants, fish processing plants, canneries, cattle
breeding farms, yeast fac-
tories, breweries, sugar-mills, pulp and paper mills, chemical and
microbiological enterprises,
etc.
The level of purification of household and industrial sewage with BOD making
100 to
1,500 mg/dm3, suspended matters up to 700 mg/dm3, is 98 to 99%. In case the
sewage BOD
is only 50 to 100 mg/dm3, the plant's biofilters perform sorption and
oxidation of 70 to 80%
of the organic impurities. The biomass separated from the biofilter feed
replenishes the sus-
pended sludge layer in the air-tank separator, which brings the purification
effect up to 99%.
As shown by semi-industrial and industrial testings, the pending integrated
biochemi-
cal treatment plant provides complete removal of sulphuretted hydrogen and
hydrosulfides,
reduction of the ammonium nitrogen concentration from 100 mg/dm3 down to 0.5
mg/dm3
and phosphorus down to 0.2 mg/dm3.
Inclusion of biocoa lators-flotators in the flow scheme of sewage two-stage
biologi-
cal treatment with combined devices brings the parameters of concentrated
sewage (BOD
content up to 3,000 mg/dm3, fats up to 300 mg/dm3 and suspended matters up to
1,500
mg/dm3) to the values equaling 10 to 15 mg/dm3.
Inclusion of anaerobic bioreactors in the flow scheme of the integrated sewage
bio-
chemical treatment plant provides effective strong sewage purification (BOD
content up to
50,000 mg/dm3).
The proposed plant solves a complex problem of sewage treatment, used air
treatment
and valuable granulated fertilizer production.
1 29
CA 02771997 2012-03-14
As compared to conventional aeration plants, the consumption of the power
needed for.
biochemical treatment is 2 to 3 times less; the personnel reduces by 50 to
70%; the treatment
plants area is also 3 times less, and the sanitary-hygienic zone may be 50 to
100 in depending
on the plant capacity.
Thus, the invention relates to the purification of household and industrial
sewage with
the content of organic impurities in BOD making 50 to 50,000 mg/dm3, suspended
matters
from 50 to 1,500 mg/dm3, fats up to 300 mg/dm3, hydrosulfides and sulphuretted
hydrogen,
ammonium nitrogen up to 100 mg/dm3 and can be used for the treatment of the
waste water
produced by dwelling-houses, villages, towns and cities, meat-packing plants,
fish processing
plants, canneries, cattle breeding farms, yeast factories, breweries, sugar-
mills, pulp and paper
mills, chemical and microbiological enterprises, etc.
The objective as viewed by the designers of the new integrated sewage
biochemical
treatment plant was to create such variants that would provide efficient and
steady quality of
purification of sewage characterized by high contents of organic impurities,
sulphuretted hy-
drogen, hydrosulfides, ammonium nitrogen, and would raise the environmental
safety of the
purified sewage.
The technical result achieved by the designers as they solved the problem set
forth,
was a high level of sewage and used air purification, as well as valuable
granulated fertilizer
production.
The character of the invention is that the integrated sewage biochemical
treatment
plant containing mechanical treatment devices, a sewage-and-sludge mixing
chamber with a
circulation pump and a combined biological treatment device, including a plane
feed biofilter,
a spray line, collecting trays and drain collectors connected to water jet
aeratic columns sunk
in the aeration zones, and aftertreatment devices; the combined biological
treatment device
whose capacity is 5 to 15,000 m3/day has a biofilters spray line that includes
trays with emp-
tying fittings and reflecting disks, the distance from the trays emptying
fittings upper ends to
the disk reflectors is 0.8 to 2 m, and the distance between the trays centers
and the distance
CA 02771997 2012-03-14
between the trays fittings axes is 0.6 to 1.8 m. In case the aeration columns
diameter is be-
tween 25 and 100 mm, their height above the liquid level in the aeration
settling tanks is 1.2
to 3.5 in, and the sinking height under the liquid level is 1.5 to 4 in. At
the same time the dis-
tance between the columns upper cuts is 50 to 500 mm and the distance between
the lower
cuts of the aeration columns is 0.5 to 3 m.
31
