CA 02806061 2013-02-14
METHOD OF PREPARING DEER BONE EXTRACT HAVING INCREASED
AMOUNT OF GANGLIOSIDE
BACKGROUND
1. Field
Embodiments of the present invention relate to a method of preparing a
deer bone extract in which deer bones are subjected to extraction at normal
pressure
and extraction under pressure in order to minimize decomposition of deer bone-
derived gangliosides by heat and to increase protein extraction yield.
2. Description of the Related Art
According to Shennong classics of material medic, deer bones have a
warm temper and are sweet-tasting and non-toxic, and thus, when administered
after
boiling, the boiled deer bones are capable of treating all kinds of diseases
caused by
muscle weakness and poor bone function due to general weakness in the body.
Recently, it has been discovered that lean meat and general bones of deer
have also contain functional ingredients. In particular, analysis results show
that
deer bones contain approximately 40% gangliosides, which are known to be
contained only in deer antlers. As a result of analysis of ganglioside
ingredients, it
has been confirmed that deer bones contain 5.66 mg/g of gangliosides, male
deer
bones contain 0.77 to 2.87 mg/g of gangliosides, and elk deer bones contain
0.92 to
2.31 mg/g thereof. Gangliosides are known to maintain and activate physical
function, which activates brain cells together with hemoglobin to thus enhance
brain
function, improve memory and concentration, and boost immunity. In addition,
1
CA 02806061 2014-01-29
recent clinical data report that gangliosides improve Parkinson's symptoms and
relieve diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
A deer bone extract contains large amounts of main ingredients involved in
skeletal formation and metabolism, i.e., protein, phospholipids, and the like
and also
contains chondroitin, collagen, and the like, and thus, it helps bone and
joint health.
In addition, the deer bone extract contains inorganic components, i.e.,
calcium and
phosphorus, and thus enhances nervous system function and facilitates
metabolism.
As to research on deer bones, there have been disclosed a method of
extracting gangliosides using deer meat and deer bone (Method of preparing a
concentrate by using deer meat and deer bone and a food prepared using the
same,
Korean unexamined published Patent No.: 1020040035336), an extraction method
used to prepare a deer bone extract from which fishy odor is removed by
including
an herbal medicine (Method of preparing a deer bone extract containing an
herbal
extract, a deer bone extract prepared using the method, and food and medicines
including the deer bone extract, Korean unexamined published Patent No.:
1020050104876), an extraction method using deer antlers together (Healthy
drink
including a deer bone extract and a method of preparing the same, Korean
unexamined published Patent No.: 1020100088797), an extraction method using a
mixture of deer antlers, deer flesh, and deer bone (Method of preparing a
double-
boiled deer extract, Korean unexamined published Patent No.: 1020110069622), a
method of effectively removing fishy odor of deer bones by extracting protein
from a
deer bone extract (Method of preparing a deer bone extract, Korean unexamined
published Patent No.: 1020130119224), and the like. However, there has been no
research into a method of minimizing the decomposition of gangliosides by heat
and
increasing protein extraction yield by using deer bones alone.
SUMMARY
Therefore, it is an aspect of the present invention to provide a method of
preparing a deer bone extract in which gangliosides, which exhibit poor
thermal
2
CA 02806061 2013-02-14
_
resistance, are extracted at a maximum level by extraction at normal pressure
and
are also extracted under pressure to increase protein extraction yield, and
thus, the
amount of gangliosides and protein extraction yield are increased.
Additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the
description
which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be
learned by
practice of the invention.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a method of
preparing a deer bone extract includes performing hot water extraction on deer
bones at normal pressure, performing hot water extraction on the deer bones
under
pressure, separating oil from the extract, filtering the oil-separated
solution, and
concentrating the filtrate.
The hot water extraction at normal pressure may be performed at about 95
to about 105 C for about 3 to about 12 hours after mixing the deer bones and
purified water in a weight ratio of about 1:1.5 to about 1:7.
The hot water extraction under pressure may be performed at about 105 to
about 140 C for about 0.5 to about 12 hours after mixing the deer bones and
purified
water in a weight ratio of about 1:1.5 to about 1:4.
The oil separation may be performed using an oil separator after
maintaining the extract at about 60 to about 90 C for about 0.5 to about 4
hours.
The filtering may be performed using a 60 to 300 mesh filter.
The concentrating may be performed at about 35 to about 70 C and about
0 to about 160 mmHg.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is
provided a deer bone extract prepared using the method described above.
3
CA 02806061 2013-02-14
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and/or other aspects of the invention will become apparent and more
readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken
in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating processes of performing normal pressure
extraction, pressurized extraction, oil separation, filtration, concentration,
and
powdering of deer bones, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing changes in the total amount of gangliosides
according to temperature when deer bones are subjected to extraction,
according to
an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing changes in the total amount of gangliosides and
solid yield when deer bones are subjected to extraction at normal pressure,
according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing a yield of deer bone powder per weight (ton) of
an extractor according to the amount of water added when deer bones are
subjected
to extraction at normal pressure, according to an embodiment of the present
invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing changes in the total amount of gangliosides
according to temperature when deer bones are subjected to normal pressure
extraction, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing changes in the total amount of gangliosides and
solid yield when deer bones are subjected to extraction under pressure,
according to
an embodiment of the preset invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing changes in the total amount of gangliosides and
solid yield when deer bones are subjected to normal pressure extraction and
extraction under pressure, according to an embodiment of the present
invention; and.
4
CA 02806061 2013-02-14
FIG. 8 is a graph showing a yield of deer bone powder per weight (ton) of
an extractor according to the amount of water added when deer bones are
subjected
to extraction under pressure, according to an embodiment of the present
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of the present
invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings,
wherein
like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.
A method of preparing a deer bone extract, according to an embodiment of
the present invention, will now be described in detail.
First operation: Removal of blood from deer bones
Deer bones and purified water are mixed in a weight ratio of about 1:1.3 to
about 1:3 and blood is removed from the deer bones for about 2 to about 12
hours.
This process is repeated two to four times.
Second operation: Hot water extraction at normal pressure
The deer bones from which blood has been removed in the first operation
and purified water are mixed in a weight ratio of about 1:1.5 to about 1:7 and
subjected to extraction at about 95 to about 105 C for about 3 to about 12
hours.
When deer bones are subjected to normal pressure extraction at about 95 to
about
105 C for about 3 to about 12 hours, decomposition of gangliosides by heat may
be
minimized and the total extraction yield of gangliosides may be increased.
Third operation: Hot water extraction under pressure
The deer bones obtained after hot water extraction at normal pressure has
been performed in the second operation and purified water are mixed in a
weight
ratio of about 1:1.5 to about 1:4 and subjected to extraction at about 105 to
140 C for
5
CA 02806061 2013-02-14
about 0.5 to about 4 hours. To increase the temperature of an extraction
vessel to
about 105 to about 140 C, an inner pressure of the extraction vessel is set at
about
0.5 to about 3 atm. When the deer bones are subjected to extraction under
these
conditions, the total amount of gangliosides may be maintained at 500 ppm or
more
and solids such as protein and the like may be efficiently extracted.
Fourth operation: Oil separation
The extracts obtained after the second and third operations are maintained
at about 60 to about 90 C for about 0.5 to about 4 hours and then oil is
separated
therefrom to remove a lipid layer. When oil separation is performed under
these
conditions, foaming induced by a large amount of protein is minimized so that
oil
separation and concentration processes are easily performed.
Fifth operation: Filtration
The oil-separated solution is filtered using a vibro shifter including a 60 to
300 mesh filter. When the 60 to 300 mesh filter is used, precipitates derived
from the
deer bones may be effectively removed.
Sixth operation: Concentration
The filtrate is concentrated at about 35 to about 70 C and about 0 to about
160 mmHg. Since concentration is performed in this temperature range, heat
decomposition of total ganglioside, which is a functional ingredient, may be
minimized. In addition, since concentration is performed in such a high vacuum
(i.e.,
about 0 to about 160 mmHg), extraction efficiency of the deer bones may be
increased. Moreover, when the concentration process is performed under these
conditions, a natural color of the obtained deer bone extract may be retained
and
generation of bad odors is effectively inhibited.
Seventh operation: Drying
The concentrate may be dried to form a powder. Here, the drying method is
not particularly limited, and a general drying method such as vacuum drying,
hot air
6
CA 02806061 2013-02-14
drying, spray drying, freeze drying, or the like may be used.
One or more embodiments of the present invention will now be described
more fully with reference to the following examples and the accompanying
drawings.
However, these examples are provided for illustrative purposes only and are
not
intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
[Example 1] Preparation of extract through normal pressure extraction
500 kg of deer bones were added to an extraction vessel, 1,000 L of
purified water was added thereto, the deer bones were maintained in the
purified
water for 4 hours, the resulting solution was discarded, and blood was removed
from
the deer bones using cold water. These processes were repeated three times.
After
the blood was removed from the deer bones using cold water, 3,000 L of
purified
water was added to the deer bones and the deer bones were then subjected to
normal pressure extraction at 95 to 100 C for 4 hours.
First, to evaluate the relationship between extraction temperature and the
total amount of gangliosides, the total amount of gangliosides during
extraction at a
temperature of 100 to 180 C for 1 hour was measured and results are shown in
FIG.
2. FIG. 2 is a graph showing changes in the total amount of gangliosides
during
extraction at a temperature from about 100 to about 180 C for 1 hour. As
illustrated
in FIG. 2, the deer bone-derived ganglioside has poor thermal resistance.
Thus, it is
confirmed that high temperature extraction is not desirable if extraction of
gangliosides of deer bone is to be maximized.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing changes in the total amount and yield of
gangliosides when deer bones are subjected to extraction at normal pressure
and
100 C. As shown in FIG. 3, as extraction time increases under normal pressure,
the
total amount of gangliosides and solid yield increase. In addition, the total
amount of
gangliosides was greatest when the extraction time was 4 hours.
In addition, the relationship between the amount of water added and
extraction amount when deer bones were subjected to normal pressure extraction
7
CA 02806061 2013-02-14
was evaluated and results are shown in FIG. 4. FIG. 4 is a graph showing a
yield of
deer bone powder per weight (ton) of an extractor when deer bones were
subjected
to extraction at 100 C under normal pressure for 4 hours by varying the amount
of
water added. As shown in FIG. 4, extraction of a mixture of deer bones and
purified
water in a weight ratio of 1:1.5-7 at normal pressure was effective.
Lastly, the relationship between extraction temperature and the total
amount of gangliosides through extraction at normal pressure was evaluated,
and
results are shown in FIG. 5. FIG. 5 is a graph showing the total amount of
gangliosides when deer bones were subjected to extraction at normal pressure
for 4
hours by varying an extraction temperature and adding water 6 times the amount
of
the deer bones. As shown in FIG. 5, extraction at normal pressure and 95 to
105 C
was effective.
[Example 2] Preparation of extract through extraction under pressure
The extract obtained by extraction at normal pressure was transferred to an
oil separator, 1,500 L of purified water was added to the remaining deer
bones, and
the resulting deer bones were subjected to extraction under pressure at 120 C
for 3
hours.
The total amount of gangliosides and solid yield when the deer bones were
subjected to extraction under pressure were measured, and results are shown in
FIG.
6. As shown in FIG. 6, the solid yield was more significantly improved when
the deer
bones were subjected to extraction under pressure than when deer bones were
subjected to extraction at normal pressure.
In addition, the total amount of gangliosides and solid yield when deer
bones were subjected to extraction at normal pressure and extraction under
pressure were measured. By considering conditions for improving both the total
amount of gangliosides and solid yield with reference to FIGS. 3 and 6,
changes in
the total amount of gangliosides and solid yield when the deer bones were
subjected
to extraction at normal pressure for 6 hours and extraction under pressure for
3
hours were evaluated, and results are shown in FIG. 7. As shown in FIG. 7, it
is
8
CA 02806061 2013-02-14
confirmed that the total amount of gangliosides is greatest in extraction at
normal
pressure for 4 hours and the solid yield is considerably increased in
extraction under
pressure for 3 hours. That is, extraction may be performed such that the total
amount of gangliosides is first improved by performing extraction on deer
bones at
normal pressure and solid yield is improved by performing pressurized
extraction on
the remaining deer bones.
In addition, the relationship between the amount of water added and
extraction amount when deer bones were subjected to extraction under pressure
was evaluated, and results are shown in FIG. 8. FIG. 8 is a graph showing a
yield of
deer bone powder per weight (ton)_of an extractor when deer bones were
subjected
to extraction under pressure at 120 C for 3 hours by varying the amount of
water
added. As shown in FIG. 8, pressurized extraction of a mixture of deer bones
and
purified water in a weight ratio of 1:1.5-4 was effective.
[Example 3] Preparation of deer bone concentrate and powder
The extracts obtained after normal pressure extraction and pressurized
extraction were each maintained in an oil separator at 80 C for 1 hour and
then a
lipid layer was removed from each extract. The oil-separated solution was
filtered
using a vibro shifter including a 200 mesh filter. The filtrate was
transferred to a
concentrator and then concentrated at 60 mmHg and 55 C until the solid content
reached 40 wt%. Table 1 shows sensory evaluation results of the concentrate
obtained by concentrating the filtrate at 35 to 70 C and 0 to 160 mmHg. As
shown in
Table 1, the concentrate retained a natural color and generation of bad odors
caused
by reaction at high temperature was inhibited. A powdering process was
performed
using a vacuum dryer.
<Table 1> Sensory evaluation results according to concentration conditions
Concentration conditions
70 C, 160 mmHg or
35-70 C, 0-160 mmHg
higher
9
CA 02806061 2013-02-14
-gory
Evaluation results
Natural color!, +++
Generation of bad odors +++
[Comparative Example 1]
A deer bone extract was obtained by extraction at normal pressure alone.
The normal pressure extraction was performed under the following conditions.
500
kg of deer bones were added to an extraction vessel, 1,000 L of purified water
was
added thereto, the deer bones were maintained in the purified water for 4
hours, the
resulting solution was discarded, and blood was removed from the deer bones
using
cold water. These processes were repeated three times. After the blood was
removed from the deer bones using cold water, 3,000 L of purified water was
added
to the deer bones and the deer bones were then subjected to normal pressure
extraction at 100 C for 24 hours. Thereafter, a deer bone concentrate and
powder
were prepared in the same manner as in Example 3.
[Comparative Example 2]
A deer bone extract was obtained by extraction under pressure alone.
Pressurized extraction was performed under the following conditions. 500 kg of
deer bones were added to an extraction vessel, 1,000 L of purified water was
added
thereto, the deer bones were maintained in the purified water for 4 hours, the
resulting solution was discarded, and blood was removed from the deer bones
using cold water. These processes were repeated three times. After the blood
was
removed from the deer bones using cold water, 1,500 L of purified water was
added
to the deer bones and the deer bones were then subjected to extraction under
pressure at 120 C for 10 hours. Thereafter, a deer bone concentrate and powder
were prepared in the same manner as in Example 3.
CA 02806061 2013-02-14
. .
[Comparative Example 3]
Deer bones were first subjected to extraction under pressure and the
remaining deer bones were then subjected to normal pressure extraction to
obtain a
deer bone extract. Pressurized extraction and normal pressure extraction were
performed under the following conditions. 500 kg of deer bones were added to
an
extraction vessel, 1,000 L of purified water was added thereto, the deer bones
were
maintained in the purified water for 4 hours, the resulting solution was
discarded, and
blood was removed from the deer bones using cold water. These processes were
repeated three times. After the blood was removed from the deer bones using
cold
water, 1,500 L of purified water was added to the deer bones and the deer
bones
were then subjected to extraction under pressure at 120 C for 3 hours. The
resulting
extract was transferred to an oil separator, and 3,000 L of purified water was
added
to the remaining deer bones, which were then subjected to normal pressure
extraction at 100 C for 4 hours. Thereafter, a deer bone concentrate and
powder
were prepared in the same manner as in Example 3.
[Experimental Example]
The total amount of gangliosides and solid yield of the deer bone extracts
prepared according to Comparative Examples 1 through 3 were compared with
those
of the deer bone extract prepared according to Example 3, and comparison
results
are shown in Table 2.
Referring to Table 2, it is confirmed that the total amount of gangliosides of
the deer bone extract of Comparative Example 1 obtained by normal pressure
extraction alone is large while the solid yield thereof is considerably low,
and the total
amount of gangliosides of the deer bone extract of Comparative Example 2
obtained
by pressurized extraction alone is low while the solid yield thereof is high.
In addition,
it is confirmed that the total amount of gangliosides of the deer bone extract
of
Comparative Example 3 obtained by pressurized extraction, followed by normal
pressure extraction is small while the solid yield thereof is high. As for the
deer bone
extract of Comparative Example 3, gangliosides are thermally decomposed during
11
CA 02806061 2013-02-14
. .
. _
extraction under pressure, and thus, the total amount of gangliosides is not
significantly increased even through normal pressure extraction.
By contrast, when normal pressure extraction is first performed, followed by
extraction under pressure as in Example 3, gangliosides may be first extracted
by
the normal pressure extraction and then pressurized extraction may be
performed to
increase solid yield.
That is, when normal pressure extraction is performed alone, when
pressurized extraction is performed alone, and when pressurized extraction is
performed followed by normal pressure extraction, both the total amount of
gangliosides and the solid yield are not increased, as compared to when
extraction is
performed at normal pressure and under pressure as in the embodiment of the
present invention.
<Table 2>
Extraction Amount according to extraction
time (hr)
conditions 1 3 5 7 10
24
Comparative Total amount of
Example 1 gangliosides 1120 1180 890 750
600
(normal (IDPrn)
pressure
extraction) Solid yield (%) 0.5 2.2 2.7 3.6
3.7
Comparative Total amount of
Example 2 gangliosides 800 500 420 330
(PPrn)
(pressurized
extraction)
Solid yield (%) 4.5 10.9 11.1 11.2
Comparative Total amount of 600 670
Example 3 gangliosides
12
CA 02806061 2014-01-29
(Normal (PPrn)
pressure
extraction after
pressurized Solid yield (%) 9.5 11.2
extraction)
Total amount of
gangliosides 1,000
Example 3 (PPrn)
Solid yield (%) 11
As is apparent from the above description, a method of preparing a deer
bone extract including large amounts of gangliosides and protein includes
performing
extraction on deer bones at normal pressure and under pressure, filtering the
resulting extract, and powdering the filtrate.
By using the method described above, the amount of ganglioside, which is
a functional ingredient of deer bones, may be increased, protein of deer bones
may
be extracted at an optimum level, a deer bone extract may be prepared using an
efficient and effective manufacturing process at low manufacturing costs
within a
short period of time, and a deer bone extract which has high productivity and
includes large amounts of factors for growth promotion, joint health, memory
improvement, and immunity boost may be obtained.
The scope of the claims should not be limited by the specific embodiments
set forth herein, but should be given the broadest interpretation consistent
with the
description as a whole.
13
