Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
CA 02816105 2013-05-22
SUPPORT FOR MOUNTING PLATFORM STRUCTURE, AND METHOD OF
ERECTING PLATFORM STRUCTURE
FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to supports for mounting platforms
around tree trunks or the like, platform structures and methods for erecting
such
supports and structures.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Platform structures, such as tree houses, stands, lofts and the like
may be supported on or around tree trunks or similar support posts.
Conventionally, such structures may be secured to trees using a rigid ring of
fixed diameter, with fasteners such as screws or clamps to grip the tree.
Existing supports may provide stability, but may be cumbersome to install, may
fit trees of only a narrow size range or may require fasteners which deeply
penetrate the tree trunk, causing damage to the tree.
[0003] Accordingly, there is a need for improved tree-mounted structures
and supports for mounting such structures.
SUMMARY
[0004] In an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a support
for
mounting a platform around a tree trunk, comprising: at least three brackets
pivotally connected to one another to form a brace around the tree trunk, the
brace having an inner surface facing the tree trunk and first and second ends
separated by a gap, the brace comprising teeth extending from the inner
surface for engaging the tree trunk and a flange for supporting the platform;
and
a linkage linking the first and second ends of the brace, the linkage
adjustable
to urge the first and second ends toward each other to reduce the gap between
the first and second ends, so as to compress the brace against the tree trunk
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and secure engagement of the teeth with the tree trunk. Each one of the
brackets may comprise an arched panel having opposite first and second
connection sides and a top edge, the arched panel comprising knuckles
disposed at the first and second connection sides, wherein the knuckles are
vertically offset relative to the top edge to allow the first connection side
of a first
one of the brackets and the second connection side of a second one of the
brackets to mate and form a hinge barrel when the top edges of the first and
second brackets are substantially aligned, and wherein the support further
comprises a hinge pin received in each hinge barrel formed by adjacent ones of
the brackets to hingedly connect the adjacent brackets. Each one of the
brackets may comprise a flange panel extending generally horizontally from the
top edge of the arched panel for forming a section of the flange of the brace,
the
flange panel having an arched, elongated slot. Each one of the brackets may
comprise a plurality of teeth extending from a concave surface of the arched
panel, at least some of the teeth engaging the tree trunk. Each one of the
teeth
may have a pointed terminal end. At least some of the plurality of teeth may
be
vertically offset from one another, and at least some of the plurality of
teeth may
be horizontally offset from one another. The support may comprise a platform
frame mounted and supported on the flange of the brace, the platform frame
fastened to flange panels of selected ones of the brackets by fasteners
received
in respective slots of the flange panels of the selected brackets. The
platform
frame may comprise: a plurality of radial beams, each comprising an inner end
attached to the flange, and an outer end extending radially away from the tree
trunk; a plurality of cross-beams; and a plurality of angle brackets each for
joining at least one of the radial beams and two of the cross-beams; wherein
the radial beams are interconnected by the cross-beams and the angle brackets
to form a frame, the outer end of each one of the radial beams being joined to
two of the cross-beams by one of the angle brackets. The brace may be an
upper brace and the support may further comprise a lower brace engaged with
the tree trunk below the upper brace; and a plurality of truss beams supported
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on the lower brace; each of the truss beams having a lower end mounted to the
lower brace, and an upper end mounted to one of the angle brackets; a lower
linkage linking first and second ends of the lower brace. The linkage may
comprise a bolt bolting the first end of the brace to the second end of the
brace.
The bolt may comprise a head, a shank part and a threaded end and the
linkage may comprise: a first linkage block comprising a hinge portion
hingedly
connected with a terminal connection side of a terminal one of the brackets at
the first end of the brace, and a bolt receiving portion having an opening for
receiving the threaded end of the bolt; a second linkage block comprising a
hinge portion hingedly connected with a terminal connection side of a terminal
one of the brackets at the second end of the brace, and a bolt receiving
portion
having an opening for receiving the shank portion of the bolt; wherein the
threaded end of the bolt is engaged with the first linkage block and the head
of
the bolt is engaged with the second linkage block. Each one of the brackets
may be formed from a single piece of sheet metal by stamping.
[0005] In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a
support for mounting a platform around a tree trunk, comprising: at least
three
brackets pivotally connectable for forming a brace around the tree trunk, the
brace having an inner surface facing the tree trunk and first and second ends
separated by a gap, the brace comprising teeth extending from the inner
surface for engaging the tree trunk and a flange for supporting the platform;
and
members for forming a linkage to link the first and second ends of the brace,
the
linkage adjustable to urge the first and second ends toward each other to
reduce the gap between the first and second ends, so as to compress the brace
against the tree trunk and secure engagement of the teeth with the tree trunk.
Each one of the brackets may comprise an arched panel having opposite first
and second connection sides and a top edge, the arched panel comprising
knuckles disposed at the first and second connection sides, wherein the
knuckles are vertically offset relative to the top edge to allow the first
connection
side of a first one of the brackets and the second connection side of a second
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one of the brackets to mate and form a hinge barrel when the top edges of the
first and second brackets are substantially aligned, and wherein the support
further comprises a plurality of hinge pins each sized for insertion into a
hinge
barrel formed by two adjacent ones of the brackets to form a barrel hinge.
Each
one of the brackets may comprise a flange panel extending generally
horizontally from the top edge of the arched panel for forming a section of
the
flange of the brace, the flange panel having an arched, elongated slot. Each
one of the brackets may comprise a plurality of teeth extending from a concave
surface of the arched panel for engaging the tree trunk. Each one of the teeth
may have a pointed terminal end. At least some of the plurality of teeth may
be
offset from one another in relation to the top edge of the panel and at least
some of the plurality of teeth are offset from one another in relation to the
first
connection side. The support may comprise a plurality of angle brackets, each
one of the plurality of angle brackets comprising a first central arm defining
a
channel to receive a first beam, a second, side arm defining a channel for
receiving a second beam, a third side arm defining a channel for receiving a
third beam, wherein the second and third arms are at an angle and the first
arm
bisects the angle between the second and third arms. The at least three
brackets may comprise at least three brackets for forming a first brace around
the tree trunk, and at least three brackets for forming a second brace around
the tree trunk. The linkage may comprise a bolt for bolting the first end of
the
brace to the second end of the brace. The members of the linkage may
comprise a first linkage block comprising a hinge portion hingedly connectable
with the first connection side of the each bracket, and a bolt receiving
portion
having an opening for receiving a threaded end of the bolt to engage the
threaded end of the bolt; a second linkage block comprising a hinge portion
hingedly connectable with the second connection side of the each bracket, and
a bolt receiving portion having an opening for receiving a shank portion of
the
bolt to engage the head of the bolt. Each one of the brackets may be formed
from a single piece of sheet metal by stamping.
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[0006] In a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a support
for
mounting an elevated platform around a post, wherein the post has a
deformable surface, the support comprising at least three brackets pivotally
connected to one another to form a brace around the post, the brace having an
inner surface facing the post and first and second ends separated by a gap,
the
brace comprising teeth extending from the inner surface and a flange for
supporting the platform, and a linkage linking the first and second ends of
the
brace, the linkage adjusted to urge the first and second ends toward each
other
to reduce the gap between the first and second ends, so as to compress the
brace against the post, wherein the teeth have sufficient strength to bite
into the
deformable surface of the post when the brace is compressed against the post
by adjustment of the linkage, to securely engage the post such that the
platform
is securely supported when mounted to the flange of the brace.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0007] In the figures, which illustrate example embodiments:
[0008] FIG. 1A is a bottom perspective view of a platform structure;
[0009] FIG.1B is a top perspective view of the structure of FIG.1A;
[0010] FIGS. 2A-2B are front and rear perspective views of a bracket of the
structure of FIG. 1A;
[0011] FIG. 2C is a partially-exploded bottom perspective view of two
connected brackets;
[0012] FIG. 2D is a top elevation view of the bracket of FIGS. 2A-2B;
[0013] FIG. 2E is a cross-sectional view of the bracket of FIG. 2D, along
line
2E-2E shown in FIG. 2D;
[0014] FIG. 2F is a cross-sectional view of an alternate tooth of the
bracket
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of FIG 2E;
[0015] FIG. 2G is front perspective view of an alternate bracket;
[0016] FIG. 3A is a perspective view of a linkage block of the structure of
FIG. 1A;
[0017] FIGS. 3B, 3C, 3D and 3E are partially-exploded views showing steps
of assembling a linkage of the structure of FIG. 1A;
[0018] FIG. 4A is a perspective view of a U-bracket of the structure of
FIG.
1A;
[0019] FIG. 4B is a partially-exploded perspective view of the U-bracket of
FIG. 4A mounted to the bracket of FIG. 2A;
[0020] FIG. 5A is a perspective view of an outer angle bracket of the
structure of FIG. 1A;
[0021] FIG. 5B is a top elevation view of the outer angle bracket of FIG.
5A;
[0022] FIG. 5C is a partially-exploded perspective view of the U-bracket of
FIG. 4A mounted to the outer angle bracket of FIGS. 5A-5B;
[0023] FIG. 6A is a perspective view of an inner angle bracket of the
structure of FIG. 1A;
[0024] FIG. 6B is a top elevation view of the bracket of FIG. 6A;
[0025] FIG. 7A is a perspective view of a brace of the platform structure
of
FIG. 1A;
[0026] FIG.7B is a perspective view of the brace of FIG. 7A and a linkage
connecting the end brackets of the brace;
[0027] FIG. 7C is a top elevation view of the brace of FIG. 7B;
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[0028] FIG. 8 is a perspective view of two braces of the structure of FIG.
1A;
[0029] FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a first sub-assembly of the
structure of
FIG. 1A;
[0030] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a second sub-assembly of the
structure of FIG. 1A;
[0031] FIG. 11 is a top elevation view of the second sub-assembly of FIG.
10;
[0032] FIG. 12 is a top perspective view of a partially-assembled alternate
platform structure; and
[0033] FIG. 13 is a top perspective view of another platform structure
exemplary of an embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0034] FIGS. 1A and 1B depict a platform structure 100, exemplary of an
embodiment of the present invention. Platform structure 100 is mounted to a
tree around the tree trunk 500 and has upper and lower braces 200, 300. The
platform structure 100 includes a platform frame 400 mounted on brace 200,
supporting a platform 600. Platform frame 400 is supported by a plurality of
truss beams 831 mounted on lower brace 300.
[0035] The platform frame 400 and platform 600 are constructed from bars
and boards of lumber in standard sizes (e.g. 4" x 4", 2" x 6"), and a number
of
brackets, linkages and fasteners, which may be formed from mild steel or other
suitable materials. Platform 600 has flooring panels 601, which may be formed
from standard boards of plywood or other suitable materials, such as steel or
aluminium grating.
[0036] Braces 200, 300 each include a plurality of anchor brackets 201. The
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anchor brackets 201 are pivotably connected. As depicted and described in
detail below, they may be hingedly connected using pins 203. Each brace 200,
300 has ends separated by a gap. The ends are linked by a linkage 205, which
urges the ends toward one another and is adjustable to reduce the gap
between the ends so as to compress each brace 200, 300 against the tree trunk
500. As is described in more detail below, a linkage 205 includes linkage
blocks 207 joined to a set of adjacent brackets 201 by pins 203. The linkage
blocks 207 are bolted together to join the adjacent brackets 201.
[0037] Braces 200, 300 are mounted around tree trunk 500. By urging the
ends of each one of braces 200, 300 towards one another, linkages 205
compress the braces against tree trunk 500 and secure engagement with tree
trunk 500. Tree trunk 500 may be generally, but not perfectly, circular in
cross-
section. That is, tree trunk 500 may be somewhat irregular and/or oblong in
shape and may have different sizes at different heights. Anchor brackets 201
of
braces 200, 300 may pivot around pins 203 to conform to the shape and size of
tree trunk 500 at the particular height where they are mounted.
[0038] In the depicted embodiment, each of braces 200, 300 has a flange
208. Flanges 208 are made up of flange panels 209 of the anchor brackets 201
in the braces. Platform frame 400 is mounted to flange 208 of brace 200 and
includes U-brackets 401, inner angle brackets 403 and outer angle brackets
405, which connect beams formed of standard-sized pieces of lumber. The
beams include radial beams 433, inner cross beams 435 and outer cross
beams 437. A railing 700 with railing posts 701 is constructed on the platform
frame 400, along with platform 600.
[0039] Anchor brackets 201, U-brackets 401, inner angle brackets 403 and
outer angle brackets 405 may be formed, for example, by stamping or casting
from mild steel or stainless steel or other metals having comparable durometer
hardness, in thicknesses between 0.053" to 0.375". The brackets need not all
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be formed from the same material. Instead, different brackets may be formed
from different materials in different thicknesses. Brackets formed from
materials that are prone to corrosion, such as mild steels, may be painted,
powder coated, electroplated, galvanized, or otherwise treated to provide
weather and corrosion resistance. In some embodiments, some or all of the
brackets may be formed from composite materials such as plastics, provided
they have sufficient strength and hardness characteristics.
[0040] FIGS. 2A-2B and 2D-2E depict in detail the structure of an anchor
bracket 201. Anchor bracket 201 has an arched panel 211 and a flange panel
209 extending outward from the top of the arched panel 211. Arched panel 211
has a concave inner surface 213 and a convex outer surface 215 and is arcuate
in cross-section when viewed from above or below. Concave inner surface 213
allows anchor bracket 201 to be positioned proximate a tree trunk such that
the
inner surface of anchor bracket 201 better conforms to the curved surface of
the
tree trunk, as compared to a flat panel surface. In some embodiments, the
inner surface 213 may be curved to generally conform to the surface of a tree
trunk of a given size. In selected embodiments, the inner surface may be
curved to form a circular arc. As will be appreciated, in such a case, inner
surface 213 is capable of fitting very closely against a tree trunk with
approximately the same radius of curvature. If the difference between the
radius of curvature of inner surface 213 and that of tree trunk 500 is large,
only
a small portion of inner surface 213 may fit closely against the tree trunk.
By
way of example only, panel 211 may typically be approximately 8 inches tall, 7
3/8 inches wide and 1/8 inch thick, and the radius of curvature of inner
surface
213 may typically be in the range of 6-10 inches. An 8 inch radius of
curvature
typically provides a good fit on a tree approximately 12 inches in diameter.
As
used herein, the terms "inner", "inward", "outer" and "outwardly" refer to
radial
directions relative to tree trunk 500 in use.
[0041] Arched panel 211 of anchor bracket 201 has two opposing lateral
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connection sides 212, 214. Pairs of knuckles 225, 226 are formed at sides 212,
214, respectively. Knuckles 225, 226 may be formed as depicted by bending
tabs extending from the sides. The knuckles may be integrally formed with
arched panel 211 and have a generally cylindrical shape, forming a cylindrical
channel for receiving a hinge pin such as pin 203 as shown in FIG. 2C.
Knuckles 225 extending from side 212 are vertically offset from the knuckles
226 extending from side 214 in relation to top edge 210 so that the knuckles
225, 226 of two brackets may be mated to form a hinge barrel. Though two
knuckles are depicted on each of sides 212, 214, any number of knuckles may
be used in different embodiments, provided the knuckles on opposing
connection sides 212, 214 are suitably vertically offset for forming a hinge
barrel.
[0042] FIG. 2C shows a partially-exploded view of two anchor brackets 201a
and 201b together forming a hinge barrel to receive a hinge pin 203 to
pivotally
connect the brackets. For convenience, the respective features of brackets
201a and 201b are identified with the suffixes "a" and "b".
[0043] As shown in FIG. 2C, anchor bracket 201b is positioned adjacent
anchor bracket 201a so that knuckles 226a of anchor bracket 201a align and
mate with knuckles 225b of anchor bracket 201b. The mating knuckles
together form a hinge barrel. Pin 203 is then inserted through knuckles 226a
and 225b to interlock the brackets and form a barrel hinge 231. Barrel hinge
231 allows brackets 201a, 201b to pivot relative to one another. A pin head
204 at the top of pin 203 prevents pin 203 from falling out of the hinge
barrel.
Optionally, a securing mechanism may be provided on the distal end of pin 203
to secure pin 203 in knuckles 225/226. For example, pin 203 may be
configured so that its distal end extends below the lowermost edge of knuckles
225. A transversely-extending hole (not shown) may be provided through the
distal end of pin 203 to receive a cotter pin (not shown).
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[0044] As best shown in FIGS. 20 and 2E, brackets 201 have teeth 217
which extend away from inner surface 217. Teeth 217 are integrally formed
with arched panel 211. Teeth 217 are generally triangular in shape, and are
pointed at the terminal ends to bite into tree trunk 500 when brackets 201 are
compressed against the tree trunk. Specifically, teeth 217 deform or penetrate
the surface of the tree trunk and thus securely grip the tree trunk. As
depicted,
teeth 217 may be tapered towards a pointed terminal end, and are configured to
point slightly downwardly. Thus, downward vertical loads applied to brackets
201 will tend to urge the teeth 217 against tree trunk 500, which may
strengthen
the engagement of teeth 217 and thus, of the braces, with the tree trunk 500.
In
other embodiments, teeth 217 may be horizontal or may point slightly upwards.
[0045] As depicted, teeth 217 are approximately 1.25 inches in length from
tip to base and 0.5 inches in width at the base. However, in other
embodiments, teeth 217 may be differently sized and shaped. As depicted,
anchor bracket 201 has four teeth 217, which are offset from one another both
vertically and horizontally. The teeth 217 are arranged in approximately
vertically-aligned columns, with the columns distributed horizontally across
arched panel 211, and teeth in adjacent columns being vertically offset
relative
to one another. As will become apparent, in use, the orientation of anchor
bracket 201 relative to tree trunk 500 may be variable. That is, depending on
the shape of the tree trunk 500, the amount of inner surface 213 that is in
close
contact with the tree trunk may vary. The offset arrangement of teeth 217
(e.g.
in staggered columns) helps ensure that the teeth adequately engage the tree
trunk. In some cases, all of the teeth will engage with the tree trunk.
However,
with the teeth arranged as depicted, even if only a small portion of arched
panel
211 is close to tree trunk, multiple teeth in at least one column will
generally
engage with the tree trunk.
[0046] In other embodiments, brackets may have larger or smaller numbers
of teeth. For example, wide brackets may have more than two columns of
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teeth, and very narrow brackets may have only one column. Similarly, columns
of teeth may have more or fewer than two teeth as depicted. In still other
embodiments, teeth 217 may not be arranged in columns, and may instead be
distributed across arched panel 211 in other suitable patterns. Teeth may, for
example, be arranged in substantially any pattern in which at least some of
teeth 217 are horizontally offset from one another and at least some of teeth
217 are vertically offset from one another.
[0047] In addition, while teeth 217 are triangular in shape and have a
generally straight, rectangular cross section, as shown in FIG. 2E, the teeth
may have other shapes and cross sections. For example, FIG. 2F depicts a
cross section of a tooth 217' which has a wedge-shaped cross-section, tapering
towards a pointed tip. FIG. 2G depicts a bracket 201' with one triangular
tooth
217, a different triangular tooth 217", a pentagonal tooth 217" and a curved
tooth 217". The teeth may be formed in these or any other shapes which
enable the teeth to bite into a tree trunk.
[0048] For a given size of anchor bracket 201, forming a larger number of
teeth or larger individual teeth will tend to weaken arched panel 211.
Accordingly, teeth 217 are arranged to ensure adequate engagement with tree
trunk 500, while maintaining sufficient strength of anchor bracket 201.
[0049] Flange panel 209 extends generally horizontally from the top edge of
the arched panel 211 and forms a section of flange 208. Flange panel 209 is
integrally formed with arched panel 211 and is defined by a bend 210 in anchor
bracket 201. Flange panel 209 has two arched, elongated slots 221 which
extend substantially across flange panel 209. As will be further explained
below, slots 221 may receive fasteners to mount the platform frame 400. Slots
221 may be arcuate in shape. As depicted, slots 221 are approximately 0.350
inches wide. However, in other embodiments, slots 221 may be larger or
smaller. As will become apparent, this enables platform frame 400 to be
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mounted in a wide range of possible angular orientations and may provide for
greater ease of assembly. Though two slots are depicted, flange panel 209
may alternatively have more or fewer slots depending on configuration of
platform frame 400. Flange panel 209 may additionally or alternatively have
openings or other coupling structures for mounting platform frame 400.
[0050] Reinforcing ribs 223 and 219 extend from the terminal edges of
flange panel 209 to provide additional strength against bending of flange
panel
209. A gusset 222 is formed in the bend 210 between flange panel 209 and
arched panel 211 and reinforces bend 210 against buckling. Optionally, one or
more additional gussets may be formed in bend 210 to provide additional
strength. Alternatively, gussets may be omitted if the platform structure to
be
supported is lightweight.
[0051] As depicted, flange panel 209 is oriented at an angle of about 90
degrees with arched panel 211. However, in other embodiments, flange panel
209 may be configured in other orientations, which may be selected to suit the
design of platform frame 400.
[0052] Brackets 201 may be formed using a progressive stamping process
in a multi-station die. The process may begin with a flat blank of sheet
steel.
One or more punching steps may then be performed to cut the contours of
flange panel 209, teeth 217, slots 221 and, possibly, the tabs which will
become
knuckles 225, 226 and ribs 219, 223. Alternatively, the contours of those
features may already be formed in the blank. Once the contours of these
features are defined, one or more additional steps may be performed to
progressively bend arched panel 211, teeth 217, knuckles 225, 226 flange
panel 209, ribs 219, 223 and gusset 222 into the configuration depicted in
FIGS. 2A-2E. Alternatively, arched panel 211 and flange panel 209 may be
formed from separate blanks, bent into the desired shapes using a brake press,
and welded together. Instead of being integral with arched panel 211, knuckles
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225, 226 may be formed from metal tubing and welded to the sides of arched
panel 211. In other embodiments, brackets 201 may be formed by casting, for
example, from steel, aluminium, iron, or other metals, or by injection molding
from plastics with suitable structural strength.
[0053] Turning to FIG. 3A, a linkage block 207 is depicted in detail.
Linkage
block 207 may be formed, for example, from mild steel, stainless steel or
other
metals or composites having similar durometer hardness. Linkage block 207
may be formed for example by milling or casting. As is described in more
detail
below, linkage blocks 207 form part of linkages 205 used to join the ends of
braces 200, 300. Linkage blocks 207 are generally L-shaped, with a bolt
receiving portion 208 and hinge portion 216. A channel 227 extends through
hinge portion 216 and bolt holes 229, 230 extend transversely through bolt
receiving portion 208. Bolt hole 230 is enlarged and oblong as compared to
bolt hole 229. As will be further described below, enlarged bolt hole 230
provides for ease of assembly in use of linkage block 207. Channel 227 aligns
with a knuckle 225 of a anchor bracket 201 to commonly receive a pin 203 (see
FIG.76). Bolt holes 229, 230 receive bolts 237 (FIGS. 3B-3E) to connect
adjacent linkage blocks 207. Bolt holes 229, 230 may be threaded to
threadedly engage the threaded end of bolt, or may be non-threaded in which
case nuts may be used to engage the treaded end of the bolt with the linkage
block.
[0054] FIGS. 3B-3E depict the steps of using a linkage 205 to join two
brackets 201. Two brackets 201 are depicted in FIGS. 3B-3E and for
convenience are labelled 201b and 201c. Likewise, the features of each
bracket are identified with "b" and "c" respectively.
[0055] As depicted in FIG. 3B, a linkage is formed between two brackets
201b and 201c positioned proximate one another, but separated by a gap. As
depicted, four linkage blocks 207a, 207b, 207c and 207d, two pins 203 and four
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bolts 237a, 237b, 237c and 237d are used to form a linkage 205. Each of the
linkage blocks is positioned so as to mate to a corresponding knuckle of one
of
brackets 201b, 201c. Linkage blocks 207a and 207b mate to knuckles 226b of
anchor bracket 201b. Linkage blocks 207a, 207b are oriented so that the ends
with the respective hinge portions 216a, 216b point downwardly. Linkage
blocks 207a, 207b are then aligned with knuckles 226b so that each one of
hinge portions 216a, 216b is below a corresponding knuckle, and so that their
channels 227 align with the knuckles to form a single continuous vertical
channel.
[0056] Linkage blocks 207c and 207d are likewise positioned to mate with
knuckles 225c of anchor bracket 201c. However, since knuckles 225c are
vertically staggered relative to knuckles 226b, linkage blocks 207c, 207d are
inverted relative to linkage blocks 207a, 207b, with their hinge portions
216c,
216d at the top. Linkage blocks 207c, 207d are then positioned with their
hinge
portions above and aligned with knuckles 225c so as to form a continuous
vertical channel.
[0057] With the linkage blocks 207 in place, pins 203 are inserted to
pivotally
connect the linkage blocks 207 to the brackets 201. One pin 203 is inserted
through knuckles 226b and the channels of linkage blocks 207a, 207b (not
visible), connecting linkage blocks 207a, 207b to anchor bracket 201b. Another
pin 203 is inserted through knuckles 225c and channels 227 of linkage blocks
207c, 207d (not visible), connecting linkage blocks 207c, 207d to anchor
bracket 201c.
[0058] As depicted in FIG. 3D, with pins 203 installed, brackets 201b and
201c are aligned with one another. In this position, bolt holes 229, 230 of
the
linkage blocks are aligned to receive bolts 237a, 237b, 237c, 237d.
Specifically, bolt hole 230a is aligned with bolt hole 229c to receive bolt
237a,
bolt hole 230b is aligned with bolt hole 229d to receive bolt 237b, bolt hole
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, .
230c is aligned with bolt hole 229a to receive bolt 237c, and bolt hole 230d
is
aligned with bolt hole 229b to receive bolt 237d. Each of the bolts 237 is
thus
inserted through a large bolt hole 230 and then through a smaller bolt hole
229.
Bolt holes 229 are sized to threadedly engage the threaded end of bolt 237.
Bolt holes 230 are sized to allow the threaded end to pass through and to
receive the shank portion of bolt 237. As depicted, bolt holes 229 have
internal
threads to engage the threaded ends of bolts 237, allowing the bolts to be
tightened. Alternatively, a bolt 237 may protrude from a bolt hole 229, and a
matching nut (not shown) may be used to tighten bolt 237 so as to clamp blocks
207.
[0059] FIG. 3E depicts a fully assembled linkage 205. Bolts
237 are tight
and thus exert a compressive force on linkage blocks 207. This compressive
force in turn acts on brackets 201b, 201c through pins 203, urging the
brackets
towards one another. As bolts 237 are tightened, brackets 201b, 201c may be
drawn closer together. Conveniently, linkage 205 may be used to exert a
compressive force on brackets 201 over a range of possible distances between
the brackets 201b, 201c. That is, bolts 237 are able to exert a compressive
force on the brackets as long as the bolt threads are able to engage with
threads in bolt holes 229 (or nuts installed on the ends of the bolts).
[0060] FIG. 4A depicts a U-bracket 401. U-bracket 401 is
generally U-
shaped, with a base wall 403 and two upstanding walls 405, 406. U-bracket
401 is configured to receive a supporting beam between the upstanding walls
405, 406. U-bracket 401 has mounting holes 407 in wall 403. U-bracket 401
also has holes 409 in its upstanding walls 405, 406 for receiving fasteners,
such
as screws or nails, to secure the supporting beam. U-bracket 401 may be
formed from 12-gauge sheet steel and may be approximately 3.5 inches long,
with upstanding walls approximately 3 inches tall. However, in other
embodiments, U-bracket 401 may have different dimensions and be formed of a
material of different thickness.
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[0061] As depicted in FIG. 4B, a U-bracket 401 may be mounted to the
flange panel 209 of an anchor bracket 201 by aligning mounting holes 407 with
slots 221 and inserting a fastener, such as a bolt 408, through the mounting
holes and slots. The bolt 408 may be tightened with a mating nut 410. As will
be appreciated, mounting holes 407 may be aligned with slots 221 at any
position along the length of the slots. Thus, U-bracket 401 may be installed
in a
range of possible positions on flange panel 209. Once U-bracket 401 is
installed, a beam may then be installed in the U-bracket. If the U-bracket is
installed on a bracket in upper brace 200, a radial beam 433 may be installed
by inserting an inner end of the radial beam in the U-bracket so that the
radial
beam extends horizontally and radially outwardly from the brace 200. If the U-
bracket is installed on a bracket in lower brace 300, a truss beam 831 may be
installed by inserting an end of the truss beam in the U-bracket so that the
truss
beam extends upwardly and radially outwardly from brace 300. The installed
beam is secured using fasteners such as screws or nails inserted through holes
409. To allow some play for ease of installation of a beam 831/433 to U-
bracket 401, the U-bracket may be initially installed with bolts 408 and nuts
410
only partially tightened. The U-bracket may then be adjusted as necessary, and
fully tightened once accurately located.
[0062] FIGS. 5A-5B depict an outer angle bracket 405. Outer angle bracket
405 has an arm 411 with opposed upstanding walls 412. Upstanding walls 412
are spaced apart for receiving an outer end of a radial beam 433 (FIG. 1)
therebetween. As noted, the inner end of the radial beam may be installed in a
U-bracket 401 attached to brace 200 so that the radial beam extends radially
away from the supporting tree trunk 500 as shown in FIG. 1. Outer angle
bracket 405 also has two side arms 413, each with opposed upstanding walls
414, spaced apart for receiving an end of an outer cross beam 437 which
extend between adjacent outer angle brackets 405 (see FIG. 1). Outer angle
bracket 405 also has a pocket 415 defined by upstanding walls 416 for
receiving an upstanding railing post 701. In the depicted embodiment, pocket
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CA 02816105 2013-05-22
415 is sized to receive a 4" x 4" post. However, in other embodiments, posts
of
other sizes may be used. Each of arms 411,413 and pocket 415 have holes
417 for receiving fasteners for securing the respective beams received
therein.
As is best shown in FIG. 5B, arms 413 and 411 are formed to hold cross beams
at a predetermined angle a to radial beams 433. Mounting holes 419 extend
through the bottom wall.
[0063] As depicted in FIG. 5C, a U-bracket 401 may be attached to an outer
angle bracket 405 by inserting a bolt 408 through mounting holes 419 of the
outer angle bracket and mounting holes 407 of the U-bracket, and tightening
the bolt against a nut 410. To do so, mounting holes 407 of the U-bracket are
aligned with mounting holes 419 of the outer angle bracket, and a bolt 408 is
inserted through the holes and received by a nut 410.
[0064] FIGS. 6A-6B depict an inner angle bracket 403 which has a base wall
and two sets of opposing upstanding walls defining channels 421 for receiving
inner cross beams 435 which extend between adjacent inner angle brackets
403. Between the two channels 421 is a channel 423 for receiving a radial
beam 433. Inner angle brackets 403 are configured so that beams extending
between adjacent inner angle brackets 403 form an angle a with beams
extending radially from the tree trunk 500. The base wall and the upstanding
walls of inner angle brackets 403 have holes 425 for receiving fasteners to
secure the respective beams. Optionally, the joints between the upstanding
walls and base wall may be structurally supported or reinforced with one or
more ribs, fillets or gussets, as would be understood by those skilled in the
art.
[0065] Turning now to FIGS. 7-11, a method of erecting a tree-supported
platform structure using the above-described components will now be
described.
[0066] To provide support for the structure, upper and lower braces 200,
300
are assembled using a plurality of anchor brackets 201. Braces 200, 300 are
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assembled by pivotally connecting anchor brackets 201 using a combination of
simple pinned joints (barrel hinges 231) and linkages 205.
[0067] Anchor brackets 201 are hingedly connected to one another as
shown in FIG. 2C to form brace 200. As depicted in FIG. 7A, the completed
brace 200 includes a sufficient number of brackets 201 to enable it to be
mounted around a tree trunk 500 in an incomplete ring extending around almost
the entire circumference of the tree trunk 500. A brace includes at least
three
anchor brackets 201 which include two end anchor brackets 201b, 201c. A gap
235 is left between end anchor brackets 201b, 201c of the brace. During this
stage of assembly, it may be necessary to temporarily support the partial
brace
of brackets in the depicted position. Anchor brackets may, for example be
temporarily supported manually, using straps, or by using temporary fasteners,
such as one or more nails.
[0068] As the brace is mounted to tree trunk 500, anchor brackets 201 in
the
brace pivot to conform generally to the surface of the tree trunk 500. Thus,
anchor brackets 201 engage tree trunk 500. The respective teeth of some or all
of anchor brackets 201 may bite into the tree trunk 500. In addition, at least
part of the inner surfaces of some or all of anchor brackets 201 may bear
against the tree trunk.
[0069] As noted, with brace wrapped around tree trunk 500, a gap 235 is
left between brackets 201b, 201c at the ends of the brace. The number of
brackets 201 in the brace is selected so that the width of this gap is less
than
the width of one anchor bracket 201. A linkage 205 is assembled as shown in
FIGS. 3B to 3E, to bridge gap 235 to connect anchor brackets 201b, 201c as
shown in FIG. 7B.
[0070] Tightening of bolts 237 of linkage 205 urges the ends of the brace
together compressing the brace against the tree trunk 500. With the linkage
205 adjusted to urge the ends of the brace together, the teeth 217 securely
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engage the tree trunk 500, for example, by gripping the tree trunk. When
securely engaged, the teeth 217 tightly and stably hold the brace to the tree
trunk so that the brace is likewise securely engaged. Friction between the
tree
trunk and the teeth or vertical reaction forces between the tree trunk and the
teeth, or both, provide sufficient vertical support so that the brace can
support
the applied load. As depicted, tree trunk 500 provides sufficient support to
braces 200, 300 so that the braces can cooperatively support the platform
structure 100, along with additional loads expected to be applied to the
platform
structure (e.g., the weight of one or more occupants). When the brace is
securely engaged to the tree trunk, the brace should not slip or wobble under
the weight of the platform structure and the load expected to be applied to
the
platform structure to the extent that it is safe to use for the particular
application.
In some embodiments, depending on the size of the teeth 217, the inner
surfaces 213 may also contact and frictionally engage the tree trunk, further
securing the engagement of the brace with the tree trunk.
[0071] Braces 200, 300 may be adjustable to be mounted to a generally
circular tree trunk 500 between approximately one foot and six feet in
diameter.
The size of the braces 200, 300 can be adjusted by changing the number of
anchor brackets 201. Fine adjustment of the size of braces 200 can be
accomplished by tightening or loosening bolts 237. To provide a large range of
such fine adjustment, the length of bolts 237 may be greater than the width of
anchor brackets 201. Since braces 200, 300 do not require bolts or other
components to penetrate deeply into tree trunk 500, braces 200, 300 may allow
continued growth of the tree. Moreover, braces 200, 300 may move with tree
trunk 500 as it sways, e.g. in wind.
[0072] In some embodiments, it may be desired to include more than one
linkage 205. That is, in addition to using a linkage 205 to join the ends of a
brace, it may be desired to include one or more linkages 205 in the brace
itself.
Using multiple linkages 205 may, for example, allow anchor brackets 201 to
CA 02816105 2013-05-22
better conform to the size and shape of tree trunk 500 and may allow anchor
brackets 201 to be more tightly urged against tree trunk 500 to provide more
even or more secure engagement of brackets 201 around the perimeter of tree
trunk 500. Brace 200, shown in top elevation view in FIG. 7C has two linkages
205. When it is desired to include multiple linkages 205, the brace may be
assembled by first forming an incomplete ring like that shown in FIG. 7A which
includes one or more linkages 205, temporarily mounting the incomplete ring
around a tree trunk 500 and then joining the ends of the brace with a final
linkage 205. Bolts 237 may be tightened before or after installation of the
final
linkage 205, or both.
[0073] As shown in FIG. 7C, tree trunk 500 may not be perfectly circular,
in
which case engagement between anchor brackets 201 and tree trunk 500 may
not be consistent around the circumference of the tree trunk 500. For example,
anchor brackets 201e, 201f of brace 200 fit more closely to tree trunk 500
than
anchor brackets 201g, 201h. Teeth 217 are sufficiently sharp and sufficiently
strong to ensure that brackets 201 can securely engage tree trunk 500 with
enough strength to support platform structure 100 when only teeth 217 contact
the trunk. Of course, when a anchor bracket 201 partly or fully abuts tree
trunk
500, friction between its inner surface 213 and the tree trunk 500 further
secures the brace.
[0074] Once braces 200, 300 have been tightened and secured using bolts
237, they are capable of supporting platform frame 400 and platform 600.
[0075] Once braces 200, 300 have been installed and tightened, platform
frame 400 can be constructed and mounted thereto. First, U-brackets 401 are
mounted on the flanges 209 of brackets 201 of the upper and lower braces 200,
300 as described above with reference to FIG. 4B. Fasteners (e.g. bolts) are
inserted through the mounting holes 407 of the U-brackets 401 and the slots
221 in the flanges 209 of brackets 201 (FIG. 4B). U-brackets 401 may be
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mounted in any angular orientation relative to the flanges 209 of brackets 201
by positioning the fasteners in slots 221 as desired. As will be appreciated,
the
orientation of U-brackets 401 is dependent on the angle a of inner brackets
403
and outer angle brackets 405 (FIGS. 5B, 6B). FIG. 8 shows braces 200, 300
with U-brackets 401 installed.
[0076] Truss beams 831 and radial beams 433 are then installed as
depicted in FIG. 9. Truss beams 831 extend upwardly and radially outwardly
from U-brackets 401 mounted on lower brace 300, with a lower end of each
truss beam being received in a respective U-bracket 401 mounted to a flange
panel 209 of one of the brackets of the lower brace. The upper end of each
truss beam is received in another U-bracket 401, mounted to an outer angle
bracket 405 as described above with reference to FIG. 5C.
[0077] Radial beams 433 extend horizontally and radially outwardly from U-
brackets 401 mounted on upper brace 200. Each radial beam 433 has an inner
end, received in a respective U-bracket 401 mounted to a flange panel 209 of
one of the brackets of upper brace 200. Each radial beam 433 also has an
outer end, received in an arm 411 of a respective outer angle bracket 405. As
noted, each of truss beams 831 and radial beams 433 may be secured to a
respective U-bracket 401 or outer angle bracket 405 using fasteners, such as
screws.
[0078] Thus, outer angle brackets 405 join truss beams 831 to radial beams
433 and structurally link upper brace 200 and lower brace 300. U-brackets 401
are mounted to outer angle brackets 405 using holes 419 (FIG. 5B). The outer
ends of truss beams 831 are received in U-brackets 401 mounted to outer
angle brackets 405 and are secured using fasteners inserted through holes 409
(FIG 4). The outer ends of radial beams 433 are received in arms 411 of outer
angle brackets 405 and similarly secured using fasteners (e.g. screws)
inserted
through holes 417.
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[0079] Turning now to FIG. 10, outer cross beams 437 are then installed.
Outer cross beams 437 extend horizontally between arms 413 of adjacent outer
angle brackets 405. The outer cross beams 437 are secured at both ends
using fasteners inserted through holes 417.
[0080] Inner angle brackets 403 are then installed on radial beams 433. As
depicted, an inner angle bracket 403 is installed approximately at the
midpoint
of each one of the radial beams 433. However, in other embodiments, inner
angle brackets 403 may be installed in different positions along the radial
beams. Channel 423 of each inner angle bracket 403 (FIG. 6B) fits to the
respective radial beam, and the inner angle bracket is secured to the radial
beam using fasteners. Inner cross beams 435 are then installed. Inner cross
beams 435 extend horizontally between adjacent inner angle brackets 403, with
each inner cross beam having one end received in a channel 421 of a first
inner
angle bracket, and another end received in a channel 421 of a second inner
angle bracket. Radial beams 433 and inner cross beams 435 are secured to
inner angle brackets 403 using fasteners (e.g. screws) inserted through holes
425.
[0081] As noted, each of truss beams 831, radial beams 433, outer cross
beams 437 and inner cross beams 435 is secured to the respective U-brackets
401, outer angle brackets 405 or inner angle brackets 403 using fasteners. The
beams may be provided with pre-drilled holes prior to assembly for receiving
fasteners. Alternatively, the beams may be provided without holes, and
fasteners may be installed without pre-drilling.
[0082] Radial beams 433, inner cross beams 435 and outer cross beams
437 together provide mounting surfaces on which flooring may be secured. As
is best shown in FIG. 11, inner angle brackets 403 and outer angle brackets
405 are configured such that inner cross beams 435 and outer cross beams
437 form an angle of a with the radial beams 433. U-brackets 401 are
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CA 02816105 2013-05-22
positioned such that adjacent radial beams 433 held by the U-brackets form an
angle of 13 with one another. Flooring may be secured to radial beams 433 and
inner and outer cross beams 435, 437. As will be appreciated, angle a of the
inner angle brackets 403 and outer angle brackets 405 dictates the angle 13 at
which U-brackets 401 are mounted. Specifically as depicted, 13 + 2a = 1800 and
13 = 360 /(n-1), where n is the number of radial beams 433 and truss beams
831.
[0083] Angles a and p may be chosen, for example, based on the number of
beams desired, the amount of support required for the flooring or to match the
dimensions of platform frame 400 to those of standard building components.
Matching the dimensions of platform frame 400 to those of standard building
components may reduce the overall cost of platform structure 100 by reducing
waste material and/or reducing the amount of work required to fabricate floor
panels. For example, as depicted, platform frame has 9 radial beams 433,
angle a is approximately 70 degrees and angle p is approximately 40 degrees.
Radial beams 433 are approximately four to five feet long, and outer cross
beams 437 are approximately four feet in length. In this configuration,
flooring
panels 601 (FIG. 1B) may be formed by cutting standard 4'x8' plywood sheets
diagonally to form trapezoidal panels. The lengths of beams 831, 433, 435, 437
and sizes of flooring panels 601 may differ in other embodiments.
[0084] In other embodiments, the platform frame may have a different
number of radial beams 433, corresponding to different angles a and 6.
Typically, a platform frame will have at least 4 radial beams. Using a larger
number of radial beams may increase the strength of the platform frame.
However, it may also increase the cost, as additional lumber and angle
brackets
will be required. In some embodiments, multiple inner angle brackets 403 may
be attached to each radial beam 433, each receiving a pair of inner cross
beams 435 so that multiple rings of inner cross beams 435 may be formed.
Providing additional inner angle brackets and inner cross beams may increase
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the strength of the platform frame, and may provide better support for
flooring
when the span of radial beams 433 is large.
[0085] After installation of radial beams 433, inner cross beams 435 and
outer cross beams 437, flooring panels 601 may be installed as depicted in
FIG.
1B. Flooring panels 601 are cut in size to match the support surface provided
by radial beams 433, inner cross beams 435 and outer cross beams 437 and
are fastened to radial beams 433, inner cross beams 435 and outer cross
beams 437 by fasteners, e.g. screws or nails (not shown).
[0086] Though flooring panels 601 are approximately triangular in shape, in
other embodiments, differently-shaped flooring panels may be used. For
example, flooring panels may be rectangular, or may be a combination of
triangular and trapezoidal panels.
[0087] Railing posts 701 are installed in pockets 415 of outer angle
brackets
405 and secured using fasteners. A railing may then be constructed on railing
posts 701 in a suitable manner. The size and configuration of the railing may
depend on the intended use of platform structure 100. For example, it may be
desired to provide a railing of sufficient height to prevent users of the tree
house
from falling off of platform 700.
[0088] As depicted, linkages 205 include linkage blocks 207 which are
bolted together to exert a compressive force on brackets 201. However, in
other embodiments, other types of linkages 205 may be used. For example, in
some embodiments, linkage blocks 207 may be configured to receive ratchet
straps, turnbuckles, or clamping mechanisms which can be tightened to
compress the brace or rings. In other embodiments, linkage blocks may be
omitted, and ratchet straps, turnbuckles or clamping mechanisms may be fitted
directly to the ends of braces 200, 300. Alternatively, ratchet straps or
cables
may be wrapped around the outside of the braces and tightened to urge the
brackets 201 against the tree trunk 500.
CA 02816105 2013-05-22
[0089] Though platform structure 100 is supported by two braces 200, 300,
in other embodiments more or fewer rings of brackets may be used. For
example, FIG. 12 is a simplified schematic diagram of a platform frame 400'
supported with a single brace 200'. Platform frame 400' has a relatively small
diameter, approximately half that of platform frame 400 and is relatively
lightweight and can be supported by a single brace without truss beams.
Platform 400' is depicted without floor panels, however, floor panels may be
installed.
[0090] In some embodiments, the brackets 201 of one or both of braces 200,
300 may be inverted relative to the orientation depicted in FIGS. 7A-7B. That
is, the brackets 201 may be oriented with their respective flanges 209
extending
from the bottom edges of arched panels 211. In such embodiments, U-brackets
401 may be mounted atop the flanges 209 (i.e. on the lower surfaces of the
flanges, as depicted in FIG. 7A).
[0091] In some embodiments, platform structure 100 may include walls and
a roof to form a tree house. Though platform structure 100 has a single level,
in
some embodiments, multiple floors may be constructed, with each floor being
supported by a separate brace like upper brace 200. In other embodiments,
platform structure 100 may be replaced with other types of structures. For
example, platform structure 100 may be replaced with a tree house or loft. In
other embodiments, railing 700 may be omitted. Platform structure 100 may be
used to support elevated equipment, such as antennas, receivers or the like.
[0092] In other embodiments, a brace may be used to mount a platform
structure to a post so that the platform can support an occupant or equipment.
FIG. 13 depicts one such brace 900, used to mount an elevated platform
structure 800 around a post 1000. The post may be formed of wood or plastic
or another material selected so that the post has sufficient strength to
support
the elevated platform structure 800 and objects (loads) that are expected or
26
CA 02816105 2013-05-22
designed to be placed on, and supported by, platform structure 800, such as
occupants or equipments. The selected material is also sufficiently soft so
the
post surface is deformable to allow teeth of the bracket to bite into the post
to
securely support the platform structure with the expected load. Suitable posts
may be at least several inches in width and have any cross-sectional shape
which allows for secure engagement of the brace around the post perimeter.
[0093] The brace 900 is formed around the post and comprises at least
three brackets 901 pivotally connected to one another, and has first and
second
ends separated from one another by a gap. The brace comprises teeth 917
which extend from an inner surface of the brace 900 towards the post 1000 for
biting into the post 1000 by deforming the deformable surface of the post
1000.
The brace 900 further comprises a flange 909 for supporting the platform. A
linkage 905 links the first and second ends and is adjustable to urge the ends
together to reduce the gap between the ends so as to compress the brace 900
against the post 1000.
[0094] In one embodiment, such as when the post material is similar to wood
and the shape and size of the post 1000 is similar to a tree trunk, brackets
901
may be identical to brackets 901 and the brace 900 may be assembled in the
same manner as brace 900. In other embodiments, the size and shape of the
brackets may be modified based on the size, shape and material of the post
1000 and the expected load to be supported by brace 900. For example, if post
1000 is smaller in width, the brackets may likewise be reduced in size so that
the brace can securely engage the post around its perimeter. The material of
the brackets and configuration (e.g., size and shape) of the teeth may also be
modified. The bracket material is selected so that the brace is sufficiently
strong to support the platform structure, and so that the teeth are
sufficiently
strong to bite into the deformable surface of the post. The size, shape and
angle of the teeth are configured, in view of the properties of the post and
bracket materials, so that when the brace is compressed against the post by
27
CA 02816105 2013-05-22
adjustment of the linkage 905, the teeth bite into the post, deforming the
surface
of the post so that the teeth strengthen the engagement of the brace with the
post sufficiently to securely support the platform and any expected load to be
placed thereon.
[0095] It will be understood that the word "a" or "an" is intended to mean
"one or more" or "at least one", and any singular form is intended to include
plurals herein.
[0096] It will further be understood that the term "comprise", including
any
variation thereof, is intended to be open-ended and means "include, but not
limited to," unless otherwise specifically indicated to the contrary.
[0097] When a list of items is given herein with an "or" before the last
item,
any one of the listed items or any suitable combination of two or more of the
listed items may be selected and used.
[0098] Of course, the above described embodiments are intended to be
illustrative only and in no way limiting. The described embodiments are
susceptible to many modifications of form, arrangement of parts, details and
order of operation. The invention, rather, is intended to encompass all such
modification within its scope, as defined by the claims.
28
