Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
CA 02818929 2013-05-16
SYSTFM OF THE INHABITANT'S PROTECTION DURING FLOOD
100011 Present application is based on the ripeAmAyumx patents and patent
applications
RU2093638 and US Pat. 8287209, Pat. App. US 20120175427, Pat. App. US
20100150656, Pat. App. US 20100270389, and is based on US Pat. Appl.
13/506,750 and
US Pat.App1.13/851073.
TECHNICAL FIELD
100021 The present invention relates to design of a system of the inhabitants
protection
during a flood, based on the protection of individual homes, the mass of which
is covered
plains of North America and Canada, using two group of barriers, including
simple and
cheap portative barriers height of 1.0-1.2 meters, decreasing the thawing
water flows in
the suburbs of these homes and helping inhabitants who have remained in
disaster area..
BACKGROUND ART
[00031 Flood protection is a vitally important worldwide problem, and its
significance is
permanently growing. At the beginning of the 20th century the average annual
damage
in USA caused by floods accounted up to 100 millions of US$; at the second
half of the
20th century this damage exceeded US $1 billion. In some years of the last
decade this
damage reached 10 billions of US$. The losses caused by Texas flood (2002)
totalled to
about US $1 billion. In Canada the destructive Quebec flood (1996, the river
Sagino)
caused damage equals to 750 million dollars. Manitoba and British Colombia
also suffer
from floods. The Winnipeg flood (2009) caused reduction of sowing areas. It is
known
that every dollar invested in prevention of natural disasters saves 5-10 and
more dollars.
It is known that the flood height in vast Texas's and Canada's plains does not
exceed 0.9
meters.
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Real possibilities of dams and channels are limited by material resources and
territorial
structures. Stationary and temporary installations are used for flood
protection. Stationary
installations are very expensive and thus protect only a small part of the
territory and
houses. The main means of protection against floods are temporary, mobile dams
and / or
barriers.
The applicants have analyzed a plurality of images published in Yahoo during
to last
years, and these images show that the primary means of widely used apparatus
for flood
protection are sandbags (closed and open), and huge amounts of ever-increasing
damage
shows that existing means are not able to protect against the effects of
floods and other
natural disasters. Everywhere (in America, in Australia, in Europe, and in
Asia, people
are practically defenseless against flooding. Analysis of a plurality of
patents and photos
from the field of floods shows that the main means against flood (besides
stone or create
dams) are: sandbags weighing 20-30 kg (that could lift one) and a regular
series of large
open sand bags weighing about 1000 kg. The problems and shortcomings of these
solutions are well known. However, the complexity and high labour-intensive of
said
bags filling and protection means creating significantly limits their
application.
Authors considered a number of patents applying devices for protection against
floods. In
these patents, beginning from the device represented in US6783300 (Dooleage
D.),
wherein a barrier based on a sleeve filled with water, the lower part of the
barrier is
covered with a skirt that is bent forward and a weight is loaded on the upper
surface of
this skirt. However, front-weight does not eliminate the infiltration (leading
edge is
always rising, and it is impossible to press) and almost can not increase the
barrier
stability, and the heavy blocks, stones and sandbags located on said skirt in
a front of
barrier loss a part of their weight because of Archimedean force. Therefore,
above said
barriers are able to protect in the case when the flood height is not more
than ¨ 1 meter
and allow protecting separate houses. The analyze of said patents and
following Pat. US
4692060 (Jackson J.G.), 5605416 (Reach G.W.)õ 5988946 (Reed.), 6164870 (Baruh
B.G.), 6296420 (Garbiso M.J.), 6450733 (Krill et al.), 6672799 (Earl M.D.),
6679654
(Wittenberg D., etal.), 6692188 (Walker A. G. et al.), 6957928(Malcolm B.L.),
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7431534 (Harbeck R.), 7491016 (Baruh B.G.), 7651298 (Boudeaux J.C.), 7712998
(Salemie B.)õ etc.; Pat. App. US 20040096275 (Rorheim T. 0.), 20040194426
(Shapero R. W.), Pat. App!. US 20090142136 (Thompson J.A.), 20080247825 (Bonds
R.S.), 20070243021 (Tyler T.R.), 20070154265 (Stauffacher D.A.; et al.),
20070009326
(Javanbakhsh H.), 20060147271(Cho Y. M.; et al.), 20060124913 (Keedwell C.)
shows
that none of proposed devices do not have following necessary properties for
widespread
use: 1) effectiveness, 2) the minimum sizes in the folded position, 3) low
cost, 4) the
possibility of easy installation around the house about an hour 5) does not
require any
additional components for its mounting, such components that require many
space for
storage, additional people for mounting except 1-2, working plumbing, etc.,
and these
barriers have to be able to surround a house full ring fence and to compensate
for possible
roughness of the site (30-50%). These requirements are important that a set of
owners of
small houses could acquire and use such devices.
There are many designs of mobile dams and more powerful barriers, in
particular, US
6428240 (Ehrlich P.D. et al), 6641329 (Clement M.G.), 6783300 (Doolaege D.),
7329069 (Slater et al.), US 20030118407 (Henning G.R.), 20060124913 (Keedwell
C.),
20090274519 (Shawl.), 2010025436 (Johnson, W.N.H.), 2010025436 (Johnson,
W.N.H.), 20100310315 (James P.), 20100129156 (Taylor J), 20100047019 (Hvezda
P.)
etc. The protection of areas and groups of houses it is need higher barriers
having a
height ¨ 1.5-2 meters. However, these devices do not have the following
properties that
are necessary for a wide use: 1) effectiveness, 2) quickness and simplicity of
mounting,
3) the possibility of automation, and 4) an effective protection against
leakage, and
therefore said devices are used rarely.
On the other hand it is impossible to protect the whole area, because the
means of water
removing (rivers, canals) in the sea have a limited bandwidth. Therefore, an
effective
strategy has to comprise three levels: 1) protecting individual buildings and
structures
against flooding water up to 0.5-1.2 meters, suitable for wide application,
effective, fast
and simple when mounting, compact in the storage, and cheapness; 2) protecting
against
2-2.5 meter of water, against strong flows, and managing these flows so as to
minimize
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the damage; and 3) weakening the intensity of the water flows in the places of
their
creation and on the ways of their movement. The first two are able to provide
local
protection, but no more, because the existing water removal system and water
storage in
principle not able to remove the huge mass of water moving during heavy
floods. Only
weakening water flows will improve security and increase the effectiveness of
protective
structures, barriers. The need of, at least, said three levels is defined by
following
reasons: the portable barrier for home protection can be simple and cheap
otherwise
homeowners will not use them, more powerful and expensive barrier must defend
the
territory or a group of homes. But the powerful barriers that can withstand
short-term
peaks of intensity of spring flood flows are too expensive and impractically.
Therefore, it
is necessary to weaken the means peak intensity.
The first draft, apparently, of mobile security systems, as multilevel systems
with the
distribution of functions of the flood protection between easier and cheaper
barriers able
to protect individual homes and more sophisticated and powerful barriers
described in the
applications US Pat. App!. 13/506,750 ( ) and US Pat. App!. 13/851,073 0 by
Feldman B.
and Feldman M.
There are numerous patents, designs dedicated portable barriers. The closest
constructions are represented in the patents: US Pat.4136995 (Fish D.), US
Pat. 6079904
(Trisl K.), US Pat. 6678333 (Wiseman et al), US Pat. 7762742 (Smith C.E.). All
of these
barriers use a flexible impermeable web (sheet) to protect against water
flows. The main
drawback of these constructions consists in that the lower edge of said web is
turned
forward and ballast must be installed in front, holding the front edge of said
web. Such
designs require heavy ballast installed in the front to prevent seepage. More
successful
design, proposed by the authors of the present application (US Pat.
8,287,209), in which
the lower edge of said web is turned back that makes easier to protect against
seepage and
use said ballast of different shapes and types. New design allowing
eliminating said
ballast is proposed in above said applications (US 13/506750 and 13/851073).
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US Pat.Appl. US 12/506, 750 (Feldman B. et al) represents new barrier of said
first group
that is designed to protect individual houses and building. The barrier
includes a palisade
formed strong pull up members (tubes), the lower ends of which are fixed in
the pre-
buried anchors or fixed to the ground. Each said member with two legs form a
stable
tripod. This barrier is closed in the front by an elongated waterproof web,
the lower end
of which is tucked back and pressed to the ground. This structure can serve as
a basis for
the protection of different houses and buildings.
Said barriers of said second level can be made at least in the following form:
the barriers
which ballast providing resistance barriers is loaded on the bottom connecting
the two
parallel walls. These walls in some cases can be made from a flexible material
(sacking,
geotestile, etc) supported on a skeleton or as pairs of water-filled sleeves.
Such a design
first proposed in the patent RU2093638 (Feldman B., filed. 1994, publ. 1997)
and largely
repeated in CA Pat. 2416971 (Rorheim T., 1999) and CA Pat. 2600389 (Mackay I.,
2007). The US Pat Appl. 20100270389 (Feldman B., et al.) represents an
improved
design, wherein said sleeves are periodic compressed along a vertical
direction, thereby
reducing the required filling amount of water.
The second variant is manufactured by Nesco Corp. and described in US Pat.
Appl.
20130022404 (Stinsom N.). It consists of a ballast filled gabion comprising a
number of
individual compartments. Each of these compartments is generally cubical in
shape
having an opening on the top for receiving the fill ballast. The fill ballast
is contained
within the compartment by a wire mesh frame that lends form to the geotextile
material.
Such barrier protects insufficiently against seepage and erosion of the
surface below the
barrier. It is dangerous, especially if such a barrier is located on the banks
of the river.
Specifically, the dirt or other fill material must be properly packed into the
bottom edges
around the bottom perimeter of each compartment. Stinsom's proposal underlines
this
lack of such structure. In addition, this variant makes serious demands on the
grid and
does not allow increasing the height of the barrier.
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There are many projects and patents of protection structures. The analysis of
the most
important proposals is provided in materials specified in [00011, and their
shortcomings
are said. The following publications are the most interesting among new. This
is the Pat.
Appl. US 20120207406 (Calenach E.J. et al). Applicants describe collapsible
containment structure of a protective barrier. This barrier composition set in
series boxes
filled with sand or other filler. The structure is designed in detail,
including the car to
transport the folded compact barrier. However, mounting of this assembly
requires too
much manual labor and time.
Pat. App!. US20120207545 (Bouchard PJ et al) offers an interesting option,
using
swellable materials as filling of the dam. This allows you to quickly
transport the material
for the construction of the dam, but the swelling leads to saturation with
water, and the
saturation is as great as 3000/35 = 85.7-told. Therefore, the middle density
of the dam
material is close to water density causing lower stability barrier against the
incoming
water flow, in spite of its trapezoidal cross-section and anchoring. Anchoring
system
allows the use and more simple construction, and swelling process requires a
lot of time
(the author did not say about it).
The impossibility of a fully protection against flooding by any single or even
two types
of barriers forces to consider the protection systems, including means of
reducing the
intensity of formation of water flows. This problem was first proposed in the
aforementioned applications of authors (US Pat. App!. 2010270389, 20120175427,
13/506.750).
Therefore, known patents do not offer the necessary system of flood
protection, as well as
relatively simple and low-cost barriers of the first level and barriers of the
second level
allowing increasing height, except said US Pat. Applications 13/506,750 and
13/851,073.
Summary Of The Invention
The modern conditions are characterized in that the frequency and intensity of
extreme weather events is increasing. The danger of the catastrophic flooding
caused a
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cascading effect also increases. The proposed multi-level system for the flood
protection
includes means intended for the immediate protection of people and buildings,
and means
for weakening natural hazards responsible for formation of hazardous water
flows, for
reducing the intensity of floods, improving thus the effectiveness of
protective barriers.
The first aspect of present invention consists in that, that the proposed
system includes:
(1) a plurality of simple portable barriers that can protect against the waves
up to the
height of 0.8-1.2 meters that corresponds to about 90% floods of the American
plains,
and that are mounted, mainly, KoTopme yeTanaanaaaioTcsi, protected homes;
(2) a number of more complex quick-installable barriers protecting against 1.8-
2.5 flood
and weakening the water flow reaching said portable barriers that are mounted
to areas
and a group of protected homes with regard to terrain relief and the flood
prehistory;
(3) means intended for increasing the efficiency of said protective barriers
by lowering of
intensity of thawing water flows; and
(4) means for help to people who have remained in disaster area.
The following aspect consists the proposed advanced popular portable barriers
that use
only the simplest and inexpensive components, being added occupy a minimum
space,
and can be set very quickly, by two or even one person. For its installation
it is enough to
drill in the ground necessary slit (0,3 - 0,5 meters in depth) and to use
swelling material.
It is offered mounting options of said barriers on asphalt or concrete.
Offered
construction allows using sleeves having diameter of 10-20 cm to prevent water
penetration. Said sleeves can be filled with water/air (rather simple manual
pump), or
"sleeve-cable" can be made from flexible plastic or rubber, without requiring
any pump
and, of course, without requiring any ballast.
The following aspect of this invention consists in that these barriers are
suitable for
creating on their basis more complex, long and persistent protective building,
consisting
of a whole system of such barriers, connected to each other and protective
corridors for
the removal of the people from the danger zone and / or channels to divert
water.
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The following aspect of this invention consists in that proposed design of the
quick-
installable barrier that can stop the water flows up to the height of 1.8-2.5
meters and that
can become a basis for the protection of large areas, able to protect separate
buildings
protected portable barriers. These barriers can be quickly installed and can
be quickly
prepared for the practical protection. They comprise a set of big bags fixed
to a foldable
simple skeleton, easily transportable with help of trucks, being folded and
suspended on a
conveyor that is mounted on a movable platform, for example, of said trucks,
and that can
be easily deployed on the ground when said truck is moving. The proposed quick-
installable barrier uses highly mechanized equipment for filling said bags
with sand, pulp
and other ballast and allows using different means of mechanization that are
developed
and widely used in construction industry.
The following aspect consists in that the quick-installable barriers aren't
require
use of the cranes controlled by the operator for the installation of separate
bags and said
barriers mounting.
The following aspect consists in that said quick-installable barriers allow
significantly
reducing required amount of sand in comparison with prevalent big bags without
reducing stability of barriers and allow changing the level of filling said
bags in
accordance with the profile of terrain surface.
The following aspect consists in that said quick-installable barriers allow
additionally
reducing the required amount of sand through the installation of the top air
and/or water
filled sleeve up to 0.5 meters in height.
The following aspect of this invention consists in that said portable barriers
can be used
for creation of dams on streams with steep walls, both for protection from,
and for saving
of rain water in the southern regions where water is scarce, rains are rare,
but are
abundant (connecting such barriers darns to water accumulative tanks by pipes
it is
possible to save water). Such barriers can be easy demount and saved till next
rainy
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season, having left only closed sockets for front members' installation. They
are suitable
and for snow retention.
The following aspect of this invention consists in that for fight against the
landslides,
caused by floods or excessive humidity of the soil, it is offered means,
allowing to
increase stability of soil at the expense of inserting special capsules filled
with substance
that is capable of absorbing water and extending, filling eroded cavities and
reinforcing
said soil, and also, filled with a non-Newtonian compound, which is
strengthened under
the influence of the soil begins to shift, hindering its further moving.
The following aspect consists in that special means that is able to reduce the
intensity of
water flows created by snow thawing in the places of their formation and on
the path of
their motion that makes more effective the use of said portable barriers and
said quick-
installed barriers. For this: in the autumn - promoting thawing of snow in
places of
dangerous accumulation of snow using time of positive temperatures; in the
winter ¨
creating ice dams by the way of two-stage process including (1) forced thawing
of snow,
(2) freezing thawing water using cold atmosphere so that said dams were
erected on the
paths of expected dangerous spring flows of thawing water; in the early spring
¨
accelerating thawing of snow; in late spring - promoting freezing of thawing
water on
the paths of its moving to limit the intensity of water flows; and using hot
water
packages for forced snow thawing cold water or dry ice or liquid nitrogen
packages for
following freezing.
The following aspect consists in that the proposed system includes additional
air transport
means (air vehicles), wherein at least a part of lifting force is created by
light-weight gas
and wherein ballonets filled with said gas include stretchable two layer walls
that give a
possibility to control quickly said lifting force in case of landing, take-off
and fast
airdropping a freight by means of electricity without use of pumps and heating
up said
gas. Two-layer walls include one gas-tight layer having a maximum size and
another
stretchable layer that isn't mandatory gas-tight layer. The operational
control of the
lifting force is important for supply the population by necessary products and
the
equipment. This is especially important when (a) said population has been cut
off during
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a flood, hurricanes, a tsunami, earthquakes, droughts, and a fire; (b) for
evacuation of
people from dangerous places, and (c) in case of suppression of fires.
The following aspect consists in that said air vehicle comprises means that
allow such air
vehicle landing in the water and flying up from the water and doesn't require
any special
hangar.
Brief Of The Drawings
FIGS. IA-1F illustrate a portable barrier. FIG. lA shows a common view of
said barrier; FIGS. 1B and 1C represent two embodiments of a front anchored
block using a buried block, without swelling layer and using this layer; FIG.
1D
shows said portable barrier using double sleeve; FIG.1E shows the sleeve 131a
located between said front member and the web 110, 131b-a support; FIG. 1F
shows a the sleeve 131a having a porous envelope filled with a swelling
material.
FIGS. 2A -21 represent different embodiments of fastening a front member to
the ground surface. FIG. 2A represents swelling underground block for
fastening
said front member; FIGS. 2B and 2C represent two semi-cylinder for swelling
mix
separately and buried under ground; FIG. 2D shows a inflated block; FIGS. 2E-
2G
illustrate fixing said front member to the hole expanded from below; FIGS. 2H
and
21 illustrate fixing said front member to the asphalt or concrete surfaces.
FIGS. 3A -3G represent different embodiments of simple or double sleeves; FIG.
3A shows a sleeve consisting of two tubes; FIG. 3B represents a simple tube as
said
simple sleeve; FIG. 3C represents a rubber-like simple sleeve; FIG. 3D
represents a
rubber-like sleeve including a central swelling thin cable; FIG. 3E represents
two
said sleeves connected to each another by wrapping; FIGS. 3F and 3G illustrate
two
sleeves that are joined end to end.
FIGS. 4A- 4B represent a top view and a side view of the limiter.
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FIGS. 5A- 5D show a vertical fragment of the web. FIG. 5A shows an external
view of the web; FIGS. 5B-5C show pleated edges of said web; FIG. 5D
illustrates a protection against infiltration.
FIGS. 6A- 6E represent a zigzag-like placement of said portable barrier; FIG.
6A
shows said zigzag-like barrier and its fixed means; FIG. 6B represents a
special
sheet; FIGS. 6C-6E represent different variants of fixing said special sheet.
FIG. 7A represents a truck equipped with a conveyor for transporting
quick-installable barrier of both embodiments.
FIG. 8A ¨ represent a view of the quick-installed barrier of the first
implementation: FIG. 8B -represent a view of the quick-installed barrier of
the
second implementation, for which FIGS. 8C-8F illustrate main fold lines of
walls
and a bottom of said folded barrier, and FIGS. 8G-8H represent the inset.
FIGS. 9A-9K represent a skeleton of said quick-installable barrier (the first
embodiments and further up to FIG. 12D) and fastening sand big bags to said
skeleton; FIGS. 9A ¨ 9E represent three variants of connecting elements
connecting side struts of said frames in unfolded and folded states; FIG. 9F
illustrates a possibility of the connecting element length change; FIGS. 9G
and 9H
represent the placement of big bags and their connections to each other; FIG.
91
illustrates different quantities of sand in said bags mounted on the roughness
surface; FIG. 9J represents a ballast motor for loading ballast into said
bags;
FIG. 9K shows, how set the level of sand loading.
FIGS. 10A-10H represent an additional sleeve allowing increasing a height of
quick-installable barrier. FIGS. 10A -10E represent main means of supporting
and
releasing said sleeve; FIGS. 10E-10G represent said frame and said sleeve
located
in this frame; FIG. 10H shows said sleeve made in the form of three tubes.
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FIGS. 11A-11C illustrates an advantage of proposed quick-installable barrier
and
said additional sleeve allowing additionally increasing a height of said
barrier
without additional quantity of sand; FIG. 11A-a front view; FIG. 11B ¨ a
combination of said quick-installed barrier and prevalent big bags; FIG. 11C-
a
two-storeyed combination;
FIGS. 12A-12E illustrate variants allowing fixing said adjacent bags to the
elements of said frame and to each another; FIGS. 12A-12C illustrate said
variants;
FIG. 12D represents supporting rods (or steel ropes). FIG. 12E shows a base
member.
FIGS. 13A-13B illustrate a connection of several cells. FIG. 13A illustrates a
connection of two cells at an angle. FIG. I3B shows a barrier, wherein several
cells have different horizontal cross-sections.
FIG. 14 illustrates the possibility of the spring flood water intensity
weakening.
FIGS. 15A-15H represent different means for weakening intensity of thawing;
FIGS. 15A-15F represent different embodiments of dropping blocks filled with
water; FIG. 15G represents a water-filled container, which scatters dropped
water;
FIGS. 15G-15H illustrate the placement of said blocks between mountain ranges.
FIGS. 16A-165E represent two variants of unmanned aerial vehicles having a
expanded surface; FIGS. 16A-16B represent two-fuselage UAV. FIG. 16C
represents mono-fuselage variant; FIGS. 16D-16E illustrate two variants of
said
expanded surface made from a set of several strips.
FIGS. 17A-17G represent different embodiments of said strips; FIG. 17A- shows
a simple strip; FIGS. 17B-17E show several variants of aerodynamic
stabilization of
said strips in flight; FIGS. 17F-17G show said strips inflated by opposite air
flow.
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FIGS. 18A-18E represent an ordered flock of said UAVs having expanded
surface; FIG. 18A and FIG. 18B represent trajectories of said UAVs; FIG. 18C
represents additional near-distance information communication between said
UAVs; FIGS. 18D-18E illustrate different variants of said ordered flock
turning.
FIGS. 19A-19C represent said UAVs and a transport unmanned aerial vehicles
(TUAVs); FIG. 19A shows a scheme of energy transmit from said UAV to
said TUAV; FIG. 19B shows a scheme of action on a cloud by said TUAV;
FIG. 19C represents said TUAV intended for energy transporting.
FIGS. 20A-200 illustrate different variants of useful using of said screen.
FIGS. 24A-24F represent two possible scenarios of struggle against rising
tsunami hump; FIGS. 24A-24C illustrate three consecutive steps of the use of
said
means to protect against large dangerous landslide; FIGS. 24D-24F illustrate
three
consecutive steps of a tsunami wave transformation and the use of said means
and
2D nets to weaken said tsunami wave energy.
FIGS. 21A-21F illustrate the flying vehicle using the lifting force
compensation
in the case of freight fast airdropping and the lifting force control; FIG.
21A (side
view) and FIG. 21C (top view) show three ballonets for the lifting force
control;
FIG. 21B shows a cross-section of the dirigible; FIG. 21D shows a possibility
of
the use additional ballonet together with the freight ballonet; FIG. 21E shows
a
vehicle having four engines; FIG. 21F shows a flying saucer having three
ballonets
to control landing and take-off.
FIGS. 22A-22J represents the variants of said ballonets; FIGS. 22A-22B
represent the controlling ballonets; FIG. 22C represents a holder of freight;
FIG.
22D shows the need hoops; FIGS. 22E-22G illustrate the realization of said two
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layers; FIG. 22H represents said hoops; FIG. 221 shows springs as said first
layer;
FIG. 22J illustrates the need of the fastening of two said layers.
FIGS. 23A-23B represent the possibility of compensation of lifting force
changing; FIG. 23A represents temporal dependences of compensating
processes; FIG. 23B represents a structure of a controlling unit.
FIGS. 24A-2C represent the possibility of landing on water for the aerial
vehicle
dirigible-like and hangarless storing.
FIGS. 25A-25G illustrate a geothermal device as an abnormal energy supply.
FIG. 25A illustrates an idea of said U-shaped device. FIGS 25B-25D
represent the L-shaped self-supporting thermal station and its fragment; FIG.
25E
shows a power sources scheme. FIGS. 25D-25E represent variants of said
geothermal station use for the home heating.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
The following detailed description is merely exemplary in nature and is not
intended to
limit the invention or the application and uses of the invention. Furthermore,
there is no
intention to be bound by any expressed or implied theory presented in the
preceding
technical field, background, brief summary or the following detailed
description. The
detailed description is convenient to start with the description of a portable
barrier.
FIG. 1A shows a portable barrier that is intended to protect several homes and
buildings.
This barrier is able to protect against flood water up to 1 meter
approximately. Said
portable barrier comprises a palisade of front members that are spaced apart,
vertical or
extended up and slightly slating back. Said front members 100 fastened into
the front
units 120 that are the base of said barrier. These members can be tubes or
have a various
special profile. Each said front member is supported, for example, by two
additional
supporting members 101 that lean on rear anchor blocks (or supported bearing)
121 and
forms a stable tripod. Such design represents one variant of a rigid,
geometric invariable,
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statically-determined spatial skeleton using straight members and the ground
surface to
which said members are fastened or against which they are leaned. It is
convenient to us a
collapsible construction equipment as said members and connecting elements.
Said
additional members 101 of each tripod can be connected to said front members
100 with
the help of clamps (that are not shown) in the middle part of said front
member, for
example, at a height 0.3 approximately from said front member height. Each of
pair of
these additional supporting members are located symmetrically relatively the
plane
perpendicularly to the conditional smooth surface that passes through said
front members
100. The front member and supporting members 101 can be extensible. A flexible
impermeable elongated web 110 is pulled on over said front members 100 and is
fastened
to upper part of said front members 100 with the help of clamps or by other
means (it is
shown). This web includes two parts: a upper part that is fastened to the
upper part of said
front members and a lower part of said web (a skirt) is bent and stretched
backward in the
opposite direction of the incoming water flow and pressed to the ground with a
sleeve
130 preventing the water leakage from below.
FIG. 1B, FIG. 1C and FIG. 1D represent said front member 100 and said front
unit 120
(see 150 and 151) more detail. The front member 100 is fastened into an
anchored block
150, for example, a concreted block, either directly or through special socket
151. Said
sleeve 110 is pressed the web 110 to the ground surface. The bottom surface of
said web
can be covered with hydrophobic high elastic layer (not shown). A nut 160 is
pressed a
limiter 140 and through said limiter and the lower part 111 of said web and
said sleeve
130 to the ground surface. Said front members can include an insert (coupling)
161 made
from an elastic material sufficiently of higher hardness (like a polyurethane
coupling) to
decrease a tension in the lower dangerous cross-section of said front members.
FIG. 1C
represents another variant showing a thin layer 145 made from swelling
material (a
moistening channel is not shown). Said front members 100 pass through holes of
said
sleeve 130, said limiter 140 and said web 110. Said lower part 111 of said web
is shown
on FIG. 1D that shows other variant wherein said sleeve consists of two
several sleeve
131 and 132. FIG. lE shows a possibility of lateral position of said sleeve
131a between
web 110 and said front member, where element 11 b is used as support. FIG. 1F
shows a
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possibility of using lower position of the sleeve 131a that has a porous
envelope and is
filled with swelling material. The water causes an extension of this sleeve
131a and
hinders with leakage.
FIG. 2A repeats US Pat. App!. 20120175427 (Feldman B. et al). The cylinder
filled with
swelling mixture (for example, NIPA) directly or this mixture preliminary
fills a
cylindrical container 152 including a plurality of openings 153. With swelling
(absorbing
the moisture of the soil or additional water) this mixture widens and
penetrates into
ground through said openings 153 forming an "anchor". This cylinder can be
filled with
Non-Newtonian mix (for example, Stewart Penny) that is capable to become hard
by
strong forcing (tension)-(not shown). FIG. 2B shows other variant using two
semi-
cylinders 154 made from water permeable envelope and filled with swelling mix
that can
be fastened in said pre-drilling hole 150, see FIG. 2C. FIG. 2C shows said
front unit for
fastening said front member 100 (and, correspondently, additional units for
fastening said
additional members). The lower end of the front member 100 or the special
socket for
fixing said front member is placed between said semi-cylinders, and this
assembly is
lowered into pre-drilling hole in the ground surface. After moistening said
semi-cylinders
are swelled and firmly fixed in the ground. This design is much easier and
faster and
doesn't require the preliminary mounting said concrete anchored blocks. This
part of said
front member 100 may be ended by a socket 105 for fixing the main part of said
front
member that is located above the ground surface. This design is equivalent to
said
anchored block. It can be strengthened additionally with the help of
followings means:
grooves 159, lugs, nuts, or clamps 102, a limiting upper disc 104, a limiting
lower disc
103, or their combinations. FIG. 2D shows that in place of said mix can be
used a toroidal
tire 156 that is inflated with air or water through a branch pipe 158 and is
pressurized.
The lateral surfaces 157 may be more flexible than upper and lower surfaces
156. As
swelling material different powered cross linked acrylamide or acrylate cross-
linked
polymers that are capable of absorbing up to 500 or more times its own weight
in water
(salt or fresh) can be used also.
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The FIGS. 2E, 2F, and 2G represent new variant of fixing said lower end of the
front
member, using easily created (by the simple drill) extensions. The lower
limiting disk
103 can have bigger diameter and consist, for example, from one or several two
(for an
example) petals 107 which before dropping said lower end of said front member
100 can
be bent along lines 108 relatively the main washer 109 and are pressed to said
front
member if the size "a" is not more than a size of extended part 160 having
radius "r" and
is not more than the diameter of a hole 150. These petals after unbending form
the lower
limiting disk 103. FIG. 2G illustrates that stones or full-spheres 161 clamped
between
said limiting disc 103 and 104 can be used for fixing of the lower end of said
front
member 100.
The next FIG. 211 and FIG. 21 illustrate the possibility of use said portable
barrier in the
cases when the soil around protected home is covered with an asphalt, concrete
or stones.
The front unit 166 is placed on the upper surface of said web 110 and is
fastened to the
ground surface with the help of screws 168. Further, the front unit 169 is
fastened to thin
plastic or metal plate 167 with the help of screws 169 and glued to asphalt
(concrete or
stone). These embodiments expend the range of application of said portable
barrier.
FIGS. 3A- 3B represent two variants of an elongated air/waterproof inflatable
sleeve 130.
Said sleeve can have 3-8" in diameter. FIG. 3A represents said double sleeve
comprising
two tubes 131 and 132, tightly connected to each other by welding or gluing or
stocking
(not shown), between which the through-holes 133 are made for the front
members
passing. FIGS. 3B-3C represent single cylinder wherein said through-holes are
made in
the form of inserted pipes 133 by welding or gluing. An inlet branch-pipe 134
is intended
for connecting to a filler source, for example, a pump, a gas (or air)
cylinder that is
pressurized, or a tank filled with water placed at a height of 1.5 meters or
more for filling
with water or air. FIG. 3C represents another variant of single cylindrical
sleeve 130.
This sleeve can be filled with rubber-like or flexible granules 137. Such
sleeve doesn't
afraid of pinholes. FIG. 3D represents other variant of said sleeve, inside of
which a thin
cylinder 135 made from a swelling material is located. This cylinder 135 is
connected by
thin tubes 138 to the outside that allows it moistening and increasing the
pressure to the
17
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web. FIG. 3E shows as two "sleeves" or cables 131 and 132 that is filled with
(raw)
rubber-like or flexible granules can be connected to each other. FIG. 3F shows
that such
"sleeve" can be consisted of separate pieces. These pieces 131 and 132 are
conveniently
stored during winter and easily connected with each other. A diametrical cut
139 with
ribbed surface allows connecting two pieces with each other, and then the
place of
connection it can be fastened using adhesive tape or a wrap. FIG. 3G
represents another
embodiment of last "sleeve", wherein adjacent sections of said "sleeve" have
different
diameters.
This sleeve 130 (131 and 132) filled with air or water presses said web 110
(FIGS. 1B ¨
1C) to the ground directly or through a soft hydrophobic and/or cotton-like
layer 110-1
impeding leakage of flood water. It illustrates the variant, wherein as a
result of the
screwing said nut 141 compresses the limiter 140 that squeezes the sleeve 131-
132. This
sleeve presses said lower part 111 of web 110 and said bottom layer of this
web
(hydrophobic rubber-like-not shown) to the terrain surface, preventing the
infiltration of
water. The lower covering of said web depends on the soil properties. Said
hydrophobic
cotton wool-like fiber is more convenient for sandy soil. For a dense surface
track
(asphalt, concrete) are more suitable high-adhesive coating, like, for
example, polymers
on the base of amino acid dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA). Such polymer glue
retains
its properties in water. The web that is glued with the help of this polymer
glue can be
released after flood. Said second prolonged part of web can be made from
transparent
material.
FIG. 4A shows two views of one section of the limiter 140 that has a trough-
shaped
cross-section. The adjacent front members 101 pass through these opening 142.
The side
view shows a central part of said limiter 140-2 and two outside parts 149-3.
Two shows
bends accord to hinges 143 (the top view). The top view 140-1 shows two
openings 142
intended for passing two adjacent said front members that are connected by
this section.
The lines 143 are the lines of possible bends that allow mounting said barrier
in the case
of uneven terrain surface. The side view 140-2 illustrates such bend. These
bends can be
made in the form of hinges or pasted-in flexible elements. The strip 144
represents a
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sliding (extending) section that allows using this section in the case when
the distance
between adjacent front members isn't constant because of a relief of the
ground surface.
A smoothed form 145 may be useful to angled sections do not interfere with
each other if
the barrier is bent in the horizontal plane. This limiter can be convex
upwards and can be
made from metal or plastic. The convex upward or "upward and back" of said
limiter
allows concentrating the pressure to said inflated sleeve FIG. 4B illustrates
said angled
position of said sections 140. Another embodiment of said limiter can have
only one
opening (not shown).
FIG. 5A illustrates a view of said portative portable barrier from back. The
front
members 101, the sleeve 130, the limiter 140 and the web 110 are shown. The
web 110
has to be cut preliminary in according to the relief of the protective ground
surface. The
web 110 can be fastened to the front members using clamps or other means. FIG.
5B
shows how the bend 112 allows using the rectangular web 113 in the case of the
ground
surface is roughness. The external clamp 114 allows fastened said bend 112 if
this bend is
place on the top edge of said web 113. Similar lower bend (FIG. 5C) can be
fastened by
said limiter from below. Said high flexible thin sleeve can be covered with
hydrophobic
an/not high-adhesive material. The rubber-like "sleeve" is ready immediately
to use. The
air filler requires only a compressor. The water filler requires a water pump
and a water
source. In addition in the case when said protected area has a very roughness
surface the
use of water filler can be required to use embedded valves because of the
difference of
heights causes an additional pressure that is equal to 10000 Pa/m. FIG. 5D
represents a
variant that can be useful if flood water level remains the long time. A row
of the
additional sleeves 162 similar 130 are place on the upper surface of the
expanded lower
part 111 (not shown) of said web 110 and fixed to it by ropes or cables 149.
These ropes
or cables are fixed in additional holes or hooks 147 made in said limiters 140
and
additional bars or plates 148 connecting adjacent rear anchor blocks 121 (not
shown).
FIG. 6A illustrates a variant using a zigzag-like placement of adjacent front
members. It
makes possible to strengthen additionally said barrier, connecting adjacent
front members
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101 by special sheets 170 and/or 171 that are on one side or on both sides.
Said sheet
(FIG. 6B) includes a upper and a lower connecting strong elements
(rigid or flexible) 173 and 174 that are connected two side elements 175. Said
side
elements are fixed to said front members to top end (176) of front member
(175_1,
175_2, and 175 3 ¨FIGS. 6C, 6D, and 6E correspondently) and from below of said
web
(177) if said sheet is located in the side of flood, from above of said
limiter (179) or
between said limiter and said sleeve (178) if said sheet is place from rear
side. The plane
of said sheet can be made from armoring plastic or from metal or plastic
lattice. Such
sheets strengthen said barrier and protect said barrier against water wave and
sharp object
impacts.
FIG. 7 shows the special truck 210 for transporting said folded quick-
installable barrier
200-201-202-203 and installing it. This truck is equipped with the overhead or
floor
conveyor 211 and can have a special inclined truck bed-platform 212. FIG. 7
represents
said barrier in the process of its mounting. A part of said collapsed cells
200 remain on
said conveyor inside said truck.
A quick-installable barrier of (FIG. 8A and further) is intended for
protection against 1-
2.5 meters flood water. It allows weakening strong incoming water flows and
protecting
areas, buildings and groups of separate houses. Said barrier is oriented for
maximum fast
delivery and mounting. This barrier has two implementations. The barrier of
the first
implementation consists of a set of simple cells sectioned by special frames
220 (FIG.
8B). Said quick-installable barrier 200 (a group of said cells) is suspended
from guide
rails 211 of said overhead conveyor by special sliding elements (not shown).
The frames
can comprise said sliding elements necessary for transporting said package
suspended on
said overhead conveyor or other means. A part of said collapsed cells 200
(FIG. 7)
remain on said conveyor inside said truck. Other part of said groups of cells
201-203
move along a truck bed 212, whereas a part of said groups had been set up on
the ground.
The next cell 201 is shown. The installation of said barrier includes the
following steps:
(1) fixing the frame (final frame) nearest to the truck cab to the truck by a
final cable; (2)
fixing the extreme front frame of the extreme cell on the output position of
said
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conveyor; (3) anchoring said extreme front frame into the ground (for example,
by cable);
(4) moving said truck for the distance equal the longitudinal length of one
group of said
cells (between adjacent frames), and moving the extreme group of said cells
from said
conveyor to the truck bed and extending said package; (5) permanent moving
said truck,
pushing one next group of said cells after another, moving said group to the
truck bed
and moving the extreme groups to the ground. The cable that is attached to the
cabin
creates the necessary tension and allows stretching fully this barrier. Said
final cable is
released after moving last cell to the ground. During this process each
extreme frame can
be inhibited (stopped, slowed down) on the extreme position located on the
truck with
special grippers (they are not shown) to provide a complete unfolding all
cells. Said
frames can comprise one or more pins (they are not shown) directed down and
fixed
along one or more longitudinal lines. Said truck and its truck bed comprise
one or more
corresponding grooves so that said pins don't interfere moving said cells.
These pins can
be useful for fixing said barrier to the ground.
A first embodiment of said extended celled quick-installable barrier is shown
in FIG. 8A.
Adjacent cells are divided from each other by frames 220. Adjacent frames 220
spaced
apart are connected to each other by main connecting elements 244 and 245 and
form
unified said barrier. One or more big bags are fixed between each pair of two
adjacent
said frames, and these bags form each said cell. The big bags 240 intended for
filling with
sand made from sacking or special plastic are placed between said frames 220.
Adjacent
bags of each pair are connected to each other from above (232) said frame and
from
below (not shown).
FIG. 8B represents the second embodiment of said quick-installable barrier
described in Pat. Appl. 13/506750 (Feldman et. al.). This embodiment is
characterized in
that folded walls are said connecting elements. The possibility of use of
reinforced walls
allows using a sand-gravel mix. Such quick-installable barrier comprises a
trough-shaped
open from above closed-end elongated water-impermeable housing 290 having a
rectangular or trapezoidal U-shaped cross-section and is sectionalized and
being folded
also can be suspended on a conveyor, mounted on a movable platform, for
example, of
21
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said trucks, and that can be easily deployed on the ground when said truck is
moving. The
proposed quick-installable barrier uses highly mechanized equipment for
filling said bags
with sand, pulp and other ballast and allows using different means of
mechanization,
developed and widely used in construction industry. A quick-installable
barrier (FIG.
14A) is intended for protection against 1- 2.5 meters flood water. It allows
weakening
strong incoming water flows and protecting areas, buildings and groups of
separate
houses. The bottom and walls of said housing are covered an envelope 292 that
is made
from a water-proof strong material generally (and even sacking) and is
attached to a
sequence of equidistant located quadrilateral rigid frames 291 of the same
cross-section
and made of reinforced plastic or metal tubes or beams of special profiles.
These frames
can be made from tube filled with water under pressure. The envelope is
fastened to said
frames 291. The internal space of said housing is intended for filling with
heavy ballast
chosen from the following group, including; sand, soil, pulp, wet sand,
cement, concrete,
gravel, sandbags, or their mixes. Said cell can have 4, 5 or 6-gonal
horizontal cross-
section.
FIGS. 8C-8D illustrates how the possibility of folding said barrier that is
important
difference from the first embodiment. FIG. 8C represent lines of the fold;
these lines are
shown as dotted lines on the walls 222 and the bottom 221 of said envelope.
The internal
space of said housing is sectionalized into equal cells (FIG. 8C). The
longitudinal length
of said cells is not more than the width of said housing. Further, said
envelope is
partitioned into groups of said cells by said frames, each of said group
includes "N"
adjacent cells, where: N=1, 2..., where: N ¨ the natural number. These cells
can be
separated from each other by flexible or inflexible continuous aprons. The
horizontal
lines all-a12, a21-a22, and a31-a32 are separating lines that separate
adjacent cells from
each other (d) and correspond to said frames (the case of N=1). FIG. 8C shows
an
enlarged fragment of said walls. The lines bll-d11-b21 and b12-d12-b22
separate said
walls from the bottom (b). The lines cll-c12 and c21-c22 are cross midlines
(a) of
corresponding cells. Said envelope of the housing 290 can be pleated using
said dotted
and said think lines, but so that said think horizontal lines all, a21, and
a31 have to
remain immovable. FIG. 14C illustrates conditionally the scheme of folding. A
central
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segment ell-e12 is formed by two vertexes ell and e12 of the right angles of
the
triangles bll-ell-b21 and b12-e12-b22. When approaching to each other said
frames
all-b11-b12-a12 and a21-b21-b22-a22 said central segment el 1-e12 lifts, the
points dll
and d12 come nearer, said triangles bll-ell-b21 and b12-e12-b22 are folded
around
midlines dll-e 11 and d12-e12, correspondently, the walls al 1 -b11-b21-a21
and a12-b12-
b22-a22 of this cell are folded around midlines cll-dll and c12-d12,
correspondently.
The midlines cll-dll and c12-d12 come nearer to the triangle midlines dll-e 1
1 and e12-
d12, correspondently, as shown FIG. 8D. As a result said frames all-b 11-b12-
a12 and
a21-b21-b22-a2 will coincide. Corresponding areas of said walls are marked as
293 and
296. If suppose that the thickness of said frames is equal to 5 cm, and total
the thickness
of 4 folded walls dll-ell-bll, ell-b11-b12-e12, dl 1-el 1-b21, and b21-ell-e12-
b22 has
approximately the same value, then each cell having the longitudinal length
1.4 m will be
squeezed by packetizing in 14 times approximately.
The opposite walls of said housing can be connected by different aprons, for
example,
cables, nets, or plastic sheets to hold the shape of said housing by loading
ballast. These
partitions can be located between lateral sides of said frames, or they can
connected the
opposite walls between said cells if the space between said these adjacent
frames-
spreaders comprises more than one cells. FIG. 8E shows that said walls (for
example,
294) of said housing can be strengthened by reinforcement, by gluing (or by
any
fastening) inextensible or almost inextensible thin rigid sheets 295, and said
walls can be
assembled even from rigid panels connected by hinges, but so that they don't
interfere
with the folds around said foldable lines. The bottom can be made from a
plastic net or a
sacking that allows using a concrete as ballast for said barrier of a
permanent structure.
The package should be prepared in advance (maybe even together with removable
rails of
an overhead conveyor in order for the new package can be quickly installed)
and further
these packages are installed on special trucks that are equipped with the
overhead
conveyor. Short dotted lines in FIG. 8E show that are additional fold lines in
the case if
given cell has a hexagonal form (FIG. 8E is a conditional image because of the
walls and
the bottom of said hexagonal cell form a non-planar surface). A barrier
intended for
flood protection and water or snow retention, suitable for use in rough
terrain.
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The design of said barrier allows increasing the height of said barrier. The
frames can
comprise special holes made in upper part that allow inserting additional
vertical rods or
tubes and fixing a strip of flexible water-proof web. The lower edge of said
web can be
fastened to upper edge of said wall (walls) with the help of zipper, Velcro-
like and/or
high adhesive covering. The possibility of height increasing allows
compensating the
roughness of the ground surface. The reinforced walls and long boom of said
motor
ballast pumps allow using said barrier to partition off little rivers. The
first said truck
located above on a current can be protects the second truck during mounting
protective
barrier.
However, even the most powerful barriers and the real quantities available
ballast and the
real sewer systems (rivers and diversion channels) are powerless before the
peak of the
masses of water created by natural processes. Therefore, reduction of the peak
intensity
of the streams of water is the main problem, for the solution of which is the
following
additional means.
Said barriers can protect houses or building or area, but cannot protect
against landslides
that can be caused by flood and sharp increase of level of ground waters.
Feature of landslides is that swelling soil or a layer of the earth and the
stones, located
over it, unexpectedly quickly slips down, covering located on its way of
people and
construction. Different methods of fixing of the soil on steep slopes are
widely used, but
it is physically impossible to fix all dangerous places. Two processes occur
before the
landslide will move: loosening of connections of a dangerous layer with
underlying soil
by fuzzying of separate places of the middle layer, connecting a dangerous
layer with
underlying soil and natural or artificial elements (stones, trees, fixing
elements), fixing a
dangerous layer, and in process of loosening of connections of a dangerous
layer the rise
of tension in said layer. Two problems are connected to landslides: fixing of
slopes and
danger warning.
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FIGS. 8G shows inset p-cll-q. The position pl ql ¨normal, the length of the
upper line
a21-c11-al 1 is equal tO the length b21-d11-b11. The position p2q2 corresponds
to upper
line is more, the position p0q0 the lower line is more. These insets allow
take into
account the relief of area.
The main connecting elements 244 and 245 connect the adjacent side struts 223
to each
another with the help of hinges 248 (FIG. 9A). The additional connecting
element 246
allows fixing the angles of this connection. Said connecting elements are able
to be
folded for compactness on the conveyor using hinges 247 with fixing. FIG. 9B
shows two
adjacent folded cells. These connecting elements and lateral struts form a
parallelogram
that widen possibilities for mounting in the conditions of roughness ground
surface. The
following FIGS. 9C and 9D represent more complete and less free design of said
connecting elements that requires. FIG. 9E represents more simple
construction. FIG. 9F
illustrates a possibility of the connecting element length change. The
connecting element
244 (245) comprises a slot 238, inside of which said hinge 248 in an axis 239
can move
for reducing said connecting element length (in the case if adjacent cell are
located at an
angle). A fixing element is not shown.
FIG. 9FG illustrates a placement of said big bag in unfolded barrier (a side
view).
The frames separate each pair of two adjacent bags 240. The base member 221 of
said
frames and the bar 231 are shown (their cross-sections) Two adjacent bags are
connected
by ropes or cords (for example) 232 and 234. FIG. 9H represents a top view.
The open
bag is filled with sand 247. The side struts 223 of the frame are shown. The
upper edges
of adjacent bags are connected 232 by the cord. The bottom edges (232) of said
bags are
connected also. The set of open bags are convenient for sand loading.
The proposed design allows to reduce essentially an amount of necessary sand
(sand, dirt,
pulp, stone) that is used for the creation of such barriers having given
height.
The height of said side frames 220 is chosen more than the expected height of
flood 262
in the lowest location of said barrier (FIG. 91). This figure shows each big
bag must be
filled only necessary height of sand and, correspondently, amount of sand 260
that is less
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that in the case when preliminary filled bags are used. The stepped level 263
shows
approximately amount of sand when it is used widespread sandbags (this level
263 is
defined from calculation that in the lowest place of given area the barrier
consisting of
two bags that are mounted one above the other is sufficient).
FIG. 9J shows as a special motor ballast (waste) pumps 204 (that are analogous
to known
"motor concrete pumps" or "motor waste pumps") can load the internal space of
such
cells of the quick-installable barrier 200 that had been installed on the
ground with ballast
(soil, pulp, flowable, sand, wet sand, cement, concrete, gravel, sandbags, or
their mix, or
bulk ballast). It uses a special placing boom 205. It is desirable to have the
group of said
motor ballast pumps that allows loading said ballast evenly and gradually.
Automobile
transporters can be used additionally for loading sandbags, stones and the
like. In many
cases the flood happens near any river, and dredges can be used for
stockpiling sand and
loading said motor waste pumps. This controlled boom allows directly loading
the
interior of said housing. The proposed design allows realizing a straight line
of mounting
said quick-installable barriers. For example, if said barrier is located near
the river, a
working digger loads one after another the motor ballast pumps, which move,
unload said
ballast and come back to the river for new loading. The barrier can be
equipped
additionally with special light lamps located on the top edges of each cell
helping to
orient said boom (even automatically). The most popular model uses to boom
with a 36,
41 and 48 m. They are completed with high- pumping capacity of 150 nodes and
180 m3
/ h. Using the modern equipment as a guide we can assume that the rate of
installation of
said quick-installable barriers can reach 50 meters per hour and even more,
i.e. a team
can establish the quick-installable barrier at the rate of 1 km per day that
is impossible for
any other known variant of barriers.
FIG. 9K shows that after installation of said barrier on the ground surface as
separate
skeleton with empty bags the proposed design of said protective barrier allows
to load
such amount of sand (said level 262) into said bags 240 how much it is
necessary taking
into account the relief of given area and preliminary predicted level of
expected flood. A
pointer 261 (for example, a laser level pointer) indicates the given level.
The horizontal
26
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laser ray 268 indicates said necessary level and a receiver on said motor 264
(FIG. 9J)
gets this information, for example, using a set of photo receivers 265. A
control device
(not shown) of said motor ballast pump 204 analyses said information, defines
necessary
amount of sand and loads said amount of sand, beginning from level 266 and
ending level
267. Monitoring of level of loading can be supervised or a measuring
instrument of level
(not shown) that is fixed to the nozzle of the end of said boom 205 or
measuring
necessary amount of sand on its weight, or any different way. For setting or
determination of necessary level different known geodesic instruments (by
theodolite,
level, or other) can be used.
Practically identical level of sand in all bags and superfluous height of side
struts side
struts, at least, those struts that are located on the side placed in opposite
to flood, creates
additional possibilities. FIG. 10A shows two holders 225 and 251, between
which a
folded sleeve 250 is placed. This sleeve can be placed in said truck in the
form of a
separate roll and can be drawn out in case of relocation of said barrier from
said truck to
the ground surface. The following figures illustrate one of possible variant
of
construction. FIG. 10B represents said crossbeam bar 231 that is held in said
position by
a holder 237_1. A pusher 235 and a compressed spring 236 placed inside a
cylinder 230
press said bar 231 to said holder 2371. A fork 234 holds said bar in
horizontal direction.
The holder 237_1 can be removed (in position 237_2) manually or automatic
according
to special signal. The moving away said holder 237 releases the left end of
said bar, and
the spring 236 pushes out said bar 231 that drops down together with upper
edges of
adjacent bags 240 (these edges are fixed to ledges 233) to the upper layer of
sand. The
holders 251 turn together with said holders 237 and release said sleeve 250
that drop
down also to said upper layer of sand. FIGS. 10C-10E illustrate this process.
FIGS. 10D-
10E shows a view in the direction of the arrow "A" (FIG. 10C). The lines 250_1
show
edges of said sleeve 250. FIG. 10D shows folded sleeve 250 and the vertical
holder
251_1. FIG. 10E shows displaced holder 251_2. FIG. 1OF repeats FIG. 8C. FIG.
10G
shows the third position of said sleeve 250_3 that is placed on the upper
level of sand. In
this position said sleeve is connected to any pump of water and air and is
filled with
water or air. Special ropes 253 fixed to side struts 223 or base members 231
and more
27
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higher struts 223 located from behind hold said sleeve 250 in this position.
The flood
pressure presses said sleeve to said rear strut 223. These ropes are placed
between said
bags and can be stretched by special units (not shown) after releasing said
holders 251
and 237. Smaller pressure of a upper flood water layer allows to increase
barrier height at
the expense of the additional sleeve filled with air, reducing need for sand.
Lower surface
of said sleeve can be covered with a hydrophobic layer for leakage reduction.
FIG. 10H
shows the frame 220. The frame 220 comprises a base member 221, two side
struts 223,
an additional upper member 224, and a crossbeam unit 230 connected to each
other. Said
unit comprises a bar-holder 231 that is movably mounted in said crossbeam unit
230. The
front strut 223 that is nearest to flood comprises a holder 225 for holding a
folded sleeve
250. Said sleeve 250 is placed between said holder 225 and a movable member
251
connected to said front strut 223. Between each pair of adjacent frames said
big bag 240
is placed, edges 241 and 242 or which is shown in this FIG. 10F. The upper
edge of each
said bag is fixed to previous bag (not shown) by special cord 232 or any other
means.
Further FIG. 10H represents other 3-sleeves variant 250_4 that allows more
effective
using filler. Three sleeves are enveloped with "fishnet" stocking 254 that is
additionally
connected by thin threads 255.
FIG. 11A represents a front view of said quick-installed barrier and
illustrates that such
sleeve 250 allows increasing the height of said protective barrier up to 0.5
meters using
only air filler. The zone between two lines AB and CD shows the economy in
sand,
reached by the offered design. FIG. 11B and FIG. 11C represents two-storeyer
design of
our barrier. The lower barrier uses extended base member 221-ex (224 and 231
that are
not shown). The upper surface of this lower barrier is the plane surface and
does not
depend on the ground surface. Therefore, it allows mounting the second floor,
using
either prevalent big bags or above-described quick-installed barrier. In the
last case it is
useful to use connecting elements FIG. 9C-9D. These elements allow assembling
unbending skeleton, lifting it with the help of one or two cranes and
installing this
skeleton to top of said first floor. The ends 222 of said base member 221 are
able be
separated to improve the sustainability (FIG. 12E).
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FIG. 12A illustrates one variant of connecting two adjacent bags. Strips 276
that are
sewed on surface of the bag comprise a set of openings 277. These openings are
intended
to be put on pins 278 of said base member 221 (FIG. 12B) and on ledges 233 of
said bar
231 and on ledges of said upper member 224 (FIG. 8C). FIG. 12C represents
another
variant of connecting two adjacent bags 240_ and 240_2. Two strips 276_1 and
276_2 of
these adjacent bags comprise a group of corresponding openings 267, and a
plastic cord
or rope 279 passes through these openings and fixes these bags to each
another. FIG.
12D represents other variant, wherein said side struts 223 are fastened to the
ground
additionally with the help of extension supporting ridgepoles (supporting rods
or
ridgepoles or bracings) 280 and extension clutches or tension buckles 282.
Said clutches
280 are fixed to the struts in the points 281 and are anchored to the ground
or supporting
to supporting plates 283. FIG. 13A illustrates the location of adjacent cells
284 and 285 at
an angle. The reducing of connecting elements move the frame 220 from the
position
220-im to the position 220. FIG. 13B represents said barrier that includes
normal cells
287 and expanded cells 287 and 288 that allow the barrier stability
increasing.
However, even the most powerful barriers and the real quantities available
ballast and the
real sewer systems (rivers and diversion channels) are powerless before the
peak of the
masses of water created by natural processes. Therefore, reduction of the peak
intensity
of the streams of water is the main problem, for the solution of which is the
following
additional means.
One of the main causes of spring floods is extremely rapid snow thawing,
especially,
close to the riverheads. It is desirable to remove at least a part of snow
mass in autumn
and early winter in the form of thawing water, and reduce the amount of
accumulated
snow. Freezing the thawing snow in winter it is possible to delay spring
thawing. These
barriers ice will melt slowly and delay of the flow of thawing water. FIG. 14
illustrates
this process. The curve 301 shows the intensity of thawing. Curve 302
illustrates a
decrease in the intensity of the snow thawing if snow removes preliminary 304
and
another portion 303 of the thawing is delayed. It is shown the weakening of
the process
of the spring thawing.
29
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All said above barriers can protect against flood water having height up to
2.5 meters,
may be 3 meters. But, firstly, it is almost impossible to provide with these
means all
necessary places, secondly, the height of floods in separate places often
exceeds also this
value, and, at last, rising of water is connected to that existing natural and
artificial means
of deleting (removal) water aren't capable of delete a rising water flow
quickly.
Therefore the important task is not only protection of separate houses and the
territories,
but lowering intensity a rising water flow to approach it to possibilities of
systems of
deleting water.
Annually this problem arises in connection with thawing of snow. Pat. App!.
20120175427 (Feldman B. et al.) offered a group of devices for lowering
maximum is
offered intensity of thawing of snow, but these methods are bound to specific
places and
consequently have limited application. This proposed system for flood
protection
comprises additional means intended for weakening main water flows caused fast
thawing snow. Two main procedures for weakening thawing water flows are
offered: (1)
during the winter, in a cold season, in dangerous places where it is necessary
to delay
thawing, create a set of barriers, including a set of ice barriers on ways of
expected water
flows in the foothills or on plains; (2) in the spring, at the thawing
beginnings in those
places where it is necessary to accelerate thawing narrow glades, facilitating
a way of
thawing water. For creation of said barriers, comprising ice barriers, it is
used the
following means: (a) the thin boxes filled with water 401 (FIG. 15A), which,
falling
broken off and water freezes, or water freezes in sais boxes forming ice
arrays; (b) the
boxes 402 filled with water 412 and having a thin flexible envelope filled
with air 411
(FIG. 15B) softening a strike the ground, and said boxes can be broken off
automatically
or artificially; (c) unit 403 (FIG. 15C), including filled with oblate air (or
nitrogen) the
container 416 and/or the bulb 414 filled with water, a plastic balloon 413
which has
hydrophobic fluffy covering 415. Such balloons can fall in the collapsed
status and after
falling can inflate. And further: (d) unit 404 (FIG. 15D) including a
container with water
418 and a harmonious cardboard box 417 (tucks 419 are shown), which unfolds
after
falling. For creating water flow channels and an acceleration of thawing are
used big
CA 02818929 2013-05-16
boxes 405 (FIG. 15E) filled with hot water. FIG. 15F represents a possible
example of a
container 420 for water dropping down in case of a fire. The container 420 is
made from
an easy cardboard which does not permit water scattering in air (it is offered
by Boeing).
But in case of extinguishing burned houses the massive container is able to
break a roof
or to destroy walls before will start to extinguish. Therefore, walls 421 and
422 of our
container are strengthened (two-three layers of a cardboard), and built-in an
explosive
warhead 424 which can be blown up on the timer, a height sensor or a radio
signal 425.
As a result slightly distributed stream will pour from said container over
burning house.
The different walls 423, 432-1, and 432-2 allow controlling the grade of water
scattering.
All these means are dropped down to given local zones from any flying means in
the
form of concentrated arrays. Similar boxes filled with cold liquid nitrogen or
dry ice can
be used for water flows freezing to stop or delay the very strong water flows.
Said
elongated packages and boxes for the formation of ice masses are laid down
preferably
transverse to the paths of expected thawing water flows, and wherein said
elongated
packages and boxes for creating water flows are laid down preferably along the
paths of
possible ways of thawing water promoting these water flows. This task is very
similar to
fire extinguishing by concentrated water array. FIG. 15G and 15H show,
correspondently, placement of the specified means between two mountain ranges.
The second reason of the severe floods are the showers caused either arrival
of rain
clouds or hurricanes. In both cases showers come from the sea. There is no
other source
of water, except the sea (ocean) or huge lakes. Pat. App!. 20120175427
(Feldman B. et.
al.) offered to use the shadow screen comprising a plurality of unmanned
aerial vehicles
(UAVs ¨FIGS. 16A, B) having expanded surface (UAVESes) flying in the form of
ordered flock for weakening danger flood and, correspondingly, the intensity
of
dangerous water flows. This flock is able to cold the rain saturated cloud
coming nearer
from the sea and to promote condensations of water drops and triggering rain
above
ocean surface. FIGS. 16A-16B illustrate said aircrafts. A two-fuselages
aircraft FIG. 16A
comprises a front wing 501, two fuselages 502, a rear wing 503, two tail
assemblies 504,
and two propellers 505 connected to electrical engines (not shown). Energy
source of
such aircraft is a plurality of solar cells (not shown) that are placed on
upper surfaces of
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said wings and fuselages. The central part located between said fuselages 502
can be
made from rigid plane or from thin non transparent film 506 (FIG. 16B). This
film 506
can be fixed to said rear 503 and front wings 501 permanently or can be ropes
511 with
the help of which can be rolled and unrolled only in flight. This film can
include also a
group of embedded thin tubes 513 that are connected through branch pipe 512 to
an
internal air pump (not shown) that allows smoothing out said film.
It is very important that said UAVESs, a plurality of which compose said
flock, should be
technological and cheap. The design (FIG. 16C) corresponds there requirements.
FIG.
16C represents more simple and cheaper one-fuselage embodiment of said
aircraft. Said
screening surface is formed by either one wide or a group of narrow thin film
strips 508
that are fixed to the front wing 501. Other modern possibility is the use of
thin flexible
solar cell fabrics. The rear ends of said strips can be fixed additionally by
sliding or
turning rod 514 J or a pair of inflatable tubes 514_t connected by their ends
(FIG.16D
and FIG. 16E). FIGS. 17A-17H represent a set of possible variants of said
strips
implementation. These strips can be fixed to the wing 501 directly or can be
connected to
one or more several reels connected to electrical motor(s) or spring
mechanism(s) (not
shown). FIG. 17A shows a simple strip. FIG. 17B represents said strip that
comprises a
vertical thin plastic bar (like a rubber bar) 517 placed on upper surface near
its end, and
that forms together with said strip a tail-like assembly. This bar is designed
to stabilize
said strip position. FIG. 17C and FIG. 17D represent other variant of
aerodynamic
stabilization with the help of special cut 515 using an air stream. It is
possible to use the
combinative variant as it is shown in FIG. 17E.
FIG. 17F shows yet another variant wherein said strip includes two (in this
figure) or
more built-in tubes 516. These tubes are connected to an air pump (not shown)
embedded
into said wing 500 that allows unrolling said strip. FIG. 17G shows a variant
wherein
said strips 508 together with said built-in thin tubes 516 are connected to
said wing
501together with wing flaps 518 of a monoplane or biplane embodiment. Each of
said
strips is a continuation of corresponding channels 507 made inside said wing
501. The
front openings 519 of said channels can be dilated to concentrate an input air
flow. These
32
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opening can be closed by takeoff and can be opened in flight. These strips can
have
resilient walls that are able to roll said strips in non-working state (as
self-rolling) and
allow unrolling in flight. Said strips can consist of folded rigid plates (not
shown).
This UAV 520 having expanded surface (UAVES) can have a size up to 50*100 sq m
or
more and have the definite place in the ordered flock (FIG. 18A). Using modern
GPS
(GPS-IIF-2 or high-precision inertial navigation) the distance between
adjacent aircrafts
in said flock can be 0.6-1 meters or less. This allows creating the screen,
comprising a
plurality of said UAVESs, having the expanded surface providing approximately
up to
70% of density. The quantity production, 3D printers and modern materials give
the
price of UAVES (without additional antennas and generators) together with only
necessary solar cells will not exceed $10 000. FIG. 18B shows that lengthening
a path
510 of said aircraft allows moving all flock. Three GPS ( or other navigation
means)
receivers (two on the wing ends and one on the tail allow fully defining the
position and
incline of said UAVES. These data are sufficient for the simplest program,
controlling
said flock moving (FIG. 18A). FIG. 18B shows (510) moving said flock as whole.
FIG.
18C shows additional ultrasound or light sensors 509 that allow additionally
controlling
the distances between adjacent UAVESs additionally including dangerous
situations.
Said UAVES being in-flight having an expanded surface has a rectangular or
diamond-
shaped horizontal shape allowing creating a screen of the greatest possible
density.
FIG. 19A represents two said types of said unmanned aerial vehicles: UAVES 520
and a
transport unmanned aerial vehicle (TUAV) 530. The upper surface of said UAVES
520
(at least a upper surfaces of said strips or only said strips) is covered with
a plurality of
solar cells 521. These cells are connected to a storage battery 522 by printed
conductors-
wires (not shown). The generator(s) 523 is connected to antenna(s) 524. Said
TUAV 530
comprises a rectenna(s) 531 that is connected to second generator 532
supplying a laser
533.
The new technology of a Wirelessly Transmit of Electricity developed by Volvo
Technology Japan Co., Ltd. and Nippon Dengyo allows wirelessly transmit of
electricity
33
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to distance of 4-6 metes (very high efficiency up to 84%). This new method
uses a
frequency of 2.45 GHz (the most lower of transparency range that begins from
this
frequency). The approaching said UAVES and TUAV and their joint flight on such
distance are quite real that makes this method can be competitive to direct
transmission of
the charged units. Therefore, a plurality of said UAVESs 520 forming screen
having a
sufficient density and can simply reflect a sunlight falling on them or by
means of solar
elements to turn falling energy into an electric current and to use, for
example, as will be
shown below.
FIG. 19A represents also said TUAV 530 equipped with a generator 532 and 60-
femtosecond laser 533. The results of new researches (J. Kasparian, et al)
show that 10-
sm rays of such laser allow acting to rain drops: 3.5 TW and more powered
laser rays are
able to trigger rain. On contrary the low-powered rays cause lowering humidity
in air and
hinder with a rain. The modern laser of this type has too large volume, but in
the near
future it is possible to expect that their location at airplanes becomes
possible.
FIG. 19B illustrates an action such TUAV equipped with such laser on a rain
cloud to
cause a rain in such region where it will bring more favor or won't put a
damage, for
example, above ocean. FIG. 19C shows a scheme of action on a hurricane by said
TUAV.
FIG. 19D represents said TUAV intended for energy transporting.
Another source of water flows are cloudbursts. Typically, rainclouds are
moving from sea
or large lake to the land and bring water. If too much water, it turns into a
terrible
disaster, washing away crops and villages, causing loss of life, with its
abundance. It is
possible two ways to reduce the intensity of water flows: (1) the trigger rain
above the sea
or lake or (2) to delay of rain, stretching region of precipitation and
reducing their
intensity in each part of their way. The heating of the upper part of the
raincloud allows
delaying the precipitation. This promotes evaporation of moisture, crushing of
ice
crystals, preventing condensation and expansion of raindrops. In addition, the
heating of
the upper part of the cloud can help to reduce through melting snowflakes and
their
transformation into a more easily removable moisture. On the other hand, glaze
ice and
34
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ice storm forming in the icy rain in the area of warm air front by cold air
near the ground
surface may be weakened by heating the earth's surface. The same effect can be
useful to
protect the agricultural against the frost. These effects require a
significant energy source,
which can be only Sun. However, the possibility of using solar energy depends
on the
state of the atmosphere. Cloudy weather may be on the order to weaken the
solar flux.
Therefore, it is useful to separate the functions of: energy obtaining and its
use. It is
convenient to receive solar energy at height 20 - 25 km or above (above the
ozone layer,
which absorbs UV energy). The force of the wind reaches its maximum at the
height of
km (30 m/s), to the heights of 20 km it decreases to about 10 m/c, and the
wind
pressure is relatively low, the air is less dense and the load acting on the
structure is 30-
40 times. This allows leaving the main clouds with lightning and possible
routes of
passenger aircrafts and allows the use of airships with an extended surface
(of the order
of 10E4-10E5 sq m) to accommodate the solar cells. On the other hand, airships
having
an extended surface is not able to quickly change the height and descend for
the exchange
of energy, but able to transmit energy or by ray, or to use any auxiliary
special transport
means.
FIG. 20 illustrates different possibilities of the useful use of said sun
radiation screens,
according to US Pat Appl. 20120175427 (Feldman B. et al). Monitoring weather
centers
and management stations are not shown. FIGS. 20A-20B illustrate said screening
effect
on the example of Aral Sea. FIG. 20A shows the approximate dependence of the
amount
of evaporated water (1) for each month of the year (Pat. RU 2026472, Feldman).
This
curve is based on old data when the sea degradation rate was lower. The
vertical scale is
conditional. The ice melting began in April, and water evaporation increases
sharply. In
September the external temperature decreases, and water evaporation decrease.
The
curve 2 has been calculated, and it shows how said water evaporation decreases
depending upon of delay of ice melting that can be achieved by increasing the
thickness
of the ice (by freezing), by covering ice with a protective layer, and also by
means of
delaying the ice melting using chemical substance or screening sun radiation.
The
melting delay of 1 month is capable of saving about 20% water (2) of total
volume of
evaporation water (FIG. 20B). This idea can be useful in Canada taking into
account that
CA 02818929 2013-05-16
Canadian lakes lost more than 1.2% of original area over the last 10 years.
FIG. 20C shows that in case of danger that any part 600 of ocean surface 601
can appear
overheated (temperature more 26.5 C) the artificial cloud 603 is capable of
reducing a
share of solar energy flux reaching surface of ocean and preventing from the
further rise
of said ocean surface temperature. FIG. 20D shows that the artificial cloud
603 is capable
of helping a preservation of the glacier 602. FIG. 20E illustrates a
possibility of rain
initiation in the necessary place 604. The artificial cloud 603 located above
rain cloud
weakens a solar energy flux that cools the upper part of this rain cloud 605,
promotes ice
crystals (drop condensation centers) formation, and causes a rain 606.
Simultaneous use
of known means of rain initiation (iodide silver, small particles, laser
radiation etc.) can
only strengthen this effect. FIG. 20F illustrates other frequent case when
monsoons or
other winds bring said rain or snow clouds 605 causing flooding (or snow) at
coast.
Timely notice about moving rain cloud 605 (for example, by means of
satellites) above
ocean surface allows to create the artificial cloud 603 which can initiate
earlier rain or
snow 606 over ocean decreasing total quantity of water in cloud and to weaken
possible
flooding. FIG. 20G represents an opposite case. The artificial cloud 603s that
is capable
to strengthen solar energy flux 607 warms the upper part of the rain cloud and
promotes
melting of existing ice crystals that interferes with their formation and an
origin of rain in
the said place. FIG. 20H shows a possibility of strengthening of wind and,
accordingly, a
efficiency of wind generators 613 creating on the one hand from generators
(windward
side) cooled area and, correspondently, increasing atmospheric pressure 611,
and, on the
other hand (leeward) heating up by means of other artificial cloud or any in
another way
an opposite area and reducing pressure 612. It causes a wind strengthening.
FIG. 201
shows that said artificial cloud 603 cools a lake surface 621 preventing water
evaporation. FIG. 20J shows that said artificial cloud 603 cools a droughty
area surface
621 preventing with water evaporation and keeping water in soil. It can be
useful and for
the Aral Sea in Central Asia, for the Salton Sea in southern U.S. and for Chad-
lake in
Central Africa, and can be useful for Canadian lakes. FIG. 20K shows the
protection of
dry forest 640, wherein the forest fire is possible. The cloud located over
any edges of the
ice field allows strengthening this edge of the ice. Such artificial cloud
could be flying for
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many years using a minimum of material (e.g. film thickness up to 51_1 and the
area of
about 30 thousand square meters for each UMAV). Such clouds can be moved to
another
location desired in given time. As such "umbrellas" can be used and the clouds
created
from short-living frozen soap bubbles. Metallic surfaces located on the ground
under
said screen can increase effect of said screens.
FIG. 20L illustrates a possibility of moving clouds, changing a solar
radiation flux and
creating a temperature difference in adjacent areas. It is enough to change
temperature
only on the one part. FIG. 20M illustrates yet another opportunity,
independent or
accompanying one of other processes shown in Fig. 20C and FIG. 201. The cloud
603
reduces the amount of solar energy reaching the ocean surface 621 causing a
decrease of
water temperature and, consequently, increases CO2 absorption. The average
solubility
increment depends on many factors, but at normal pressure it can be accepted,
as 0.045
grams/liter*degree Celsius. It is known that a surface layer 631 having
thickness that is
equal to some meters (we shall accept, 10 meters) is capable of cooling in a
night (i.e.
losing the heat that was received throughout the day). If in following day the
temperature
of the layer 631 will not be restored (because of said deficiency of heat)
then the layer
630 will start to be cooled. Let us assume that said layer 630 has 10 meters
thick. We
shall accept that as a result of 10 % of solar deficiency within several days
the
temperature of a layer 630 will fall off on 5 degrees Celsius. Then the volume
that is
equal to 10 cu. m (10000 liters) appropriating 1 qu. m of ocean surface will
absorb
0.045*10000*5 = 2,25 kg CO2. 109 tons of CO2 or 1012 kg require 4.4*1011 qu. m
by
10% covering, and, correspondently, 4.4 millions of UMAVs, each of which
comprises
membrane having square that is equal to 100*100 qu. meters. This quantity is
not too
great if to consider necessity and that annual production of cars (much more
complex)
exceeding 70 million units. This storage is dynamical; an ocean current
carries away
water together with absorbed CO2, there this water slowly heats up and
allocates gas
back. Said process of absorption proceeds continuously in the meantime in a
zone
covered with said cloud in the meantime where coming new water is sated with
CO2.
FIG. 20N shows a coastal sea area 632 and a coast 631. In the morning the
intensified
solar energy flux 607 warms coastal sea area 632 that has not had time to cool
down yet
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for a night. The water vapors 633 rise upwards 634 and are carried away to
coast by
morning breeze 635 sated with a moisture. Many dangerous weather phenomena are
connected with formation, transformation and movement of atmospheric fronts.
Shielding
of sunlight and cooling warm air masses, that are usually located above an
inclined
surface of said front, can assist in said front tailing and easing of
intensity of dangerous
phenomena. FIG. 200 shows that cooling of the edge of the ice field 650 allows
to
strengthen this edge and to make easier navigation.
The following items represent means for the help to people who have remained
in
disaster area.
FIG. 21A, 21B and 21C (the top view) represent an airship (a hybrid, or a
flying saucer,
or etc.) having a hull 700 (flexible in the case of the dirigible) that is
fixed to a rigid
skeleton (not shown) of said vehicle. Said skeleton include a frame 710. Said
vehicle
include three, for example, preferable, cylinder-like ballonets 701, 702 and
703 having
gas-tight walls and filled with light-weight gas, for example, helium. These
ballonets are
able to become elongated downwards bounded by guides 711, 712, and 713 under
action
of some force directed downwards. The vehicle can include either only one
ballonet (701
or 702(703)), or two ballonets (702 and 703), or all three as FIG. 21A shows.
The vehicle
including said 702 and/or 703 ballonets that intended to control landing using
inflated
balloons 705. FIG. 21D shows a possibility of the use additional ballonet 706
and
additional engine 734a that connects said stretchable walls and the frame 714
attached to
said skeleton and that is able to compensate fully freight 730 in the case
when the
possibilities of the ballonet 701 is not sufficient. The "ring" 715 is rigid
"ring" fastened to
said envelope of said wall(s) and fasted to said frame 710 that is a part of
said skeleton.
The ballonets 701 and 706 can be common ballonet or can be divided by rigid
plane (not
shown). This ballonet 705 can be used to control landing and take-off The
ballonets 702
and 703 can be used instead of said ballonet 701. FIG. 21E represents a top
view of said
dirigible together with four lateral cruise engines 716. FIG. 21F shows a
variant of a
flying saucer that comprises one freight ballonet 701 and three ballonets
(702, 703, and
704) to control landing and/or take-off.
38
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The ballonet 703 (for example) is shown in FIG. 22A and 22B. Said ballonet
includes an
inextensible top 743 and bottom 741 covers. These covers are gas-tight or are
additionally protected by gas-tight material 745 and 744. Side walls 742 will
be described
below. The edge of said bottom cover 741 are connected through a symmetrical
group of
solid connections 735 to a device 734 that is controlled by a signal 737 and
connected
through a rod or a cord 736 to the frame 710. This vehicle can include fixing
means
excluding some vibrations of said bottom cover when said vehicle moving. The
expansion of side walls 746, preferably preliminary expanded, of said
ballonets (702
and/or 703) changes the lifting force and allows controlling the processes of
landing and
take-off said vehicle. FIG. 22C represents a part of said ballonet 701 that is
intended for
fast airdropping freight 730 (see also FIG. 21A). Said ballonet 701 is fixed
to said frame
710 of said skeleton and has an expandable side wall (s). Freight 730 is fixed
to said
bottom cover 741 of said ballonet with the help of claws 731 on three or more
sides (or
on four sides in FIG. 21C). These claws 731 are shown as example. They are
hung by
hinge(s) 732 and include grips 733 for fixing to said guides 711 excluding
some
vibrations of said bottom cover 741 and said freight 730 when said vehicle
moving. After
the signal "drop" (not shown) the claws 731 go from the position "b" to the
position "a",
release said freight 730 that airdrops downwards, release said grips 733 from
said guides
711, and allow lifting said bottom cover 741 compensating increasing said
lifting force.
FIGS. 22F-22J illustrate a structure of said wall(s) of said ballonets. Said
wall(s) include
two layers: one layer, for example, the first layer 742 (internal or external)
has "super
elastic" properties, preferably, preliminary tensioned; the second layer 749
is gas-tight
envelope. The use of two-layer structure is connected with extreme complexity
to
combine the requirement of extensibility of said side wall and very high
ability of helium
to diffuse. Said envelope of the ballonet 701 has a height that is equal to
maximum
vertical size of said ballonet by maximum freight. The gas-tight envelopes of
said
ballonets 702 and 703 are defined their maximum volumes that are need to
control said
landing and tacking off. Each said ballonet includes a set of closed thin
inextensible
hoops 708 (FIG. 22H) made from metal, plastic, or composite and the form of
which
corresponds to the horizontal cross-section of the appropriate ballonet. Said
hoops can
39
CA 02818929 2013-05-16
include additional internal structure (not shown) to provide saving their
form. Said hoops
are located equidistantly approximately and fastened to each said envelope.
The first
layer can be placed either near each said envelope (FIGS. 22F and 22G), or
fastened to
said hoops 708 (FIG. 22E). FIG. 22D illustrates the need said partition. The
area of the
triangle "ceh" is more than the summary areas of two triangles "cdf' and
"deg", though
the lengths of broken lines "eghfc" and "egdfc" are identical. The opportunity
to change
lifting force at the expense of direct influence of the attached freight
allows excluding the
need of use of built-in pumps or light-weight gas heating up for change of
said lifting
force. It significantly reduces a weight of the equipment and time of this
process. The use
of polyurethane allows stretching by 3-4 times under the influence of the
freight. In case
if the volume of said balloon is changed (for simplicity of the cylinder
having a radius "r"
of the base and the height h of said cylinder), then er2*Ah and the lifting
force receives
the increment:
AF= er2*Ah*(da-dg), where: da-dg ¨ the difference of specific weights of air
and
light-weight gas.
The weight P causes increasing the height of said cylinder:
Ah/h =P/2*ex*r*t*M, where: M- coefficient of elasticity, t- thickness of said
envelope, x- auxiliary coefficient.
For AF>P and real value: r=20 m, h=20 m, t=0.2 sm:
1\45.1.2/x (MPa).
Only polymers can have M= 0.1-10 MPa. The rubbers have M=3-8 MPa. However,
new materials belonging to a class of hydrogels show the best values, for
example,
Zhigang Suo (Harward university) developed a new material on the basis of
alginate and
polyacrylamide. The ionic communications of broken-off molecules of alginate
allow
distributing uniformly an energy of impact on all area and all volume of this
material, it
protects molecules of polyacrylamide which provide elasticity of a hydrogel
material
from a rupture. Such interaction of two components leads to that hydrogel,
stronger than
rubber, can be expanded by 20 times of rather initial length. For example, the
most elastic
material of a natural origin rubber can be expanded by only 5-6 times. The
second layer
provides tightness therefore the first can consist of separate tapes, wires or
even springs
CA 02818929 2013-05-16
(FIG. 221) that corresponds x<1. It is desirable that the first layer was
fastened to all
hoops, or at least to part of hoops (FIG. 22J).
FIG. 23Aillustrates the process of fast airdropping said fright on the example
of such
hybrid, in which said light gas creates at least a part of the lifting force
(LF). Till FD
(freight dropping) time moment such hybrid losses a speed and several means (a
thrust
vector control or additional engines or light gas heating) compensate the
reduction of said
lighting force (an interval a-FD) and turns into hovering state. In the time
moment FD
after freight airdropping the lifting force sharply increases (an interval FD-
b) and further
decreases to the equilibrium value (the line of abscissa). The regime 0
corresponds to safe
option of said hybrid then the construction doesn't have time to react. Such
design is the
most desirable and economic. Alternatively, it I s necessary to compensate
said freight
airdropping at the expense of creation of an artificial gravity, and such to
move this
dependence to the position 0, using additional engines or the thrust vector
control. The
increase of rigidness of the upper surface of a dirigible and the use of the
appropriate
form of this upper surface, whereby the pressure center at lifting lay on one
vertical with
the center of gravity, allow moving the line 0 in situation 1 or even 2 and to
exclude need
of compensating. It is possible to use either the thrust vector control (FIG.
21D represents
four engines) or three or more additional jets located on top of said air ship
(not shown).
FIG. 23B represents the diagram of a controlling system. A control unit 738
receives
signals (a) from sensors (not shown) of a vertical acceleration or of threads
tension or of
pressure in said balloon 701 and (b) from "Drop start" signal. Stretchy
flexible sensors
that are developed in Hong Kong can be used as vertical threads. The control
unit 738
controls mechanisms of said freight 730 release (claws 731 by means of
controllers 739)
and regimes of compensating engines 737.
FIG. 24A shows said vehicle 750. 751 represents reduced volume of said vehicle
by
landing. 752 ¨ additional external ballonets that are used for touch to the
ground. FIG.
24B illustrates landing said vehicle on water between breakwaters 753 that are
anchored
754. FIG. 24C shows the top view of said external ballonets 752 (or other
balloons)
having a cut 755 that is closed by a zipper 756 (for example). The
controllable slider 756
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CA 02818929 2013-05-16
allow quick to open this cut. Such additional external ballonets can be filled
with air (if
landing on ground) or filled with water ballast when said vehicle landing on
water. It is
possible landing on the bottom by shallow water (by flooding). Such
possibility allows
unloading or loading said vehicle very easy.
The use of geothermal devices of the self-supporting mode as abnormal power
source is
the most economical. The self-supporting device is proposed in our patent
RU2064141
(1996, Feldman B.Y., Feldman M.B.)-FIG. 25A (This idea is repeated in T.-H.
Yang's
US Pat. 7062911(2003), JP2005283014 (2005), EP1596139 (2005)). The vertical
tubes of
ascending heated heat transporter fluid 811 and of descending cooled heat
transporter
fluid 812 are buried in the ground. At the depth they are connected to each
other with the
heat exchanger 815, for example, a tube, in which said heat transporter fluid
is heated
from the heat of ambient ground. Said vertical tubes are insulated from the
ambient
ground. The different height of these vertical tubes prevents the penetration
of the
heated fluid (lighter) to the tube 812 and plays the role of one-way valve.
The
disadvantage is the need of the tilt of used heat exchanger 50-200 meters in
length that
requires two boreholes and, more importantly, a connecting gallery between
them. The
new L-shaped self-supporting device is represented Ha FIG. 25B. The notation
is the
same as in FIG. 25A. The hydro (liquid) traps or siphons 816 and 819 are
thermally
insulated from the ambient ground, and they as one-way valves prevent from
reverse
movement of heat transporter fluid. Therefore, the tubes 811 and 812 may be
located in
the one borehole, but it is desirable that two branches 817 and 818 of the
heat exchanger
815 belong to one horizontal plane spaced apart. They may be thermo conductive
connected to each other. The space around said heat exchanger has to be filled
with
thermo conductive filler. There are technologies of inclined (horizontal)
drilling (slant
drilling, horizontal drilling). Horizontal drilling has long been used in
straight pipeline
corridors that can't be excavated (highways, take¨offs etc.). The temperature
increasing
weakens the operation of said self-supporting device FIG. 25B, and may even
stops it, if
the pressure difference, created by the difference of the densities of
descending and
ascending fluid flows will not be in sufficient to overcome the resistance of
entire path. In
the case of stopping the temperature in the entire path will be approximately
constant.
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The automatic start of said device will begin then the ambient air temperature
falls to
necessary value. For this it need the upper valve (liquid trap) 816 and
similar upper heat
exchanger 813-814-815. To combat against snow, such devices are needed only
episodically, but the rest time the circulation of the heat transfer fluid can
be switched to
other upper heat exchangers that able to use the heat for other purposes, for
example for
electricity generation and transfer it into common power network, and it is at
the frosty
periods, when the demands for electrical energy are maximum (not shown). The
control
of devices can be external, using data on temperature, snowfall and time, but
can be and
autonomous using the readings of the sensors and hours (it is not shown). The
proposed
devices can be useful in Polar Regions, in the mountains, etc. They can be
used as
emergency energy sources in the event of natural disasters, except perhaps
earthquakes. It
is possible variant when lower heat exchanger can be immersed in water having
a
constant positive temperature in the cold areas, and especially in those
places where the
water flow increases heat removal that is limited in the underground. It may
be suppose a
coaxial variant (FIG. 25C) or the variant (FIG. 25D) using the vertical part
of two tube
isolated 821-822 of the borehole and an inclined borehole including an
inclined heat
exchanger 824 and an isolated part 825. The upper valve- liquid trap 816 is
necessary,
separating the upper heat exchanger 813-814 from the ascending tube 811.The
seasonality of work is the feature of said self-supporting devices that is
useful for
weakening maximum melt water flows and for compensating maximum energy
consumption at the very cold time. When this device is used to protect a road
(highway)
against icing-over it is possible that this icing appears directly after long
warm time
period. In this it is possible that the motion of liquid delays too long due
to the slow
convection of cold water in a narrow tube 812(822). Therefore, the little pump
823 (FIG.
25E) is useful 2-3 times per year according to weather forecast signal 829 and
can be
energy supplied from the storage battery 827 that is charged during to whole
year from
solar cells 828.
We estimate the parameters of such devices, limited to the turbulent regime,
and
assuming that the tube material and design shall be such that thermal
expansion of tubes
43
CA 02818929 2013-05-16
in the operating temperature range can be neglected, and the upper and lower
tubes heat
exchangers represent the equivalent of the same length.
Let us introduce the following notations:
Tg ¨ the temperature of the ground at a depth of H meters ( C);
Ts ¨ the temperature of the terrestrial surface( C);
ta ¨ the ascending water temperature ( C);
td ¨ the descending water temperature ( C);
tm ¨ mean temperature ( C);
g ¨ the acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/sec2 );
Ha Hd H ¨ heights correspondently of the ascending and descending tubes
(m);
L ¨the length of underground tube, tube-heat exchanging (m);
w ¨ water velocity (m/sec);
p ¨ the water density (g/m3);
D - the tube diameter (m);
¨ heat transfer coefficient (ccal/m*h* C);
v ¨ kinematic viscosity (m2/sec);
a ¨ the heat transfer (ccal/m2* C);
c ¨ the specific heat (ccal/kg* C);
P- the pressure (Pa);
Nu ¨Nusselt number, Pr ¨Prandtl number, Re =U*D/v -Reynolds number; TC =3 . 1
4 1 6 .. . ;
Q ¨total heat transfer (ccal).
At first: the stationary flow requires that the pressure drop caused by the
difference of
weights of the liquid in said descending and ascending tubes was sufficient to
overcome
the resistance (using Blasius's law):
AP= g*Ap*H? 0.316*(1/d)* p*(u2/2)* [HaiReo.25 -o¨
c)]+Hd/Re .25(-15 C)] +
2* [L/Re 25(-5 C)] z0. 16* p*(ui.75/D 25)*{H*[v( .25)(5oc)+
v( .25)(-15oc)]2ii* v( 25)( ..5o";
This implies that:
U1'75<6.25*g*(Ap/p)*DI.25*( 1 /10/ 25)(5 C)+V( .25)(_ 15 C)]
( 1 +L/H).
44
CA 02818929 2013-05-16
An approximate calculation of the following conditions: Ts = -15 C, Tg= +5 C,
ta =
+5 C, td= -15 C, D=0.2 m, the heat transfer liquid 30% CaC12that is liquid at
the
temperature above -50 C.
Correspondently: Ap/p = 0.0072; v( 25)(5 C)= 0.044; v( 25)(-15 C)-0.055; k=2;
Whence L/H= (0.313/ U1:75)-1;
At second: the length of the lower heat exchanger has to be sufficient to heat
the heat
transfer liquid:
a* (70L)*(Ts ¨ tm) > 0.25* (7r*D2)*U*c* p*(ta-td);
where: a=Nu* k/D; and if U>0.1, Re(5 C)=0.02/3.776*10(-6)=5260>2300,
therefore,
the mode is turbulent;
Nu= 0.021*Re 8*Pre 43*(Prl/Prw) 25*E; and let us suppose that c=2, then
[p4_5oc)o43]*[(pr(..5oc)/[pr(5oc)10 25*6
z,11.64;
1050*uo.8; c=0.651; p=1300; or L=145*U *2;
at third, the value H has to correspond to the constant positive temperature,
i.e. H>15 m.
We choose 1-1¨ 25 m, that corresponds to U=0.2 m/sec and L=106 m. In the case
of the
horizontal arrangement the length of the horizontal gallery for self-
supporting mode
should be equal to 53 m.
The circulation of the heat-carrier on the floors in the house of 850 can be
replaced by a
scheme of FIG. 25F, in which the upper heat exchanger 851 (814 and 815) is
connected
to the rods 852 and flexible trains 853 with a high thermal conductivity, for
example,
graphite, which carry the heat along the entire object. It is possible to use
heat pipes. FIG.
25G illustrates the use of underground heat in a small house. This circulating
heat can be
used either directly, or connecting said upper heat exchanger to a transformer
"heat-
electricity", for example.
