Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
CA 2864349 2017-04-18
ORGANIC CLEANING MIXTURE COMPRISING SOAPBERRY EXTRACT AND
SAPONIFIED OIL
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is related to U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 14/046,692,
filed October 4, 2013, now U.S. Patent No. 8,835,370, issued September 16,
2014,
which is related to U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 13/959,311, filed
August 5,
2013, now abandoned.
BACKGROUND
Most commercial cleaning/detergent formulations are designed to efficiently
clean either industrial, domestic and/or communal hard surfaces, soft
surfaces,
including all natural, organic, synthetic and blended fibers, or organic
surfaces
including, but not limited to, human skin and hair and animal skin and hair,
but not all
three. Compositions, formulations and solutions known in the art generally
comprise
a solution of surfactants having various ionic charges, in particular
surfactants that are
non-ionic, anionic, cationic, or amphoteric in nature, acids, caustics,
solvents,
penetrating agents, oils, and/or alcohols. Many of these formulations are
harsh,
however, and are not naturally occurring.
Other detergent/cleaner formulations known in the art include linear
alkylbenzene sulfonates (LA Ss), e.g., sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 2-
butoxyethanol, chlorine bleach (e.g., sodium hypochlorite (Na0C1)), and other
synthetic or manmade chemicals, such as glycols and non-natural surfactants
and
ammonia, many of which are toxic and damaging to the environment. In cases of
intensive prolonged exposure, such chemicals can be toxic to those using the
compositions for cleaning. Over time, the toxic effects of such compositions
have
become more widely known, and it has become desirable to attempt to avoid
exposure
to such toxic materials.
SUMMARY
The presently disclosed subject matter provides a cleaning/detergent
composition, formulation and/or solution that primarily comprises naturally
occurring
ingredients, provides effective cleaning/detergent action on a variety of
surfaces, and
1
CA 02864349 2014-09-19
is generally safe(r) to use and is less toxic to the user and the environment
than
existing cleaning/detergent compositions.
In some aspects, the presently disclosed subject matter provides an organic
cleaning mixture, comprising one or more soapberry extracts, one or more
saponified
oils, and optionally one or more of sodium carbonate (also referred to herein
as
washing soda), sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide, mixed in varying
ratios
in a solvent in an amount sufficient for the mixture to exhibit commercially
acceptable cleaning properties.
In particular aspects, the mixture comprises up to about ninety five percent
(95%) by weight soapberry extract, up to about thirty three percent (33%) by
weight
saponitied oil, and up to about three percent (3%) by weight sodium carbonate,
not
including water.
In yet other aspects, the mixture comprises up to about eighty two percent
(82.0%) by weight soapberry extract, twelve percent (12.0%) by weight
saponified
oil, and one point five percent (1.5%) by weight sodium carbonate, not
including
water.
In other aspects, the mixture comprises from about five percent (5%) to about
ninety five percent (95%) by weight soapberry extract, from about 0.1% to
about one
hundred percent (100%) by weight saponified oil, and optionally from about
0.5% to
about thirty percent (30%) by weight of one or more of sodium carbonate,
sodium
hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide, not including water.
In particular aspects, the mixture comprises from about twenty percent (20%)
to about eighty-five percent (85%) by weight soapberry extract, from about
0.1% to
about eighty percent (80%) by weight saponified oil, and optionally from about
0.5%
to about thirty percent (30%) by weight of one or more of sodium carbonate,
sodium
hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide, not including water.
In yet more particular aspects, the mixture comprises from about sixty-five
percent (65%) to about eighty-five percent (85%) by weight soapberry extract,
from
about ten percent (10%) to about twenty-five percent (25%) by weight
saponified oil,
from about 1% to about 15% of a thickener, and optionally from about 0.5% to
about
three percent (3%) by weight of one or more of sodium carbonate, sodium
hydroxide,
and potassium hydroxide, not including water.
In even yet more particular aspects, the mixture further comprises one or more
components selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide, ethyl
palmate,
2
CA 2864349 2017-04-18
sodium hydroxide, calcium chloride, one or more enzymes, silica, and one or
more
Fragrances.
In further aspects, the mixture comprises from about 0.0 % to about five
percent (5%) by weight soapbcrry extract, from about 90 percent (90%) to about
one
hundred percent (100%) by weight saponified oil, from about 1% to about 15% by
weight of a thickener, and optionally from about 0.5% to about three percent
(3%) by
weight of one or more of sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and potassium
hydroxide, not including water.
In yet further aspects, the mixture comprises from about twenty percent (15%)
to about twenty-five percent (25%) by weight soapberry extract, from about
seventy
percent (70%) to about eighty percent (80%) by weight saponified oil, from
about 1%
to about 15% of a thickener, and optionally from about 0.5% to about thirty
percent (30%) by weight of one or more of sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide,
and
potassium hydroxide, not including water.
In accordance with an aspect, there is provided an organic cleaning mixture
comprising from about five percent (5%) to about ninety five percent (95%) by
weight soapberry extract, from about 0.1% to about 95% percent (95%) by weight
saponified oil, and optionally from about 0.5% to about thirty percent (30%)
by
weight of one or more of sodium carbonate and an alkali, not including water,
.. wherein the mixture comprises at least one of (i) not less than 95 percent
by weight
organically produced raw or processed agricultural products, or (ii) at least
70 percent
by weight certified organic ingredients, excluding salt and water.
In accordance with an aspect, there is provided a detergent comprising the
organic cleaning mixture as described above.
In accordance with an aspect, there is provided a laundry detergent comprising
the organic cleaning mixture as described above.
In accordance with an aspect, there is provided an organic cleaning mixture,
comprising from about ninety percent (90%) to about 100 percent (100%) by
weight
saponified oil, optionally from about 0.1% to about five percent (5%) by
weight of
sodium carbonate, and optionally from about 0.5% to about ten percent (10%) by
weight of a viscosifier, not including water, wherein the mixture comprises at
least
one of (i) not less than 95 percent by weight organically produced raw or
processed
agricultural products, or (ii) at least 70 percent by weight certified organic
ingredients,
excluding salt and water.
3
In accordance with an aspect, there is provided a laundry detergent comprising
the organic cleaning mixture as described above.
In accordance with an aspect, there is provided an organic cleaning mixture,
comprising from about 64% to about 95% by weight soapberry extracts, from
about
0.1% to about 33% saponified oils, from about 0.5% to about 3% by weight
sodium
carbonate, and from about 0.5% to about 2.5% by weight of a viscosifier, not
including water, wherein the mixture comprises at least one of (i) not less
than 95
percent by weight organically produced raw or processed agricultural products,
or (ii)
at least 70 percent by weight certified organic ingredients, excluding salt
and water.
In accordance with an aspect, there is provided an organic laundry detergent
comprising the mixture as described above.
In accordance with an aspect, there is provided an automatic dishwashing
detergent comprising the mixture as described above.
In accordance with an aspect, there is provided an organic cleaning mixture
comprising about 65% by weight soapberry extract, about 33% saponified oils,
about
1% by weight of a viscosifier, and about 1% by weight glycerin, not including
water,
wherein the mixture comprises at least one of (i) not less than 95 percent by
weight
organically produced raw or processed agricultural products, or (ii) at least
70 percent
by weight certified organic ingredients, excluding salt and water.
In accordance with an aspect, there is provided an organic cleaning mixture
comprising: from about 0.1% to about 95% soapberry extract, from 0.1% to about
99.9% saponified oil, wherein the mixture comprises at least one of (i) not
less than
95% by weight organically produced raw or processed agricultural products, and
(ii)
at least 70% by weight certified organic ingredients, excluding salt and water
and
wherein the mixture does not comprise soap bark.
In accordance with an aspect, there is provided an organic cleaner, soap, or
shampoo comprising the mixture as described above.
In accordance with an aspect, there is provided a cleaner, soap or shampoo
comprising the mixture as described above.
Such materials are mixed in a solution, for example, in some aspects, with
water, for use as a cleaning/detergent composition.
In accordance with an aspect, there is provided an organic detergent
comprising the mixture described above.
3a
CA 2864349 2019-11-26
In accordance with an aspect, there is provided a detergent comprising the
mixture described above.
In accordance with an aspect, there is provided an organic laundry detergent
comprising the mixture described above.
In accordance with an aspect, there is provided a laundry detergent comprising
the mixture described above.
In accordance with an aspect, there is provided an organic automatic
dishwashing detergent comprising the mixture described above.
In accordance with an aspect, there is provided an automatic dishwashing
detergent comprising the mixture described above.
Certain aspects of the presently disclosed subject matter having been stated
hereinabove, which are addressed in whole or in part by the presently
disclosed
subject matter, other aspects will become evident as the description proceeds
when
taken in connection with the accompanying Examples as best described herein
below.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The presently disclosed subject matter now will be described more fully
hereinafter with reference to the accompanying Examples, in which some, but
not all
embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter are shown. Like numbers
refer
to like elements throughout. The presently disclosed subject matter may be
embodied
in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the
embodiments
set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this
disclosure will
satisfy applicable legal requirements. Indeed, many modifications and other
embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter set forth herein will
come to
mind to one skilled in the art to which the presently disclosed subject matter
pertains
having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions
and the
associated Examples. Therefore, it is to be understood that the presently
disclosed
subject matter is not to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and
that
3b
CA 2864349 2019-11-26
CA 02864349 2014-09-19
modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the
scope of
the appended claims.
I. ORGANIC CLEANING COMPOSITION
In some embodiments, the presently disclosed subject matter provides an
organic cleaning/detergent composition, formulation and/or solution. In
particular
embodiments, the presently disclosed solutions comprise a carrier, such as
blend
water, comprising effective amounts of a soapberry extract in combination with
one
or more saponified oils, glycerin, optionally one or more of sodium carbonate,
sodium
hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide for pH adjustment (if required) or as a
residual
reagent from the saponification process; and a natural viscosifier or
thickening agent.
Such a solution can be used as a cleaning agent/detergent, which exhibits
commercially acceptable cleaning properties.
As used herein, the ten-n "commercially acceptable cleaning properties" refers
generally to the degree of cleanliness, extent of effort, or both that a
typical consumer
would expect to achieve or expend when using a cleaning product or cleaning
system
to address a typical soiling condition on a typical substrate or surface. This
degree of
cleanliness may, depending on the particular cleaning product and particular
substrate,
correspond to a general absence of visible soiling, or to some lesser degree
of
cleanliness. For example, a cleaner for a hard surface would be expected by a
typical
consumer to achieve an absence of visible soiling when used on a moderately
soiled,
but relatively new hard surface, but would not be expected to achieve an
absence of
visible soiling when used on an old hard surface that already bears permanent
stains
or discoloration. Cleanliness may be evaluated in a variety of ways depending
on the
particular cleaning product being used (e.g., laundry detergent, hard surface
cleaner,
or the like) and the particular hard, soft, or organic surface being cleaned,
and
normally may be determined using generally agreed industry standard tests or
localized variations of such tests. In the absence of such agreed industry
standard
tests, cleanliness may be evaluated using the test or tests already employed
by a
manufacturer or seller to evaluate the cleaning performance of its cleaning
products
sold in association with its brand.
Further, although the term "blend water" is used in connection with the term
"solution," at least one of the components of the presently disclosed
composition can,
in some embodiments, be only "miscible" in water and accordingly does not go
into
4
CA 02864349 2014-09-19
solution. Thus, the term "solution" is intended to encompass all such terms as
"composition," "formulation," "mixtures," "emulsions," and "solutions" and
such
terms are used interchangeably herein.
Soapberries, also referred to as "soapnuts" are the fruit of shrubs or small
trees
belonging to the genus Sapindus, which includes a number of species including,
but
not limited to, Sapindus delavay, Sapindus detergens, Sapindus emarginatus,
Sapindus Sapindus marginatus, Sapindus rnukorossi, Sapindus
oahuensis,
Sapindus rarak, Sapindus saponaria, Sapindus tomentosus, Sapindus trifoliatus,
and
Sapindus vitiensis.
For example, fruit from the Sapindus mukurossi tree also is known as washnut,
tiha, reetha, aritha, dodan, and doadni, as well as soapben-y or soapnut. The
Sapindus
mukurossi tree is a deciduous tree widely grown in upper reaches of Indo
Gangetic
plains, Shivaliks and sub Himalayan tracts at altitudes from 200 m to 1500 m.
Sapindus mukurossi fruit extract has cleansing, anti-bacterial, and anti-
fungal
properties, among others, and it provides a less irritating alternative to non-
natural
chemical formulations.
In some embodiments, the bark of bush or tree from the genus Sapindus can
be used, and is referred to herein as "soapbark." In representative, non-
limiting
embodiments, the soapbark can be obtained from an Quillaja saponaria, or so-
called
"soap bark," tree. Soap bark can impart detergency properties, as well as
function as a
foaming agent.
These properties have been attributed to the saponin found in soapberries and
soapbark. Saponins are natural surfactants and have a diverse range of
properties,
including foaming, cleaning and emulsifying, pharmacological and medicinal,
and
haemolytic properties, as well as antimicrobial, insecticidal, spermicidal and
molluscicidal activities. Saponins are amphipathic glycosides comprising one
or
more hydrophilic glycoside moieties combined with a lipophilic triterpene
derivative.
Generally, saponins are the glycosides of 27 carbon steroids or 30 carbon
triterpenes.
Soapberries have been used for washing for thousands of years by native
peoples and have been included, for example, in natural laundry detergents.
In some embodiments, the soapberry extract is provided in an amount ranging
from about sixty five percent (65%) to about ninety five percent (95%),
including
65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, and 95%, and any integer percentage and fraction
thereof from 65% to 95%, depending on product function. In other embodiments,
the
5
CA 02864349 2014-09-19
soapberry extract is provided in an amount ranging from about five percent
(5%) to
about ninety five percent (95%), including 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%,
40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, and 95%, and any
integer percentage and fraction thereof from 5% to 95%, depending on product
.. function.
A saponified oil suitable for use with the presently disclosed compositions,
formulations, and solutions can be prepared by hydrolysis of a vegetable oil,
i.e., a
triglyceride extracted from a plant, or an animal fat with a strong alkali,
such as
sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or combinations thereof, to form the
carboxylate salt, e.g., a sodium or potassium salt, and glycerol (also
referred to as
glycerin, i.e., propane-1,2,3-triol (C3H803)).
Representative saponified oils suitable for use with the presently disclosed
compositions, formulations, and solutions can be prepared by the
saponification of
vegetable oils and animal fats known in the art including, but not limited to,
almond
oil, apricot kernel oil, avocado oil, babassu oil, beef tallow, borage oil,
canola oil,
castor oil, cocoa butter, coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, crisco
shortening, emu
oil, grapeseed oil, hazelnut oil, illipe butter, jojoba oil, kukui nut oil,
lard, macadamia
nut oil, mango butter, neem oil, olive oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, peach
kernel oil,
peanut oil, rice bran oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, shea butter, soybean
oil, stearic
acid, sunflower oil, walnut oil, and wheat germ oil.
The saponified oils used in the presently disclosed methods generally are
substantially free of glycerol. By "substantially free" is meant that the
presently
disclosed compositions, formulations, and solutions comprise, in some
embodiments,
less than about 1.0 percent by weight, in some embodiments, less than about
0.5
percent by weight, in some embodiments, less than 0.25 percent by weight, and
in
some embodiments, less than 0.1 percent by weight of the total composition. In
other
embodiments, however, glycerol, can be added to the presently disclosed
compositions, formulations, and solutions.
One of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that the ingredients, such
as
the oil and the alkali, used in the saponification process can influence the
characteristics of the presently disclosed cleaning/detergent composition,
formulation,
or solution. Such characteristics can include, but are not limited to,
hardness or
softness of the soap product, cleansing ability, fluffy lather, stable lather,
stability in
solution, and, in some embodiments, skin care qualities.
6
CA 02864349 2014-09-19
For example, coconut oil provides a stable solution with excellent cleaning
ability and a fluffy, but unstable, lather, whereas palm oil also provides
excellent
cleaning ability, but, in contrast to coconut oil, provides a stable, but not
fluffy, lather.
Olive oil contains natural antioxidants and creates a creamy lather, whereas
beef
tallow forms a firm, white bar and creates a stable lather.
Further, potassium hydroxide can be used to prepare a soft soap or liquid soap
due to its greater solubility, whereas sodium hydroxide can be used to prepare
a bar
soap. In some embodiments, any residual or excess alkali can be removed to
decrease
the harshness, irritability, and/or potential toxicity of the soap.
In some embodiments, the saponified oil is provided in an amount ranging
from about zero point one percent (0.1%) by weight to about thirty three
percent
(33.0%) by weight, including 0.1%, 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, and
33%, and any integer percentage and fraction thereof from about 0.1% to about
33%,
depending on product function. In other embodiments, the saponified oil is
provided
in an amount ranging from about zero point one percent (0.1%) by weight to
about
100% percent (100.0%) by weight, including 0.1%, 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%,
25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%,
95%, 99%, and 100%, and any integer percentage and fraction thereof from about
0.1% to about 100%, depending on product function.
In some embodiments, the presently disclosed organic cleaning mixture
comprises one or more of sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and potassium
hydroxide, wherein, in some embodiments, the one or more of sodium carbonate,
sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide is provided in an amount of about
zero
percent (0.0%) to about three percent (3.0%), including 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%,
2.0%,
.. 2.5%, and 3.0%, and any integer percentage and fraction thereof from about
0.0% to
about 3.0%, depending on product function. In other embodiments, the one or
more
of sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide is provided in
an
amount of about zero percent (0.0%) to about thirty percent (30%), including
0.5%,
1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.5%, 4.0%, 4.5%, 5.0%, 5.5%, 6.0%, 6.5%, 7.0%,
7.5%, 8.0%, 8.5%, 9.0%, 9.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%, and any integer
percentage and fraction thereof from about 0.0% to about 30%, depending on
product
function.
In some embodiments, the viscosifier is provided in an amount ranging from
about zero point five percent (0.5%) to about fifteen percent (15%), including
0.5%,
7
CA 02864349 2014-09-19
1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 15%, and any integer percentage and
fraction
thereof depending on product function. As used herein, the term "viscosifier"
refers
to any material that increases the viscosity of a fluid and also can be
referred to as a
"thickener" or "thickening agent." Representative viscosifiers include, but
are not
limited to, xanthan gum, guar gum, aragum, gum arabic, arrowroot powder, soy
lecithin, or any cellulosic, such as methylcellulose or ethylcellulose, or
starch based
viscosifier.
When the presently disclosed solutions are mixed with water, the water, in
some embodiments, comprises an amount ranging from about sixty three
percent (63.0%) to about seventy eight percent (78.0%), including 63%, 64%,
65%,
66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, and 78% by
weight, and any fraction thereof, of the total volume. In other embodiments,
the water
comprises an amount ranging from about fifty percent (50.0%) to about ninety
percent (90.0%), including about 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, and
90%, by weight, and any fraction thereof, of the total volume.
Further, depending on the particular formulations, additional soapberry
extracts or derivatives thereof, glycerin, citric acid, aloe, salts, enzymes,
and/or
sodium derivatives can be provided in differing amounts as illustrated by the
examples described herein below to provide appropriate texture, foaming
capabilities,
and foam stability. Representative enzymes include, but are not limited to,
proteases,
amylases, including bacilliary amylases, lipases, and cellulases.
Representative
sodium derivatives include, but are not limited to, sodium bicarbonate, sodium
percarbonate, sodium borate, and trisodium phosphate.
In some embodiments, the presently disclosed organic cleaning mixtures also
include one or more essential oils. Essential oils can be used for
fragrancing, cleaning
properties, preservation, soil penetration, saponification, and therapeutic
benefits.
Representative essential oil include, but are not limited to, allspice,
ambrette seed,
amyris, angelica root, anise, star anise, atlas cedarwood, Peru balsam, basil,
holy
basil, bay, bay laurel, beeswax absolute, benzoin absolute, bergamot, bergamot
mint,
black pepper, blue cypress, bois-de-rose, boronia, bursera graveolens,
cajeput,
cananga, cardamom, carrot seed, cassia, catnip/catmint, atlas cedarwood,
Virginian
cedarwood, German chamomile, Roman chamomile, chocolate peppermint,
cinnamon, citronella, clary sage, clove bud, coffee, common sage, coriander,
cumin,
cypress, blue cypress, davana, dill, dalmation sage, elemi, eucalyptus, lemon
8
CA 02864349 2014-09-19
eucalyptus, radiata eucalyptus, fennel, fir needle, frankincense, galbanum,
geranium,
rose geranium, ginger, grapefruit, gurjum balsam, helichrysum, hyssop,
immortelle,
jamine absolute, juniper berry, kanuka, abrialis lavandula, lavender,
lavendin, lemon,
lemon balm, lemon eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon myrtle, lime, linden blossom,
mandarin, mandravasarotra, manuka, marjoram, may chang, melissa, mullein,
myrrh,
myrtle, lemon myrtle, neroli, niaouli, nutmeg, oakmoss, oliganum, bitter
orange,
sweet orange, oregano, palmarosa, palo santo, parsley, patchouli, peppermint,
petitgrain, berry/leaf pimento, scotch pine, ravensara, rose, rosemary,
rosewood,
common sage, Spanish sage, sandalwood, saro, spearmint, spikenard, spruce,
tagetes,
.. tangerine, common tea tree, lemon tea tree, New Zealand tea tree, thyme,
tobacco,
tuberose, tulsi, vanilla, vetiver, violet leaf, yarrow, ylang ylang, and yuzu.
The presently disclosed organic cleaning mixtures also can include one or
more of the following ingredients, including, but not limited to, salt, such
as sea salt,
kosher salt, Epsom salt, and standard table salt; viscosifiers, such as agar
flakes, guar,
modified guar, xanthan, sodium alginate, sodium alginate/calcium chloride,
modified
xanthan, gellan gum, carrageenan, soy lecithin, egg yoke, corn starch, and
sodium
chloride; natural surfactants, such as yucca, quillaja, yucca/quillaja natural
blends,
jojoba, and buffaloberry; oils for saponification, such as, coconut, glycerin,
olive,
jajoba, and palm; acids, such as acetic dry, standard grade acetic acid, i.e.,
"vinegar,"
(4% acidity or activity), acetic 120 (12% acidity or activity), acetic 300
(30% acidity
or activity), any of which can be diluted to obtain an acetic acid percent
acidity or
activity having a range from about 0.001% to about 30%, including, but not
limited to
0.001%, 0.01%, 0.1%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%, and any integer
percentage and fraction thereof from 65% to 95%, depending on product
function,
citric dry, citric liquid, malic, lactic, tartaric, formic, and phosphoric;
and alcohols,
such as ethyl and isopropyl alcohol.
Importantly, the presently disclosed compositions, formulations, and/or
solution are "organic." As used herein, the term "organic" refers to a product
or
ingredient that complies with 7 CFR 205.301, which establishes organic
content
.. requirements for labeling and marketing purposes. Four categories of
organic content
have been established by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
under
the National Organic Program (NOP): "100 percent organic," which is defined as
products comprising 100 percent organic ingredients; "organic," which is
defined as
products comprising 95 percent or more organic ingredients; "made with
organic,"
9
CA 02864349 2014-09-19
which is defined as products comprising between 70 percent to 95 percent
organic
ingredients; and "ingredient panel only," which is defined as products
comprising less
than 70 percent organic ingredients.
More particularly, under 7 CFR 205.301, all of the ingredients in products
sold, labeled, or represented as "100 percent organic" must be certified
organic and
contain (by weight or fluid volume, excluding water and salt) 100 percent
organically
produced ingredients.
Products sold, labeled, or represented as "organic" must contain (by weight or
fluid volume, excluding water and salt) not less than 95 percent organically
produced
raw or processed agricultural products. Any remaining product ingredients must
be
organically produced, unless not commercially available in organic form, or
must be
nonagricultural substances or non-organically produced agricultural products
as
specified on the National List under 7 CFR 205.605. Accordingly, non-organic
ingredients allowed per National List may be used, up to a combined total of
five
percent of non-organic content (excluding salt and water).
Products sold, labeled, or represented as "made with organic" must contain (by
weight or fluid volume, excluding water and salt) at least 70 percent
organically
produced ingredients. Accordingly, multi-ingredient agricultural products in
the
"made with organic" category must include at least 70 percent certified
organic
ingredients (excluding salt and water). Although any remaining agricultural
products
are not required to be organically produced, non-agricultural products must be
specifically allowed on the National List under 7 CFR 205.605.
Multi-ingredient products having less than 70 percent certified organic
content
(excluding salt and water) are not qualified to be certified. Accordingly, any
non-
certified product must not include the USDA organic seal anywhere or the word
"organic" on a principal display panel. Such products may only list certified
organic
ingredients as organic in the ingredient list and the percentage of organic
ingredients.
Remaining ingredients are not required to follow the USDA organic regulations.
Further, under 7 CFR 205.605, specified nonagricultural (nonorganic)
.. substances may be used as ingredients in or on processed products labeled
as
"organic" or "made with organic," including the following nonsynthetic and
synthetic
ingredients:
Nonsynthetics: acids (alginic; citric¨produced by microbial fermentation of
carbohydrate substances; and lactic); agar-agar; animal
enzymes¨(rennet¨animals
CA 02864349 2014-09-19
derived; catalase¨bovine liver; animal lipase; pancreatin; pepsin; and
trypsin);
bentonite; calcium carbonate; calcium chloride; calcium sulfate¨mined;
carrageenan;
dairy cultures; diatomaceous earth¨food filtering aid only; egg white lysozyme
(CAS
#9001-63-2); enzymes derived from edible, nontoxic plants, nonpathogenic
fungi, or
nonpathogenic bacteria; flavors, nonsynthetic sources only and must not be
produced
using synthetic solvents and carrier systems or any artificial preservative;
gellan gum
(CAS # 71010-52-1)¨high-acyl form only; glucono delta-lactone¨production by
the
oxidation of D-glucose with bromine water is prohibited; kaolin; L-Malic acid
(CAS #
97-67-6); magnesium sulfate, nonsynthetic sources only; microorganisms¨any
food
_____________________________________________________________ grade bacteria,
fungi, and other microorganism; nitrogen oil-free grades; oxygen¨
oil-free grades; perlite for use only as a filter aid in food processing;
potassium
chloride; potassium iodide; sodium bicarbonate; sodium carbonate; tartaric
acid - -
made from grape wine; waxes __ nonsynthetic (Camauba wax; and Wood resin);
yeast ___ nonsynthetic, growth on petrochemical substrate and sulfite waste
liquor is
prohibited (autolysate; bakers; brewers; nutritional; and smoked¨nonsynthetic
smoke
flavoring process must be documented); and
synthetics: activated charcoal (CAS #s 7440-44-0; 64365-11-3)¨only from
vegetative sources; for use only as a filtering aid; alginates; ammonium
bicarbonate¨
for use only as a leavening agent; ammonium carbonate¨for use only as a
leavening
agent; ascorbic acid; calcium citrate; calcium hydroxide; calcium phosphates
(monobasic, dibasic, and tribasic); carbon dioxide; cellulose ______ for use
in regenerative
casings, as an anti-caking agent (non-chlorine bleached) and filtering aid;
chlorine
materials¨disinfecting and sanitizing food contact surfaces, except that
residual
chlorine levels in the water shall not exceed the maximum residual
disinfectant limit
under the Safe Drinking Water Act (calcium hypoehlorite; chlorine dioxide; and
sodium hypochlorite); cyclohexylamine (CAS # 108-91-8)¨for use only as a
boiler
water additive for packaging sterilization; diethylaminoethanol (CAS # 100-37-
8)¨
for use only as a boiler water additive for packaging sterilization;
ethylene¨allowed
for postharvest ripening of tropical fruit and degreening of citrus; ferrous
sulfate¨for
iron enrichment or fortification of foods when required by regulation or
recommended
(independent organization); glycerides (mono and di) _______________ for use
only in drum drying of
food; glycerin __ produced by hydrolysis of fats and oils; hydrogen peroxide;
lecithin¨bleached; magnesium carbonate¨for use only in agricultural products
labeled "made with organic" prohibited in agricultural products labeled
"organic";
11
CA 02864349 2014-09-19
magnesium chloride¨derived from sea water; magnesium stearate for use only
in
agricultural products labeled "made with organic" prohibited in agricultural
products
labeled "organic"; nutrient vitamins and minerals, in accordance with 21 CFR
104;
20, Nutritional Quality Guidelines For Foods; octadecylamine (CAS # 124-30-
1)¨for
use only as a boiler water additive for packaging sterilization; ozone; pectin
(low-
methoxy); peracetic acid/peroxyacetic acid (CAS # 79-21-0) for use in wash
and/or
rinse water according to FDA limitations; for use as a sanitizer on food
contact
surfaces; phosphoric acid¨cleaning of food-contact surfaces and equipment
only;
potassium acid tartrate; potassium carbonate; potassium citrate; potassium
______ hydroxide prohibited for use in lye peeling of fruits and vegetables
except when
used for peeling peaches during the Individually Quick Frozen (IQF) production
process; potassium iodide¨for use only in agricultural products labeled "made
with
organic," prohibited in agricultural products labeled "organic"; potassium
phosphate - for use only in agricultural products labeled "made with organic,"
prohibited in agricultural products labeled "organic"; silicon dioxide; sodium
acid
pyrophosphate (CAS # 7758-16-9)¨for use only as a leavening agent; sodium
citrate;
sodium hydroxide¨prohibited for use in lye peeling of fruits and vegetables;
sodium
phosphates ___ for use only in dairy foods; sulfur dioxide¨for use only in
wine labeled
"made with organic grapes," provided that total sulfite concentration does not
exceed
100 ppm; tartaric acid¨made from malic acid; tetrasodium pyrophosphate (CAS #
7722-88-5) ___ for use only in meat analog products; tocopherols derived
from
vegetable oil when rosemary extracts are not a suitable alternative; and
xanthan gum.
Following long-standing patent law convention, the terms "a," "an," and "the"
refer to "one or more" when used in this application, including the claims.
Thus, for
example, reference to "a subject" includes a plurality of subjects, unless the
context
clearly is to the contrary (e.g., a plurality of subjects), and so forth.
Throughout this specification and the claims, the terms "comprise,"
"comprises," and "comprising" are used in a non-exclusive sense, except where
the
context requires otherwise. Likewise, the term "include" and its grammatical
variants
are intended to be non-limiting, such that recitation of items in a list is
not to the
exclusion of other like items that can be substituted or added to the listed
items.
For the purposes of this specification and appended claims, unless otherwise
indicated, all numbers expressing amounts, sizes, dimensions, proportions,
shapes,
12
CA 2864349 2017-04-18
formulations, parameters, percentages, parameters, quantities,
characteristics, and
other numerical values used in the specification and claims, are to be
understood as
being modified in all instances by the term "about" even though the term
"about" may
not expressly appear with the value, amount or range. Accordingly, unless
indicated
.. to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following
specification and
attached claims are not and need not be exact, but may be approximate and/or
larger
or smaller as desired, reflecting tolerances, conversion factors, rounding
off,
measurement error and the like, and other factors known to those of skill in
the art
depending on the desired properties sought to be obtained by the presently
disclosed
subject matter. For example, the term "about," when referring to a value can
be meant
to encompass variations of, in some embodiments, 100% in some embodiments
50%, in some embodiments 20%, in some embodiments 10%, in some
embodiments 5%, in some embodiments +1%, in some embodiments 0.5%, and in
some embodiments 0.1% from the specified amount, as such variations are
appropriate to perform the disclosed methods or employ the disclosed
compositions.
Further, the term "about" when used in connection with one or more numbers
or numerical ranges, should be understood to refer to all such numbers,
including all
numbers in a range and modifies that range by extending the boundaries above
and
below the numerical values set forth. The recitation of numerical ranges by
endpoints
.. includes all numbers, e.g., whole integers, including fractions thereof,
subsumed
within that range (for example, the recitation of 1 to 5 includes 1, 2, 3, 4,
and 5, as
well as fractions thereof, e.g., 1.5, 2.25, 3.75, 4.1, and the like) and any
range within
that range.
All publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned
in the specification are indicative of the level of those skilled in the art
to which the
presently disclosed subject matter pertains. It will be understood that,
although a
number of patent applications, patents, and other references are referred to
herein,
such references do not constitute an admission that any of these documents
forms part
of the common general knowledge in the art.
13
CA 02864349 2014-09-19
EXAMPLES
The following Examples have been included to provide guidance to one of
ordinary skill in the art for practicing representative embodiments of the
presently
disclosed subject matter. In light of the present disclosure and the general
level of
skill in the art, those of skill can appreciate that the following Examples
are intended
to be exemplary only and that numerous changes, modifications, and alterations
can
be employed without departing from the scope of the presently disclosed
subject
matter. The descriptions and specific examples that follow are only intended
for the
purposes of illustration, and are not to be construed as limiting in any
manner to make
compounds of the disclosure by other methods.
EXAMPLE 1
Representative Procedure for Preparing Formulations for Laundry Detergent,
Hard
Surface Cleaner, Hand Soap, Automatic Dishwasher Detergent, Human Shampoo,
and Animal Shampoo
The procedure described is for a five hundred (500) gallon batch. Weights are
based on a specific gravity for water of eight point thirty-four (8.34) pounds
per
gallon. As will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, adjustments
can be
made depending on variation in the batch size.
Initially, a blending vessel is filled with two hundred and fifty (250)
gallons of
blend water. Stirring or circulation is initiated depending on the vessel
design.
Thereafter, approximately 69 gallons (575 pounds/about 13.8 wt. %) of
soapberry
extract is added to the blend vessel. Stirring is continued until a uniform
solution is
achieved. This normally takes about two (2) to three (3) minutes.
After the solution is unifoini, about thirty four gallons (290 pounds/about
7.0
wt. %) of forty one percent solids (41%) saponified oil is added to the blend
vessel.
Stirring is continued for an additional five (5) minutes.
Thereafter, 10 pounds (0.2 wt. %) of glycerin is added to the vessel. Stirring
continues for five (5) minutes.
Thereafter, in a separate vessel, 10 pounds (0.2 wt. %) of a viscosifier, such
as,
but not limited to xanthan, is hydrated in 250 gallons of water.
After hydration of the viscosifier is complete, the solution is added to the
base
solution and stirring continued for an additional 30 minutes.
14
CA 02864349 2014-09-19
Additional blend water is added to a total weight of four thousand one hundred
seventy (4,170) pounds for a five hundred (500) gallon batch. Stirring is
continued
for fifteen (15) minutes and thereafter the batch is complete.
In preparing the solution, the solution should be a white to a light yellow
with
no separation or settling. The pH of the solution should be about nine point
five (9.5)
point to about ten point five (10.5), including 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 10.0,
10.1, 10.2,
10.3, 10.4, and 10.5, depending on water quality. After completion of the
first batch,
the pH is measured and set as the target specification, allowing for plus or
minus point
three (0.3). Two (2) quarts of the completed solution is kept as a quality
control
sample.
In preparing a hand cleaner formulation, a similar procedure is based on a
five
hundred (500) gallon batch and weights are based on a specific gravity for
water of
eight point thirty-four (8.34) pounds per gallon as before
A blending vessel is filled with two hundred and fifty (147) gallons of blend
water. Stirring or circulation is initiated depending on the vessel design.
Thereafter,
approximately 69 gallons (575 pounds/about 13.8 wt. %) of soapberry extract is
added
to the blend vessel. Stirring is continued until a uniform solution is
achieved.
Uniformity typically is achieved in about two (2) to three (3) minutes.
After the solution is uniform, about thirty four gallons (290 pounds/about7.0
wt. %) of forty one percent solids (41%) saponified oil is added to the blend
vessel.
Stirring is continued for an additional five (5) minutes.
Thereafter, 10 pounds (0.2 wt. %) of glycerin is added to the vessel. Stirring
continues for five (5) minutes.
Thereafter, in a separate vessel, 10 pounds (0.2 wt. %) of a viscosifier, such
as,
but not limited to xanthan, is hydrated in 250 gallons of water.
After hydration of the viscosifier is complete, the solution is added to the
base
solution and stirring continued for an additional 30 minutes.
Thereafter additional blend water is added to a total weight of four thousand
one hundred seventy (4,170) pounds for a five hundred (500) gallon batch.
Stirring is
continued for fifteen (15) minutes and thereafter the batch is complete.
In preparing the solution, the solution should be a white to a light yellow
with
no separation or settling. The pH of the solution should be about nine point
five (9.5)
point to about ten point five (10.5), including 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 10.0,
10.1, 10.2,
10.3, 10.4, and 10.5, depending on water quality. After completion of the
first batch,
CA 02864349 2014-09-19
the pH is measured and set as the target specification, allowing for plus or
minus point
three (0.3). Two (2) quarts of the completed solution is kept as a quality
control
sample.
EXAMPLE 2
Organic Laundry Detergent
An organic laundry detergent includes active components constituting ninety
five percent (95.0%) organic materials by weight, and includes sixty four
percent (64.0%) by weight soapberry extract, thirty two percent (32.0%) by
weight
.. saponified oil, one percent (1.0%) glycerin by weight, one percent (1.0%)
xanthan by
weight, one percent (1.0%) by weight sodium carbonate and up to one percent
(1.0%)
by weight enzymes. The previously listed components are mixed into water at a
ratio
of twenty one hundredths (0.21) of a pound of total components to one (1.0)
pound of
water.
EXAMPLE 3
Organic Hard Surface Cleaner
An organic hard surface cleaner includes active components constituting
ninety five percent (95.0%) organic materials by weight, and includes sixty
five
percent (65.0%) by weight soapberry extract, thirty three percent (33.0%) by
weight
saponified oil, one percent (1.0%) glycerin by weight and one percent (1.0%)
xanthan
by weight. The previously listed components are mixed into water at a ratio of
twenty
one hundredths (0.21) of a pound of total components to one (1.0) pound of
water.
EXAMPLE 4
Organic Hand Soap
An organic hand soap includes active components constituting ninety five
percent (95.0%) organic materials by weight, and includes sixty five percent
(65.0%)
by weight soapberry extract, thirty three percent (33.0%) by weight saponified
oil,
.. one percent (1.0%) glycerin by weight and one percent (1.0%) xanthan by
weight.
The previously listed components are mixed into water at a ratio of twenty one
hundredths (0.21) of a pound of total components to one (1.0) pound of water.
EXAMPLE 5
16
CA 02864349 2014-09-19
Organic Automatic Dishwashing Detergent
An organic automatic dishwashing detergent includes active components
constituting ninety five percent (95.0%) organic materials by weight, and
includes
eighty two percent (82.0%) by weight soapberry extract, twelve percent (12.0%)
by
weight saponified oil, one point five percent (1.5%) by weight sodium
carbonate, two
point eight percent (2.8%) by weight citric acid and one percent (1.0%) by
weight
xanthan. This composition also can include point seven percent (0.7%) by
weight
silicate. The previously-listed components are mixed into water at a ratio of
thirty
seven hundredths (0.37) of a pound of total solution to one (1.0) pound of
water.
EXAMPLE 6
Organic Human Shampoo
An organic shampoo includes active components constituting ninety five
percent (95.0%) organic materials by weight, and includes sixty five percent
(65.0%)
.. by weight soapberry extract, thirty three percent (33.0%) by weight
saponified oil,
one percent (1.0%) glycerin by weight and one percent (1.0%) xanthan by
weight.
The previously listed components are mixed into water at a ratio of twenty one
hundredths (0.21) of a pound of total components to one (1.0) pound of water.
EXAMPLE 7
Organic Animal Shampoo
An organic animal shampoo includes active components constituting ninety
five percent (95.0%) organic materials by weight, and includes sixty five
percent (65.0%) by weight soapberry extract, thirty three percent (33.0%) by
weight
saponified oil, one percent (1.0%) glycerin by weight and one percent (1.0%)
xanthan
by weight. The previously listed components are mixed into water at a ratio of
twenty
one hundredths (0.21) of a pound of total components to one (1.0) pound of
water.
EXAMPLE 8
Automatic Dish Detergent
In this example, an automatic dish detergent can be prepared comprising
between
about 70% to about 75% by weight soapberries extract, between about 10% to
about 15% by
weight saponified oils, between about 0.1% to about 5% by weight sodium
carbonate,
between about 5% to about 15% by weight guar gum, between about 0.5% to about
2.5% by
17
CA 02864349 2014-09-19
weight sodium hydroxide, between about 0.5% to about 2.5% by weight
lemongrass, and
less than 1% by weight ethyl palmate, silica, and organic white thyme oil, not
including salt
and water.
EXAMPLE 9
Laundry Detergent
In this example, a laundry detergent can be prepared comprising between about
70%
to about 85% by weight, soapberries extract, between about 10% to about 20% by
weight
saponified oils, between about 0.5% to about 2% by weight guar gum, between
about 0.5%
to about 5% by weight of a first enzyme, e.g., Medley Core, and about 0.5% to
about 2.0 %
by weight of a second enzyme, e.g., CellueleanK 5000L, and less than 1%
hydrogen
peroxide, sodium carbonate, calcium chloride, white thyme, organic lavender,
not including
salt and water.
EXAMPLE 10
Laundry Detergent
In this example, a laundry detergent can be prepared comprising between
about 90% to about 100% by weight saponified oils, between about 0.1% to about
5%
by weight sodium carbonate, between about 0.5% to about 10% by weight guar
gum,
between about 0.5% and 5% white thyme, and less than 1% soap bark, and organic
lavender, not including salt and water.
18
CA 02864349 2014-09-19
EXAMPLE 11
Free and Clear Laundry Detergent
In this example, a free and clear laundry detergent can be prepared comprising
between about 70% to about 80% by weight soapbcrrics extract, between about
15% to
about 25% by weight saponified oils, between about 0.5% and about 1.5% xanthan
gum,
between about 0.5% and 1.5% by weight a fist enzyme, e.g., Celluclean 5000L,
and less
than 1% aragum, a second enzyme. e.g., Medley Core, sodium carbonate, calcium
chloride,
and thyme oil essential oil, not including salt and water.
EXAMPLE 12
Laundry Detergent
In this example, a laundry detergent can be prepared comprising between about
20%
to about 30% by weight soapberries extract, between about 70% to about 80% by
weight
saponified oils, between about 0.5% to about 2% by weight aragum, between
about 0.5%
and about 5% xanthan gum, between about 0.5% and about 2.0% sodium carbonate,
and less
than 1% soap bark and organic lavender, not including salt and water.
Although the foregoing subject matter has been described in some detail by
way of illustration and example for purposes of clarity of understanding, it
will be
understood by those skilled in the art that certain changes and modifications
can be
practiced within the scope of the appended claims.
19
